Cleaning technology of aluminum foil for electrolytic capacitor

Abstract

The invention discloses a cleaning technology for an aluminum foil for an electrolytic capacitor, and belongs to the technical field of electrolytic capacitors. The technology comprises the following steps: (1) cleaning an aluminum foil finished product by adopting an alkaline cleaning agent, including soaking treatment and spraying treatment which are sequentially carried out at 30-70 DEG C; (2) the aluminum foil sequentially enters a pure water cleaning box I and a pure water cleaning box II to be sprayed and cleaned with pure water; and (3) hot air drying is conducted for 2-20 s in a drying box at the temperature of 100-150 DEG C, and cooling is conducted after drying. According to the technology, the surface cleanliness of the aluminum foil can be thoroughly improved, the uniformity of the surface layer after annealing can be optimized, the thickness of the surface layer is reduced, and therefore the surface hole forming characteristic is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of electrolytic capacitors, and in particular to a cleaning technology for aluminum foil used in electrolytic capacitors. Background Art

[0002] In the process of the development of the electronic industry towards intelligence and energy saving, photovoltaics, optoelectronics, inverters, LED lighting and electric vehicles have put forward higher performance requirements for aluminum electrolytic capacitors such as capacity and surface. Aluminum foil for electrolytic capacitors is the core raw material for the manufacture of aluminum electrolytic capacitors and is the key factor in determining the quality improvement of aluminum electrolytic capacitors. With the continuous development of the corrosion production process of aluminum electrolytic capacitors, as well as cost and environmental protection factors, the existing aluminum foil production process for aluminum electrolytic capacitors can no longer fully meet the needs of corrosion manufacturers. Corrosion manufacturers often complain that the product surface is oily, aluminum powder is heavy, the pre-treatment is difficult, and the product capacity stability is poor. In the product research, it was found that during the pre-treatment of the aluminum foil for electrolytic capacitors in China, the surface layer is uneven due to the presence of residual aluminum powder, rolling oil, additives, etc. on the material surface, which has a great impact on the final surface quality and surface pore characteristics of the aluminum foil, resulting in uneven pores during corrosion, low number, low specific capacitance, and large deviation.

[0003] The raw materials used in the production of aluminum foil for electrolytic capacitors are a mixture of 99.99% high-purity aluminum and trace elements such as Fe, Si, and Cu. Due to the low hardness of high-purity aluminum, it is easy to cause aluminum sticking to the rollers and the rollers during the rolling process, and aluminum powder will fall off. In addition, the rolling oil and additives used in the cold foil rolling process of high-purity aluminum have a high viscosity, and the common similar dissolution cleaning method of cleaning oil cannot completely clean it, resulting in a large thickness and uneven distribution of the surface oxide film of the final product. At present, a variety of technical means have been used in the production process, but the improvement effect is not obvious. Therefore, it is becoming more and more urgent to find a technical method to completely solve the surface quality defects of electrolytic capacitor aluminum foil products and optimize the surface pore characteristics. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of a series of surface problems of low surface cleanliness (such as large amount of aluminum powder, rolling oil and additive residues) and uneven surface layer thickness of the current finished aluminum foil for electrolytic capacitors, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a cleaning technology for aluminum foil for electrolytic capacitors, which can thoroughly improve the surface cleanliness of the aluminum foil, optimize the uniformity of the surface layer after annealing, reduce the thickness of the surface layer, and thus improve the surface pore characteristics.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0006] A cleaning technology for aluminum foil for electrolytic capacitors, which is to sequentially clean the finished aluminum foil roll for electrolytic capacitors with an alkaline cleaning agent, clean it with pure water, and dry it after the finished roll passes through an unwinding mechanism, and specifically includes the following steps:

[0007] (1) The finished aluminum foil is placed in an alkaline cleaning box filled with an alkaline cleaning agent for cleaning. The cleaning process includes a soaking treatment and a spraying treatment in sequence at a temperature of 30 to 70°C.

[0008] (2) After the finished aluminum foil is cleaned, it leaves the alkaline cleaning box, and then uses a squeeze roller to squeeze out the alkaline cleaning agent on the surface, and then enters the pure water cleaning box I and pure water cleaning box II in turn to be cleaned with pure water;

[0009] (3) Hot air drying is performed in a drying oven at 100-150° C. for 2-20 seconds, followed by cooling. After cooling, the surface is inspected by a defect detection device, and then the surface is wound up by a winding mechanism.

[0010] In the above step (1), the finished aluminum foil for electrolytic capacitor has a thickness of 0.05 to 0.2 mm.

[0011] In the above step (1), the pH value of the alkaline cleaning agent is 8.5-13.5, and the alkalinity of HCl titration is 0.25-1.5 mol / L.

[0012] In the above step (1), the pH value of the alkaline cleaning agent is 10-12, and the alkalinity of HCl titration is 0.4-0.6 mol / L.

[0013] In the above step (1), the immersion is to immerse the aluminum foil in an alkaline cleaning agent for 2 to 20 seconds, and then spray it with an alkaline cleaning agent after the immersion treatment, and the spraying time is 2 to 20 seconds; the surface of the aluminum foil is scrubbed with a brush roller during the immersion and spraying process, and the surface of the aluminum foil is scrubbed with a brush roller again after the spraying treatment for a period of time before leaving the alkaline washing box.

[0014] In the above step (1), the cleaning temperature is 50-60°C, the immersion time is 8-12s, and the spraying time is 8-12s; after the surface of the aluminum foil is cleaned, the rolling oil and aluminum powder can fully react with the cleaning liquid, and will not cause excessive corrosion of the aluminum substrate of the material coil, resulting in subsequent surface abnormalities.

[0015] Furthermore, the alkaline washing box is provided with a brush roller for brushing the surface of the aluminum foil; the alkaline washing box is also provided with a spray head for spraying alkaline cleaning agent on the aluminum foil; the alkaline washing box is provided with a squeeze roller outside for squeezing the alkaline cleaning agent on the surface of the aluminum foil.

[0016] In the above step (2), the cleaning time in pure water cleaning tank I and pure water cleaning tank II is 2 to 20 seconds, the cleaning method is pure water spraying, the cleaning temperature is 30 to 70°C, and the strip is squeezed dry after leaving pure water cleaning tank I and pure water cleaning tank II; under this condition, pure water can completely wash away the cleaning liquid, reaction products, etc. on the surface of the strip, ensuring the cleanliness of the strip surface after cleaning, avoiding spots caused by residual surface cleaning liquid, and affecting corrosion in downstream processes.

[0017] In the above step (2), the cleaning time in pure water cleaning box I and pure water cleaning box II is 8 to 12 seconds, and the cleaning temperature is 50 to 60°C.

[0018] In the above step (3), the drying temperature is 120-130°C and the drying time is 10-16s. Under this condition, the pure water on the surface of the strip can be completely dried, and the strip will not be deformed or wrinkled due to the high drying temperature, thus ensuring the continuity of production.

[0019] The advantages and beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0020] 1. The existing electrolytic capacitor finished product cleaning oil cleaning can be replaced by water cleaning, which has lower cleaning costs, is more environmentally friendly, and has no fire hazards;

[0021] 2. The cleaning method of the present invention can thoroughly clean the oil, aluminum powder, additives, etc. on the surface of the finished electrolytic capacitor aluminum foil, so that the surface layer after annealing is thinner and more uniform, and the pores of the finished product are more uniform during subsequent corrosion. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 This is the test result of the oxide film thickness on the aluminum foil surface.

[0023] Figure 2 This is the surface scanning electron microscope of Example 1.

[0024] Figure 3 This is the surface scanning electron microscope of Example 2.

[0025] Figure 4 This is the surface scanning electron microscope of Comparative Example 1.

[0026] Figure 5 This is the surface scanning electron microscope of comparative example 2.

[0027] Figure 6 This is the surface scanning electron microscope of comparative example 3.

[0028] Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional scanning electron microscope of Example 1.

[0029] Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional scanning electron microscope of Example 2.

[0030] Fig. 9 This is a cross-sectional scanning electron microscope of comparative example 1.

[0031] Fig.10 This is a cross-sectional scanning electron microscope of comparative example 2.

[0032] Fig.11 This is a cross-sectional scanning electron microscope of comparative example 3. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] In order to further understand the present invention, the present invention is described below in conjunction with examples, but the examples are only for further elaboration of the features and advantages of the present invention, rather than for limiting the claims of the present invention.

[0034] The present invention provides a method for cleaning aluminum foil for electrolytic capacitors, the method comprising the following steps:

[0035] (1) A coil of aluminum foil for electrolytic capacitors having a finished thickness of 0.05 to 0.2 mm is passed through an unwinding mechanism and enters an alkaline cleaning box, and is cleaned with an alkaline cleaning solution having a pH value of 8 to 14 and an alkalinity of 0.1 to 1.5 mol / L as titrated by HCl. The best condition is to use an alkaline cleaning solution having a pH value of 10 to 12 and an alkalinity of 0.4 to 0.6 mol / L as titrated by HCl. For example, the alkaline cleaning solution may be composed of: 0.1 to 20 wt.% of sodium hydroxide, 0.1 to 20 wt.% of sodium silicate, 0.1 to 20 wt.% of sodium gluconate, and the remainder being water. The cleaning process includes immersion treatment and spraying treatment in sequence at a temperature of 30 to 70°C, with the immersion and spraying time being 2 to 20 seconds. Cleaning is carried out in this alkaline environment so that the cleaning agent can react with the aluminum powder, rolling oil, etc. on the surface of the foil coil, and will not react violently with the foil matrix, otherwise the aluminum surface will be eroded, chemically polished, and stress released, resulting in abnormal grain growth during the recovery recrystallization process during subsequent annealing.

[0036] (2) After the finished aluminum foil is cleaned, it leaves the alkaline cleaning box, and then uses a squeeze roller to squeeze out the alkaline cleaning agent on the surface. Then it enters the pure water cleaning box I and pure water cleaning box II in turn for spray cleaning with pure water; the cleaning temperature is 30-70°C, and the cleaning time is 2-20s. The best conditions are a cleaning temperature of 50-60°C and a spraying time of 8-12s. Under this condition, pure water can completely wash away the cleaning liquid, reaction products, etc. on the surface of the strip, ensuring the cleanliness of the strip surface after cleaning, avoiding spots caused by residual surface cleaning liquid, and affecting corrosion in downstream processes.

[0037] (3) Dry with hot air in a drying oven at 100-150℃ for 2-20s, cool after drying, and inspect the surface with defect detection equipment before winding in a winding mechanism. The best condition is drying at 120-130℃ for 10-16s. Under this condition, the pure water on the surface of the strip can be completely dried, and the strip will not be deformed or wrinkled due to excessive drying temperature, thus ensuring the continuity of production.

[0038] The alkaline washing box is provided with a brush roller for brushing the surface of the aluminum foil; the alkaline washing box is also provided with a spray head for spraying alkaline cleaning agent on the aluminum foil; and the alkaline washing box is provided with a squeeze roller outside for squeezing the alkaline cleaning agent on the surface of the aluminum foil.

[0039] The pure water cleaning box I and the pure water cleaning box II are both provided with a spray head for spraying pure water onto the aluminum foil; and a squeezing roller is provided outside for squeezing pure water off the surface of the aluminum foil.

[0040] Embodiment 1:

[0041] The cleaning method of the aluminum foil for electrolytic capacitors in this embodiment comprises the following steps:

[0042] (1) A coil with a thickness of 0.100 mm is unrolled by an unwinding mechanism and then placed in an alkaline cleaning box filled with an alkaline cleaning solution with a pH value of 10 and an HCl titration alkalinity of 0.4 mol / L. The coil is first soaked at 50° C. for 8 seconds and then sprayed for 8 seconds. During the soaking and spraying processes, the surface of the aluminum foil is cleaned with a brush roller. After spraying, the coil is cleaned with a brush roller for 2 seconds and then taken out of the alkaline cleaning box and the surface is squeezed dry. In this embodiment, the alkaline cleaning solution is composed of: 10 wt.% sodium hydroxide, 6 wt.% sodium silicate, 8 wt.% sodium gluconate, and the rest is water.

[0043] (2) Place the aluminum foil in a pure water cleaning box I and spray clean it with pure water at a temperature of 50°C for 8 seconds and then squeeze it dry;

[0044] (3) Place the aluminum foil in a pure water cleaning box II and spray clean it with pure water at a temperature of 50°C for 8 seconds and then squeeze it dry;

[0045] (4) Dry in a drying oven at 120°C for 10 seconds, and after cooling, pass through a surface defect detection device and then be coiled in a coiling mechanism. The surface SEM and cross-sectional SEM images of the obtained product are shown in Figures 1 and 2. Figure 2 , Figure 7 shown.

[0046] Embodiment 2:

[0047] The cleaning method of the aluminum foil for electrolytic capacitors in this embodiment comprises the following steps:

[0048] (1) A coil with a thickness of 0.150 mm is unrolled by an unwinding mechanism and then placed in an alkaline cleaning box filled with an alkaline cleaning solution with a pH value of 12 and an HCl titration alkalinity of 0.60 mol / L. The coil is first soaked at 60° C. for 12 seconds and then sprayed for 12 seconds. During the soaking and spraying processes, the surface of the aluminum foil is cleaned with a brush roller. After spraying, the coil is cleaned with a brush roller for 2 seconds and then squeezed dry after exiting the alkaline cleaning box. The composition of the alkaline cleaning solution in this embodiment is the same as that in Example 1.

[0049] (2) Place the aluminum foil in a pure water cleaning box I and spray it with pure water at a temperature of 60°C for 12 seconds and then squeeze it dry;

[0050] (3) Place the aluminum foil in a pure water cleaning box II and spray clean it with pure water at a temperature of 60°C. Spray for 12 seconds and then squeeze dry.

[0051] (4) Dry in a drying oven at 130°C for 16 seconds, and after cooling, pass through a surface defect detection device and then be coiled in a coiling mechanism. The surface SEM and cross-sectional SEM images of the obtained product are shown in Figures 1 and 2. Figure 3 , Figure 8 shown.

[0052] Comparative Example 1:

[0053] The cleaning method of aluminum foil for electrolytic capacitors in this example includes the following steps:

[0054] (1) A coil with a thickness of 0.120 mm is unrolled by an unwinding mechanism and then placed in an alkaline cleaning box filled with an alkaline cleaning solution with a pH value of 8 and an HCl titration alkalinity of 0.20 mol / L. The coil is first soaked at 40° C. for 5 seconds and then sprayed for 5 seconds. During the soaking and spraying processes, the surface of the aluminum foil is cleaned with a brush roller. After spraying, the coil is cleaned with a brush roller for 2 seconds and then taken out of the alkaline cleaning box and the surface is squeezed dry. The composition of the alkaline cleaning solution in this example is the same as that in Example 1.

[0055] (2) Place the aluminum foil in a pure water cleaning box I and spray it with pure water at a temperature of 40°C for 8 seconds before squeezing it dry;

[0056] (3) Place the aluminum foil in a pure water cleaning box II and spray clean it with pure water at a temperature of 40°C for 8 seconds and then squeeze it dry;

[0057] (4) Dry in a drying oven at 110°C for 10 seconds, and after cooling, pass through a surface defect detection device and then be coiled in a coiling mechanism. The surface SEM and cross-sectional SEM images of the obtained product are shown in Figures 1 and 2. Figure 4 , Fig. 9 shown.

[0058] Comparative Example 2:

[0059] The cleaning method of aluminum foil for electrolytic capacitors in this example includes the following steps:

[0060] (1) A coil with a thickness of 0.120 mm was unrolled by an unwinding mechanism and then placed in an alkaline cleaning box filled with an alkaline cleaning solution with a pH value of 14 and an HCl titration alkalinity of 2.0 mol / L. The coil was first soaked at 70° C. for 15 seconds and then sprayed for 15 seconds. During the soaking and spraying processes, the surface of the aluminum foil was cleaned with a brush roller. After spraying, the coil was cleaned with a brush roller for 2 seconds and then taken out of the alkaline cleaning box and the surface was squeezed dry. The composition of the alkaline cleaning solution in this example was the same as that in Example 1.

[0061] (2) Place the aluminum foil in a pure water cleaning box I and spray it with pure water at a temperature of 70°C for 15 seconds and then squeeze it dry;

[0062] (3) Place the aluminum foil in a pure water cleaning box II and spray clean it with pure water at a temperature of 70°C. Spray for 15 seconds and then squeeze dry.

[0063] (4) Dry in a drying oven at 140°C for 15 seconds, and after cooling, pass through a surface defect detection device and then be coiled in a coiling mechanism. The surface SEM and cross-sectional SEM images of the obtained product are shown in the figure below: Figure 5 , Fig.10 shown.

[0064] Comparative Example 3:

[0065] The cleaning method of aluminum foil for electrolytic capacitors in this example includes the following steps:

[0066] (1) After the 0.120 mm thick coil is unrolled by the unwinding mechanism, it is placed in a cleaning box filled with cleaning oil, first soaked at 40°C for 15 seconds, then sprayed for 15 seconds, and then brushed with a brush roller and squeezed dry on the surface;

[0067] (2) Place the aluminum foil in cleaning box I and spray it with cleaning oil at a temperature of 40°C. Spray for 15 seconds and then squeeze it dry.

[0068] (3) Place the aluminum foil in cleaning box II and spray clean it with cleaning oil at a temperature of 40°C. Spray for 15 seconds and then squeeze dry.

[0069] (4) Dry in a drying oven at 110°C for 15 seconds, and after cooling, pass through a surface defect detection device and then be coiled in a coiling mechanism. The surface SEM and cross-sectional SEM images of the obtained product are shown in Figures 1 and 2. Figure 6 , Fig.11 shown.

[0070] By testing the surface oxide film thickness of the annealed material coils of the above-mentioned embodiment and comparative example, the following results can be obtained: Figure 1 The results in Table 2 can be obtained by analyzing the different situations of surface pores after corrosion of small samples:

[0071] Table 1 Thickness of oxide film on aluminum foil surface

[0072] serial number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Mean Scattering Example 1 5.12 4.99 4.98 5.02 5.05 5.03 5.05 5.07 5.09 5.13 5.10 5.06 5.14 5.06 3.04％ Example 2 5.02 4.99 4.99 5.00 5.06 5.05 5.05 5.11 5.13 5.10 5.06 5.13 5.17 5.07 3.54％ Comparative Example 1 5.02 5.18 5.06 5.14 5.13 5.16 5.19 5.19 5.17 5.22 5.15 5.25 5.32 5.17 5.64％ Comparative Example 2 4.92 4.98 4.94 5.08 5.04 5.01 5.10 5.08 5.11 5.05 5.13 5.07 5.14 5.05 4.28％ Comparative Example 3 5.11 5.33 5.03 5.26 5.16 5.19 5.17 5.28 5.16 5.20 5.25 5.23 5.39 5.21 6.74％

[0073] Table 2 Surface pore analysis

[0074] sample Pore ​​density Pore ​​area ratio Single hole ratio Example 1 32.94％ 29.56％ 57.60％ Example 2 29.28％ 30.63％ 56.29％ Comparative Example 1 26.76％ 27.01％ 56.07％ Comparative Example 2 30.91％ 28.14％ 55.53％ Comparative Example 3 25.95％ 25.11％ 55.76％

[0075] It can be seen from the above embodiments and comparative examples that the aluminum foil for electrolytic capacitors (Example 1 and Example 2) produced under the conditions defined by the method for cleaning the finished aluminum foil for electrolytic capacitors of the present invention has a thinner surface oxide layer and better uniformity after annealing the finished product at 500-600°C. After the sample is corroded, the surface pore density and pore area account for a larger proportion, which is more conducive to the production and manufacturing of high-capacity products. In addition, in Comparative Example 2 of the comparative examples, i.e., the product is cleaned with an alkali solution of high pH and high HCl titration alkalinity, a violent surface reaction and bubble generation occur during the cleaning process, and after annealing the finished product at 500-600°C, a secondary growth of grains occurs, causing the product to be unable to be used normally.

[0076] That is, in the present invention, under the recommended cleaning conditions, the products produced can meet the quality requirements of aluminum foil for electrolytic capacitors on the one hand, and on the other hand, the improvement of surface cleanliness, reduction and uniformity of the oxide layer can reduce the difficulty of pre-treatment of downstream corrosion manufacturers and improve the corrosion performance of the products.

Claims

1. A cleaning technology for aluminum foil for electrolytic capacitors, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: after the finished aluminum foil roll for electrolytic capacitor passes through an unwinding mechanism, it is sequentially cleaned with an alkaline cleaning agent, cleaned with pure water, and dried. The method specifically comprises the following steps: (1) The finished aluminum foil is placed in an alkaline cleaning box filled with an alkaline cleaning agent for cleaning. The cleaning process includes a soaking treatment and a spraying treatment in sequence at a temperature of 30 to 70°C. (2) After the finished aluminum foil is cleaned, it leaves the alkaline cleaning box, and then uses a squeeze roller to squeeze out the alkaline cleaning agent on the surface, and then enters the pure water cleaning box I and pure water cleaning box II in turn to be cleaned with pure water; (3) Hot air drying is performed in a drying oven at 100-150° C. for 2-20 seconds, followed by cooling. After cooling, the surface is inspected by a defect detection device, and then the surface is wound up by a winding mechanism.

2. The cleaning technology for aluminum foil for electrolytic capacitors according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (1), the finished aluminum foil for electrolytic capacitor has a thickness of 0.05 to 0.2 mm.

3. The cleaning technology for aluminum foil for electrolytic capacitors according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (1), the pH value of the alkaline cleaning agent is 8.5-13.5, and the alkalinity of HCl titration is 0.25-1.5 mol / L.

4. The cleaning technology for aluminum foil for electrolytic capacitors according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that: In step (1), the pH value of the alkaline cleaning agent is 10-12, and the alkalinity of HCl titration is 0.4-0.6 mol / L.

5. The cleaning technology for aluminum foil for electrolytic capacitors according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (1), the immersion is to immerse the aluminum foil in an alkaline cleaning agent for 2 to 20 seconds, and then spray the aluminum foil with an alkaline cleaning agent for 2 to 20 seconds. During the immersion and spraying processes, a brush roller is used to scrub the surface of the aluminum foil, and after the spraying treatment, a brush roller is used to scrub the surface of the aluminum foil for a period of time before exiting the alkaline cleaning box.

6. The cleaning technology for aluminum foil for electrolytic capacitors according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step (1), the cleaning temperature is 50-60°C, the immersion time is 8-12s, and the spraying time is 8-12s; after the surface of the aluminum foil is cleaned, the rolling oil and aluminum powder can fully react with the cleaning liquid, and will not cause excessive corrosion of the aluminum substrate of the material coil, resulting in subsequent surface abnormalities.

7. The cleaning technology for aluminum foil for electrolytic capacitors according to claim 5, characterized in that: The alkaline washing box is provided with a brush roller for brushing the surface of the aluminum foil; the alkaline washing box is also provided with a spray head for spraying alkaline cleaning agent on the aluminum foil; and the alkaline washing box is provided with a squeeze roller outside for squeezing the alkaline cleaning agent on the surface of the aluminum foil.

8. The cleaning technology for aluminum foil for electrolytic capacitors according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (2), the cleaning time in pure water cleaning box I and pure water cleaning box II is 2 to 20 seconds, the cleaning method is pure water spraying, the cleaning temperature is 30 to 70°C, and the strip is squeezed dry after leaving pure water cleaning box I and pure water cleaning box II; under this condition, pure water can completely wash away the cleaning liquid, reaction products, etc. on the surface of the strip, ensuring the cleanliness of the strip surface after cleaning, avoiding spots caused by residual surface cleaning liquid, and affecting corrosion in downstream processes.

9. The cleaning technology of aluminum foil for electrolytic capacitors according to claim 1 or 8, characterized in that: In step (2), the cleaning time in pure water cleaning box I and pure water cleaning box II is 8 to 12 seconds, and the cleaning temperature is 50 to 60°C.

10. The cleaning technology for aluminum foil for electrolytic capacitors according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (3), the drying temperature is 120-130° C. and the drying time is 10-16 seconds. Under this condition, the pure water on the surface of the strip can be completely dried, and the strip will not be deformed or wrinkled due to the high drying temperature, thereby ensuring the continuity of production.

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