Vertical high-temperature tobacco stem fermentation equipment
Through the design of vertical high-temperature smoke stalk fermentation equipment, the combination of the hollow transmission rod and the spiral plate driven by a motor, combined with the flow guide cylinder and convex ribs, the problems of low fermentation temperature and poor ventilation and oxygen supply in the existing technology are solved, and the problem of low fermentation temperature and poor ventilation and oxygen supply in the existing technology is realized. Efficient smoke stalk fermentation improves fermentation efficiency and safety, and promotes the fertilizer utilization of tobacco stalk resources.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411504828.0
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-10-27
- Publication Date
- 2025-01-03
AI Technical Summary
The existing aerobic fermentation technology of tobacco stalks has problems such as low fermentation temperature, poor ventilation and oxygen supply effect, and high mixing difficulty, resulting in low fermentation efficiency and long cycle, making it difficult to effectively eliminate pathogenic microorganisms, and limiting the fertilizer utilization of tobacco stalk resources. .
A vertical high-temperature smoke stalk fermentation equipment was designed, and the combination of the hollow transmission rod and the spiral plate driven by the motor is combined to achieve high-temperature stirring and uniform air flow, combining the guide cylinder and convex ribs to form a closed-loop flow mode, and improve the material stirring effect. and oxygen supply oxygen, equipped with a carbon dioxide detector and temperature and humidity sensor for real-time monitoring.
It significantly improves the fermentation efficiency and effect, shortens the degradation cycle, enhances the killing ability of pathogenic microorganisms, and enhances the industrial development potential of tobacco stalk biological organic fertilizers.
Smart Images
Figure CN119241290A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of biomass recycling, in particular to a vertical high-temperature tobacco stalk fermentation device for developing tobacco stalk resources into fertilizer. Background Art
[0002] The efficient utilization of tobacco waste (tobacco stalks) resources is an important part of achieving high-quality development of the tobacco industry. my country produces about 6 million tons of tobacco waste every year, mainly including raw materials such as tobacco stalks and tobacco stems. Among them, the degree of lignification of tobacco stalks is relatively high, and the spatial structure of biomass is dense and complex. The anti-degradation barrier of biomass formed restricts its humification. Even if it is crushed into particles of 2 to 5 cm, it takes 8 to 12 months for natural degradation and conversion into humus, which brings many technical difficulties to the recycling of tobacco stalk resources. Therefore, most of them are discarded or incinerated as waste, which not only causes a huge waste of resources, but also pollutes the soil ecological environment of tobacco areas. More importantly, it increases the risk of microbial diseases and insect pests in tobacco planting in tobacco areas the following year. Therefore, how to develop and utilize tobacco waste resources has become a top priority for the sustainable development of tobacco.
[0003] With the continuous development of crop straw fertilizer recycling technology, aerobic composting and fermentation of tobacco stalks has become the main way of green utilization of tobacco stalks, so that the fermented products of tobacco stalks can be returned to the field as organic fertilizer to improve the soil environment and quality of the field. However, the aerobic composting and fermentation technology in the prior art has the following disadvantages: 1) The main fermentation temperature is generally lower than 70°C, which cannot eliminate pathogenic microorganisms in tobacco stalks, increasing the risk of pests and diseases in tobacco planting the following year; 2) Due to the high density of materials, the conventional ventilation and oxygen supply effect is poor, that is, the air or oxygen introduced is difficult to be effectively and evenly transported to the inside of the material, resulting in poor fermentation effect and low efficiency. At the same time, simple stirring + ventilation cannot guarantee the oxygen supply effect of the bottom material, resulting in a long overall degradation cycle, usually several months, which is not conducive to the industrial development of tobacco stalk bio-organic fertilizer; 3) The material density in the mixing tank is large, the material mixing is more difficult, and the performance requirements of the mixing motor are high. Summary of the invention
[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a vertical high-temperature tobacco stalk fermentation equipment. The present invention has a simple structure and makes structural innovation on the existing fermentation tank structure, effectively realizing the stirring of materials under high temperature conditions, greatly improving the contact effect between the materials and the introduced air, and thus improving the fermentation efficiency and fermentation effect.
[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: A vertical high-temperature tobacco stem fermentation device, comprising a fermentation tank with a feed inlet at the top and a discharge outlet at the bottom, a motor is also arranged at the top of the fermentation tank, and a hollow transmission rod is arranged coaxially with the fermentation tank, the top of which passes through an air box fixed at the top of the fermentation tank and is transmission-connected to the output end of the motor, and the transmission rod is connected to the air box through a preset air inlet hole on the rod body; The transmission rod is located in the fermentation tank. A spiral plate with a hollow structure is spirally wound on the rod body. The hollow part of the spiral plate is communicated with the transmission rod and an exhaust hole is opened on the outer edge surface of the spiral plate.
[0006] Preferably, a guide tube is further provided outside the spiral plate, and the guide tube, the spiral plate and the transmission rod constitute a guide channel for bottom feeding and top discharging.
[0007] Preferably, the gas box is connected to an external steam source and an air source through a three-way pipe.
[0008] Preferably, the inner wall of the fermentation tank is provided with a plurality of convex ribs for guiding materials at equal intervals in the circumferential direction, and the convex ribs are in an arc shape.
[0009] Preferably, the transmission rod is fixedly provided with a plurality of exhaust pipes which are arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction and extend radially above the guide tube, and the exhaust pipes are connected with the transmission rod.
[0010] Preferably, the outer wall of the bottom rod body of the transmission rod exposed outside the guide tube is provided with a first bearing, and the outer ring of the first bearing is provided with a plurality of first support rods fixedly connected to the inner wall of the fermentation tank. The first bearing can support the transmission rod without affecting the turnover of the rotating rod.
[0011] Preferably, the bottom outer wall of the guide cylinder is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the fermenter through several second connecting rods, and the top inner wall is connected to the outer ring of the second bearing provided on the outer wall of the transmission rod through several third connecting rods. The second connecting rod is used to fix the guide cylinder to prevent the guide cylinder from rotating synchronously with the transmission rod under the friction of the material. The third connecting rod is used to ensure the coaxial arrangement of the guide cylinder and the transmission rod.
[0012] Preferably, the top of the fermentation tank is also equipped with a carbon dioxide detector, a temperature and humidity sensor, and a pressure relief valve. The carbon dioxide detector and the temperature and humidity sensor are relatively mature components in the application of existing technologies. They are used in conjunction with the control terminal to detect the carbon dioxide concentration, temperature and humidity inside the fermentation tank, and feed the detected data back to the control terminal. The staff can read the data through the control terminal and record the rapid aerobic fermentation rate cycle based on the data.
[0013] Preferably, the outer wall of the fermentation tank is provided with an insulation layer.
[0014] The invention working process is as follows: First, high-temperature steam is introduced into the fermenter through a three-way pipe for sterilization. The high-temperature steam enters the fermenter through the air box-transmission rod-exhaust pipe and the exhaust holes on the spiral plate, and simultaneously sterilizes the internal space of the fermenter and the diversion channel.
[0015] After disinfection is completed and the temperature inside the fermentation tank drops to room temperature, the material mixed with fermentation bacteria is discharged into the fermentation tank from the feed inlet, and the fermentation tank is closed to carry out straw fermentation: Turn on the motor, the motor drives the transmission rod and the spiral plate to rotate, and cooperates with the guide tube to form the material flow inside the guide channel, that is, the spiral plate lifts the material below the guide tube into the guide tube, and finally discharges it from the top of the guide tube and enters the top of the fermentation tank, so that the material inside the fermentation tank forms a closed-loop flow pattern moving around the guide channel. In this way, not only the stirring of the material is achieved, but also the motor only works on this part of the material in the internal space of the guide tube, which greatly reduces the load and energy consumption of the motor. In addition, the material outside the guide tube will also be guided by the ribs during the above movement process, so as to achieve the synchronous movement of the material in the circumferential and axial directions, and improve the stirring effect.
[0016] Correspondingly, during the above stirring process, air can be introduced into the fermenter through the three-way pipe, and the air enters the fermenter through the air box-transmission rod-exhaust pipe and the exhaust holes on the spiral plate, thereby ensuring the oxygen content and uniformity in the fermenter and ensuring efficient aerobic fermentation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0017] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the vertical high-temperature tobacco stem fermentation equipment described in the specific implementation method; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the vertical high-temperature tobacco stem fermentation equipment described in a specific implementation method. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0018] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.
[0019] like Figure 1-2 As shown, a vertical high-temperature tobacco stem fermentation equipment includes a fermentation tank 1 with a feed inlet 14 on the top and a discharge port 11 on the bottom. The top of the fermentation tank 1 is also provided with a motor 12, a carbon dioxide detector 16, a temperature and humidity sensor 15 and a pressure relief valve. The inner wall of the fermentation tank 1 is provided with several ribs 13 for guiding materials at equal intervals in the circumferential direction, and the ribs 13 are arc-shaped.
[0020] A hollow transmission rod 21 is coaxially arranged with the fermentation tank 1, and its top passes through the air box 17 fixed on the top of the fermentation tank 1 and is transmission-connected with the output end of the motor 12. The transmission rod 21 is connected to the air box 17 through a preset air inlet hole on the rod body, and the air box 17 is connected to an external steam source and air source through a three-way pipe 18; The transmission rod 21 is located in the fermentation tank 1 and is spirally wound on a rod body with a spiral plate 22 having a hollow structure. The hollow portion of the spiral plate 22 is connected to the transmission rod 21 and an exhaust hole 23 is provided on the outer edge of the spiral plate 22. A guide tube 3 is also provided outside the spiral plate 22. The guide tube 3, the spiral plate 22 and the transmission rod 21 form a guide channel for bottom feeding and top discharge.
[0021] The transmission rod 21 is fixedly provided with several exhaust pipes 27 which are arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction and extend radially above the guide cylinder 3. The exhaust pipes 27 are communicated with the transmission rod 21. The outer wall of the bottom rod body of the transmission rod exposed outside the guide cylinder 3 is provided with a first bearing. The outer ring body of the first bearing is provided with several first support rods 26 fixedly connected to the inner wall of the fermentation tank 1. The outer wall of the bottom of the guide cylinder 3 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the fermentation tank 1 through several second connecting rods 31, and the inner wall of the top is connected to the outer ring body of the second bearing provided on the outer wall of the transmission rod 21 through several third connecting rods 32.
[0022] The working process of the present invention is as follows: First, high-temperature steam is introduced into the fermenter 1 through the three-way pipe 18 for sterilization. The high-temperature steam enters the fermenter 1 through the air box 17-transmission rod 21-exhaust pipe 27 and the exhaust hole 23 on the spiral plate 22, and simultaneously sterilizes the internal space of the fermenter 1 and the guide channel.
[0023] After the disinfection is completed and the temperature inside the fermentation tank 1 is lowered to room temperature, the material mixed with fermentation bacteria is discharged into the fermentation tank 1 from the feed inlet 14, and the fermentation tank is closed to carry out the straw fermentation operation: Turn on the motor 12, the motor 12 drives the transmission rod 21 and the spiral plate 22 to rotate, and cooperates with the guide tube 3 to form the material flow inside the guide channel, that is, the spiral plate 22 lifts the material below the guide tube 3 into the guide tube 3, and finally discharges it from the top of the guide tube 3 and enters the top of the fermentation tank 1, so that the material inside the fermentation tank 1 forms a closed-loop flow pattern moving around the guide channel. In this way, not only the stirring of the material is achieved, but also the motor 12 only works on this part of the material in the internal space of the guide tube 3, which greatly reduces the load and energy consumption of the motor 12. Moreover, the material outside the guide tube 3 will also be guided by the ribs 13 during the above movement process, so as to achieve the synchronous movement of the material in the circumferential and axial directions, and improve the stirring effect.
[0024] Correspondingly, during the above stirring process, air can be introduced into the fermenter 1 through the three-way pipe 18, and the air enters the fermenter 1 through the air box 17-transmission rod 21-exhaust pipe 27 and the exhaust hole 23 on the spiral plate 22, thereby ensuring the oxygen content and uniformity in the fermenter and ensuring efficient aerobic fermentation.
Claims
1. A vertical high-temperature tobacco stem fermentation device, comprising a fermentation tank with a feed inlet at the top and a discharge outlet at the bottom, and a motor is also provided at the top of the fermentation tank, characterized in that: A hollow transmission rod is coaxially arranged with the fermentation tank, the top of which passes through the air box fixed on the top of the fermentation tank and is transmission-connected with the output end of the motor, and the transmission rod is connected with the air box through a preset air inlet hole on the rod body; The transmission rod is located in the fermentation tank. A spiral plate with a hollow structure is spirally wound on the rod body. The hollow part of the spiral plate is communicated with the transmission rod and an exhaust hole is opened on the outer edge surface of the spiral plate.
2. The vertical high-temperature tobacco stem fermentation equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: A guide tube is also arranged outside the spiral plate, and the guide tube, the spiral plate and the transmission rod form a guide channel for bottom feeding and top discharging.
3. The vertical high-temperature tobacco stem fermentation equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gas box is connected with an external steam source and an air source through a three-way pipe.
4. The vertical high-temperature tobacco stem fermentation equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner wall of the fermentation tank is provided with a plurality of convex ribs for guiding materials at equal intervals in the circumferential direction, and the convex ribs are in an arc shape.
5. The vertical high-temperature tobacco stem fermentation equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transmission rod is fixedly provided with a plurality of exhaust pipes which are arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction and extend radially above the guide tube, and the exhaust pipes are communicated with the transmission rod.
6. The vertical high-temperature tobacco stem fermentation equipment according to claim 5, characterized in that: The outer wall of the bottom rod body of the transmission rod exposed outside the guide tube is provided with a first bearing, and the outer ring body of the first bearing is provided with a plurality of first support rods fixedly connected to the inner wall of the fermentation tank.
7. The vertical high-temperature tobacco stem fermentation equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom outer wall of the guide tube is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the fermentation tank through several second connecting rods, and the top inner wall is connected to the second bearing outer ring body arranged on the outer wall of the transmission rod through several third connecting rods.
8. The vertical high-temperature tobacco stem fermentation equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top of the fermentation tank is also equipped with a carbon dioxide detector, a temperature and humidity sensor and a pressure relief valve.
9. The vertical high-temperature tobacco stem fermentation equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer wall of the fermentation tank is provided with a heat-insulating layer.