Prevention and treatment method for apple tree bark rot

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of fruit tree disease control, and particularly relates to an apple tree bark canker control method which comprises the following steps: S1, scraping treatment: scraping barks in a canker disease area on an apple tree, and then spraying a bactericide on the apple tree; s2, branches are bridged, and healthy branches are selected to cross the disease area to form bridged branches; s3, with the distance between the two ends of the bridging branches as the height, applying the pesticide mud along the circumference of the apple tree; s4, the medicine mud and the branches are wound and wrapped with a plastic film, and an outer layer film is formed; and S5, the medicine mud is updated every 1-3 months. According to the method, the periphery of the diseased area is smeared with the medicinal mud, the medicinal mud is used for forming slow release on the bactericide, the diseased area of the apple tree is in the environment wrapped by the bactericide for a long time, the diseased area of the apple tree is treated, and diffusion of valsa ceratosperma is hindered.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of fruit tree disease prevention and control, and particularly relates to a method for preventing and controlling apple tree bark rot. Background Art

[0002] Apple bark rot is a disease caused by the infection of the black rot fungus Apple, which can cause the overall tree vigor to wither, the trunk and branches to wither and die, and finally the entire apple tree to die.

[0003] Currently, the conventional treatment for apple bark rot is to scrape the bark in the affected area and then apply fungicide for treatment. However, the treatment of the rot requires a certain period of time. During the treatment process, the rot will spread to the surrounding area of ​​the affected area, causing large areas of apple trees to be infected by the bacteria, thereby seriously affecting the yield of apple trees. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention provides a method for preventing and controlling bark rot of apple trees, which adopts medicinal mud to smear the circle around the diseased area, and utilizes the medicinal mud to form a slow-release fungicide, so that the diseased area of ​​the apple tree is in an environment covered by the fungicide for a long time, thereby treating the diseased area of ​​the apple tree and hindering the spread of rot bacteria.

[0005] The specific technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0006] A method for preventing and treating apple tree bark rot disease comprises the following steps:

[0007] S1. Scrape the bark of the apple tree where the rot occurs until the wood, then dilute the fungicide 800-1000 times and spray it on the affected area and the surrounding area of ​​the apple tree;

[0008] S2. Bridging branches: Select healthy branches and cut both ends of the branches into wedge tips. Then cut notches matching the wedge tips of the branches on the upper and lower sides of the diseased area of ​​the apple tree. Insert the wedge tips at both ends of the branches into the notches on the upper and lower sides of the diseased area, and the branches span the diseased area.

[0009] S3. Apply the mud along the circumference of the apple tree, taking the distance between the two ends of the bridge branch as the height;

[0010] S4, wrapping the medicinal mud and branches with a plastic film to form an outer film;

[0011] S5. Update the medicinal mud every 80-100 days.

[0012] The bactericide is manebendazole with a mass concentration of 45% or carbendazim with a mass concentration of 50%.

[0013] The preparation method of the medicinal mud comprises the following steps:

[0014] A. Soil disinfection: Take soil from the land near the apple trees without rot, crush the soil and pass it through a 2-3mm sieve to remove debris from the soil, then expose the soil to the sun for 5-7 days, turning the soil every day during the exposure period;

[0015] B. After soil disinfection, add 0.2-0.3 weight parts of water, 0.02-0.03 weight parts of straw powder, 0.0001-0.0002 weight parts of fungicide, and 0.002-0.003 weight parts of rice vinegar to each weight part of soil, and stir to form a muddy medicinal mud;

[0016] The acetic acid content of the rice vinegar is 3.5g / 100ml-5g / 100ml.

[0017] The updating of the medicinal mud is replacing the medicinal mud, and includes the following steps:

[0018] S511, unravel the outer film, scrape off the ineffective medicinal mud on the apple tree, and then re-apply new medicinal mud on the apple tree;

[0019] S512. Use plastic film to wrap the medicinal mud and branches.

[0020] The updating of the medicinal mud is to supplement the medicinal mud with new bactericide, and step S4 also includes the following steps:

[0021] S401, wrapping the medicinal mud with a plastic film to form an inner film, punching holes on the surface of the inner film located in the diseased area to form penetration holes, and the inner film passes through the gap between the tree branch and the diseased area when wrapped;

[0022] S402, wrapping the inner layer film and the branches with a plastic film to form an outer layer film.

[0023] The branches are arched, the medicinal mud and the inner film pass through the gap between the branches and the diseased area, a gap is left between the inner film and the branches to form a tonic chamber, and the tonic chamber is filled with a slow-release sponge.

[0024] The method of supplementing the medicinal mud with new bactericide comprises the following steps:

[0025] S521, using an injection syringe to replenish the medicine, dilute the fungicide 1600-2000 times and inject it into the cavity of the injection syringe, then insert the needle of the injection syringe through the outer membrane and into the sustained-release sponge, inject the fungicide in the cavity into the sustained-release sponge and complete the replenishment of the medicine;

[0026] S522. Pull out the needle, and then use adhesive tape to seal the needle hole on the surface of the outer membrane.

[0027] The method of supplementing the medicinal mud with new bactericide comprises the following steps:

[0028] S531, a tonic tube is also placed in the tonic chamber, the output end of the tonic tube is located in the tonic chamber and is attached to the sustained-release sponge, and the input end of the tonic tube is exposed to the outside of the outer membrane;

[0029] S532, after diluting the fungicide 1600-2000 times, pour it into the input end of the medicine supplement tube to complete the medicine supplement. The slow-release sponge absorbs the fungicide and slowly releases the fungicide into the medicine mud along the permeation holes of the inner membrane.

[0030] The input end of the medicine replenishing tube is provided with a sealing plug, which is pulled out when replenishing medicine, and the input end of the medicine replenishing tube is re-sealed with the help of the sealing plug after replenishing medicine.

[0031] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0032] 1. The prevention and control method of the present invention firstly scrapes the bark of the diseased area and applies medicine. Since the rot disease requires a certain treatment period and the rot disease is prone to recurrence, the present invention also bridges the apple tree and uses healthy branches to cross the diseased area to ensure that during the treatment period after the apple tree develops rot disease, nutrients are absorbed along the bridge branches, thereby not affecting the yield of apples; secondly, the present invention adopts the method of applying medicinal mud around the diseased area. The medicinal mud is not only sticky and can be well attached to the apple tree, but also has a certain sustained release effect, so that the diseased area of ​​the apple tree is in an environment wrapped by the fungicide for a long time. In addition, the rot bacteria are aerobic bacteria, so the plastic film is used to wrap the diseased area to form an oxygen-deficient environment, which promotes the extinction of the rot bacteria and is beneficial to the prevention and control of the rot disease.

[0033] 2. The present invention is provided with an inner film, and a slow-release sponge is provided between the inner film and the outer film. Since the skin of the apple tree is scraped off and the bridge part has not healed in a short time, it is necessary to reduce the contact between the exposed area of ​​the apple tree and the external environment. When new fungicide is added to the medicinal mud, it can be ensured that the exposed area of ​​the apple tree is always covered. At the same time, the slow-release sponge can absorb the fungicide and use capillary action to slowly transfer the fungicide stored in the slow-release sponge along the penetration hole into the medicinal mud, and ensure that the medicinal mud is always in a state of having an appropriate amount of fungicide, thereby avoiding chemical burns caused by excessive fungicide in the medicinal mud. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the apple tree prevention and control area structure of specific embodiment 1;

[0035] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the apple tree prevention and control area structure of specific embodiment 2;

[0036] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the apple tree prevention and control area structure of specific embodiment 3;

[0037] In the attached drawings, 1. branches, 2. medicinal mud, 3. outer membrane, 4. inner membrane, 5. carrier sponge, 6. penetration holes, 7. diseased area, 8. tonic tube, and 9. sealing plug. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. Specific embodiment 1

[0040] A method for preventing and treating apple tree bark rot disease comprises the following steps:

[0041] S1, scraping treatment, scraping the bark of the apple tree where the rot disease occurs 7 until the wood, and then diluting the fungicide 800-1000 times and spraying it on the apple tree and the surrounding area;

[0042] S2, bridging branch 1, select healthy branch 1 and cut both ends of branch 1 into wedge tips, then cut notches matching the wedge tips of branch 1 on the upper and lower sides of the diseased area 7 of the apple tree, and respectively plug the wedge tips at both ends of branch 1 into the notches on the upper and lower sides of the diseased area 7, so that branch 1 spans the diseased area 7;

[0043] S3, using the distance between the two ends of the bridge branch 1 as the height, apply the medicinal mud 2 along the circumference of the apple tree;

[0044] The two ends of the bridging branch 1 are 3-5 cm away from the edge of the adjacent diseased area 7 .

[0045] S4, wrapping the medicinal mud 2 and the branch 1 with a plastic film to form an outer film 3;

[0046] S5. Update the medicinal mud 2 every 80-100 days.

[0047] In order to prevent the apple tree rot disease from spreading from the affected area 7 to the surrounding areas, the present invention applies medicinal mud 2 around the affected area 7 for prevention and control, thereby preventing the spread of the apple tree rot disease.

[0048] The prevention and control method of the present invention first scrapes the bark of the diseased area 7 and applies medicine. Since the rot disease requires a certain treatment period and the rot disease is prone to recurrence, the present invention also bridges the apple tree and uses healthy branches 1 to cross the diseased area 7 to ensure that during the treatment period after the apple tree develops rot disease, nutrients are absorbed along the bridge branches, thereby not affecting the yield of apples; secondly, the present invention adopts the method of medicinal mud 2 to smear the circumference of the diseased area 7. The medicinal mud 2 is not only sticky and can be well attached to the apple tree, but also has a certain sustained release effect, so that the diseased area 7 of the apple tree is in an environment wrapped by the fungicide for a long time, thereby treating the diseased area 7 of the apple tree and hindering the spread of rot bacteria. In addition, the rot bacteria are aerobic bacteria, so the diseased area 7 is wrapped with a plastic film to form an anaerobic environment, which promotes the extinction of the rot bacteria and is beneficial to the prevention and control of rot diseases.

[0049] In addition, since the fungicide in the medicinal mud 2 is continuously consumed, it is necessary to regularly replenish the fungicide to prevent and control rot.

[0050] The bactericide is manebendazole with a mass concentration of 45% or carbendazim with a mass concentration of 50%.

[0051] The preparation method of the medicinal mud 2 comprises the following steps:

[0052] A. Soil disinfection: Take soil from the land near the apple trees without rot, crush the soil and pass it through a 2-3mm sieve to remove debris from the soil, then expose the soil to the sun for 5-7 days, turning the soil every day during the exposure period;

[0053] B. After soil disinfection, add 0.2-0.3 parts by weight of water, 0.02-0.03 parts by weight of straw powder, 0.0001-0.0002 parts by weight of fungicide, and 0.002-0.003 parts by weight of rice vinegar to each part by weight of the soil, and stir evenly to form a muddy medicinal mud 2;

[0054] The acetic acid content of the rice vinegar is 3.5g / 100ml-5g / 100ml.

[0055] The soil used for the medicinal mud 2 needs to be disinfected to eliminate residual pathogens in the soil. The straw in the medicinal mud 2 serves as a structural skeleton to ensure that the medicinal mud 2 is clumping. At the same time, the straw also has certain water retention and slow release properties, ensuring that the fungicide and rice vinegar continue to exert their effects for a long time.

[0056] The updating of the medicinal mud 2 is replacing the medicinal mud 2, and includes the following steps:

[0057] S511, unwind the outer film 3, scrape off the ineffective medicinal mud 2 on the apple tree, and then re-apply new medicinal mud 2 on the apple tree;

[0058] S512, wrapping the medicinal mud 2 and the branch 1 with a plastic film. Specific embodiment 2

[0060] In the specific embodiment 2, the medicinal mud 2 is updated to supplement the medicinal mud 2 with new fungicide. When the medicinal mud 2 is updated to supplement the medicinal mud 2 with new fungicide, the step S4 of the prevention and control method further includes the following steps:

[0061] S401, using a plastic film to wrap the medicinal mud 2 to form an inner film 4, punching holes on the surface of the inner film 4 located at the diseased area 7 to form penetration holes 6, and the inner film 4 passes through the gap between the branch 1 and the diseased area 7 when wrapped;

[0062] S402 , wrapping the inner layer film 4 and the branch 1 with a plastic film to form an outer layer film 3 .

[0063] The branch 1 is arched, and the medicinal mud 2 and the inner film 4 pass through the gap between the branch 1 and the diseased area 7. A gap is left between the inner film 4 and the branch 1 to form a tonic chamber, which is filled with a slow-release sponge.

[0064] When the medicinal mud 2 is updated to supplement the medicinal mud 2 with new fungicide, a new step needs to be added in step S4 to form an inner film 4. At the same time, a slow-release sponge is arranged between the inner film 4 and the outer film 3. Since the skin of the apple tree is scraped off and the bridging part has not healed in a short time, it is necessary to reduce the contact between the exposed area of ​​the apple tree and the external environment. When the medicinal mud 2 is supplemented with new fungicide, it can be ensured that the exposed area of ​​the apple tree is always covered. At the same time, the slow-release sponge can absorb the fungicide and use capillary action to slowly transfer the fungicide stored in the slow-release sponge along the permeation hole 6 to the medicinal mud 2, and ensure that the medicinal mud 2 is always in a state of having an appropriate amount of fungicide, thereby avoiding chemical burns caused by excessive fungicide in the medicinal mud 2.

[0065] In addition, since the disease in the diseased area 7 is more serious, the supplementary fungicide is concentrated in the medicinal mud 2 in the diseased area 7 with the help of the infiltration hole 6 and treatment is carried out. At the same time, since there are pores inside the medicinal mud 2, the fungicide concentrated in the diseased area 7 will be distributed in small amounts around the diseased area 7 along the pores in the medicinal mud 2 and play a preventive and therapeutic effect.

[0066] The method of supplementing the medicinal mud 2 with new bactericide comprises the following steps:

[0067] S521, using a syringe to replenish the medicine, dilute the bactericide 1600-2000 times and inject it into the cavity of the syringe, then insert the needle of the syringe through the outer membrane 3 and the inner membrane 4 and into the medicine mud 2, inject the bactericide in the cavity into the medicine mud 2 and complete the replenishment of the medicine;

[0068] S522, pull out the needle, and then use adhesive tape to seal the needle hole on the surface of the outer membrane 3.

[0069] In this specific embodiment, the sustained-release sponge is replenished with medicine by syringe injection. This method is convenient and quick to operate. It is only necessary to seal the needle hole with adhesive tape at the end to restore the hypoxic environment. Specific embodiment 3

[0071] The difference between Specific Embodiment 3 and Specific Embodiment 2 is only that the method of supplementing the bactericide to the medicinal mud 2 is different.

[0072] The method of supplementing the medicinal mud 2 with new bactericide comprises the following steps:

[0073] S531, placing a slow-release sponge and a tonic tube 8 in the tonic chamber, wherein the output end of the tonic tube 8 is located in the tonic chamber and is attached to the slow-release sponge, and the input end of the tonic tube 8 is exposed to the outside of the outer membrane 3;

[0074] S532, after diluting the bactericide 1600-2000 times, pour it into the input end of the tonic tube 8 to complete the tonic. The slow-release sponge absorbs the bactericide and slowly releases the bactericide into the medicinal mud 2 along the permeation holes 6 of the inner membrane 4.

[0075] The input end of the medicine tonic tube 8 is provided with a sealing plug 9. When the medicine tonic is being replenished, the sealing plug 9 is pulled out. When the medicine tonic is completed, the input end of the medicine tonic tube 8 is re-sealed with the help of the sealing plug 9.

[0076] In this specific embodiment, the bactericide is introduced by the tonic tube 8 without damaging the outer membrane 3. At the same time, the sealing plug 9 can ensure the sealing of the internal environment of the tonic chamber to prevent the entry of oxygen and promote the growth of decay bacteria.

Claims

1. A method for preventing and treating apple tree bark rot, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Scrape the bark of the apple tree where the rot occurs until the wood, then dilute the fungicide 800-1000 times and spray it on the affected area and the surrounding area of ​​the apple tree; S2. Bridging branches: Select healthy branches and cut both ends of the branches into wedge tips. Then cut notches matching the wedge tips of the branches on the upper and lower sides of the diseased area of ​​the apple tree. Insert the wedge tips at both ends of the branches into the notches on the upper and lower sides of the diseased area, and the branches span the diseased area. S3. Apply the mud along the circumference of the apple tree, taking the distance between the two ends of the bridge branch as the height; S4, wrapping the medicinal mud and branches with a plastic film to form an outer film; S5. Update the medicinal mud every 80-100 days.

2. The method for preventing and treating apple bark rot according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bactericide is manebendazole with a mass concentration of 45% or carbendazim with a mass concentration of 50%.

3. The method for preventing and treating apple bark rot according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the medicinal mud comprises the following steps: A. Soil disinfection: Take soil from the land near the apple trees without rot, crush the soil and pass it through a 2-3mm sieve to remove debris from the soil, then expose the soil to the sun for 5-7 days, turning the soil every day during the exposure period; B. After soil disinfection, add 0.2-0.3 weight parts of water, 0.02-0.03 weight parts of straw powder, 0.0001-0.0002 weight parts of fungicide, and 0.002-0.003 weight parts of rice vinegar to each weight part of soil, and stir to form a muddy medicinal mud; The acetic acid content of the rice vinegar is 3.5g / 100ml-5g / 100ml.

4. The method for preventing and treating apple bark rot according to claim 1, characterized in that: The updating of the medicinal mud is replacing the medicinal mud, and includes the following steps: S511, unravel the outer film, scrape off the ineffective medicinal mud on the apple tree, and then re-apply new medicinal mud on the apple tree; S512. Use plastic film to wrap the medicinal mud and branches.

5. The method for preventing and treating apple bark rot according to claim 1, characterized in that: The updating of the medicinal mud is to supplement the medicinal mud with new bactericide, and step S4 also includes the following steps: S401, wrapping the medicinal mud with a plastic film to form an inner film, punching holes on the surface of the inner film located in the diseased area to form penetration holes, and the inner film passes through the gap between the tree branch and the diseased area when wrapped; S402, wrapping the inner layer film and the branches with a plastic film to form an outer layer film.

6. The method for preventing and treating apple bark rot according to claim 5, characterized in that: The branches are arched, the medicinal mud and the inner film pass through the gap between the branches and the diseased area, a gap is left between the inner film and the branches to form a tonic chamber, and the tonic chamber is filled with a slow-release sponge.

7. A method for preventing and treating apple bark rot according to claim 6, characterized in that: The method of supplementing the medicinal mud with new bactericide comprises the following steps: S521, using an injection syringe to replenish the medicine, dilute the fungicide 1600-2000 times and inject it into the cavity of the injection syringe, then insert the needle of the injection syringe through the outer membrane and into the sustained-release sponge, inject the fungicide in the cavity into the sustained-release sponge and complete the replenishment of the medicine; S522. Pull out the needle, and then use adhesive tape to seal the needle hole on the surface of the outer membrane.

8. The method for preventing and treating apple bark rot according to claim 6, characterized in that: The method of supplementing the medicinal mud with new bactericide comprises the following steps: S531, a tonic tube is also placed in the tonic chamber, the output end of the tonic tube is located in the tonic chamber and is attached to the sustained-release sponge, and the input end of the tonic tube is exposed to the outside of the outer membrane; S532, after diluting the fungicide 1600-2000 times, pour it into the input end of the medicine supplement tube to complete the medicine supplement. The slow-release sponge absorbs the fungicide and slowly releases the fungicide into the medicine mud along the permeation holes of the inner membrane.

9. The method for preventing and treating apple bark rot according to claim 8, characterized in that: The input end of the medicine replenishing tube is provided with a sealing plug, which is pulled out when replenishing medicine, and the input end of the medicine replenishing tube is re-sealed with the help of the sealing plug after replenishing medicine.

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