Rat-proof and ant-proof water-blocking cable and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a rat-proof and termite-proof water-blocking cable and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of power cables. The cable is composed of a conductor, an insulating layer, a metal shielding layer, a waterproof layer, a metal sheath layer and an outer sheath layer. Wherein the material of the outer sheath layer takes high-density polyethylene as a matrix, so that the cable is endowed with good insulativity and mechanical property; compared with chemical crosslinking, the irradiation method is high in crosslinking efficiency, low in energy consumption, free of pollution and good in comprehensive performance; compared with common glass fibers, the glass fibers are modified, so that the compatibility with a polyethylene matrix is good, the mechanical strength of the cable can be greatly enhanced, and the anti-rat and anti-termite performance is improved; the prepared modifier not only can play a synergistic role and greatly enhance the flame retardance of the cable, but also can enhance the rat-proof, waterproof and mechanical properties of the cable; therefore, the cable prepared by the invention has efficient flame-retardant, rat-and-ant-proof, water-blocking and mechanical properties, is excellent in comprehensive performance, and has important application value in the technical field of power cables.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of power cables, and in particular relates to a rat-proof, ant-proof and water-blocking cable and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous development of civil aviation, a large number of trunk airports and branch airports have been newly built and expanded. However, my country has a vast territory. If ordinary airport navigation lighting cables are used, they may be eroded by moisture, rats and ants, cold, salt spray and corrosion in different regions, and the cables are easily damaged. The stability of airport navigation lighting cables directly affects the safety of aircraft, personnel and the safe operation of the entire airport.

[0003] The composition of the airport navigation lighting cable can be generally divided into three main structural components: conductor, insulation layer and sheath. Since the outermost layer of the cable is protected by the sheath, the performance of the sheath determines whether the performance of the cable is excellent; common cable sheath materials include polypropylene, polyethylene, cross-linked polyolefin, polyvinyl chloride, etc., among which cross-linked polyolefin materials have excellent mechanical and physical properties, electrical properties, high operating temperature, corrosion resistance, good heat resistance, etc. Commonly used cross-linking methods include radiation cross-linking, peroxide cross-linking, and silane cross-linking. Among them, the radiation cross-linking method has a uniform and controllable degree of cross-linking. It is an efficient and environmentally friendly cross-linking method that is increasingly valued by the industry. However, polyolefin materials have a low oxygen index and poor flame retardant properties. They are prone to burn when encountering open flames, which poses certain safety hazards. Moreover, due to the particularity of the airport's location, the presence of small wild animals such as hares and voles poses a threat to the reliable operation of the airport's navigation lighting cables and the safe takeoff and landing of aircraft around the clock. In addition, most of my country's relatively economically active regions have relatively high precipitation, and they also need to have water-blocking properties. Therefore, it is urgent to solve the above problems to meet the higher demands in the field of power cable technology. Summary of the invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to overcome the defects of the prior art and to provide a rat-proof and ant-proof water-blocking cable and a preparation method thereof.

[0005] The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0006] A rat-proof and ant-proof water-blocking cable comprises a conductor, an insulating layer, a metal shielding layer, a water-blocking layer, a metal sheath layer and an outer sheath layer which are arranged in sequence from the inside to the outside.

[0007] Furthermore, the material of the conductor is Category 2 or Category 5 bare copper stranded wire.

[0008] Furthermore, the material of the insulating layer is cross-linked polyolefin or ethylene-propylene rubber insulating material.

[0009] Furthermore, the material of the metal shielding layer is copper tape.

[0010] Furthermore, the material of the water-blocking layer is aluminum-plastic composite tape and high-density polyethylene.

[0011] Furthermore, the material of the metal sheath layer is aluminum strip.

[0012] The water-blocking layer is made of aluminum-plastic composite tape and high-density polyethylene, which has excellent radial water-blocking performance; the material of the metal sheath layer is aluminum tape, which can effectively improve the ability to resist ant and rat bites and enhance the cable's anti-rat and ant performance.

[0013] A method for preparing a rat-proof and ant-proof water-blocking cable comprises the following steps:

[0014] Category 2 or 5 bare copper stranded wire is used as the conductor, and cross-linked polyolefin or ethylene propylene rubber insulation material is extruded on the conductor to form an insulation layer. A copper tape is wrapped around the surface of the insulation layer to form a metal shielding layer. An aluminum-plastic composite tape is then longitudinally wrapped and high-density polyethylene is extruded to form a water-blocking layer. An aluminum tape is then wrapped to form a metal sheath layer. The material of the outer sheath layer is then extruded and coated on the surface of the metal sheath layer, and finally cross-linked to obtain a rat-proof and ant-proof water-blocking cable.

[0015] Furthermore, the material of the outer sheath layer includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100-120 parts of high-density polyethylene, 15-25 parts of glass fiber, 5-15 parts of cross-linking agent, 7-21 parts of modifier, 3-7 parts of antioxidant, and 3-5 parts of lubricant.

[0016] Furthermore, the cross-linking agent is a composite cross-linking agent of triallyl cyanurate and triallyl pentaerythritol, and the mass ratio of the two is 4:1.

[0017] Furthermore, the antioxidant is a hindered phenol antioxidant.

[0018] Furthermore, the lubricant is one of paraffin and epoxidized soybean oil.

[0019] High-density polyethylene is used as the matrix, which gives the outer sheath layer material good mechanical and insulating properties; the polymer chains of the matrix are cross-linked through irradiation to form a tight network structure, which improves the comprehensive performance of the outer sheath layer material, and compared with chemical cross-linking, it has high efficiency, low energy consumption and no pollution; finally, the cross-linking agent used is a compound cross-linking agent containing multiple allyl ethers of unsaturated structures, which can significantly increase the cross-linking rate and improve production efficiency.

[0020] Furthermore, the modified glass fiber is prepared by the following steps:

[0021] B1. Add glass fiber to a three-necked flask equipped with a stirring reflux device, then add hydrogen peroxide dropwise. After the addition is completed, stir, heat to 110° C., reflux for 3 hours, and filter and vacuum dry to obtain hydroxylated glass fiber.

[0022] B2. Mix the hydroxylated glass fiber obtained in step B1 with an ethanol aqueous solution, add the silane coupling agent KH-550 after stirring evenly, control the reaction temperature to 75° C., react for 8 hours, filter, wash with anhydrous ethanol 3-4 times, and vacuum dry to obtain modified glass fiber.

[0023] Furthermore, the usage ratio of glass fiber, hydrogen peroxide, ethanol aqueous solution, and silane coupling agent KH-550 is 1 g:50 mL:100 mL:3.6 g.

[0024] As a reinforcement material, glass fiber can be surface-modified by using silane coupling agent KH-550 to form an organic layer on the surface of the glass fiber, thereby improving the compatibility of the glass fiber with the polyethylene matrix, making the modified glass fiber evenly dispersed in the matrix, reducing the occurrence of agglomeration, and greatly enhancing the mechanical properties of the matrix, improving the ability to resist ant and rat bites, and thus improving the anti-rat and ant performance.

[0025] Furthermore, the modifier is prepared by the following steps:

[0026] S1. Under nitrogen protection, 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) and toluene were mixed in a three-necked flask equipped with a stirring device, heated to 35°C and stirred continuously until the solid was completely dissolved, phosphorus pentasulfide (P2S5) was added, and the reaction temperature was controlled to 65°C. After reacting for 8 hours, the reaction was completed, filtered, the solvent was removed from the filtrate under reduced pressure, and then dissolved with chloroform. Saturated sodium bicarbonate solution was added dropwise under nitrogen protection. After the addition was completed, stirring was continued for 30 minutes, and the mixture was allowed to stand for stratification. The organic phase was taken and the solvent was removed by distillation under reduced pressure to obtain intermediate 1; the ratio of DOPO, toluene, and phosphorus pentasulfide was 21.6 g:100 mL:11.2 g;

[0027] DOPO reacts with phosphorus pentasulfide to introduce sulfur into the structure of DOPO to obtain intermediate 1. The specific reaction process is as follows:

[0028]

[0029] S2. Under nitrogen protection, in a three-necked flask equipped with a magnetic stirring device, the intermediate 1, capsaicin, azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) and toluene were stirred and mixed uniformly, the reaction temperature was controlled to 80°C, and the reaction was kept warm for 10 hours. After the reaction was completed, part of the solvent was removed by rotary evaporation, and then purified by column chromatography (the eluent was a mixed solvent of ethyl acetate / benzene, and the volume ratio of the two was 1:3), the eluent was removed by rotary evaporation, and vacuum dried to obtain a modifier; the ratio of the amount of intermediate 1, capsaicin, AIBN, and toluene was 23.2g:30.5g:0.2g:200mL;

[0030] Under the catalysis of AIBN, intermediate 1 reacts with capsaicin to obtain a modifier; the specific reaction process is as follows:

[0031]

[0032] The modifier is prepared by modifying natural capsaicin. As a repellent, capsaicin can inhibit the release of acetylcholine and hinder the conduction of synaptic nerves when acting on the peripheral nerve endings and central nervous system of mice. At the same time, due to the strong stimulation of capsaicin on the oral mucosa and taste nerves of mice, mice will feel highly fearful and nervous and flee in a hurry. It has the characteristics of high efficiency, green, natural, safe and non-toxic, and can improve the rodent-proof performance of cables. In addition, the modifier molecule also contains DOPO structure and sulfur element, among which DOPO is an environmentally friendly flame retardant with the advantages of high efficiency and low toxicity, good thermal stability, strong flame retardant durability, and can enhance the flame retardant properties of the matrix. The introduced sulfur element can release strong acids such as sulfuric acid under high temperature conditions, promote the dehydration of the substrate into carbon, and can also exert excellent flame retardant properties in the condensed phase, which can synergize with DOPO to greatly enhance the flame retardant properties of the matrix. Finally, the modifier molecule also contains a benzene ring structure, which is a rigid hydrophobic group, which can enhance the waterproofness and mechanical properties of the matrix to a certain extent.

[0033] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0034] The cable of the present invention is composed of a conductor, an insulating layer, a metal shielding layer, a water-blocking layer, a metal sheath layer and an outer sheath layer;

[0035] 1. The water-blocking layer is made of aluminum-plastic composite tape and high-density polyethylene, which gives the cable excellent radial water-blocking performance;

[0036] 2. The material of the metal sheath layer is aluminum tape, which can improve the anti-rat and ant performance of the cable;

[0037] 3. The material of the outer sheath layer is based on high-density polyethylene, which gives the cable good insulation and mechanical properties;

[0038] 4. Cross-linking by irradiation has high efficiency, low energy consumption and no pollution compared with chemical cross-linking. The cross-linked mesh structure improves the comprehensive performance of the cable.

[0039] 5. By modifying the glass fiber, compared with ordinary glass fiber, it has better compatibility with the polyethylene matrix, can greatly enhance the mechanical strength of the cable and improve the anti-rat and ant performance;

[0040] 6. The prepared modifier can not only play a synergistic role and greatly enhance the flame retardancy of the cable, but also enhance the rat-proof, waterproof and mechanical properties of the cable;

[0041] Therefore, the cable prepared by the present invention has high-efficiency flame retardant, rat and ant proof, water blocking and mechanical properties, and excellent comprehensive performance, and has important application value in the field of power cable technology. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] The following will be combined with the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0043] Embodiment 1

[0044] Preparation of modifier:

[0045] S1. Under nitrogen protection, 21.6 g of DOPO and 100 mL of toluene were mixed in a three-necked flask equipped with a stirring device, heated to 35° C. and stirred continuously until the solid was completely dissolved, 11.2 g of phosphorus pentasulfide was added, and the reaction temperature was controlled to 65° C. After reacting for 8 hours, the reaction was completed, filtered, the solvent was removed from the filtrate under reduced pressure, and then dissolved with chloroform, and saturated sodium bicarbonate solution was added dropwise under nitrogen protection. After the addition was completed, stirring was continued for 30 minutes, and the stratification was allowed to stand, and the organic phase was taken and the solvent was removed by distillation under reduced pressure to obtain intermediate 1;

[0046] S2. Under nitrogen protection, 23.2 g of intermediate 1, 30.5 g of capsaicin, 0.2 g of azobisisobutyronitrile and 200 mL of toluene were stirred and mixed evenly in a three-necked flask equipped with a magnetic stirring device, the reaction temperature was controlled to 80 ° C, and the reaction was kept warm for 10 hours. After the reaction was completed, part of the solvent was removed by rotary evaporation, and then purified by column chromatography (the eluent was a mixed solvent of ethyl acetate / benzene, and the volume ratio of the two was 1:3), the eluent was removed by rotary evaporation, and vacuum drying was performed to obtain a modifier.

[0047] Embodiment 2

[0048] Preparation of modifier:

[0049] S1. Under nitrogen protection, 43.2 g of DOPO and 200 mL of toluene were mixed in a three-necked flask equipped with a stirring device, heated to 35° C. and stirred continuously until the solid was completely dissolved, 22.4 g of phosphorus pentasulfide was added, and the reaction temperature was controlled to 65° C. After reacting for 8 hours, the reaction was completed, filtered, the solvent was removed from the filtrate under reduced pressure, and then dissolved with chloroform, and saturated sodium bicarbonate solution was added dropwise under nitrogen protection. After the addition was completed, stirring was continued for 30 minutes, and the stratification was allowed to stand, and the organic phase was taken and the solvent was removed by distillation under reduced pressure to obtain intermediate 1;

[0050] S2. Under nitrogen protection, 46.4 g of intermediate 1, 61.0 g of capsaicin, 0.4 g of azobisisobutyronitrile and 400 mL of toluene were stirred and mixed evenly in a three-necked flask equipped with a magnetic stirring device, the reaction temperature was controlled to 80 ° C, and the reaction was kept warm for 10 hours. After the reaction was completed, part of the solvent was removed by rotary evaporation, and then purified by column chromatography (the eluent was a mixed solvent of ethyl acetate / benzene, and the volume ratio of the two was 1:3), the eluent was removed by rotary evaporation, and vacuum drying was performed to obtain a modifier.

[0051] Embodiment 3

[0052] Preparation of modified glass fiber:

[0053] B1. Add 1 g of glass fiber to a three-necked flask equipped with a stirring reflux device, then add 50 mL of hydrogen peroxide dropwise. After the addition is completed, stir and heat to 110° C., reflux for 3 h. After the reaction is completed, filter and vacuum dry to obtain hydroxylated glass fiber;

[0054] B2. Mix the hydroxylated glass fiber obtained in step B1 with 100 mL of ethanol aqueous solution, stir evenly, add 3.6 g of silane coupling agent KH-550, control the reaction temperature to 75 ° C, react for 8 hours, filter, wash with anhydrous ethanol 3 times, and vacuum dry to obtain modified glass fiber.

[0055] Embodiment 4

[0056] Materials for making the outer sheath layer:

[0057] 100g of high-density polyethylene, 15g of the modified glass fiber prepared in Example 3, 5g of a cross-linking agent (prepared by compounding 4g of triallyl cyanurate and 1g of triallyl pentaerythritol), 7g of the modifier prepared in Example 1, 3g of antioxidant 1010 and 3g of paraffin were put into a twin-screw extruder, melt-blended, extruded and irradiated to obtain a material for an outer sheath layer;

[0058] The irradiation was performed using a domestically produced GJ-1.5 high-frequency and high-voltage electron accelerator with an energy of 1.5 MeV and a current of 25 mA; the irradiation dose rate was 5 kGy / time, and the total irradiation dose was 100 kGy.

[0059] Embodiment 5

[0060] Materials for making the outer sheath layer:

[0061] 110g of high-density polyethylene, 20g of the modified glass fiber prepared in Example 3, 10g of a cross-linking agent (prepared by compounding 8g of triallyl cyanurate and 2g of triallyl pentaerythritol), 14g of the modifier prepared in Example 2, 5g of antioxidant 1010 and 4g of epoxidized soybean oil were put into a twin-screw extruder, melt-blended, extruded and irradiated to obtain a material for an outer sheath layer;

[0062] The irradiation was performed using a domestically produced GJ-1.5 high-frequency and high-voltage electron accelerator with an energy of 1.5 MeV and a current of 25 mA; the irradiation dose rate was 5 kGy / time, and the total irradiation dose was 100 kGy.

[0063] Embodiment 6

[0064] Materials for making the outer sheath layer:

[0065] 120g of high-density polyethylene, 25g of the modified glass fiber prepared in Example 3, 15g of a cross-linking agent (prepared by compounding 12g of triallyl cyanurate and 3g of triallyl pentaerythritol), 21g of the modifier prepared in Example 2, 7g of antioxidant 1010 and 5g of epoxidized soybean oil were put into a twin-screw extruder, melt-blended, extruded and irradiated to obtain a material for an outer sheath layer;

[0066] The irradiation was performed using a domestically produced GJ-1.5 high-frequency and high-voltage electron accelerator with an energy of 1.5 MeV and a current of 25 mA; the irradiation dose rate was 5 kGy / time, and the total irradiation dose was 100 kGy.

[0067] Embodiment 7

[0068] Class 2 bare copper stranded wire is used as a conductor, cross-linked polyethylene is extruded on the conductor to form an insulating layer, a copper tape is wrapped on the surface of the insulating layer to form a metal shielding layer, an aluminum-plastic composite tape is longitudinally wrapped and high-density polyethylene is extruded to form a water-blocking layer, and an aluminum tape is wrapped to form a metal sheath layer; 110g of high-density polyethylene, 20g of the modified glass fiber prepared in Example 3, 10g of a cross-linking agent (prepared by compounding 8g of triallyl cyanurate and 2g of triallyl pentaerythritol), 14g of a modifier prepared in Example 2, 5g of an antioxidant 1010 and 4g of epoxy soybean oil are put into a twin-screw extruder, melt-blended, coated on the surface of the metal sheath layer through an extruder, and irradiated with an electron accelerator to obtain a rat- and ant-proof water-blocking cable;

[0069] The irradiation was performed using a domestically produced GJ-1.5 high-frequency and high-voltage electron accelerator with an energy of 1.5 MeV and a current of 25 mA; the irradiation dose rate was 5 kGy / time, and the total irradiation dose was 100 kGy.

[0070] Embodiment 8

[0071] Category 5 bare copper stranded wire is used as a conductor, ethylene propylene rubber insulation material is extruded on the conductor to form an insulation layer, a copper tape is wrapped on the surface of the insulation layer to form a metal shielding layer, an aluminum-plastic composite tape is longitudinally wrapped and high-density polyethylene is extruded to form a water-blocking layer, and an aluminum tape is wrapped to form a metal sheath layer; 120g of high-density polyethylene, 25g of modified glass fiber prepared in Example 3, 15g of a cross-linking agent (prepared by compounding 12g of triallyl cyanurate and 3g of triallyl pentaerythritol), 21g of a modifier prepared in Example 2, 7g of antioxidant 1010 and 5g of epoxy soybean oil are put into a twin-screw extruder, melt-blended, coated on the surface of the metal sheath layer through an extruder, and irradiated with an electron accelerator to obtain a rat- and ant-proof water-blocking cable;

[0072] The irradiation was performed using a domestically produced GJ-1.5 high-frequency and high-voltage electron accelerator with an energy of 1.5 MeV and a current of 25 mA; the irradiation dose rate was 5 kGy / time, and the total irradiation dose was 100 kGy.

[0073] Comparative Example 1

[0074] A commercially available phosphorus-based flame retardant of equal quality was used to replace the modifier in Example 6, and the remaining steps were the same as in Example 6 to obtain the material for the outer sheath layer.

[0075] Comparative Example 2

[0076] Commercially available cross-linked polyethylene cable material was used.

[0077] Comparative Example 3

[0078] Use commercially available rat and ant-proof cables.

[0079] Embodiments 4, 5, 6, and comparative examples 1 and 2 were made into corresponding shapes to be tested according to different test standards, and the following performance tests were performed:

[0080] The tensile properties are determined using the national standard GB / T 1040.2-2006 "Determination of tensile properties of plastics Part 2: Test conditions for molded and extruded plastics";

[0081] The sample was completely immersed in water and left to stand at room temperature for 7 days, then the tensile strength was measured (test standard GB / T 1040.2-2006), and the retention rate of tensile strength was calculated; the retention rate of tensile strength = tensile strength after test / tensile strength before test × 100%;

[0082] The national standard GB / T 2406-2008 "Test method for combustion performance of plastics" is used to determine the limiting oxygen index of the sample;

[0083] The smoke density is measured using the national standard GB / T 8323.2-2008 "Plastic smoke generation Part 2: Single chamber method for determination of smoke density test method";

[0084] The measured results are shown in Table 1:

[0085] Table 1

[0086]

[0087] The termite infestation level and rat protection level of Examples 7, 8 and Comparative Example 3 were determined using the standards JB / T 10696.9-2011 "Methods for testing mechanical and physical and chemical properties of wires and cables Part 9: Termite test" and JB / T 10696.10-2011 "Methods for testing mechanical and physical and chemical properties of wires and cables Part 10: Rat gnawing test".

[0088] The flame retardancy levels of Examples 7 and 8 were determined using the national standard GB / T 19666-2023 "General Rules for Flame Retardant and Fire Resistant Wires, Cables or Optical Cables";

[0089] The measured results are shown in Table 2:

[0090] Table 2

[0091] Test items Embodiment 7 Embodiment 8 Comparative Example 3 Termite infestation level Level 1 Level 1 Level 2 Rat protection level Significant Significant better Flame retardant grade Category A Category A -

[0092] It can be seen from the above two tables that the flame retardant, rat and ant proof, waterproof and mechanical properties of the cable prepared in the embodiment of the present invention are higher than those of the comparative example. Therefore, the present invention has important application value in the field of power cable technology.

[0093] In the description of the specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "example", "specific example", etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representation of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner.

[0094] The above contents are merely examples and explanations of the present invention. Those skilled in the art may make various modifications or additions to the specific embodiments described or replace them in a similar manner. As long as they do not deviate from the invention or exceed the scope defined by the claims, they shall all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A rat-proof and ant-proof water-blocking cable, which is composed of a conductor, an insulating layer, a metal shielding layer, a water-blocking layer, a metal sheath layer and an outer sheath layer arranged in sequence from the inside to the outside, characterized in that: The material of the outer sheath layer includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100-120 parts of high-density polyethylene, 15-25 parts of glass fiber, 5-15 parts of cross-linking agent, 7-21 parts of modifier, 3-7 parts of antioxidant, and 3-5 parts of lubricant.

2. The rat-proof and ant-proof water-blocking cable according to claim 1, characterized in that: The modifying agent is prepared by the following steps: S1. Under nitrogen protection, DOPO and toluene were mixed, heated to 35°C and stirred continuously until the solid was completely dissolved, phosphorus pentasulfide was added, and the reaction was carried out at 65°C for 8 hours. After the reaction was completed, the filtrate was filtered, the solvent was removed from the filtrate under reduced pressure, and then dissolved with chloroform. Saturated sodium bicarbonate solution was added dropwise under nitrogen protection. After the addition was completed, stirring was continued for 30 minutes, and the mixture was allowed to stand for stratification. The organic phase was taken and distilled under reduced pressure to obtain intermediate 1; S2. Under nitrogen protection, the intermediate 1, capsaicin, azobisisobutyronitrile and toluene were stirred and mixed evenly, the reaction temperature was controlled to 80°C, and the reaction was kept warm for 10 hours. After the reaction was completed, the product was rotary evaporated, purified by column chromatography, rotary evaporated, and vacuum dried to obtain a modifier.

3. The rat-proof and ant-proof water-blocking cable according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step S1, the ratio of DOPO, toluene and phosphorus pentasulfide is 21.6 g:100 mL:11.2 g.

4. The rat-proof and ant-proof water-blocking cable according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step S2, the ratio of the amount of intermediate 1, capsaicin, AIBN, and toluene is 23.2 g: 30.5 g: 0.2 g: 200 mL.

5. The rat-proof and ant-proof water-blocking cable according to claim 1, characterized in that: The modified glass fiber is prepared by the following steps: B1. Add glass fiber to a three-necked flask, then add hydrogen peroxide dropwise. After the addition is complete, stir, heat to 110° C., reflux for 3 h, and after the reaction is complete, filter, and vacuum dry to obtain hydroxylated glass fiber; B2. Mix the hydroxylated glass fiber obtained in step B1 with an ethanol aqueous solution, add the silane coupling agent KH-550 after stirring evenly, and react at 75° C. for 8 hours. After the reaction is completed, filter, wash, and vacuum dry to obtain a modified glass fiber.

6. The rat-proof and ant-proof water-blocking cable according to claim 5, characterized in that: The usage ratio of glass fiber, hydrogen peroxide, ethanol aqueous solution and silane coupling agent KH-550 is 1g:50mL:100mL:3.6g.

7. The rat-proof and ant-proof water-blocking cable according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cross-linking agent is a composite cross-linking agent of triallyl cyanurate and triallyl pentaerythritol, and the mass ratio of the two is 4:

1.

8. The rat-proof and ant-proof water-blocking cable according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material of the water-blocking layer is aluminum-plastic composite tape and high-density polyethylene.

9. The rat-proof and ant-proof water-blocking cable according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material of the metal sheath layer is aluminum strip.

10. The method for preparing a rat-proof and ant-proof water-blocking cable according to claim 1, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Category 2 or 5 bare copper stranded wire is used as the conductor, and cross-linked polyolefin or ethylene propylene rubber insulation material is extruded on the conductor to form an insulation layer. A copper tape is wrapped around the surface of the insulation layer to form a metal shielding layer. An aluminum-plastic composite tape is then longitudinally wrapped and high-density polyethylene is extruded to form a water-blocking layer. An aluminum tape is then wrapped to form a metal sheath layer. The material of the outer sheath layer is then extruded and coated on the surface of the metal sheath layer, and finally cross-linked to obtain a rat-proof and ant-proof water-blocking cable.

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