Medicine for preventing and treating polygonatum sibiricum diseases and insect pests and application thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a medicine for preventing and treating polygonatum sibiricum diseases and insect pests and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of polygonatum sibiricum disease and insect pest prevention and treatment. The medicine is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 30 to 55 percent of acalypha australis extract, 25 to 48 percent of saxifraga stolonifera extract, 8 to 15 percent of elephantopus scaber extract, 1 to 2.5 percent of methionine, 2 to 5 percent of phenylalanine and 0.1 to 2 percent of abamectin. The medicine disclosed by the invention takes natural plant extracts as main components, the components are safe, the rhizoma polygonati resistance can be enhanced, the medicine has a control effect on various rhizoma polygonati diseases and insect pests, and a new theoretical basis and an experience method are provided for the control of the rhizoma polygonati diseases and insect pests.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of prevention and treatment of diseases and pests of polygonatum, in particular to a medicine for preventing and treating diseases and pests of polygonatum and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Polygonatum sibiricum Delar.ex Redoute is a perennial herb of the Asparagaceae family and the genus Polygonatum. The fleshy rhizome can be eaten raw, which is crisp, tender, sweet and refreshing. It can also be fried, cooked in soup, steamed, made into porridge, soaked in wine, and used as a medicinal diet. It can be used as medicine after drying, and the young leaves can also be blanched and mixed into a cold dish for consumption, with high economic value.

[0003] Polygonatum is widely planted, with mature planting technology, and the yield and quality of artificially cultivated Polygonatum are guaranteed. However, compared with wild Polygonatum, the probability of artificially cultivated Polygonatum diseases and pests is relatively high. The main diseases and pests of Polygonatum include diseases such as anthrax, black spot, gray mold, and pests such as aphids, red spiders, and small cutworms. Polygonatum diseases and pests are usually precisely controlled in accordance with the basic principle of "prevention first, comprehensive prevention and control", combining a variety of technologies such as agriculture, biology and chemistry. However, such a prevention and control plan has cumbersome steps, consumes manpower and material resources, and the effect is often unsatisfactory. In addition, many chemical pesticides are highly toxic and highly residual, leading to new food safety issues. Polygonatum diseases and pests will not only cause a decrease in yield, but also affect the quality of Polygonatum, resulting in a decrease in its medicinal value. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a safe, efficient and simple method for preventing and controlling Polygonatum diseases and pests. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a drug for preventing and controlling diseases and pests of Polygonatum sibiricum and its application, so as to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art. The drug of the present invention has natural plant extracts as main components, has safe components, can enhance the resistance of Polygonatum sibiricum, has a control effect on a variety of diseases and pests of Polygonatum sibiricum, and provides a new theoretical basis and empirical method for the control of diseases and pests of Polygonatum sibiricum.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:

[0006] The invention provides a medicine for preventing and treating diseases and insect pests of polygonatum. The medicine comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 30% to 55% of amaranth extract, 25% to 48% of a saxifrage extract, 8% to 15% of a scabra extract, 1% to 2.5% of methionine, 2% to 5% of phenylalanine and 0.1% to 2% of avermectin.

[0007] Preferably, the preparation method of the Amaranthus tricolor extract comprises: mixing Amaranthus tricolor with water to obtain a slurry, adding Candida utilis and Bacillus subtilis to the slurry, fermenting to obtain a fermentation liquid; centrifuging the fermentation liquid to obtain a supernatant, and drying to obtain the Amaranthus tricolor extract.

[0008] Preferably, the mass ratio of the Amaranthus tricolor to water is 1:(5-10); the amount of the added Candida utilis is (2-5)×10 8 CFU / mL slurry; the amount of Bacillus subtilis added is (2-5)×10 6 CFU / mL slurry; the fermentation temperature is 30-38°C and the fermentation time is 48-72h.

[0009] Preferably, the method for preparing the Saxifraga extract comprises: drying and crushing the Saxifraga, mixing and extracting the Saxifraga with chloroform, concentrating the obtained extract under reduced pressure to remove chloroform, and drying to obtain the Saxifraga extract.

[0010] Preferably, the ratio of the crushed Saxifraga to chloroform is 1 g: (5-8) mL; the extraction temperature is 20-25° C., and the extraction time is 4-6 days.

[0011] Preferably, the preparation method of the extract of the Herba Lysimachiae comprises: drying and crushing the Herba Lysimachiae, mixing with water and decocting for 2 to 3 times, combining the decoctions, and taking the supernatant after centrifugation; adding methanol to the supernatant to make the final concentration of methanol 75%, filtering after standing to remove the precipitate, and drying the obtained clear liquid to obtain the Herba Lysimachiae extract.

[0012] Preferably, the mass ratio of the crushed Eleutherodactyla to water is 1:(8-12); the decoction time is 1-3h / time; the standing temperature is 4°C and the time is 24-48h.

[0013] The present invention also provides an application of the above-mentioned medicine in preventing and controlling diseases and insect pests of Polygonatum sibiricum.

[0014] Preferably, the diseases and pests of Polygonatum sibiricum include anthracnose, black spot, gray mold, leaf spot, brown spot, aphids, red spiders, cutworms, mites, and mole crickets.

[0015] Preferably, the method of using the drug is: dilute the drug 500 times, and soak the rhizomes of Polygonatum sibiricum before sowing; dilute the drug 300 times, and spray it on the leaves after Polygonatum sibiricum germinates.

[0016] The present invention discloses the following technical effects:

[0017] The invention provides a medicine for preventing and controlling diseases and insect pests of polygonatum, which takes Amaranthus tricolor extract, Saxifraga herb extract and Euphorbia cerifera extract as main ingredients, and is combined with methionine, phenylalanine and avermectin with insecticidal effect, so as to improve the resistance of polygonatum, kill bacteria and insects, and effectively prevent and control various diseases and insect pests.

[0018] The main ingredients of the invention are taken from herbaceous plants, the preparation process is simple, the raw material sources are wide, the cost is low, and it is suitable for industrial production; the ingredients are natural and safe, low in residue, and it is not easy to cause food safety problems, and the application prospect is wider; the use method of the medicine is simple, which makes the prevention and control of diseases and pests of polygonatum sibiricum more concise, and provides new technical guidance for the prevention and control of diseases and pests of polygonatum sibiricum. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail. This detailed description should not be considered as limiting the present invention, but should be understood as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features, and embodiments of the present invention.

[0020] It should be understood that the terms described in the present invention are only for describing a particular embodiment and are not intended to limit the present invention. In addition, for the numerical range in the present invention, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the scope is also specifically disclosed. The intermediate value in any stated value or stated range, and each smaller range between any other stated value or intermediate value in the described range is also included in the present invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges can be independently included or excluded in the scope.

[0021] Unless otherwise indicated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as those generally understood by those skilled in the art. Although the present invention describes only preferred methods and materials, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may also be used in the implementation or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference to disclose and describe the methods and / or materials associated with the documents. In the event of a conflict with any incorporated document, the content of this specification shall prevail.

[0022] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations may be made to the specific embodiments of the present invention description without departing from the scope or spirit of the present invention. Other embodiments derived from the present invention description will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The present invention description and examples are exemplary only.

[0023] The words “include,” “including,” “have,” “contain,” etc. used in this document are open-ended terms, meaning including but not limited to.

[0024] The sources of the strains used in the examples of the present invention are as follows:

[0025] Candida utilis was purchased from Shandong Pingju Biotechnology Co., Ltd.; Bacillus subtilis was purchased from Guangzhou Zhenwei Microbiology Technology Co., Ltd.

[0026] Example 1

[0027] This embodiment prepares a drug for preventing and controlling diseases and insect pests of Polygonatum sibiricum, and the preparation process is as follows:

[0028] (1) Preparation of Amaranthus tricolor extract: Amaranthus tricolor and water were mixed in a mass ratio of 1:8 to obtain a slurry; 8 CFU / mL slurry, add Candida utilis to the slurry at a rate of 3×10 6 CFU / mL slurry, then add Bacillus subtilis, stir evenly, and ferment at 35°C for 60h. After the fermentation is completed, the fermentation liquid is centrifuged to take the supernatant; after the supernatant is sterilized, it is low-temperature dried at 40°C to obtain the Amaranthus tricolor extract.

[0029] (2) Preparation of Saxifraga extract: The Saxifraga was chopped and dried, crushed into a particle size of 150 mesh, and then mixed with chloroform at a ratio of 1 g: 6 mL, and extracted at 22° C. for 5 days. After the extraction, the extract was concentrated under reduced pressure to 1 / 6 of the original volume, and low-temperature dried at 40° C. to obtain the Saxifraga extract.

[0030] (3) Preparation of the extract of Eleutherodactyla: The Eleutherodactyla was dried and crushed into 80 mesh size, and then mixed with water in a mass ratio of 1:10 and decocted for a total of 3 times, each time for 2 hours, and the 3 decoctions were combined; after the decoction was cooled to room temperature, methanol was slowly added while stirring so that the volume percentage of methanol in the decoction was 75%, and the decoction was allowed to stand at 4°C for 24 hours; after standing, the precipitated impurities were filtered out, and the obtained clear liquid was low-temperature dried at 40°C to obtain the Eleutherodactyla extract.

[0031] (4) The Amaranthus tricolor extract, the Saxifraga herb extract and the Herba Lycopodii extract prepared in steps (1), (2) and (3) are mixed with methionine, phenylalanine and avermectin in the proportions shown in Table 1 to obtain a drug for preventing and controlling diseases and insect pests of Polygonatum sibiricum.

[0032] Table 1 Ratio of raw materials of each group of drugs

[0033]

[0034] Test Example 1

[0035] An experimental field where Polygonatum sibiricum was planted for many consecutive years was selected and divided into 8 experimental areas, which were used to study the control effects of the drugs of Group 1 to Group 7 in Example 1 on diseases and pests of Polygonatum sibiricum, and a blank control group was used to compare the control effects.

[0036] The fields were deeply plowed, and the decomposed farmyard manure was applied as base fertilizer at a rate of 1500kg / mu. After land preparation, a 1.3m wide ridge was made, the ridge furrow was 40cm wide, and drainage ditches were made around it. Before sowing, the drugs of Groups 1 to 7 were diluted 500 times (w / w) with water to make a drug dilution solution. The treated rhizomes of Polygonatum sibiricum were immersed in the drug dilution solution for 5 minutes and then taken out. They were planted with a row spacing of 25cm, a plant spacing of 15cm, and a depth of 10cm. 50 plants were planted in each test area. Two months after sowing, when all the rhizomes of Polygonatum sibiricum had germinated, the drugs of each group were diluted 300 times with water and sprayed on the leaves at a spraying rate of 10L / mu. Four months after sowing, the occurrence of diseases and insect pests in each group was counted. The calculation method of anthracnose, black spot, gray mold and cutworm infestation rate is: number of diseased plants / total number of plants × 100%; the number of live aphids and live spider mites was calculated according to the aphid and spider mite survey method recorded in the literature (Sun Shiwei. Research on the occurrence and control technology of major pests of Polygonatum cyrtonema in Hanzhong area [D]. Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, 2007.). The results are shown in Table 2.

[0037] Table 2 Occurrence of diseases and insect pests in each group of Polygonatum sibiricum

[0038]

[0039] According to Table 2, compared with the blank control group and groups 4 to 7, the drugs in groups 1 to 3 have significant control effects on anthrax, black spot, gray mold, aphids, cutworms, and red spiders of Polygonatum; it can be seen from groups 4 to 7 that the extracts of Amaranthus chinensis, Saxifraga sibiricum extract, and Herba scutellariae have certain control effects on various diseases and insect pests of Polygonatum sibiricum when used alone, but the effect is low, and the combination of the three has a significantly improved effect. This shows that the drug of the present invention is based on the natural substances of Amaranthus chinensis extract, Saxifraga sibiricum extract, and Herba scutellariae extract as the main components, and through reasonable matching, it plays an effective role in preventing and controlling diseases and insect pests of Polygonatum sibiricum.

[0040] The embodiments described above are only descriptions of the preferred modes of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by ordinary technicians in this field should all fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A drug for preventing and treating diseases and insect pests of Polygonatum sibiricum, characterized in that: The medicine comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 30% to 55% of Amaranthus chinensis extract, 25% to 48% of Saxifraga herbacea extract, 8% to 15% of Euphorbia cerifera extract, 1% to 2.5% of methionine, 2% to 5% of phenylalanine and 0.1% to 2% of avermectin.

2. The drug according to claim 1, characterized in that The preparation method of the Amaranthus tricolor extract comprises: mixing the Amaranthus tricolor with water to obtain pulp, adding Candida utilis and Bacillus subtilis to the pulp, fermenting to obtain fermentation liquid; centrifuging the fermentation liquid to obtain the supernatant, and drying to obtain the Amaranthus tricolor extract.

3. The drug according to claim 2, characterized in that The mass ratio of the Amaranthus tricolor to water is 1:(5-10); the amount of the added Candida utilis is (2-5)×10 8 CFU / mL slurry; the amount of Bacillus subtilis added is (2-5)×10 6 CFU / mL slurry; the fermentation temperature is 30-38°C and the fermentation time is 48-72h.

4. The drug according to claim 1, characterized in that The preparation method of the saxifrage extract comprises: drying and crushing the saxifrage, mixing and extracting with chloroform, concentrating the obtained extract under reduced pressure to remove chloroform, and drying to obtain the saxifrage extract.

5. The drug according to claim 4, characterized in that The ratio of the crushed saxifrage to chloroform is 1 g: (5-8) mL; the extraction temperature is 20-25° C., and the extraction time is 4-6 days.

6. The drug according to claim 1, characterized in that The preparation method of the scutellaria baicalensis extract comprises: drying and crushing the scutellaria baicalensis, mixing with water and boiling for 2 to 3 times, combining the decoctions, and taking the supernatant after centrifugation; adding methanol to the supernatant to make the final concentration of methanol 80%, filtering after standing to remove the precipitate, and drying the obtained clear liquid to obtain the scutellaria baicalensis extract.

7. The drug according to claim 6, characterized in that The mass ratio of the crushed Eleutherodactyla edulis to water is 1:(8-12); the decoction time is 1-3 hours / time; the standing temperature is 4°C and the standing time is 24-48 hours.

8. Use of the drug according to any one of claims 1 to 7 in preventing and controlling diseases and insect pests of Polygonatum sibiricum.

9. The use according to claim 8, characterized in that: The diseases and insect pests of Polygonatum sibiricum include anthracnose, black spot, gray mold, leaf spot, brown spot, aphids, red spiders, cutworms, mites, and mole crickets.

10. The use according to claim 8, characterized in that: The method of using the drug is as follows: dilute the drug 500 times, and soak the rhizomes of Polygonatum sibiricum before sowing; dilute the drug 300 times, and spray it on the leaves after Polygonatum sibiricum germinates.

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