Variable-structure cannonball with adjustable projectile length

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of ammunition development, and particularly relates to a variable-structure projectile with adjustable projectile length, which specifically comprises a body, a projectile head, a projectile tail, a length adjusting assembly, a limiting unlocking assembly and a projectile belt, the bullet head and the bullet tail are arranged in the body and can slide in the axial direction relative to the body. The length adjusting assembly is arranged between the bullet head and the bullet tail and used for adjusting the length of the bullet head part, the length of the bullet tail part and the total length of the bullet. The bullet belt is arranged at the rear position of the outer surface of the body in a sleeving mode, and the limiting unlocking set is arranged between the bullet head and the bullet tail and used for achieving unlocking and limiting of the bullet belt. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that the belt of the projectile can be removed after the projectile is out of a chamber, and the length of the projectile head, the length of the projectile tail and the total length of the projectile are adjusted according to the speed of the projectile in the flying process, so that air resistance is effectively reduced, and the artillery range is increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of ammunition development, and in particular relates to a variable-structure artillery shell with adjustable projectile length. Background Art

[0002] Most current artillery shells are fixed structures. For example, the most common grenade has a conical warhead in the front, a cylindrical body in the middle and rear, a boat-tail tail at the rear, and a belt fixed to the rear of the body. When fired, the gunpowder gas in the barrel pushes the projectile forward, and the projectile belt and the barrel rifling work together to make the projectile rotate at high speed while moving forward, ensuring flight stability.

[0003] In exterior ballistics, we know that there are three types of air resistance: friction resistance, eddy resistance and shock wave resistance. Friction resistance is caused by the friction between the projectile surface and the air. To reduce friction resistance, we need to try to make the projectile surface smooth. Eddy resistance is caused by the pressure difference between the high air pressure in front and the low pressure in the back during the forward movement of the projectile. The air around the low-pressure area flows over to supplement the vortex at the bottom of the projectile, so it is called eddy resistance. To reduce eddy resistance, the tail of the projectile should be made streamlined or stern-shaped, or bottom concave or bottom discharge technology should be used. Shock wave resistance is caused by the high-speed movement of the projectile. The air disturbance caused in front of the projectile does not have time to propagate and overlaps, forming a dense air layer in front of the projectile. The pressure and temperature of the air layer increase and consume energy. To reduce shock wave resistance, the head of the projectile should be made very sharp, such as the jujube-core bomb technology. Taking into account the different compositions of air resistance at different projectile speeds, such as a higher proportion of friction resistance at low speeds and a higher proportion of shock wave resistance at high speeds, we can derive the law of projectile shape that minimizes the air resistance of the projectile: as the projectile speed increases, the total length of the projectile and the length of the warhead will gradually increase, and the length of the tail will gradually decrease.

[0004] Looking at the current grenades, they are usually fired at a certain shooting angle. During the flight of the projectile, the projectile speed gradually decreases (rising arc segment) and then gradually increases (falling arc segment). Since the projectile is a fixed structure, the air resistance cannot be reduced by adjusting the projectile shape. In addition, after the projectile is fired, the grooved belt remains on the projectile body, which increases the friction resistance of the projectile. Considering the development of guided artillery shell technology in recent years, it is possible to adjust the projectile structure during the flight of the projectile, so a variable structure projectile design with adjustable projectile length is proposed. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a variable structure artillery shell with adjustable projectile length, so that the bullet belt can be removed after the projectile leaves the barrel, and the length of each part of the projectile can be adjusted according to the projectile speed during flight, thereby effectively reducing air resistance and increasing the range of the artillery.

[0006] The technical solution for achieving the purpose of the present invention is: a variable-structure artillery shell with adjustable projectile length, comprising a body, a warhead, a tail, a length adjustment component, a limit unlocking component and a belt; the warhead and the tail are arranged in the body, and the warhead and the tail can slide in the axial direction relative to the body; the length adjustment component is arranged between the warhead and the tail, and is used to adjust the length of the warhead part, the length of the tail part and the total length of the projectile; the belt sleeve is arranged at a rear position on the outer surface of the body, and the limit unlocking component is arranged between the warhead and the tail, and is used to realize the unlocking and limiting of the belt.

[0007] Furthermore, a bullet nose anti-rotation groove and a bullet tail anti-rotation groove are provided in the body, and the anti-rotation grooves are used to limit the rotation of the bullet nose and the bullet tail relative to the body; a gap is set between the bullet belt and the outer surface of the body, and four through holes are opened on the wall of the body opposite to the center position of the bullet belt for passing the push rod in the positioning assembly.

[0008] Furthermore, the bullet includes a cylindrical section and an elliptical conical section, and a bullet threaded hole is opened at the central axis of the bottom surface of the cylindrical section; a bullet stop pin is arranged on the side wall of the cylindrical section of the bullet, which cooperates with the bullet stop groove.

[0009] Furthermore, the tail of the bullet includes a cylindrical section and a truncated cone end, and a tail threaded hole is opened at the central axis of the bottom surface of the cylindrical section; a tail stop pin is arranged on the side wall of the cylindrical section of the tail of the bullet, which cooperates with the tail stop groove.

[0010] Furthermore, the limit unlocking assembly includes a control cabin, a push rod cabin, a cylindrical connecting rod, a push rod, a push rod spring, a cam and a cam motor; a fan-shaped fixing plate is arranged in the control cabin, the inner central axis is fixedly connected to the push rod cabin, and the outer side is fixedly connected to the main body; one end of the cylindrical connecting rod is fixedly installed at the through hole position on the main body, and the other end is fixedly connected to the cylinder wall of the push rod cabin, and a push rod spring is arranged outside the push rod and installed in the cylindrical connecting rod; the cam motor is fixedly installed in the push rod cabin, and the cam motor shaft of the cam motor is fixedly connected to the cam, and then the rotation of the cam motor shaft drives the cam to rotate.

[0011] Furthermore, a connecting rod baffle is provided at one end of the cylindrical connecting rod close to the elastic belt; a hole is opened on the side wall of the push rod cabin, and the position corresponding to the hole is connected with the cylindrical connecting rod.

[0012] Furthermore, the push rod includes a rod body, a push rod head, a push rod protrusion and a push rod tail end; the push rod head cooperates with the circular hole-shaped elastic belt groove for elastic belt limiting; the push rod protrusion is used to connect one end of the push rod spring, the other end of the push rod spring is connected to the connecting rod baffle, and the push rod tail end contacts the outer contour line of the cam.

[0013] Furthermore, the length adjustment assembly includes two groups of motor assemblies, namely, a warhead motor and a tail motor; the warhead motor is fixedly mounted on the front cylindrical end surface of the push rod cabin, and the warhead motor has a warhead motor shaft, which is connected to the warhead lead screw, which cooperates with the warhead threaded hole on the warhead, and the rotation of the warhead motor shaft drives the warhead lead screw to rotate and then drives the warhead to move along the axial direction of the main body; the tail motor is fixedly mounted on the other end cylindrical end surface of the push rod cabin, and the tail motor has a tail motor shaft, which is connected to the tail lead screw, which cooperates with the tail threaded hole on the tail, and the rotation of the tail motor shaft drives the tail lead screw to rotate and then drives the tail to move along the axial direction of the main body.

[0014] Furthermore, a speed sensor, a controller and a power supply are also provided on the fixed plate of the control cabin. The speed sensor is used to collect the speed signal of the projectile; the controller is used to control the driving timing and driving duration of the motor group.

[0015] Furthermore, the cam is a four-part structure, including four convex parts and four concave parts.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following significant advantages:

[0017] (1) By adjusting the length of the warhead, the tail and the total length of the projectile, the air resistance can be effectively reduced and the artillery range can be increased.

[0018] (2) The limiting and unlocking of the elastic belt can be achieved through the design of the limiting and unlocking components, which can also reduce air resistance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the rotating body of a variable structure projectile;

[0020] Figure 2 It is a cross-sectional view of the warhead;

[0021] Figure 3 It is a cross-sectional view of the tail of the projectile;

[0022] Figure 4 It is a cross-sectional view of a variable structure projectile;

[0023] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the cam and push rod structure position;

[0024] Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional diagram of the rotating belt.

[0025] 1—main body; 1.1—anti-rotation groove of bullet nose 1.2—anti-rotation groove of tail of bullet; 2—bullet; 2.1—threaded hole of bullet nose; 2.2—anti-rotation pin of bullet nose; 3—tail of bullet; 3.1—threaded hole of bullet tail; 3.2—anti-rotation pin of bullet tail; 4—bullet belt; 4.1—bullet belt groove; 5—control cabin; 5.1—fixing plate; 6—elevator cabin; 7—cylindrical connecting rod; 7.1—connecting rod baffle; 8—elevator; 8.1—elevator head; 8.2—elevator protrusion; 8.3—elevator tail end; 9—elevator spring; 10—cam; 11—power supply; 12—cable; 13—speed sensor; 14—controller; 15—motor group; 15.1—cam motor; 15.2—cam motor shaft; 15.3—bullet motor; 15.4—bullet motor shaft; 15.5—tail of bullet motor; 15.6—tail of bullet motor shaft. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The present invention discloses a projectile with adjustable length and variable structure, the projectile comprising a body 1, a warhead 2, a tail 3, a length adjustment component, a limit unlocking component and a belt 4.

[0027] The body 1 is a thin-walled cylindrical structure, with a bullet head anti-rotation groove 1.1 and a bullet tail anti-rotation groove 1.2 inside, the anti-rotation groove is used to limit the rotation of the bullet head 2 and the bullet tail 3 relative to the body 1; four through holes are opened on the cylinder wall for the push rod 8 in the positioning assembly to pass through.

[0028] The bullet 2 is a rotating body structure, divided into a cylindrical section and an elliptical cone section. The cylindrical section can slide along the axial direction in the body 1; a bullet threaded hole 2.1 is opened at the center axis of the bottom surface of the cylindrical section; a bullet stop pin 2.2 is set on the side wall of the cylindrical section of the bullet 2, which cooperates with the bullet stop groove 1.1.

[0029] The tail 3 is a rotating body structure, including a cylindrical section and a truncated cone end. The cylindrical section can slide along the axial direction in the body 1; a tail threaded hole 3.1 is opened at the center axis of the bottom surface of the cylindrical section; a tail stop pin 3.2 is arranged on the side wall of the cylindrical section of the tail 3, which cooperates with the tail stop groove 1.2.

[0030] Furthermore, there is a smooth transition between the body 1 and the warhead and tail to reduce air resistance.

[0031] The elastic belt 4 is a cylindrical structure, installed on the outer wall of the main body 1, and has a clearance fit with the main body 1; four circular hole-shaped elastic belt grooves 4.1 are opened on the inner side of the elastic belt 4 for matching with the push rod 8.

[0032] The limit unlocking assembly includes a control cabin 5, a push rod cabin 6, a cylindrical connecting rod 7, a push rod 8, a push rod spring 9, a cam 10 and a cam motor 15.1; four fan-shaped fixing plates 5.1 are arranged in the control cabin 5, the inner central axis is fixedly connected to the push rod cabin 6, and the outer side is fixedly connected to the body 1; one end of the cylindrical connecting rod 7 is fixedly installed at the through hole position on the body 1, and the other end is fixedly connected to the cylinder wall of the push rod cabin 6, the cam motor 15.1 is fixedly installed in the push rod cabin 6, and the cam motor shaft 15.2 of the cam motor 15.1 is fixedly connected to the cam 10, and then the rotation of the cam motor shaft 15.2 drives the cam 10 to rotate.

[0033] The cylindrical connecting rod 7 is a hollow structure, and a connecting rod baffle 7.1 is provided at one end close to the elastic belt 4; a hole is opened on the side wall of the push rod compartment 6, and the position of the corresponding hole is connected with the cylindrical connecting rod 7; the push rod spring 9 is sleeved on the push rod 8 and installed in the cylindrical connecting rod 7, cooperating with the outer contour line of the cam to realize the movement of the push rod 8 in the cylindrical connecting rod 7 and along the length direction of the cylindrical connecting rod 7, thereby realizing locking and unlocking with the elastic belt 4.

[0034] Four sets of cylindrical connecting rods 7 are provided; furthermore, four sets of ejector rods 8 and ejector rod springs 9 are provided.

[0035] The push rod 8 includes a rod body, a push rod head 8.1, a push rod protrusion 8.2 and a push rod tail end 8.3; the push rod head 8.1 cooperates with the circular hole-shaped elastic belt groove 4.1 to limit the elastic belt; the push rod protrusion 8.2 is used to connect one end of the push rod spring 9, the other end of the push rod spring 9 is connected to the connecting rod baffle 7.1, and the push rod tail end 8.3 contacts the outer contour line of the cam; thereby driving the entire push rod 8 to move in the cylindrical connecting rod 7.

[0036] The cam 10 is a four-part structure, including 4 convex parts and 4 concave parts. The outer contour line of the cam 10 contacts the push rod tail end 8.3. When the convex part contacts the push rod tail end 8.3, the push rod 8 moves outward along the radial direction, compressing the push rod spring 9, and the push rod head 8.1 is inserted into the circular hole-shaped elastic belt groove 4.1 to achieve locking of the elastic belt 4, thereby limiting the axial and circumferential movement of the elastic belt 4 along the body 1. At this time, a gap is formed between the elastic belt 4 and the outer wall of the body 1; when the concave part contacts the push rod tail end 8.3, the pressure on the push rod spring 9 is cancelled. Due to the action of the spring 9, the push rod 8 moves inward along the radial direction, and the push rod head 8.1 is separated from the annular elastic belt groove 4.1, thereby unlocking the elastic belt;

[0037] The push rod cabin 6 is a cylindrical hollow structure.

[0038] The length adjustment assembly includes two motor assemblies, namely, a bullet motor 15.3 and a tail motor 15.5; the bullet motor 15.3 is fixedly mounted on the front cylindrical end surface of the push rod cabin 6, and the bullet motor 15.3 has a bullet motor shaft 15.4, which is connected to the bullet lead screw, which cooperates with the bullet threaded hole 2.1 on the bullet 2, and the bullet motor shaft 15.4 rotates to drive the bullet lead screw to rotate and then drives the bullet to move along the axis direction of the body 1. The tail motor 15.5 is fixedly mounted on the other end cylindrical end surface of the push rod cabin 6, and the tail motor 15.5 has a tail motor shaft 15.6, which is connected to the tail lead screw, which cooperates with the tail threaded hole 3.1 on the tail 3, and the tail motor shaft 15.6 rotates to drive the tail lead screw to rotate and then drives the tail to move along the axis direction of the body 1.

[0039] Further, the cam motor 15.1, the bullet head motor 15.3 and the bullet tail motor 15.5 are servo motors;

[0040] A speed sensor 13, a controller 14 and a power supply 11 are also provided on the fixed plate 5.1 of the control cabin 5. The speed sensor 13 is used to collect the speed signal of the projectile; the controller 14 is used to control the driving timing and driving duration of the motor group; the speed sensor 13, the controller 14 and the power supply 11 are fixed on the fixed plate 5.1, and the installation positions of the speed sensor 13, the controller 14 and the power supply 11 are reasonably arranged to ensure that the center of mass of the projectile is near the central axis of the body 1. The speed sensor, the controller, the power supply and the motor are connected by a cable 12.

[0041] The working process of the projectile length adjustable variable structure artillery shell of the present invention is as follows:

[0042] Before the shell is fired, the convex part of the cam 10 contacts the rear end 8.3 of the push rod, and the push rod head 8.1 is stuck in the belt groove 4.1, limiting the axial movement and circumferential rotation movement of the belt 4 relative to the body, and maintaining a slight gap between the belt 4 and the body 1.

[0043] When the projectile is squeezed into the rifling, the belt 4 is squeezed by the rifling and grooves are engraved on the surface of the belt. The belt 4 is squeezed and deformed, and the inner surface is close to the surface of the body. After the projectile is ejected from the chamber, the squeezing effect of the rifling disappears, the elastic deformation of the belt 4 is restored, and the gap between the inner surface of the belt 4 and the outer surface of the body 1 reappears, preparing for the release of the belt 4.

[0044] After the projectile is ejected from the chamber, the controller 14 calculates the ejection distance of the projectile according to the signal of the speed sensor 13. When the projectile is ejected from the chamber for tens of meters, the controller 14 drives the cam motor to rotate 45°. At this time, the tail end 8.3 of the push rod is out of contact with the convex part of the cam 4. Under the action of the restoring force of the push rod spring 9, the push rod 8 moves toward the axis of the projectile, the tail end 8.3 of the push rod is against the concave part of the cam 4, and the head 8.1 of the push rod is out of the belt groove 4.1, releasing the restriction on the belt 4.1, and the belt 4.1 slides backward from the projectile body under the action of air resistance.

[0045] Afterwards, the controller 14 drives the bullet head motor 15.3 and the bullet tail motor 15.5 in a timely manner according to the signal of the speed sensor 13, so that the bullet head 2 and the bullet tail 3 move along the axial direction of the body 1. According to the principle of "as the speed of the projectile increases, the length of the projectile head and the total length of the projectile become longer, and the length of the tail of the projectile becomes shorter", the length of each part of the projectile is adjusted to ensure that the air resistance of the projectile is small, so as to achieve the purpose of increasing the range of the projectile.

Claims

1. A variable structure artillery shell with adjustable projectile length, characterized in that: It includes a body, a bullet, a tail, a length adjustment component, a limit unlocking component and an ammunition belt; the bullet and the tail are arranged in the body, and the bullet and the tail can slide in the axial direction relative to the body; the length adjustment component is arranged between the bullet and the tail, and is used to adjust the length of the bullet head, the length of the tail and the total length of the projectile; the ammunition belt sleeve is arranged at the rear position of the outer surface of the body, and the limit unlocking component is arranged between the bullet and the tail, and is used to realize the unlocking and limiting of the ammunition belt.

2. The variable structure artillery shell with adjustable projectile length according to claim 1, characterized in that: The body is provided with a bullet nose anti-rotation groove and a bullet tail anti-rotation groove, which are used to limit the rotation of the bullet nose and the bullet tail relative to the body; a gap is set between the bullet belt and the outer surface of the body, and four through holes are opened on the wall of the body opposite to the center position of the bullet belt for passing the push rod in the positioning assembly.

3. The variable structure artillery shell with adjustable projectile length according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bullet comprises a cylindrical section and an elliptical conical section, and a bullet threaded hole is opened at the central axis of the bottom surface of the cylindrical section; a bullet stop pin is arranged on the side wall of the cylindrical section of the bullet and cooperates with the bullet stop groove.

4. The variable structure artillery shell with adjustable projectile length according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tail of the bullet comprises a cylindrical section and a truncated cone end, and a tail threaded hole is opened at the central axis of the bottom surface of the cylindrical section; a tail stop pin is arranged on the side wall of the cylindrical section of the tail of the bullet, which cooperates with the tail stop groove.

5. The variable structure artillery shell with adjustable projectile length according to claim 1, characterized in that: The limit unlocking assembly includes a control cabin, a push rod cabin, a cylindrical connecting rod, a push rod, a push rod spring, a cam and a cam motor; a fan-shaped fixing plate is arranged in the control cabin, the inner central axis is fixedly connected to the push rod cabin, and the outer side is fixedly connected to the body; one end of the cylindrical connecting rod is fixedly installed at the through hole position on the body, and the other end is fixedly connected to the cylinder wall of the push rod cabin, and a push rod spring is arranged outside the push rod and installed in the cylindrical connecting rod; the cam motor is fixedly installed in the push rod cabin, and the cam motor shaft of the cam motor is fixedly connected to the cam, and then the rotation of the cam motor shaft drives the cam to rotate.

6. The variable structure artillery shell with adjustable projectile length according to claim 5, characterized in that: A connecting rod baffle is arranged at one end of the cylindrical connecting rod close to the ammunition belt; a hole is opened on the side wall of the push rod cabin, and the position corresponding to the hole is connected with the cylindrical connecting rod.

7. The variable structure artillery shell with adjustable projectile length according to claim 6, characterized in that: The push rod includes a rod body, a push rod head, a push rod protrusion and a push rod tail end; the push rod head cooperates with the circular hole-shaped elastic belt groove to limit the elastic belt; the push rod protrusion is used to connect one end of the push rod spring, the other end of the push rod spring is connected to the connecting rod baffle, and the push rod tail end contacts the outer contour line of the cam.

8. The variable structure artillery shell with adjustable projectile length according to claim 1, characterized in that: The length adjustment assembly includes two groups of motor assemblies, namely the warhead motor and the tail motor; the warhead motor is fixedly installed on the front cylindrical end face of the push rod cabin, the warhead motor has a warhead motor shaft, the warhead motor shaft is connected to the warhead lead screw, the warhead lead screw cooperates with the warhead threaded hole on the warhead, the rotation of the warhead motor shaft drives the warhead lead screw to rotate and then drives the warhead to move along the axial direction of the body; the tail motor is fixedly installed on the other end cylindrical end face of the push rod cabin, the tail motor has a tail motor shaft, the tail motor shaft is connected to the tail lead screw, the tail lead screw cooperates with the tail threaded hole on the tail, the rotation of the tail motor shaft drives the tail lead screw to rotate and then drives the tail to move along the axial direction of the body.

9. The variable structure artillery shell with adjustable projectile length according to claim 8, characterized in that: A speed sensor, a controller and a power supply are also provided on the fixed plate of the control cabin. The speed sensor is used to collect the speed signal of the projectile; the controller is used to control the driving timing and driving duration of the motor group.

10. The variable structure artillery shell with adjustable projectile length according to claim 7, characterized in that: The cam is a four-part structure, including four convex parts and four concave parts.

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