Beef cattle feed additive and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of animal feed, and discloses a beef cattle feed additive and a preparation method thereof, the feed additive comprises 80%-100% by mass of a mushroom liquid fermentation product; the addition amount of the complete formula feed per 1kg of beef cattle is 25g. D <-1 > per cattle. According to the beef cattle feed additive disclosed by the invention, the mushroom liquid leavening is adopted as the beef cattle feed additive, the beef cattle feed additive contains rich lentinan, has wide physiological activities of regulating an immune system, resisting bacteria, resisting viruses, resisting parasites and the like, and can greatly improve the immune disease resistance, maintain the health of animal intestinal tracts and improve the production performance and the market efficiency of animals; therefore, the feed additive can achieve the effects of promoting the growth speed of beef cattle, enhancing immunity and disease resistance and reducing the feed conversion ratio, and is a green and safe feed additive without toxic and side effects and drug residues.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of animal feed, and in particular to a beef cattle feed additive and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] At present, the research and application of Lentinan are mostly concentrated in the field of medicine, and are used to treat malignant tumors and viral hepatitis. In recent years, with the intensive and large-scale high-quality development of animal husbandry, healthy breeding and the quality and safety of livestock products have also been widely valued by consumers. Lentinan, as a green, environmentally friendly, safe and efficient new immunomodulator, has attracted much attention from practitioners in livestock and poultry breeding and production. Lentinula edodes (Lentinula edodes, L. edodes) belongs to the Basidiomycetes, Agaricales, Lentinus, also known as flower mushroom and thick mushroom, and is the second largest edible fungus in the world. Lentinula edodes has been proven to have a variety of biological activities, among which Lentinan (LNT) is the main active ingredient that exerts pharmacological functions.

[0003] Lentinan can significantly promote the growth and development of livestock and poultry, enhance their immunity, and has antibacterial, antiviral, and antioxidant functions. At the same time, when used in combination with vaccines, it can effectively increase the antibody level of vaccines in the body of livestock and poultry and prolong the duration of the vaccine's action in the body, which is of great significance in reducing the incidence of livestock and poultry diseases. In addition, Lentinan has broad research and application prospects in livestock and poultry breeding and production due to its unique advantages of being natural, non-toxic, non-adverse, non-drug-residue, and non-drug-resistant.

[0004] Beef cattle are an important source of food. In order to prevent diseases, ensure the growth of beef cattle, and improve feed utilization, nutritional additives such as vitamins, trace elements, amino acids, etc. are added to complete feeds. Non-nutritional additives such as antibiotics, mildew inhibitors, and flavoring agents are also added. Nutritionists have done a lot of research on the immune regulation and anti-stress problems of beef cattle, and have proposed many solutions and methods, such as adding probiotics and Chinese herbal medicines, which have achieved different degrees of effect. However, the raw material costs of probiotics and probiotics are relatively high. Therefore, it is urgent to develop new feed additives to solve the problems of immune regulation and anti-stress of beef cattle.

[0005] To this end, the present invention proposes a method of using shiitake mushroom liquid fermentation product as a feed additive for beef cattle to regulate the immune function of beef cattle, prevent diseases and improve feed utilization. Summary of the invention

[0006] The present invention aims to provide a feed additive for beef cattle, comprising liquid fermented shiitake mushrooms, which can regulate the immunity of beef cattle, prevent diseases, improve meat quality and increase commodity value. The feed additive is green and safe, has no toxic side effects, no harmful residual ingredients and no pollution to the environment. The liquid fermented shiitake mushrooms can activate the immune system of beef cattle, promote lymphocyte transformation and proliferation, regulate the immunity of beef cattle, resist bacteria and viruses, prevent diseases, improve disease resistance and reduce mortality.

[0007] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0008] The invention provides a beef cattle feed additive, which comprises 80%-100% by mass of shiitake mushroom liquid fermentation product.

[0009] Further, prepare according to the following steps:

[0010] (1) Weigh the required liquid fermentation product as required;

[0011] (2) Pour the above materials into a mixer and mix them evenly;

[0012] (3) Put the evenly mixed feed additives into bags and seal them.

[0013] Further, when used, the amount added to 1 kg of complete feed for beef cattle is 25g.d per head of cattle. -1 .

[0014] Furthermore, the method for preparing the shiitake mushroom liquid fermentation product comprises the following steps:

[0015] S1. Screening of shiitake mushroom fermentation strains;

[0016] S2, optimize fermentation medium;

[0017] S3. Fermentation culture is performed.

[0018] Furthermore, the carbon source in the fermentation medium includes but is not limited to glucose, sucrose, maltose and soluble starch.

[0019] Further, in step S2, the nitrogen source substances in the fermentation medium include but are not limited to beef extract, peptone, yeast extract and soybean powder.

[0020] Furthermore, in step S2, the carbon source in the fermentation medium is soluble starch, and the nitrogen source in the medium is selected as soybean powder.

[0021] Further, in step S2, the fermentation medium comprises 2% soluble starch, 1.8% soybean powder, 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.1% magnesium sulfate and 0.005% vitamin B1.

[0022] Furthermore, the screening method for the shiitake mushroom fermentation strain is a flat plate solid culture method or a liquid shake flask culture method.

[0023] Further, the fermentation culture comprises the following steps:

[0024] S31, filling and sterilization

[0025] Add an appropriate amount of water into the fermentation tank, heat it to a suitable temperature, add a defoamer and the fermentation medium described in step S2, stir and mix thoroughly, pour into the feed port, add water to the scale line in the fermentation tank, and seal it; control the pressure value, sterilize at 115°C for 60 minutes; after the sterilization is completed, pass condensed water into the circulating insulation pipe port to cool down to 26-28°C;

[0026] The volume ratio of the added mass of the defoamer to the total liquid in the fermentation tank is 0.8-1.2 g / 2L.

[0027] S32, inoculation and cultivation

[0028] Take shiitake mushroom fermentation strains, quickly connect them to the fermentation tank at the inoculation port by using the fire ring inoculation method, and close the inoculation port; culture at 26-28°C and constant temperature for 7-14 days to obtain shiitake mushroom liquid fermentation product.

[0029] In summary, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0030] The shiitake mushroom liquid fermentation product provided by the present invention is used as a feed additive for beef cattle and contains rich shiitake mushroom polysaccharide, which has a wide range of physiological activities such as regulating the immune system, antibacterial, antiviral, antiparasitic, antitumor, and anti-radiation, and can greatly improve the immune and disease resistance, maintain the health of the animal's intestine, and improve the animal's production performance and market efficiency; thereby achieving the effect of promoting the growth rate of beef cattle, increasing immunity and disease resistance, and reducing the feed-to-meat ratio. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1 This is a diagram showing the growth state of the shiitake mushroom block SD004 in the present invention in a liquid shake bottle culture;

[0032] Figure 2 This is a comparison chart of the effects of the beef cattle feed additive of the present invention on beef cattle cytokines (A is the effect on the cytokine IFN-γ, B is the effect on the cytokine TNF-α, C is the effect on the cytokine IgG, and D is the effect on the cytokine IgM). DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The following embodiments of the technical solution of the present invention are described in detail. The following embodiments are used to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and therefore, are only used as examples and cannot be used to limit the protection scope of the present invention.

[0034] Example

[0035] A beef cattle feed additive comprises 80% to 100% by mass of shiitake mushroom liquid fermentation product.

[0036] The above-mentioned beef cattle feed additive is prepared according to the following steps:

[0037] (1) Weigh the required liquid fermentation product as required;

[0038] (2) Pour the above materials into a mixer and mix them evenly;

[0039] (3) Put the evenly mixed feed additives into bags and seal them.

[0040] When using the above-mentioned beef cattle feed additive, the amount added per 1 kg of complete feed for beef cattle is 25g / d per head of cattle. -1 .

[0041] The method for preparing shiitake mushroom liquid fermentation product comprises the following steps:

[0042] S1. Screening of Lentinus edodes fermentation strains

[0043] The fermentation strains were screened by two methods: plate solid culture method and liquid shake flask culture method. The plate solid culture method used the mycelium growth rate as the criterion, and the faster the growth rate, the better; the liquid shake flask culture method used the mycelium dry weight as the criterion, and the heavier the dry weight, the better.

[0044] Test strains: Changchun shiitake (CC001, CC005), Shandong shiitake (SD002, SD003, SD004, SD007), Hebei shiitake (HB001, HB002). The strains were preserved in this laboratory and donated by related enterprises.

[0045] (1) Plate culture selection method for shiitake mushroom strains

[0046] The collected Lentinus edodes strains were restored to room temperature for later use. 0.5 cm diameter strains were selected and placed on PDA solid culture medium, cultured at 28°C and the growth of the colonies was observed for 7 days. The mycelium growth rate was measured. The experimental results are shown in Table 1.

[0047] Table 1 Growth rate of mycelium of 8 species of Lentinus edodes

[0048]

[0049] According to the results in Table 1, the results of selection by the plate culture method showed that SD007, SD004, SD002 and SD003 mushroom blocks were better.

[0050] (2) Method for selecting shiitake mushroom strains in liquid shake bottles

[0051] Take mushroom blocks with a diameter of about 0.5 cm and add them to the shaking bottle. Set up 3 replicates for each strain and culture them in a shaking incubator at 28°C with a rotation speed of 160r / min. Take them out after 7 days and measure the dry weight of mycelium.

[0052] Determination method of mycelium dry weight: take a certain volume of fermentation liquid, centrifuge at 5000r / min for 30min, discard the supernatant, wash the precipitate with distilled water, centrifuge again, repeat 3 times, and dry the precipitate at 60℃ to constant weight. The experimental results are shown in Table 2 and Figure 1 .

[0053] Table 2 Dry weight of mycelium of eight species of Lentinus edodes at 7 days

[0054]

[0055] According to the results in Table 2, the shake flask selection method showed that SD003, SD004, and SD007 were better shiitake mushroom spawn, and SD004 was the best.

[0056] S2. Optimization of fermentation medium

[0057] The selected SD004 shiitake mushroom strains were transferred to shake flask culture. The culture medium was optimized by single factor test method, with glucose, sucrose, maltose, and soluble starch as carbon sources, and beef extract, peptone, yeast extract, and soybean powder as nitrogen sources, and single factor tests were designed to screen out the most suitable carbon and nitrogen sources. The optimized culture medium was used in the subsequent fermentation tank, and the fermentation product obtained in the shake flask was the strain used in the fermentation tank.

[0058] The results of the single factor test of carbon and nitrogen sources of the culture medium obtained by single factor test optimization are shown in Table 3. After comparison, it was found that soybean powder was more suitable as the nitrogen source and soluble starch was more suitable as the carbon source.

[0059] Table 3 Results of single factor test on carbon and nitrogen sources in culture medium

[0060]

[0061] The final fermentation medium composition is 2% soluble starch, 1.8% soybean powder, 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.1% magnesium sulfate, and 0.005% vitamin B1.

[0062] S3. Fermentation culture

[0063] Fermentation culture includes the following steps:

[0064] S31, filling and sterilization

[0065] 120L of fermentation tank liquid is filled with 80L of water, which is heated to boiling; a small amount of hot water is released from the liquid outlet, and cold water is added to a suitable temperature. 2000g of fermentation medium and 50g of defoaming agent are added, and the mixture is fully stirred and mixed, and then poured into the feed port, and water is added to the 100L scale line, and the port is sealed; the pressure value is controlled, and sterilized at 115℃ for 60min; after the sterilization is completed, condensed water is introduced into the circulating insulation pipe port to cool down to 28±2℃.

[0066] S32, inoculation and cultivation

[0067] Take several bottles of SD004 shiitake shake bottle spawn, quickly connect them to the fermentation tank at the inoculation port using the fire ring inoculation method, and close the inoculation port; culture at 28°C and constant temperature for 14 days to obtain shiitake liquid fermentation product.

[0068] The shiitake mushroom liquid fermentation product prepared by the present invention was commissioned to Kunming Edible Fungi Quality Supervision, Inspection and Testing Center of the All-China Federation of Supply and Marketing Cooperatives to use "NY / T 1676-2023 Spectrophotometric method for determination of crude polysaccharides in edible fungi", "NY / T2116-2012 High performance liquid chromatography for determination of cordycepin and adenosine in cordyceps products" and "GB 5009.5-2016 National Food Safety Standard Method 1 for determination of protein in food" to detect the contents of crude polysaccharides, adenosine and protein in the shiitake mushroom liquid fermentation product, and the test results are shown in Table 4.

[0069] Table 4 Results of the test on the contents of crude polysaccharides, adenosine and protein in the liquid fermentation product of Lentinus edodes

[0070]

[0071] Feeding test example

[0072] (1) Experimental methods

[0073] Ten weaned calves were randomly selected from Inner Mongolia Horqin Beef Cattle Seed Co., Ltd. and randomly divided into two groups, with five replicates in each group and one calf in each replicate. The control group was fed a basic diet, while the experimental group was fed a basic diet supplemented with shiitake liquid fermented product at a dose of 25 g / d. -1From the first day of the experiment, 10 calves were moved from the group cowshed to independent calf pens, one cow per pen, and each calf pen had an independent feeding channel and water trough. They were adaptively raised under natural light conditions. The calves were fed with basic feed twice a day at 5:00-5:30 in the morning and 4:00-4:30 in the afternoon. During the morning feeding, the control group and the experimental group mixed the liquid extract of Lentinus edodes with the feed and fed the calves. The feeding channel was cleaned in time before the morning feeding. All calves were free to eat, and each calf was provided with sufficient clean drinking water. Other feeding and management were the same. The calf pens were cleaned regularly according to the daily management requirements of the cattle farm. During the experimental period, the calves were not vaccinated. The experimental period was 30 days. Three calves were randomly selected from each group at 0 days and 30 days to measure the calf body size (the experimental results are shown in Table 5). On the 7th, 16th, 24th, and 30th days of the experimental period, three calves were randomly selected for blood sampling to test serum immune indicators (the experimental results are shown in Table 5). Figure 2 ).

[0074] (2) The results are shown in Table 5 and Figure 2

[0075] Table 5 Effects of shiitake mushroom liquid fermentation on calf growth performance

[0076]

[0077] As shown in Table 5, at the end of the experimental period, compared with the control group, the FBW, ADG, BH, and BL of the experimental group calves all showed an upward trend, among which the FBW and BL of the experimental group calves were significantly higher than those of the control group (P<0.05).

[0078] Depend on Figure 2 It can be seen that at the four time points of 7, 16, 24 and 30 days, the IFN-γ, TNF-α and IgM of the experimental group calves were higher than those of the control group. Among them, at the three time points of 16, 24 and 30 days, the IFN-γ of the experimental group calves showed an increasing trend at the three time points of 16, 24 and 30 days, and was higher than that of the control group, indicating that feeding shiitake mushroom liquid fermentation products can effectively increase the expression of serum cytokines and enhance the immunity of calves as time goes by.

[0079] The above test results show that the shiitake liquid fermented product provided by the present invention can be used as a feed additive for beef cattle to achieve the effects of promoting the growth rate of beef cattle, increasing immunity and disease resistance, and reducing the feed-to-meat ratio.

[0080] The above is only an embodiment of the present invention, and the common knowledge such as the known specific technical solutions or characteristics in the solution is not described in detail here. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, several modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the technical solution of the present invention, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicality of the patent. The scope of protection required by this application shall be based on the content of its claims, and the specific implementation methods and other records in the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims

1. A beef cattle feed additive, characterized in that: The feed additive comprises 80%-100% of shiitake mushroom liquid fermentation product by mass fraction.

2. A beef cattle feed additive according to claim 1, characterized in that: Prepare as follows: (1) Weigh the required liquid fermentation product as required; (2) Pour the above materials into a mixer and mix them evenly; (3) Put the evenly mixed feed additives into bags and seal them.

3. A beef cattle feed additive according to claim 1, characterized in that: When used, the amount added to 1 kg of complete feed for beef cattle is 25g / d per head of cattle. -1 .

4. A beef cattle feed additive according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The method for preparing the shiitake mushroom liquid fermentation product comprises the following steps: S1. Screening of shiitake mushroom fermentation strains; S2, optimize fermentation medium; S3. Fermentation culture is performed.

5. A beef cattle feed additive according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step S2, the carbon source substances in the fermentation medium include but are not limited to glucose, sucrose, maltose and soluble starch.

6. The method for preparing a beef cattle feed additive according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step S2, the nitrogen source substances in the fermentation medium include but are not limited to beef extract, peptone, yeast extract and soybean powder.

7. The method for preparing a beef cattle feed additive according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step S2, the carbon source in the fermentation medium is soluble starch, and the nitrogen source in the fermentation medium is soybean powder.

8. The method for preparing a beef cattle feed additive according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step S2, the fermentation medium comprises 2% soluble starch, 1.8% soybean powder, 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.1% magnesium sulfate and 0.005% vitamin B1.

9. The method for preparing a beef cattle feed additive according to claim 4, characterized in that: The screening method of the shiitake mushroom fermentation strain is a flat plate solid culture method or a liquid shake bottle culture method.

10. The method for preparing a beef cattle feed additive according to claim 4, characterized in that: The fermentation culture comprises the following steps: S31, filling and sterilization Add an appropriate amount of water into the fermentation tank, heat it to a suitable temperature, then add the defoaming agent and the fermentation medium described in step S2, stir and mix thoroughly, pour into the feed port, add water to the scale line in the fermentation tank, and seal it; control the pressure value, sterilize at 115°C for 60 minutes; after the sterilization is completed, pass condensed water into the circulating insulation pipe port to cool down to 26-28°C; The volume ratio of the added mass of the defoamer to the total liquid in the fermentation tank is 0.8-1.2 g / 2L. S32, inoculation and cultivation Take shiitake mushroom fermentation strains, quickly connect them to the fermentation tank at the inoculation port by using the fire ring inoculation method, and close the inoculation port; culture at 26-28°C and constant temperature for 7-14 days to obtain shiitake mushroom liquid fermentation product.

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