Beam optimization method and apparatus, and electronic device

Abstract

The invention discloses a beam optimization method, a beam optimization device and electronic equipment. The method comprises the following steps: obtaining the working parameter data of a high-speed rail line, the working parameter data being at least used for representing the setting information of base stations along the high-speed rail line; the coverage area of a first antenna of the base station is determined according to the working parameter data, the coverage area is divided into a plurality of coverage sub-areas, and the plurality of coverage sub-areas are sub-areas covered by the wave beam in different time periods; determining a starting position and an ending position of the beam corresponding to each coverage sub-area; and determining beam pattern parameters of the beam in each coverage sub-region according to the working parameter data and the starting position and the ending position of the beam. According to the method and the device, the technical problem of cavity or cross-area coverage caused by the fact that accurate coverage of a high-speed rail line cannot be realized by beam configuration in related technologies is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to a beam optimization method, device and electronic equipment. Background Art

[0002] The beam optimization methods in high-speed rail scenarios in related technologies are mainly unified configuration and manual configuration. The unified configuration is to configure the high-speed rail full scene as a unified beam, and the manual configuration relies on testing and manual experience. There is a lack of manual experience in special scenarios. Therefore, the solutions in related technologies are prone to cause voids and out-of-area coverage, and cannot form the optimal configuration.

[0003] To address the above-mentioned problems, no effective solution has been proposed yet. Summary of the invention

[0004] The embodiments of the present application provide a beam optimization method, device and electronic device to at least solve the technical problem in the related art that the beam configuration cannot achieve accurate coverage of the high-speed rail line, resulting in voids or out-of-area coverage.

[0005] According to one aspect of an embodiment of the present application, a method for beam optimization is provided, including: obtaining engineering parameter data of a high-speed railway line, wherein the engineering parameter data is at least used to represent setting information of base stations along the high-speed railway line; determining the coverage area of ​​a first antenna of the base station based on the engineering parameter data, and dividing the coverage area into a plurality of coverage sub-areas, wherein the plurality of coverage sub-areas are sub-areas respectively covered by the beam in different time periods; determining the starting position and the ending position of the beam corresponding to each coverage sub-area; and determining the beam style parameters of the beam in each coverage sub-area based on the engineering parameter data and the starting position and the ending position of the beam.

[0006] In some embodiments of the present application, the coverage area of ​​the first antenna of the base station is determined based on the engineering parameter data, including: obtaining the intersection of the vertical lines from the first antenna to the extension direction of the high-speed railway line, and taking the position of the intersection of the vertical lines as the starting position of the coverage area; determining a first distance from the starting position of the coverage area to the midpoint of the base station and the first adjacent base station of the base station, wherein the first adjacent base station includes a base station whose coverage area overlaps with the coverage area of ​​the first antenna; obtaining the inter-zone switching parameters of the base station and the first adjacent base station, and determining the transition zone and the switching zone of the base station according to the inter-zone switching parameters, wherein the transition zone includes the area from the position where the level of the base station is equal to the level of the first adjacent base station to the position where the level of the base station meets the cell switching level, and the switching zone includes the area where the base station and the first adjacent base station perform cell switching; summing the first distance, the distance corresponding to the transition zone, and the distance corresponding to the switching zone to obtain a second distance of the coverage area; determining the end position of the coverage area according to the starting position and the second distance.

[0007] In some embodiments of the present application, the engineering parameter data include: the incident angle of the first antenna; determining the beam style parameters of the beam in each coverage sub-area based on the engineering parameter data and the starting position and ending position of the beam, including: determining the horizontal half-power angle of the first antenna based on the starting position and ending position of the beam; calculating the range of the horizontal beam width based on the horizontal half-power angle and the incident angle; and determining the first horizontal beam width in the beam style parameters from the range of the horizontal beam width.

[0008] In some embodiments of the present application, the horizontal half-power angle of the first antenna is determined according to the starting position and the ending position of the beam, including: obtaining a first vertical distance from the first antenna of the base station to the extension direction of the high-speed rail line, a first horizontal distance from the first antenna of the base station to the starting position of the beam, and a second horizontal distance from the first antenna of the base station to the ending position of the beam; calculating a first angle based on the first vertical distance and the first horizontal distance, wherein the first angle includes the angle of the head of a train running on the high-speed rail line covered by the beam; calculating a second angle based on the first vertical distance and the second horizontal distance, wherein the second angle includes the angle of the tail of a train running on the high-speed rail line covered by the beam; and determining the horizontal half-power angle through the first angle and the second angle.

[0009] In some embodiments of the present application, the beam azimuth angle in the beam pattern parameters is determined according to the first angle and the first horizontal beam width.

[0010] In some embodiments of the present application, the engineering parameter data include: the downtilt angle of the first antenna; determining the beam style parameters of the beam in each coverage sub-area based on the engineering parameter data and the starting position and ending position of the beam, including: determining the vertical half-power angle of the first antenna based on the starting position and ending position of the beam; calculating the range of the vertical beam width based on the vertical half-power angle and the downtilt angle; and determining the first vertical beam width in the beam style parameters from the range of the vertical beam width.

[0011] In some embodiments of the present application, the vertical half-power angle of the first antenna is determined according to the starting position and the ending position of the beam, including: obtaining a second vertical distance from the first antenna to the extension direction of the high-speed rail line, the first antenna height, the first altitude of the starting position of the beam, and the second altitude of the ending position of the beam; calculating a third angle based on the second vertical distance, the first antenna height and the first altitude, wherein the third angle includes the angle of the bottom of the train running on the high-speed rail line covered by the beam; calculating a fourth angle based on the second vertical distance, the first antenna height and the second altitude, wherein the fourth angle includes the angle of the top of the train running on the high-speed rail line covered by the beam; and determining the vertical half-power angle through the third angle and the fourth angle.

[0012] In some embodiments of the present application, a beam downtilt angle in the beam pattern parameters is determined according to the third angle and the first vertical beam width.

[0013] In some embodiments of the present application, after determining the beam style parameters of the beam in each coverage sub-area based on the engineering parameter data and the starting position and ending position of the beam, the method also includes: obtaining any beam power combination in a set of beam power combinations between any two adjacent base stations in the high-speed rail line; determining that the first beam power in the beam power combination is the beam power of the base station, and the second beam power in the target beam power combination is the beam power of the adjacent base station of the base station; calculating the perceived benefit score of the coverage area of ​​the base station and the adjacent base station under the beam power combination, wherein the perceived benefit score is used to quantitatively evaluate the satisfaction of high-speed rail line users with the communication quality under the beam power combination; and determining the target beam power combination of the base station and the adjacent base station based on the perceived benefit score.

[0014] In some embodiments of the present application, the perceived benefit scores of the coverage areas of a base station and adjacent base stations under a beam power combination are calculated, including: obtaining a plurality of performance indicators and score functions corresponding to the plurality of performance indicators, wherein the plurality of performance indicators include a plurality of indicators reflecting the communication quality of a high-speed rail line; using the score function to calculate the scores of the corresponding performance indicators, and determining the score loss rate of the performance indicators according to the scores; determining the weights of the performance indicators according to the score loss rate of the performance indicators; constructing a perceived evaluation score function model using a plurality of performance indicators, the score functions corresponding to the plurality of performance indicators, and the weights corresponding to the plurality of performance indicators; and using the perceived evaluation score function model to calculate the perceived benefit scores of the coverage areas of the base station and adjacent base stations under the beam power combination.

[0015] According to another aspect of the embodiment of the present application, a device for beam optimization is also provided, including: an acquisition module, used to acquire engineering parameter data of a high-speed railway line, wherein the engineering parameter data is at least used to represent the setting information of base stations along the high-speed railway line; a first processing module, used to determine the coverage area of ​​the first antenna of the base station based on the engineering parameter data, and divide the coverage area into a plurality of coverage sub-areas, wherein the plurality of coverage sub-areas are sub-areas covered by the beam in different time periods; a second processing module, used to determine the starting position and the ending position of the beam corresponding to each coverage sub-area; a determination module, used to determine the beam style parameters of the beam in each coverage sub-area based on the engineering parameter data and the starting position and the ending position of the beam.

[0016] According to another aspect of the embodiments of the present application, there is also provided an electronic device, including: a memory and a processor, the memory being used to store program instructions; the processor being connected to the memory and being used to execute the above-mentioned beam optimization method.

[0017] According to another aspect of the embodiments of the present application, a non-volatile storage medium is provided, which includes a stored computer program, wherein the device where the non-volatile storage medium is located executes the above-mentioned beam optimization method by running the computer program.

[0018] According to another aspect of the embodiments of the present application, a computer program product is provided, including computer instructions, which implement the above-mentioned beam optimization method when executed by a processor.

[0019] In an embodiment of the present application, the coverage area of ​​the base station antenna is determined by the engineering parameter data of the high-speed rail line, and the coverage area is divided into multiple coverage sub-areas, and corresponding beam style parameters are calculated for each coverage sub-area, thereby achieving the purpose of using the engineering parameter data of the high-speed rail line to accurately calculate the beam parameter configuration that best suits the coverage requirements of the high-speed rail scenario, thereby achieving the technical effect of making full use of the directional coverage advantages of the narrow beam, accurately covering the trains on the high-speed rail line, and improving the high-speed rail user experience, and further solving the technical problem that the beam configuration in the related technology cannot achieve accurate coverage of the high-speed rail line, resulting in voids or out-of-area coverage. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] The drawings described herein are used to provide a further understanding of the present application and constitute a part of the present application. The illustrative embodiments of the present application and their descriptions are used to explain the present application and do not constitute an improper limitation on the present application. In the drawings:

[0021] Figure 1 It is a hardware structure block diagram of a computer terminal of a beam optimization method according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0022] Figure 2 is a flow chart of a beam optimization method according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0023] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of high-speed rail coverage multi-beam segmentation according to a beam optimization method of an embodiment of the present application;

[0024] Figure 4a is a schematic diagram of coverage area determination of a beam optimization method according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0025] Figure 4b It is a schematic diagram of determining a transition area and a switching area of ​​a beam optimization method according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0026] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram for determining the incident angle of an antenna according to the related art;

[0027] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of horizontal beam optimization modeling of a beam optimization method according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0028] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram for determining the downtilt angle of an antenna according to the related art;

[0029] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of vertical beam optimization modeling of a beam optimization method according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0030] Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of factors affecting beam power configuration according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0031] Fig.10 is a schematic diagram of a beam optimization method according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0032] Fig.11 It is a structural schematic diagram of a beam optimization device according to an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the solution of the present application, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work should fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0034] It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", etc. in the specification and claims of the present application and the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the data used in this way can be interchangeable where appropriate, so that the embodiments of the present application described herein can be implemented in an order other than those illustrated or described herein. In addition, the terms "including" and "having" and any of their variations are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions, for example, a process, method, system, product or device comprising a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units clearly listed, but may include other steps or units that are not clearly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.

[0035] In order to better understand the embodiments of the present application, the technical terms involved in the embodiments of the present application are explained as follows:

[0036] Coverage Holes: refers to areas along the high-speed rail line where signal coverage is insufficient due to factors such as terrain, building obstruction, and the directionality of radio beams, resulting in reduced communication quality or complete inability to communicate in these areas.

[0037] Over-Coverage: refers to the situation where the coverage of the radio beam exceeds the actual needs of the high-speed rail line and covers areas that should not be covered.

[0038] Azimuth Angle: refers to the direction of the beam in the horizontal plane, that is, the angle of the direction of the antenna transmitting beam relative to the true north (or magnetic north).

[0039] Horizontal beam width: refers to the width of the beam in the horizontal plane, that is, the coverage range of the beam in the horizontal direction.

[0040] Down-tilt Angle: refers to the vertical downtilt angle of the beam relative to the horizontal plane, which is used to control the coverage range of the beam in the vertical direction.

[0041] Vertical Beam Width: refers to the width of the beam in the vertical plane, that is, the vertical range that the beam can cover.

[0042] With the advent of the 5G era, the application of 5G massive array antennas (Massive MIMO) provides a hardware foundation for self-intelligent optimization of network coverage. Massive MIMO is responsible for aggregating more and more antennas at the transmitting and receiving ends, while beamforming is responsible for guiding each signal to the optimal path of the terminal receiver, improving signal strength, avoiding signal interference, and thus improving communication quality. At present, there are different planning models for base station planning in high-speed rail scenarios, including station spacing, station track gauge, and antenna hanging height combination. Due to factors such as the long coverage distance of base stations on high-speed rail and the speed changes during high-speed rail driving, users often encounter problems such as frequent switching of base stations or unstable signals during high-speed driving. In this regard, multiple base stations are usually deployed along the high-speed rail to meet the coverage requirements of different locations on the high-speed rail. However, if the coverage of multiple base stations overlaps, the network deployment cost will increase, and the non-overlapping coverage of multiple base stations will lead to voids. In related technologies, the optimization of the beam coverage pattern of base stations is mainly achieved through unified configuration or manual methods. This method cannot quickly and accurately calculate the beam coverage pattern according to the actual high-speed rail line and user needs, and cannot meet the optimization needs of the high-speed rail communication network. In order to solve the above technical problems, the embodiments of the present application provide corresponding solutions, which are described in detail below.

[0043] The beam optimization method embodiment provided in the embodiment of the present application can be executed in a mobile terminal, a computer terminal or a similar computing device. Figure 1 FIG. 1 shows a hardware structure block diagram of a computer terminal for implementing a beam optimization method. Figure 1As shown, the computer terminal 10 may include one or more (102a, 102b, ..., 102n are used to illustrate) processors (the processor may include but is not limited to a processing device such as a microprocessor MCU or a programmable logic device FPGA), a memory 104 for storing data, and a transmission module 106 for communication functions connected via a wired and / or wireless network. In addition, it may also include: a display, a keyboard, a cursor control device, an input / output interface (I / O interface), a universal serial bus (USB) port (which may be included as one of the ports of the I / O interface), a network interface, and a BUS bus. Those skilled in the art can understand that Figure 1 The structure shown is only for illustration and does not limit the structure of the above electronic device. Figure 1 More or fewer components as shown, or with Figure 1 Different configurations are shown.

[0044] It should be noted that the one or more processors and / or other data processing circuits described above may generally be referred to herein as "data processing circuits". The data processing circuits may be embodied in whole or in part as software, hardware, firmware, or any other combination thereof. In addition, the data processing circuit may be a single independent processing module, or may be incorporated in whole or in part into any of the other components in the computer terminal 10. As described in the embodiments of the present application, the data processing circuit acts as a processor control (e.g., selection of a variable resistor terminal path connected to an interface).

[0045] The memory 104 can be used to store software programs and modules of application software, such as the program instructions / data storage device corresponding to the beam optimization method in the embodiment of the present application. The processor executes various functional applications and data processing by running the software programs and modules stored in the memory 104, that is, realizing the above-mentioned beam optimization method. The memory 104 may include a high-speed random access memory, and may also include a non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic storage devices, flash memory, or other non-volatile solid-state memory. In some instances, the memory 104 may further include a memory remotely arranged relative to the processor, and these remote memories may be connected to the computer terminal 10 via a network. Examples of the above-mentioned network include, but are not limited to, the Internet, an intranet, a local area network, a mobile communication network, and combinations thereof.

[0046] The transmission module 106 is used to receive or send data via a network. The specific example of the above network may include a wireless network provided by a communication provider of the computer terminal 10. In one example, the transmission module 106 includes a network adapter (Network Interface Controller, NIC), which can be connected to other network devices through a base station so as to communicate with the Internet. In one example, the transmission module 106 can be a radio frequency (RF) module, which is used to communicate with the Internet wirelessly.

[0047] The display may be, for example, a touch screen liquid crystal display (LCD) that enables a user to interact with a user interface of the computer terminal 10 .

[0048] It should be noted that, in some optional embodiments, the above Figure 1 The computer terminal shown may include hardware elements (including circuits), software elements (including computer code stored on a computer-readable medium), or a combination of hardware elements and software elements. It should be noted that Figure 1 This is merely one example of a particular embodiment and is intended to illustrate the types of components that may be present in the computer terminal described above.

[0049] In the above operating environment, an embodiment of the present application provides an embodiment of a beam optimization method. It should be noted that the steps shown in the flowchart in the accompanying drawings can be executed in a computer system such as a set of computer executable instructions, and although the logical order is shown in the flowchart, in some cases, the steps shown or described can be executed in an order different from that shown here.

[0050] Figure 2 is a flow chart of a beam optimization method according to an embodiment of the present application. Figure 2 As shown, the method comprises the following steps:

[0051] Step S202, obtaining the engineering parameter data of the high-speed railway line, wherein the engineering parameter data is at least used to represent the setting information of the base stations along the high-speed railway line.

[0052] In the above step S202, the engineering parameter data is data describing the physical setting and configuration information of the base stations and their related components along the high-speed rail line, including the physical location of the base station, such as the station spacing, station track gauge, antenna height, etc., and the network parameters of the base station and other information determined when the high-speed rail base station is connected to the network, such as inter-zone switching parameters, etc.

[0053] (1) Inter-Site Distance: refers to the straight-line distance between two adjacent base stations;

[0054] (2) Site-to-Track Distance: refers to the vertical distance from the base station to the high-speed rail track;

[0055] (3) Antenna Height: refers to the vertical height from the center of the antenna to the ground;

[0056] (4) Handover parameters: including handover threshold, hysteresis parameter, measurement reporting period, handover execution delay, etc.

[0057] Step S204: determine the coverage area of ​​the first antenna of the base station according to the engineering parameter data, and divide the coverage area into a plurality of coverage sub-areas, wherein the plurality of coverage sub-areas are sub-areas respectively covered by the beam in different time periods.

[0058] In the above step S204, the first antenna is any one of the multiple antennas configured by the base station. For example, in the high-speed rail scenario, each base station can be configured with two antennas, and the two antennas cover the high-speed rail lines at a certain distance on both sides of the base station. The coverage area is the area where the base station antenna signal can effectively cover the high-speed rail line and a certain range around it. The coverage area of ​​one antenna is one cell.

[0059] In order to more accurately control signal coverage and optimize network performance, the coverage area can be divided into multiple coverage sub-areas by comprehensively considering the impact of factors such as the terrain along the high-speed railway, station layout, and train operation characteristics on signal coverage. The coverage sub-areas are specific intervals or positions within the coverage area, and can be determined based on quantitative indicators such as the directivity of the beam, the width of the coverage area, and the length of the coverage area. For example, the length of the coverage area is divided into equal parts according to a preset number based on the length of the coverage area in the direction of the high-speed railway, that is, each coverage sub-area has the same length, and the beam direction is aligned with the center position of the coverage sub-area; for another example, considering the impact of the antenna's incident angle, the length of the edge coverage sub-area can be reduced to reduce the negative impact of the incident angle deviation and increase the density of the beam coverage.

[0060] Since the position of trains on the high-speed rail line changes dynamically, in order to adapt to the dynamic changes in the signal propagation environment in the high-speed rail scenario, the beam will dynamically adjust its direction according to the position and speed of the train to achieve tracking coverage of the train. In some embodiments, the beam can scan multiple coverage sub-areas in sequence according to a preset frequency (i.e., cover the coverage sub-areas), thereby achieving directional coverage of the coverage sub-areas by the beam.

[0061] In an optional embodiment, since a massive MIMO antenna array supports a maximum of 7 beam transmissions, in order to give full play to the penetration advantage of a Massive MIMO narrow beam over a wide beam, the coverage area can be divided into 7 coverage sub-areas according to the number of beams, such as Figure 3 As shown, the coverage area length of the base station H (coverage area start position) to M* (coverage area end position) is divided into 7 equal parts (i.e., 7 coverage sub-areas of the same size, Figure 3 Only beam 1, beam 4, beam 5 and beam 7 are shown as examples, and the beam directions are respectively aligned with the center positions of the 7 coverage sub-areas, and the 7 beams scan multiple coverage sub-areas at a preset frequency.

[0062] Step S206: determine the starting position and the ending position of the beam corresponding to each coverage sub-area.

[0063] In the above step S206, the starting position and the ending position of the beam include the starting position and the ending position of the beam in the horizontal direction and the starting position and the ending position of the beam in the vertical direction. The starting position and the ending position of the beam can be calculated from the engineering parameter data.

[0064] For the determination of the start and end positions of the horizontal beam, for example, the coverage area of ​​a base station is the range from point H to point M, where H is the intersection of the vertical lines from the base station antenna to the extension direction of the high-speed rail line, and M is the midpoint between the two base stations. The coverage area is covered by 7 narrow beams, and the entire coverage distance from H to M will be evenly divided into 7 coverage sub-areas. For the nth coverage sub-area, the start and end positions of the corresponding beam can be calculated as follows:

[0065] (1) Starting position: Starting from point H, calculate the horizontal distance to the center point of the nth sub-area and determine the center point as the starting position where the nth beam needs to be aligned;

[0066] (2) End position: Starting from point M, work backwards to calculate the horizontal distance to the center point of the nth coverage sub-area, and determine that the center point is the end position to which the nth beam needs to be aligned.

[0067] For the determination of the start and end positions of the vertical beam, for example, for the start and end positions of the nth beam, the antenna height of the base station needs to be considered, which can be calculated as follows:

[0068] (1) Starting position: Calculate the vertical distance from the height of the base station antenna to the bottom of the coverage area of ​​the nth sub-area. This distance corresponds to the altitude of the starting position of the beam.

[0069] (2) End position: Calculate the vertical distance from the height of the base station antenna to the top of the coverage area of ​​the nth sub-area. This distance corresponds to the altitude of the end position of the beam.

[0070] Step S208: determining the beam pattern parameters of the beam in each coverage sub-area according to the engineering parameter data and the starting position and the ending position of the beam.

[0071] In the above step S208, the beam pattern parameters include multiple parameters such as horizontal beam width, beam azimuth, vertical beam width, and beam downtilt. The antenna can remotely adjust the beam azimuth, horizontal beam width, downtilt, vertical beam width, and other parameters in each coverage sub-area. In some embodiments of the present application, the horizontal beam width and azimuth can be calculated based on the predetermined antenna incident angle and the starting position and ending position of the beam, and the vertical beam width and the downtilt can be calculated based on the preset antenna downtilt and the starting position and ending position of the beam.

[0072] Through the above steps S202 to S208, the coverage area of ​​the base station antenna is determined by the engineering parameter data of the high-speed railway line, and the coverage area is divided into multiple coverage sub-areas, and the corresponding beam style parameters are calculated for each coverage sub-area, so as to achieve the purpose of using the engineering parameter data of the high-speed railway line to accurately calculate the beam parameter configuration that best suits the coverage requirements of the high-speed railway scene, thereby achieving the technical effect of making full use of the directional coverage advantage of the narrow beam, accurately covering the trains on the high-speed railway line, and improving the high-speed railway user experience, thereby solving the technical problem that the beam configuration in the related technology cannot achieve accurate coverage of the high-speed railway line, resulting in voids or out-of-area coverage.

[0073] In order to ensure the accuracy and continuity of coverage and avoid unnecessary signal interference and coverage blind spots, the coverage area of ​​the base station antenna can be determined by the following steps: obtain the intersection of the vertical lines from the first antenna to the extension direction of the high-speed rail line, and use the position of the vertical line intersection as the starting position of the coverage area; determine the first distance between the starting position of the coverage area and the midpoint of the base station and the first adjacent base station of the base station, wherein the first adjacent base station includes a base station with an overlapping coverage area with the coverage area of ​​the first antenna; obtain the inter-zone switching parameters of the base station and the first adjacent base station, and determine the transition zone and switching zone of the base station according to the inter-zone switching parameters, wherein the transition zone includes the area from the position where the level of the base station is equal to the level of the first adjacent base station to the position where the level of the base station meets the cell switching level, and the switching zone includes the area where the base station and the first adjacent base station perform cell switching; sum the first distance, the distance corresponding to the transition zone, and the distance corresponding to the switching zone to obtain the second distance of the coverage area; determine the end position of the coverage area according to the starting position and the second distance. Figure 4aAs shown, when determining the end position M in the coverage area of ​​the antenna, the transition area and the switching area of ​​the base station can also be considered. In this case, the end position is changed from point M to point M*.

[0074] In some embodiments, the base station along the high-speed railway is equipped with two antennas, and the coverage area of ​​each antenna overlaps with the coverage area of ​​an antenna of the adjacent base station on the left and right sides, respectively, to achieve continuous coverage of the high-speed railway line. The starting position of the coverage area of ​​the first antenna of the base station is a position close to one end of the base station, and the ending position of the coverage area of ​​the first antenna of the base station is a position close to one end of the first adjacent base station. The coverage area of ​​the first antenna is the service cell, and the coverage area corresponding to the antenna with overlapping coverage area between the first adjacent base station and the service cell is the target cell. Inter-zone switching is switching from the service cell to the target cell. Inter-zone switching parameters include switching threshold, hysteresis parameter, measurement reporting period, switching execution delay, etc., which are used to determine the transition area of ​​the base station and the switching area located after the transition area.

[0075] The transition zone is a buffer area set up to cope with signal fluctuations and delays when the base station signal strength begins to weaken but still meets certain communication quality requirements. It is used to prevent frequent switching caused by short-term signal fluctuations. The switching zone is the process area before and after the mobile station (such as the terminal equipment of a high-speed rail user) actually switches to an adjacent base station. In some embodiments, such as Figure 4a As shown, the intersection of the vertical line from the first antenna to the extension direction of the high-speed railway line is H (i.e., the starting position of the coverage area), the midpoint position of the base station and the first adjacent base station is M, and the end position of the coverage area is M*. The transition area (A) and the switching area (B) can be determined by the area switching parameters, for example (such as Figure 4b As shown), the starting position of the transition zone can be the position where the level of the base station received by the mobile station is equal to the level of the first adjacent base station received by the mobile station, and the ending position of the transition zone can be the position determined by the sum of the distance required for the signal to meet the switching level hysteresis (for example, 2dB) and the distance to prevent signal fluctuations from requiring re-measurement and affecting the switching, that is, the position where the level of the base station received by the mobile station meets the cell switching level; the starting position of the switching zone can be the ending position of the transition zone, and the ending position of the switching zone can be the position determined by satisfying the three time periods of the mobile station measurement reporting period, the switching time hysteresis (for example, the sum of the measurement reporting period and the switching time hysteresis is 320ms in total), and the cell switching execution delay (for example, 30ms).

[0076] In the high-speed rail scenario, the determination of the transition zone and the handover zone is closely related to the train running speed. In some embodiments, the distances corresponding to the transition zone and the handover zone can be calculated by the train running speed and the handover parameters. For example, for the handover delay in the handover parameters, the overlapping distance of the serving cell and the target cell (i.e. Figure 4a The overlapping coverage area in the design can be calculated by the following formula:

[0077] D=2*(d1+d2+d3).

[0078] Among them, D is the overlapping distance of the target cell of the service cell, d1 is the distance corresponding to the level hysteresis (that is, the distance of the transition zone), d2 is the distance corresponding to the switching trigger time, d3 is the switching execution distance, and the sum of the distance corresponding to the switching trigger time and the switching execution distance is the distance of the switching zone.

[0079] Figure 4b In an optional embodiment, the transition zone distance, switching zone distance and switching overlap required distance corresponding to different train speeds are shown. For example, when the train speed is 350 kn / h, the transition zone distance is 50 m, the switching zone distance is 35 m, and the switching overlap required distance is 170 m.

[0080] Combination Figure 4a , sum up the first distance from the starting position (H) of the coverage area to the midpoint position (M) between the base station and the first adjacent base station, the transition area distance (A), and the switching area distance (B) to obtain the second distance of the coverage area. Taking the starting position (H) of the coverage area as the starting point, the second distance is extended in the direction where the first adjacent base station is located to obtain the end position of the coverage area. The distance between the starting position and the end position of the coverage area is determined as the coverage area.

[0081] In order to reduce signal attenuation caused by the width of the train and improve communication stability, the horizontal beam width in the beam pattern parameters can be optimized to ensure that the beam can still effectively cover when the train moves laterally. In some embodiments, the horizontal beam width of the beam in each coverage sub-area can be determined based on the incident angle of the first antenna and the starting position and ending position of the beam. Specifically: the horizontal half-power angle of the first antenna is determined based on the starting position and ending position of the beam; the range of the horizontal beam width is calculated based on the horizontal half-power angle and the incident angle; and the first horizontal beam width in the beam pattern parameters is determined from the range of the horizontal beam width.

[0082] The incident angle of the antenna can be configured based on experience when the base station is connected to the network, or it can be adjusted manually or remotely based on test results. Figure 5 As shown, the incident angle of the antenna is set to align with 2 / 3 of the edge of the base station coverage (corresponding to Figure 5 θ2 in ).

[0083] In some embodiments, the horizontal half-power angle of the first antenna can be determined according to the starting position and the ending position of the beam, specifically: obtain a first vertical distance from the first antenna of the base station to the extension direction of the high-speed rail line, a first horizontal distance from the first antenna of the base station to the starting position of the beam, and a second horizontal distance from the first antenna of the base station to the ending position of the beam; calculate a first angle based on the first vertical distance and the first horizontal distance, wherein the first angle includes the angle of the head of the train running on the high-speed rail line covered by the beam; calculate a second angle based on the first vertical distance and the second horizontal distance, wherein the second angle includes the angle of the tail of the train running on the high-speed rail line covered by the beam; determine the horizontal half-power angle through the first angle and the second angle.

[0084] The first horizontal distance from the first antenna of the base station to the starting position of the beam is the distance between the base point of the vertical distance from the first antenna to the rail (i.e., the projection point of the first antenna) and the starting position of the beam irradiating the rail. The second horizontal distance from the first antenna of the base station to the ending position of the beam is the distance between the base point of the vertical distance from the first antenna to the rail (i.e., the projection point of the first antenna) and the ending position of the beam irradiating the rail.

[0085] The angle of the beam covering the head of the train running on the high-speed railway line includes the angle formed by the direction directly in front of the first antenna (for example, the 0° direction of the first antenna, that is, the beam pointing to the north direction set when the first antenna is installed) when the beam of the first antenna starts from the first antenna and points to the head of the train (that is, the position of the carriage at the front end in the direction of travel of the train) in the horizontal direction. The angle of the beam covering the tail of the train running on the high-speed railway line includes the angle formed by the direction directly in front of the first antenna when the beam of the first antenna points to the tail of the train (that is, the position of the carriage at the rear end in the direction of travel of the train). The calculation of the angle of the beam covering the head of the train running on the high-speed railway line and the angle of the beam covering the tail of the train running on the high-speed railway line takes into account the relative position of the first antenna and the train and the direction of travel of the train.

[0086] In an optional embodiment, the horizontal half power angle is calculated by the following formula:

[0087] The first angle is calculated by the station gauge (i.e., the first vertical distance) and the first horizontal distance, and the calculation formula is:

[0088] β n-1 =tan -1 (d / Y n-1 )

[0089] Among them, β n-1 is the first angle, Y n-1 is the horizontal distance from the antenna to the starting position of the nth beam (i.e., the first horizontal distance), and d is the station track gauge;

[0090] The second angle is calculated by the station gauge (i.e. the first vertical distance) and the second horizontal distance, and the calculation formula is:

[0091] β n =tan -1 (d / Y n )

[0092] Among them, β n is the second angle, Y n is the horizontal distance from the antenna to the end position of the nth beam (i.e., the second horizontal distance);

[0093] The horizontal half-power angle is calculated according to the first angle and the second angle, and the calculation formula is:

[0094] β=β n -β n-1

[0095] Where, β is the horizontal half-power angle;

[0096] The range of the horizontal beam width is calculated by the horizontal half-power angle and the incident angle of the antenna. The calculation formula is:

[0097] D ≥ β + 2*γ

[0098] Where D is the range of horizontal beam width and γ is the incident angle of the antenna.

[0099] The first horizontal beam width is determined by D. For example, the first horizontal beam width is determined to be β+2*γ.

[0100] In some embodiments, the beam azimuth in the beam pattern parameters may be determined according to the first angle and the first horizontal beam width. In an optional embodiment, the beam azimuth is calculated as follows:

[0101] δ=β n-1 +D / 2

[0102] Where δ is the beam azimuth.

[0103] By calculating the beam azimuth, we can ensure that the beam is always aligned with the direction of the train's movement, reduce the lateral scattering of the signal, improve the concentration and strength of the signal, and further optimize the communication effect.

[0104] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of modeling of horizontal beam optimization according to an embodiment of the present application, such as Figure 6 As shown, in some embodiments, the x-axis represents the distance d from the rail to the antenna, and the y-axis represents the horizontal angle of the antenna. The key point of this model is to determine the optimal horizontal beam width and azimuth to ensure that the signal can effectively cover the high-speed train and reduce interference to the surrounding area. Figure 6In the figure, the antenna is located at (0, 200) in the two-dimensional coordinate system, the distance from the rail to the antenna (i.e., the first vertical distance from the first antenna of the base station to the extension direction of the high-speed rail line) is the difference d(30) between the antenna and the rail in the horizontal direction, the direction angle (horizontal half-power angle) is β, the starting position of the train coverage is located at (30, 217.32) in the two-dimensional coordinate system, that is, from this position in the horizontal direction of the antenna, the signal begins to effectively cover the train, which is determined by the vertical distance between the antenna and the high-speed rail and the incident angle of the antenna, and the end position of the train coverage is located at (30, 117.58) in the two-dimensional coordinate system, that is, the effective range of the signal coverage of the train ends at this position, which is also affected by the vertical distance between the antenna and the high-speed rail and the incident angle. The horizontal beam width is determined by the starting position of the train coverage and the end position of the train coverage to ensure that the signal covers the entire train, while limiting the beam width to reduce coverage of non-target areas. The horizontal beam optimization module will calculate the recommended horizontal beam width and beam azimuth based on parameters such as the station spacing between sites, station track gauge, antenna height and train length, so that the beam can point to the center of the coverage area to achieve the best coverage effect.

[0105] In order to reduce signal attenuation caused by reasons such as train height or terrain, the vertical beam width can be optimized to ensure that the beam can still effectively cover when the train moves longitudinally. In some embodiments, the vertical beam width of the beam in each coverage sub-area can be determined based on the downtilt angle of the antenna and the starting position and ending position of the beam, specifically: the vertical half-power angle of the first antenna is determined based on the starting position and ending position of the beam; the range of the vertical beam width is calculated based on the vertical half-power angle and the downtilt angle; and the first vertical beam width in the pattern parameter of the beam is determined from the range of the vertical beam width.

[0106] The downtilt angle of the antenna can be configured based on experience when the base station is connected to the network, or it can be adjusted manually or remotely based on test results. Figure 7 As shown in the figure, the downtilt angle of the antenna can be determined according to the parameters such as the station gauge (d), vehicle height (train height), bridge height (elevated bridge height), etc., and is set so that the main lobe of the antenna is aligned with the top direction of the train (corresponding to Figure 7 α in .

[0107] In some embodiments, the vertical half-power angle of the first antenna can be determined based on the starting position and the ending position of the beam, including: obtaining a second vertical distance from the first antenna to the extension direction of the high-speed rail line, the first antenna height, the first altitude of the starting position of the beam, and the second altitude of the ending position of the beam; calculating a third angle based on the second vertical distance, the first antenna height, and the first altitude, wherein the third angle includes the angle of the beam covering the bottom of a train running on the high-speed rail line; calculating a fourth angle based on the second vertical distance, the first antenna height, and the second altitude, wherein the fourth angle includes the angle of the beam covering the top of a train running on the high-speed rail line; and determining the vertical half-power angle through the third angle and the fourth angle.

[0108] The angle at which the beam covers the bottom of a train running on a high-speed railway line includes the angle formed by the beam of the first antenna and the horizontal plane when the beam covers the bottom of the train (i.e., the part of the train in contact with the ground). The angle at which the beam covers the top of a train running on a high-speed railway line includes the angle formed by the beam of the first antenna and the horizontal plane when the beam covers the top of the train.

[0109] In an optional embodiment, the vertical half-power angle is calculated by the following formula:

[0110] The third angle is calculated by the station gauge (i.e., the second vertical distance), the antenna height (the sum of the antenna hanging height and the altitude of the antenna location), and the first altitude. The calculation formula is:

[0111] α n-1 =tan -1 (d / (Hh n-1 ))

[0112] Among them, α n-1 is the third angle, h n-1 is the first altitude of the starting position of the nth beam, d is the station track gauge, and H is the antenna height;

[0113] The fourth angle is calculated by the station gauge (i.e., the second vertical distance), antenna height (the sum of the antenna hanging height and the altitude of the antenna location) and the second altitude. The calculation formula is:

[0114] α n =tan -1 (d / (Hh n ))

[0115] Among them, α n is the fourth angle, h n a second altitude of the end position of the nth beam;

[0116] The vertical half-power angle is calculated according to the third angle and the fourth angle, and the calculation formula is:

[0117] α=α n -α n-1

[0118] Where, α is the vertical half-power angle;

[0119] The range of vertical beam width is calculated by the vertical half-power angle and the downtilt angle of the antenna. The calculation formula is:

[0120] C ≥ α + 2*θ

[0121] Where C is the range of vertical beam width, and θ is the downtilt angle of the antenna;

[0122] In some embodiments, the beam downtilt angle in the beam pattern parameters may be determined according to the third angle and the first vertical beam width. In an optional embodiment, the beam downtilt angle is calculated as follows:

[0123]

[0124] in, is the beam downtilt angle.

[0125] By calculating the beam downtilt angle, it can be ensured that the beam is always aligned with the height direction of the train, reducing the vertical scattering of the signal. For example, when the train passes through a tunnel or a bridge, the vertical coverage capability of the signal is improved, further optimizing the communication effect.

[0126] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of modeling of vertical beam optimization according to an embodiment of the present application, such as Figure 8As shown, in some embodiments, the x-axis represents the vertical distance d (distance) from the rail to the antenna, and the y-axis represents the tilt angle (tilt) or the angle of the beam in the vertical direction. The tilt angle is used to control the coverage of the beam in the vertical direction, ensure that the signal can effectively cover the height of the train, and compensate for the influence of the antenna hanging height and terrain changes. The train height (Building-height) is the height of the train that the signal needs to cover in the vertical direction, including scenes such as entering and exiting tunnels. The vertical beam optimization module will calculate the recommended vertical beam width and beam tilt angle based on parameters such as the antenna height, the vertical distance from the antenna to the rail, and the antenna tilt angle. The purpose is to enable the beam to be aligned with the center of the coverage area, that is, the height of the train, to provide the best vertical coverage effect. In order to adjust the beam power more accurately, ensure that the network communication quality always remains at a high level when the train moves at high speed, and improve user satisfaction, after determining the beam style parameters of the beam in each coverage sub-area, the following process can also be performed: obtain any beam power combination in the set of beam power combinations between any two adjacent base stations in the high-speed rail line; determine that the first beam power in the beam power combination is the beam power of the base station, and the second beam power in the target beam power combination is the beam power of the adjacent base station of the base station; calculate the perceived benefit score of the coverage area of ​​the base station and the adjacent base station under the beam power combination, where the perceived benefit score is used to quantitatively evaluate the satisfaction of high-speed rail line users with the communication quality under the beam power combination; determine the target beam power combination of the base station and the adjacent base station based on the perceived benefit score.

[0127] The beam power combination set is a plurality of beam power combinations constructed according to the power that can be supported by the device. The dimension of the beam power combination is determined according to the number of base stations. For example, when considering the beam power configuration between two base stations, the beam power combination may include two beam powers (i.e., the first beam power and the second beam power). In an optional embodiment, the maximum transmit power of the active antenna unit (AAU) device is W. The beam power combination can be determined according to four typical values ​​of the power W of the AAU (i.e., W / 8, W / 4, W / 2, and W). Then, the beam power combination between two adjacent base stations includes 4*4, a total of 16 beam power combinations. For example, a beam power combination may be (W / 2, W), W / 2 is determined as the first beam power, and W is determined as the second beam power. The beam power combination set can be constructed by the 16 beam power combinations, or a plurality of beam power combinations can be selected from the 16 beam power combinations to construct the beam power combination set.

[0128] The configuration of beam power in the high-speed rail scenario will be affected by factors such as train penetration loss (i.e., different types of trains on the high-speed rail line have different attenuation), site location layout (e.g., zigzag base station layout or non-zigzag base station layout), and high-speed rail scenarios (e.g., different scenarios such as urban areas, suburbs, rural areas, plains, and mountainous areas). Fig. 9 The effects of train penetration loss and high-speed rail station layout on beam power configuration are shown. Fig. 9 As shown in the figure, different types of trains correspond to different typical values ​​of penetration loss. For example, when the model is CRH380, the typical values ​​of penetration loss corresponding to the frequencies of different frequency bands are not the same. The penetration loss of the 800M band is 24dB, the penetration loss of the 1.8G band is 27dB, the penetration loss of the 2.1G band is 27dB, and the penetration loss of the 3.5G band is 33dB. That is, for the same model, the signal of the 3.5G band will attenuate more when penetrating the car, thereby affecting the communication quality of high-speed rail users in the car. The zigzag base station layout and the non-zigzag base station layout on the high-speed rail will also affect the coverage effect. For example, the zigzag base station layout can better cope with the signal challenges brought by complex terrain and high-speed movement by increasing the signal coverage angle between base stations, while the non-zigzag base station layout (such as a straight line layout) has better coverage when the terrain is relatively simple.

[0129] A model may be constructed by comprehensively considering multiple influencing factors or selecting several influencing factors with higher importance, for example, a perception evaluation score function model is used to calculate the perception benefit score of the coverage area of ​​the base station and the adjacent base station under the beam power combination. The coverage area of ​​the base station and the adjacent base station may include a first coverage area corresponding to the first antenna of the base station and a second coverage area corresponding to the antenna of the adjacent base station having an overlapping coverage area with the first coverage area.

[0130] The perceived benefit score is used to quantitatively evaluate the satisfaction of high-speed rail line users with the communication quality of the base station and the adjacent base stations under the current beam power configuration. The value range of the perceived benefit score can be pre-set, for example, the value range is 0 to 100 points. The larger the value, the more satisfied the user is with the communication quality.

[0131] By constructing a model using a variety of performance indicators that affect communication quality, the optimal configuration of beam power can be achieved, and the overall performance of the network can be effectively improved in the complex communication environment of the high-speed rail line. Specifically: a variety of performance indicators and scoring functions corresponding to the various performance indicators are obtained, where the various performance indicators include various indicators that reflect the communication quality of the high-speed rail line; the scores of the corresponding performance indicators are calculated using the scoring functions, and the loss rate of the performance indicators is determined according to the scores; the weights of the performance indicators are determined according to the loss rate of the performance indicators; a perception evaluation scoring function model is constructed using a variety of performance indicators, the scoring functions corresponding to the various performance indicators, and the weights corresponding to the various performance indicators; the perception evaluation scoring function model is used to calculate the perception benefit scores of the coverage areas of the base station and the adjacent base stations under the beam power combination.

[0132] The performance indicator may be information reported by high-speed rail users, including at least one of the following: signal coverage (MR coverage), channel quality indicator (CQI), signal strength (RSRP), signal interference (SINR), data transmission rate, etc. The score function corresponding to the performance indicator is a function determined according to the characteristics of the performance indicator, such as a linear function, a logarithmic function, an exponential function, etc., which is used to express the relationship between the performance indicator and the score.

[0133] Due to the complexity of high-speed rail lines, the communication quality along the high-speed rail lines will be different in different time periods (such as morning and evening peak hours, off-peak hours), due to changes in the number of users, train types, and environmental conditions (such as weather and terrain). In order to more accurately identify and solve the problem of poor communication quality in a specific time period, a dynamic tuning mechanism can be adopted, that is, dynamically adjusting the weights used to reflect the importance of performance indicators in the quality difference system. In some embodiments, the weight of the performance indicator in a specific time period can be calculated using the loss rate in a specific time period. The loss rate reflects the degree to which a certain performance indicator is lower than the expected level in a specific time period. The higher the loss rate, the poorer the performance of this indicator in the time period, and the greater the impact on user perception, and the higher the weight can be assigned to the performance indicator.

[0134] In an optional embodiment, when the score ranges from 0 to 100, the weight of the performance indicator can be calculated by the following formula:

[0135]

[0136] Among them, ρ is the weight of the performance indicator, μ is the average score of the performance indicator in all high-speed rail communities, 100-μ is the loss rate of the performance indicator, and the sum of the loss rates of all indicators is 100.

[0137] The perception model evaluation score function model is used to calculate the perception benefit score. In some embodiments, the model can be constructed as follows:

[0138]

[0139] Among them, C is the perceived benefit score, x, y, z, ε are multiple performance indicator vectors, ξ(x), ψ(y), ρ(ε) is the score function corresponding to the various performance indicator vectors, and α, β, γ, and δ are the weights corresponding to the various performance indicator vectors. For example, x, y, z, and ε can be MR coverage, CQI, RSRP, and SINR, respectively, and ξ(x), ψ(y), ρ(ε) is the scoring function of MR coverage, CQI, RSRP and SINR, and α, β, γ and δ are the weights of MR coverage, CQI, RSRP and SINR, respectively.

[0140] In order to ensure that the perceived benefit score calculated based on the performance index is the score within the coverage area of ​​the base station and the adjacent base stations, a perceived evaluation score function model can be constructed in combination with positioning information, and the positioning information can be obtained according to the measurement report (MR) positioning algorithm, etc. In some embodiments, the positioning information can be used to associate the performance index of the high-speed rail user at a specific location. For example, the real-time location information of the user is obtained by using the high-speed rail user MR (measurement report) positioning algorithm, and the performance index of the user at the location is collected at the same time, and the positioning information of each user is matched with the corresponding performance index to form a performance data set with a location tag. The data set is used for the above-mentioned perception model evaluation score function model to match the performance index with the actual location of the user, thereby providing a specific location reference for the performance evaluation within the coverage interval.

[0141] Fig.10 is a schematic diagram of a beam optimization method according to an embodiment of the present application, such as Fig.10As shown, multi-beam (i.e., beam corresponding to each coverage sub-area) optimization can be performed based on the site azimuth (i.e., azimuth of the base station antenna), downtilt (i.e., downtilt of the base station antenna) configuration, station spacing, station track gauge, antenna height and other engineering parameter data of the high-speed rail and the base stations along the line. For example, the azimuth, horizontal beam width, downtilt, and vertical beam width 4-tuple are determined. This step performs three-dimensional modeling from both horizontal and vertical levels, making full use of the advantages of Massive MIMO narrow beam directional coverage, horizontally cutting the coverage area, and each of the multiple beams performs its own function, and finally obtaining the vertical and horizontal high-speed rail scene beam optimization scheme. At the same time, the power combination of the coverage interval site (i.e., base station) is optimized under the consideration of factors affecting the beam power configuration, such as the penetration loss of different trains and the base station layout. The four-tuple determined by the beam optimization and the user-perceived benefit score are combined to evaluate the high-speed rail user-perceived benefit scores under different power combinations and different beam styles, and determine the beam optimization scheme, for example, to determine the five-tuple of beam power, azimuth, horizontal beam width, downtilt angle, and vertical beam width. This step does not require on-site testing, and can be implemented and evaluated remotely, with low technical implementation complexity.

[0142] Fig.11 is a structural diagram of a beam optimization device according to an embodiment of the present application, such as Fig.11 As shown, the device comprises:

[0143] An acquisition module 1100 is used to acquire the engineering parameter data of the high-speed railway line, wherein the engineering parameter data is at least used to represent the setting information of the base stations along the high-speed railway line;

[0144] The first processing module 1102 is used to determine the coverage area of ​​the first antenna of the base station according to the engineering parameter data, and divide the coverage area into multiple coverage sub-areas, wherein the multiple coverage sub-areas are sub-areas covered by the beam in different time periods;

[0145] The second processing module 1104 is used to determine the starting position and the ending position of the beam corresponding to each coverage sub-area;

[0146] The determination module 1106 is used to determine the beam pattern parameters of the beam in each coverage sub-area according to the engineering parameter data and the starting position and the ending position of the beam.

[0147] In the first processing module in the above-mentioned beam optimization device, the first processing module is also used to obtain the intersection of vertical lines from the first antenna to the extension direction of the high-speed railway line, and use the position of the intersection of the vertical lines as the starting position of the coverage area; determine the first distance between the starting position of the coverage area and the midpoint position of the base station and the first adjacent base station of the base station, wherein the first adjacent base station includes a base station whose coverage area overlaps with the coverage area of ​​the first antenna; obtain the inter-zone switching parameters of the base station and the first adjacent base station, and determine the transition zone and switching zone of the base station according to the inter-zone switching parameters, wherein the transition zone includes the area from the position where the level of the base station is equal to the level of the first adjacent base station to the position where the level of the base station meets the cell switching level, and the switching zone includes the area where the base station and the first adjacent base station perform cell switching; sum the first distance, the distance corresponding to the transition zone, and the distance corresponding to the switching zone to obtain the second distance of the coverage area; determine the end position of the coverage area according to the starting position and the second distance.

[0148] In the above-mentioned beam optimization device, the engineering parameter data include: the incident angle of the first antenna; determining the beam pattern parameters of the beam in each coverage sub-area based on the engineering parameter data and the starting position and ending position of the beam, including: determining the horizontal half-power angle of the first antenna based on the starting position and ending position of the beam; calculating the range of the horizontal beam width based on the horizontal half-power angle and the incident angle; and determining the first horizontal beam width in the beam pattern parameters from the range of the horizontal beam width.

[0149] In the determination module in the above-mentioned beam optimization device, the determination module is also used to obtain a first vertical distance from the first antenna of the base station to the extension direction of the high-speed railway line, a first horizontal distance from the first antenna of the base station to the starting position of the beam, and a second horizontal distance from the first antenna of the base station to the ending position of the beam; calculate a first angle based on the first vertical distance and the first horizontal distance, wherein the first angle includes the angle of the head of the train running on the high-speed railway line covered by the beam; calculate a second angle based on the first vertical distance and the second horizontal distance, wherein the second angle includes the angle of the tail of the train running on the high-speed railway line covered by the beam; determine the horizontal half-power angle through the first angle and the second angle.

[0150] In the determination module in the above-mentioned beam optimization device, the determination module is further used to determine the beam azimuth angle in the beam pattern parameters according to the first angle and the first horizontal beam width.

[0151] In the determination module in the above-mentioned beam optimization device, the engineering parameter data include: the downtilt angle of the first antenna; determining the beam style parameters of the beam in each coverage sub-area based on the engineering parameter data and the starting position and ending position of the beam, including: determining the vertical half-power angle of the first antenna based on the starting position and ending position of the beam; calculating the range of the vertical beam width based on the vertical half-power angle and the downtilt angle; determining the first vertical beam width in the beam style parameters from the range of the vertical beam width.

[0152] In the determination module in the above-mentioned beam optimization device, the determination module is also used to obtain the second vertical distance from the first antenna to the extension direction of the high-speed rail line, the first antenna height, the first altitude of the starting position of the beam, and the second altitude of the ending position of the beam; calculate the third angle based on the second vertical distance, the first antenna height and the first altitude, wherein the third angle includes the angle of the bottom of the train running on the high-speed rail line covered by the beam; calculate the fourth angle based on the second vertical distance, the first antenna height and the second altitude, wherein the fourth angle includes the angle of the top of the train running on the high-speed rail line covered by the beam; determine the vertical half-power angle through the third angle and the fourth angle.

[0153] In the determination module in the above-mentioned beam optimization device, the determination module is further used to determine the beam downtilt angle in the beam pattern parameters according to the third angle and the first vertical beam width.

[0154] In the determination module in the above-mentioned beam optimization device, the determination module is also used to obtain any beam power combination in the set of beam power combinations between any two adjacent base stations in the high-speed rail line; determine the first beam power in the beam power combination as the beam power of the base station, and the second beam power in the target beam power combination as the beam power of the adjacent base station of the base station; calculate the perceived benefit score of the coverage area of ​​the base station and the adjacent base station under the beam power combination, wherein the perceived benefit score is used to quantitatively evaluate the satisfaction of high-speed rail line users with the communication quality under the beam power combination; determine the target beam power combination of the base station and the adjacent base station according to the perceived benefit score.

[0155] In the determination module in the above-mentioned beam optimization device, the determination module is also used to obtain multiple performance indicators and scoring functions corresponding to the multiple performance indicators, wherein the multiple performance indicators include multiple indicators reflecting the communication quality of the high-speed rail line; use the scoring function to calculate the score of the corresponding performance indicator, and determine the loss rate of the performance indicator according to the score; determine the weight of the performance indicator according to the loss rate of the performance indicator; use multiple performance indicators, the scoring functions corresponding to the multiple performance indicators, and the weights corresponding to the multiple performance indicators to construct a perception evaluation scoring function model; use the perception evaluation scoring function model to calculate the perception benefit score of the coverage area of ​​the base station and the adjacent base station under the beam power combination.

[0156] It should be noted that Fig.11 The beam optimization device shown is used to perform Figure 2 The beam optimization method shown is Figure 2 The explanations of the beam optimization method in also apply to Fig.11 The beam optimization device shown will not be described in detail here.

[0157] An embodiment of the present application further provides an electronic device, which includes a memory and a processor, wherein the memory is used to store program instructions; the processor is connected to the memory and is used to execute the steps of the beam optimization method in each embodiment of the present application.

[0158] For example, the processor performs the following functions by executing program instructions stored in the memory:

[0159] Obtaining engineering parameter data of the high-speed rail line, wherein the engineering parameter data is at least used to represent the setting information of the base stations along the high-speed rail line; determining the coverage area of ​​the first antenna of the base station based on the engineering parameter data, and dividing the coverage area into a plurality of coverage sub-areas, wherein the plurality of coverage sub-areas are sub-areas respectively covered by the beam in different time periods; determining the starting position and the ending position of the beam corresponding to each coverage sub-area; determining the beam style parameters of the beam in each coverage sub-area based on the engineering parameter data and the starting position and the ending position of the beam.

[0160] An embodiment of the present application further provides a non-volatile storage medium, which includes a stored computer program, wherein the device where the non-volatile storage medium is located executes the steps of the beam optimization method in each embodiment of the present application by running the computer program.

[0161] An embodiment of the present application further provides a computer program product, including computer instructions, which, when executed by a processor, implement the steps of the beam optimization method in each embodiment of the present application.

[0162] An embodiment of the present application further provides a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the beam optimization method in each embodiment of the present application.

[0163] The serial numbers of the above-mentioned embodiments of the present application are for description only and do not represent the advantages or disadvantages of the embodiments.

[0164] In the above embodiments of the present application, the description of each embodiment has its own emphasis. For parts that are not described in detail in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant description of other embodiments.

[0165] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed technical content can be implemented in other ways. Among them, the device embodiments described above are only schematic. For example, the division of the units can be a logical function division. There may be other division methods in actual implementation. For example, multiple units or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. Another point is that the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed can be through some interfaces, indirect coupling or communication connection of units or modules, which can be electrical or other forms.

[0166] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place or distributed on multiple units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the present embodiment.

[0167] In addition, each functional unit in each embodiment of the present application may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist physically separately, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit. The above-mentioned integrated unit may be implemented in the form of hardware or in the form of software functional units.

[0168] If the integrated unit is implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present application, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art or all or part of the technical solution can be embodied in the form of a software product, and the computer software product is stored in a storage medium, including a number of instructions to enable a computer device (which can be a personal computer, a server or a network device, etc.) to perform all or part of the steps of the method described in each embodiment of the present application. The aforementioned storage medium includes: U disk, read-only memory (ROM, Read-Only Memory), random access memory (RAM, Random Access Memory), mobile hard disk, disk or optical disk and other media that can store program codes.

[0169] The above is only a preferred implementation of the present application. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the present application. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A beam optimization method, characterized in that: include: Acquire engineering parameter data of a high-speed railway line, wherein the engineering parameter data is at least used to represent setting information of base stations along the high-speed railway line; Determine the coverage area of ​​the first antenna of the base station according to the engineering parameter data, and divide the coverage area into a plurality of coverage sub-areas, wherein the plurality of coverage sub-areas are sub-areas respectively covered by the beam in different time periods; Determine the starting position and the ending position of the beam corresponding to each coverage sub-area respectively; The beam pattern parameters of the beam in each coverage sub-area are determined according to the engineering parameter data and the starting position and the ending position of the beam.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that Determining the coverage area of ​​the first antenna of the base station according to the engineering parameter data includes: Obtaining an intersection of vertical lines from the first antenna to the extension direction of the high-speed railway line, and taking the position of the intersection of the vertical lines as the starting position of the coverage area; Determine a first distance between a starting position of the coverage area and a midpoint between the base station and a first adjacent base station of the base station, wherein the first adjacent base station includes a base station having an overlapping coverage area with the coverage area of ​​the first antenna; Acquire handover parameters between the base station and the first neighboring base station, and determine a transition zone and a handover zone of the base station according to the handover parameters, wherein the transition zone includes a zone from a position where the level of the base station is equal to that of the first neighboring base station to a position where the level of the base station meets the cell handover level, and the handover zone includes a zone where the base station and the first neighboring base station perform cell handover; Performing a sum operation on the first distance, the distance corresponding to the transition area, and the distance corresponding to the switching area to obtain a second distance of the coverage area; An end position of the coverage area is determined according to the start position and the second distance.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The engineering parameter data includes: an incident angle of the first antenna; determining a beam pattern parameter of the beam in each coverage sub-area according to the engineering parameter data and a starting position and an ending position of the beam, including: Determine a horizontal half power angle of the first antenna according to a starting position and an ending position of the beam; Calculating a range of a horizontal beam width according to the horizontal half power angle and the incident angle; A first horizontal beam width among the pattern parameters of the beam is determined from within the range of the horizontal beam widths.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that Determining a horizontal half-power angle of the first antenna according to a starting position and an ending position of the beam includes: Acquire a first vertical distance from the first antenna of the base station to the extension direction of the high-speed railway line, a first horizontal distance from the first antenna of the base station to the starting position of the beam, and a second horizontal distance from the first antenna of the base station to the ending position of the beam; Calculating a first angle according to the first vertical distance and the first horizontal distance, wherein the first angle includes an angle at which the beam covers the head of a train running on the high-speed railway line; Calculating a second angle according to the first vertical distance and the second horizontal distance, wherein the second angle includes an angle at which the beam covers the rear of a train running on the high-speed railway line; The horizontal half power angle is determined by the first angle and the second angle.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that A beam azimuth angle in the pattern parameters of the beam is determined according to the first angle and the first horizontal beam width.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The engineering parameter data includes: a downtilt angle of the first antenna; determining a beam pattern parameter of the beam in each coverage sub-area according to the engineering parameter data and a starting position and an ending position of the beam, including: Determining a vertical half-power angle of the first antenna according to a starting position and an ending position of the beam; Calculating a range of a vertical beam width according to the vertical half power angle and the downtilt angle; A first vertical beam width in the pattern parameters of the beam is determined from within the range of vertical beam widths.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that Determining a vertical half-power angle of the first antenna according to a starting position and an ending position of the beam includes: Obtaining a second vertical distance from the first antenna to the extension direction of the high-speed railway line, the height of the first antenna, a first altitude of the starting position of the beam, and a second altitude of the ending position of the beam; Calculating a third angle according to the second vertical distance, the first antenna height, and the first altitude, wherein the third angle includes an angle at which the beam covers the bottom of a train running on the high-speed railway line; Calculating a fourth angle according to the second vertical distance, the first antenna height, and the second altitude, wherein the fourth angle includes an angle at which the beam covers the top of a train running on the high-speed rail line; The vertical half-power angle is determined by the third angle and the fourth angle.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that A beam downtilt angle in the beam pattern parameters is determined according to the third angle and the first vertical beam width.

9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: After determining the beam pattern parameters of the beam in each coverage sub-area according to the engineering parameter data and the starting position and the ending position of the beam, the method further includes: Obtain any one beam power combination in a set of beam power combinations between any two adjacent base stations in the high-speed railway line; Determine that a first beam power in the beam power combination is the beam power of the base station, and a second beam power in the beam power combination is the beam power of a base station adjacent to the base station; Calculating the perceived benefit scores of the coverage areas of the base station and the adjacent base stations under the beam power combination, wherein the perceived benefit scores are used to quantitatively evaluate the satisfaction of the high-speed rail line users with the communication quality under the beam power combination; A target beam power combination of the base station and the neighboring base station is determined according to the perceived benefit score.

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that Calculating the perceived benefit scores of the coverage areas of the base station and the neighboring base stations under the beam power combination includes: Acquire multiple performance indicators and score functions corresponding to the multiple performance indicators, wherein the multiple performance indicators include multiple indicators reflecting the communication quality of the high-speed railway line; Calculating the score of the corresponding performance indicator using the score function, and determining the score loss rate of the performance indicator according to the score; Determining the weight of the performance indicator according to the loss rate of the performance indicator; Constructing a perception evaluation score function model using the multiple performance indicators, the score functions corresponding to the multiple performance indicators, and the weights corresponding to the multiple performance indicators; The perception evaluation score function model is used to calculate the perception benefit score of the coverage area of ​​the base station and the adjacent base stations under the beam power combination.

11. A beam optimization device, characterized in that: include: An acquisition module, used to acquire the engineering parameter data of the high-speed railway line, wherein the engineering parameter data is at least used to represent the setting information of the base stations along the high-speed railway line; A first processing module is used to determine the coverage area of ​​the first antenna of the base station according to the engineering parameter data, and divide the coverage area into a plurality of coverage sub-areas, wherein the plurality of coverage sub-areas are sub-areas respectively covered by the beam in different time periods; A second processing module is used to determine the starting position and the ending position of the beam corresponding to each coverage sub-area; A determination module is used to determine the beam pattern parameters of the beam in each coverage sub-area according to the engineering parameter data and the starting position and the ending position of the beam.

12. An electronic device, characterized in that: include: A memory and a processor, wherein the memory is used to store program instructions; the processor is connected to the memory and is used to execute the beam optimization method described in any one of claims 1 to 10.

13. A non-volatile storage medium, characterized in that: The non-volatile storage medium includes a stored computer program, wherein the device where the non-volatile storage medium is located executes the beam optimization method described in any one of claims 1 to 10 by running the computer program.

14. A computer program product comprising computer instructions, characterized in that When the computer instructions are executed by a processor, the beam optimization method described in any one of claims 1 to 10 is implemented.

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