Transplanting machine with adjustable plant spacing

Abstract

The invention discloses a transplanting machine with adjustable plant spacing, belongs to the technical field of agricultural instruments, and aims to solve the problems in the prior art. The device comprises a frame, wherein seedling emergence holes are formed in the frame; the seedling conveying mechanism is arranged at the upper end of the frame, the seedling conveying mechanism at least comprises a first variable-pitch guide roller and a second variable-pitch guide roller which are arranged in parallel and rotate in different directions, and the chain type pepper seedlings are separated through the seedling conveying mechanism and sequentially conveyed to the seedling emergence holes; the transplanting mechanism is located below the frame, and pepper seedlings falling into duckbilled planters are planted through vertical movement and opening and closing movement of the duckbilled planters of the transplanting mechanism; the soil covering and compacting mechanism is arranged below the frame and is positioned behind the transplanting mechanism; the soil covering and compacting mechanism is used for covering and compacting soil around the planted pepper seedlings; the walking mechanism is arranged below the frame; the transmission mechanism is used for driving the whole chain type pepper seedling transplanting device to act.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery, and in particular relates to a transplanter with adjustable plant spacing. Background Art

[0002] As cash crops, peppers and other crops have wide applications and market prospects around the world, and the optimization of their planting technology is directly related to the economic benefits of the industry. The cultivation and transplanting of seedlings is a technology-intensive process, involving seedling raising, transplanting, fertilization, pest and disease management and other aspects. Each link needs to be precisely controlled to ensure the high quality and high yield of peppers. At present, pepper cultivation generally adopts the method of seedling raising and then transplanting, and this process is gradually being dominated by automated transplanting machinery. Despite this, most transplanters on the domestic market still face the challenges of insufficient operational fluency and high labor costs. In addition, the traditional stem clamping design often leads to damage to the stems of the plug seedlings. These factors together constitute a bottleneck for the development of the industry.

[0003] In the prior art, there are four main methods for seedling transplanting devices: clamp-type transplanters, seedling guide tube transplanters, hanging basket transplanters and flexible disc transplanters. The clamp-type transplanter has a simple structure, relatively low manufacturing cost, relatively stable planting depth and planting spacing, but it is difficult to adjust the spacing, and the seedlings in the pots are easily injured by the clamps, the transplanting efficiency is low, and the missed planting rate is relatively high. When the seedling guide tube transplanter is working, the seedlings in the pots can move freely in the seedling guide tube, so the seedlings in the pots are not easily injured. The feeding frequency of manual feeding of seedlings in the pots can be appropriately increased, and the transplanting rate can reach 55 to 65 plants / min, which is about 40% higher than that of the clamp-type transplanter, but the structure of the machine is relatively complex and the manufacturing cost is high. The hanging basket transplanter relies on manual labor to take the seedlings out of the hole tray and feed them into the hanging cup that rotates to the highest position. Under the driving action of the rotating eccentric disc, when it rotates to the lowest position, the hanging cup opens under the action of the cam on the planting disc, and then the seedlings fall into the seedling furrow opened by the furrow opener by their own weight. The automatic soil return function of the seedling furrow covers the seedlings with soil, which plays a role in stabilizing the seedlings. Then the soil covering and pressing wheels cover the seedlings with soil for the second time and press them. However, the structure of this machine is relatively complex, the seedling feeding rate is limited by manual labor, and the transplanting speed cannot be too fast. The flexible disc transplanter relies on manual labor to take out the seedlings and feed them into the groove of the conveyor belt. After that, the seedlings move with the conveyor belt and are clamped by the planting disc that can change shape. The planting disc plants the seedlings into the seedling furrow opened by the furrow opener, and the pressing wheels cover the soil and press them to complete the transplanting process. The mechanism clamps the seedlings in the pot without being restricted by the number of seedling clamps or hanging baskets, and has strong adaptability to transplanting spacing. However, the transplanting spacing and transplanting depth are not easy to control, and the seedlings are easily buried or injured, and the flexible disc has a short service life. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to propose a transplanter with adjustable plant spacing to solve the problems of the prior art that the seedlings are easily damaged, the transplanting efficiency is low, the missed planting rate is relatively high, the transplanting spacing and transplanting depth are difficult to control, the structure is complex and the service life is short.

[0005] To achieve the above object, a transplanter with adjustable plant spacing of the present invention comprises:

[0006] A frame, wherein a seedling emergence hole is arranged at the end position of the frame along the traveling direction;

[0007] A seedling transport mechanism is arranged at the upper end of the frame, and the seedling transport mechanism at least comprises a first variable pitch guide roller and a second variable pitch guide roller arranged in parallel and rotating in opposite directions, and the chain seedlings are separated and transported to the seedling holes in sequence through the action of the first variable pitch guide roller and the second variable pitch guide roller;

[0008] A transplanting mechanism is located below the frame, the transplanting mechanism at least comprising a duckbill planter with an upper opening arranged relative to the seedling emergence hole of the frame, and the rice seedlings falling into the duckbill planter are planted through the up and down movement and the opening and closing movement of the duckbill planter;

[0009] A soil covering and compacting mechanism is arranged below the frame and behind the transplanting mechanism in the traveling direction, and the soil around the planted seedlings is covered and compacted by the soil covering and compacting mechanism;

[0010] A traveling mechanism disposed below the frame;

[0011] And a transmission mechanism, through which the chain-type seedling transplanting device is driven to move as a whole.

[0012] The seedling delivery mechanism also includes:

[0013] A seedling storage bin is fixedly arranged at the upper end of the frame, and the outlet of the seedling storage bin is located at the rear of the traveling direction; the outlet of the seedling storage bin is located at the feeding end of the first variable pitch guide roller and the second variable pitch guide roller;

[0014] a first bearing seat and a second bearing seat, wherein both ends of the first variable pitch guide roller and the second variable pitch guide roller are supported on the upper surface of the frame through the first bearing seat and the second bearing seat respectively;

[0015] A first gear disposed at the end of the discharge end of the first variable pitch guide roller;

[0016] And a second gear is arranged at the end of the discharge end of the second variable pitch guide roller; the first gear and the second gear are meshed to make the first variable pitch guide roller and the second variable pitch guide roller rotate synchronously in opposite directions.

[0017] A conical transition section is arranged between the outlet of the seedling storage bin and the main body of the seedling storage bin, and the width of the outlet of the seedling storage bin is smaller than the width of the main body of the seedling storage bin.

[0018] The pitch of the first variable pitch guide roller and the second variable pitch guide roller gradually increases from the feeding port end close to the seedling storage bin to the feeding port end at the other end.

[0019] The transplanting mechanism also includes a crank-connecting rod mechanism and a parallel four-bar mechanism, and the transmission mechanism drives the duckbill planter to move up and down along a predetermined trajectory through the crank-connecting rod mechanism and the parallel four-bar mechanism;

[0020] The duckbill planter comprises:

[0021] A circular ring frame, wherein the circular ring frame is fixedly connected to the force output end of the parallel four-bar mechanism;

[0022] A first blade whose upper end is rotatably matched with the circular frame;

[0023] A second blade whose upper end is rotatably matched with the circular frame, wherein the first blade and the second blade form a cone with a closed lower end or a cone with an open lower end during rotation relative to the circular frame;

[0024] A first fixing rod having one end fixedly connected to one side of the upper end of the first blade, and a limit stopper is provided below one side of the other end of the first fixing rod;

[0025] A first rotating rod rotatably connected to the first fixed rod by a pin shaft, when the first rotating rod is relatively rotated to be coaxial with the first fixed rod, the first rotating rod is limited by a limit baffle to stop the rotation;

[0026] A first L-shaped limit rod is fixed to the lower end surface of the frame, the first L-shaped limit rod is located in the middle of the motion track of the first rotating rod, the first L-shaped limit rod is located in contact with or disengaged from the first rotating rod, and the first blade is driven to rotate relative to the circular frame or return to a natural state through the first rotating rod;

[0027] A second fixing rod fixedly connected to one side of the upper end of the second blade, a limiting baffle being provided below one side of the other end of the second fixing rod;

[0028] A second rotating rod rotatably connected to the second fixed rod by a pin shaft, when the second rotating rod rotates relatively to be coaxial with the second fixed rod, the second rotating rod is limited by a limiting baffle to stop the rotation;

[0029] And a second L-shaped limit rod fixed on the lower end surface of the frame, the second L-shaped limit rod is located in the middle position of the movement track of the second rotating rod, the second L-shaped limit rod is located in contact with or disengaged from the second rotating rod, and the second blade is driven to rotate relative to the circular ring frame or restore to a natural state through the second rotating rod.

[0030] The soil covering and compacting mechanism comprises:

[0031] A square tube with one end fixedly connected to the upper end of the frame;

[0032] A compacting rod, the compacting rod comprising a main rod body that is slidably matched with the square tube and wheel frames symmetrically arranged on both sides of the main rod body, and the lower ends of the two wheel frames are arranged to be inclined inwards;

[0033] A spring is located in the square tube, and two ends of the spring are respectively in contact with the bottom of the square tube and the end of the main rod body;

[0034] And soil covering and compacting wheels, the two soil covering and compacting wheels are respectively located at the inner sides of the lower ends of the two wheel frames of the compacting rod and are rotatably matched with the wheel frames; the intersection point of the axes of the two soil covering and compacting wheels is located on the extended line of the axis of the square tube.

[0035] The walking mechanism comprises:

[0036] A front wheel axle, the front wheel axle being arranged in front of the lower end of the frame in the direction of travel;

[0037] Two rubber solid wheels, the two rubber solid wheels are located at both ends of the front wheel axle;

[0038] And two universal wheels, the two universal wheels are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the rear of the lower end of the frame in the direction of travel.

[0039] The transmission mechanism comprises:

[0040] A motor fixedly arranged on the lower surface of the frame;

[0041] A driving shaft is arranged on the lower surface of the frame, one end of the driving shaft is connected to the motor through a coupling;

[0042] A first synchronous pulley coaxially fixedly disposed at the other end of the driving shaft;

[0043] A driven shaft arranged parallel to the driving shaft, the driven shaft being located on the lower surface of the frame and at the center line of the frame;

[0044] A second synchronous pulley is coaxially fixedly arranged on the driven shaft, the first synchronous pulley and the second synchronous pulley are connected and driven by a belt, and one end of the driven shaft close to the front wheel shaft of the walking mechanism drives the front wheel shaft to rotate through the differential and the front wheel shaft;

[0045] A working shaft coaxially arranged with the driven shaft;

[0046] An armature is arranged at an end of the driven shaft close to one end of the working shaft;

[0047] A coil is arranged on the end of the working shaft close to one end of the driven shaft, and the armature and the coil constitute an electromagnetic clutch; the armature is adsorbed by turning the electromagnetic clutch on and off, so that the driven shaft and the working shaft run synchronously;

[0048] A guide roller shaft arranged parallel to the driving shaft;

[0049] A third synchronous pulley coaxially fixedly arranged on the working shaft;

[0050] A fourth synchronous belt pulley is coaxially fixedly arranged on the guide roller shaft, and the third synchronous belt pulley and the fourth synchronous belt pulley are connected and driven by a belt;

[0051] A fifth synchronous pulley coaxially fixedly arranged on the guide roller shaft;

[0052] A sixth synchronous belt pulley is coaxially fixedly arranged at the end of the first variable pitch guide roller or the feeding end of the second variable pitch guide roller, and the fifth synchronous belt pulley and the sixth synchronous belt pulley are connected and driven by a belt;

[0053] A bevel gear shaft arranged perpendicular to the working shaft;

[0054] A first bevel gear coaxially fixedly disposed at the end of the working shaft;

[0055] And a second bevel gear is coaxially fixedly arranged at one end of the bevel gear shaft. The first bevel gear and the second bevel gear are engaged to drive the bevel gear shaft to rotate, and the parallel four-bar mechanism of the transplanting mechanism is driven to move through the bevel gear shaft.

[0056] The transmission ratio of the differential connected between the driven shaft and the front wheel shaft is 1:2.

[0057] The transmission ratio of the third synchronous pulley and the fourth synchronous pulley is 2:1.

[0058] The transmission ratio of the first bevel gear and the second bevel gear is 2:1.

[0059] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: a transplanter with adjustable plant spacing of the present invention is artificially controlled to transplant seedlings on soft and flat land, and realizes the transmission, separation, planting, covering and compacting of the chain seedlings during the walking process. The separation of the seedlings in the pot is achieved by the action of the variable pitch guide roller, so as to avoid the problem of damage to the seedlings in the pot during the separation process. The transplanting efficiency is high, the operation of the mechanism is stable and reliable, and the problem of leakage is avoided. At the same time, the problem of transplanting column spacing and transplanting depth is guaranteed by the stable movement of the mechanism. The overall structure is simple and easy to operate. In addition, the planting column spacing can be indirectly adjusted by adjusting the walking speed or the rotation speed of the seedling transport mechanism and the up and down movement frequency of the transplanting mechanism can be adjusted. The present invention constructs an integrated planting power system to realize multi-task drive of a single power source; it effectively overcomes technical obstacles such as seedling separation and seedling planting, and improves the consistency and efficiency of the operation. Based on the single-core drive design concept, the mechanical and control systems are integrated, and the special-shaped screw and the new seedling storage bin technology are innovatively applied, which not only ensures the lossless transportation and precise separation of the seedlings, but also greatly reduces the equipment cost. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0060] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a transplanter with adjustable plant spacing according to the present invention;

[0061] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of a seedling transport mechanism in a transplanter with adjustable plant spacing according to the present invention;

[0062] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of a transplanting mechanism in a transplanting machine with adjustable plant spacing according to the present invention;

[0063] Figure 4 It is a schematic structural diagram of a duckbill planter in a transplanter with adjustable plant spacing according to the present invention;

[0064] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of a soil covering and compacting mechanism in a transplanter with adjustable plant spacing according to the present invention;

[0065] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of a walking mechanism in a transplanter with adjustable plant spacing according to the present invention;

[0066] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of a transmission mechanism in a transplanter with adjustable plant spacing according to the present invention;

[0067] Among them: 1. frame, 2. seedling transport mechanism, 201. first variable pitch guide roller, 202. second variable pitch guide roller, 203. seedling storage bin, 204. first bearing seat, 205. second bearing seat, 206. first gear, 207. second gear, 3. transplanting mechanism, 301. duckbill planter, 302. ring frame, 303. first blade, 304. second blade, 305. first fixed rod, 306. first rotating rod, 307. first L-shaped limit rod, 308. second fixed rod, 309. second rotating rod, 310. second L-shaped limit rod, 311. crank-connecting rod mechanism, 312. parallel four-bar mechanism, 313. crank, 314. first connecting rod, 315. second connecting rod, 316. third connecting rod, 317. fourth connecting rod, 4 , soil covering and compacting mechanism, 401, square tube, 402, compacting rod, 403, main rod body, 404, wheel frame, 405, spring, 406, soil covering and compacting wheel, 5, walking mechanism, 501, front wheel axle, 502, rubber solid wheel, 503, universal wheel, 6, transmission mechanism, 601, motor, 602, driving shaft, 603, coupling, 604, first synchronous pulley, 605, driven shaft, 606, second synchronous pulley, 607, differential, 608, working shaft, 609, armature, 610, coil, 611, guide roller shaft, 612, third synchronous pulley, 613, fourth synchronous pulley, 614, fifth synchronous pulley, 615, sixth synchronous pulley, 616, bevel gear shaft, 617, first bevel gear, 618, second bevel gear. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0068] The embodiments of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0069] See also Figure 1 The present invention provides a transplanter with adjustable plant spacing, comprising:

[0070] A frame 1, wherein a seedling emergence hole is arranged at the end position of the frame 1 along the traveling direction;

[0071] A seedling transport mechanism 2 is arranged at the upper end of the frame 1, and the seedling transport mechanism 2 at least includes a first variable pitch guide roller 201 and a second variable pitch guide roller 202 arranged in parallel and rotating in opposite directions, and the chain seedlings are separated and transported to the seedling holes in sequence through the first variable pitch guide roller 201 and the second variable pitch guide roller 202;

[0072] A transplanting mechanism 3 is located below the frame 1, and the transplanting mechanism 3 at least comprises a duckbill planter 301 whose upper opening is arranged relative to the seedling emergence hole of the frame 1, and the rice seedlings falling into the duckbill planter 301 are planted through the up-and-down movement and the opening-and-closing movement of the duckbill planter 301;

[0073] A soil covering and compacting mechanism 4 is arranged below the frame 1 and is located behind the transplanting mechanism 3 in the traveling direction, and the soil around the planted seedlings is covered and compacted by the soil covering and compacting mechanism 4;

[0074] A traveling mechanism 5 disposed below the frame 1;

[0075] And a transmission mechanism 6, through which the chain-type seedling transplanting device is driven to move as a whole.

[0076] See also Figure 2 , the seedling transport mechanism 2 also includes:

[0077] A seedling storage bin 203 is fixedly arranged at the upper end of the frame 1, and the outlet of the seedling storage bin 203 is located at the rear of the traveling direction; the outlet of the seedling storage bin 203 is located at the feeding end of the first variable pitch guide roller 201 and the second variable pitch guide roller 202;

[0078] A first bearing seat 204 and a second bearing seat 205, both ends of the first variable pitch guide roller 201 and the second variable pitch guide roller 202 are supported on the upper surface of the frame 1 through the first bearing seat 204 and the second bearing seat 205 respectively;

[0079] A first gear 206 disposed at the discharge end of the first variable pitch guide roller 201;

[0080] And a second gear 207 is arranged at the discharge end of the second variable pitch guide roller 202; the first gear 206 and the second gear 207 are engaged to make the first variable pitch guide roller 201 and the second variable pitch guide roller 202 rotate synchronously in opposite directions.

[0081] A conical transition section is provided between the outlet of the seedling storage bin 203 and the body of the seedling storage bin 203 , and the width of the outlet of the seedling storage bin 203 is smaller than the width of the body of the seedling storage bin 203 .

[0082] The pitch of the first variable pitch guide roller 201 and the second variable pitch guide roller 202 gradually increases from the inlet end close to the seedling storage bin 203 to the outlet end at the other end.

[0083] The function of the seedling transport mechanism 2 is to separate the chain seedlings in the seedling storage bin 203 into individual seedlings, and send them to the seedling emergence hole in turn, and then drop them into the duckbill planter 301 of the transplanting mechanism 3 through the seedling emergence hole. The seedling storage bin 203 is welded to the frame 1, and the sixth synchronous pulley 615 of the transmission mechanism 6 is arranged at the end of the first variable pitch guide roller 201 to drive the first variable pitch guide roller 201 to rotate. The first bearing seat 204 and the second bearing seat 205 play the role of supporting the first variable pitch guide roller 201 and the second variable pitch guide roller 202. At the same time, the first variable pitch guide roller 201 and the second variable pitch guide roller 202 realize skew rotation through the meshing of the first gear 206 and the second gear 207. As the pitch increases, the connected paper bags are torn apart, realizing the transmission and separation functions of the chain seedlings.

[0084] See also Figure 3 and Figure 4 The transplanting mechanism 3 also includes a crank-connecting rod mechanism 311 and a parallelogram mechanism 312. The transmission mechanism 4 drives the duckbill planter 301 to move up and down along a predetermined trajectory through the crank-connecting rod mechanism 311 and the parallelogram mechanism 312.

[0085] The duckbill planter 301 comprises:

[0086] A circular frame 302, wherein the circular frame 302 is fixedly connected to a force output end of the parallelogram mechanism 312;

[0087] A first blade 303 whose upper end is rotatably matched with the circular frame 302;

[0088] The second blade 304 is rotatably matched with the annular frame 302 at the upper end, and the first blade 303 and the second blade 304 rotate relative to the annular frame 302 to form a cone with a closed lower end or a cone with an open lower end;

[0089] A first fixing rod 305 having one end fixedly connected to one side of the upper end of the first blade 303, and a limit stopper is provided below one side of the other end of the first fixing rod 305;

[0090] A first rotating rod 306 rotatably connected to the first fixed rod 305 via a pin shaft, when the first rotating rod 306 rotates relatively to be coaxial with the first fixed rod 305, the first rotating rod 306 stops rotating by a limiting baffle;

[0091] A first L-shaped limit rod 307 is fixed to the lower end surface of the frame 1, and the first L-shaped limit rod 307 is located in the middle of the motion track of the first rotating rod 306. The first L-shaped limit rod 307 is in contact with or out of contact with the first rotating rod 306, and the first blade 303 is driven to rotate relative to the circular frame 302 or return to a natural state through the first rotating rod 306;

[0092] A second fixing rod 308 fixedly connected to one side of the upper end of the second blade 304, and a limit stopper is provided below one side of the other end of the second fixing rod 308;

[0093] A second rotating rod 309 rotatably connected to the second fixed rod 308 via a pin shaft, when the second rotating rod 309 rotates relatively to be coaxial with the second fixed rod 308, the second rotating rod 309 stops rotating by a limiting baffle;

[0094] And a second L-shaped limit rod 310 fixed on the lower end surface of the frame 1, the second L-shaped limit rod 310 is located in the middle position of the movement trajectory of the second rotating rod 309, the second L-shaped limit rod 310 is located in contact with or disengaged from the second rotating rod 309, and the second blade 304 is driven to rotate relative to the circular frame 302 or restore to a natural state through the second rotating rod 309.

[0095] The short rod of the first L-shaped limiting rod 307 is perpendicular to the first fixing rod 305 , and the short rod of the second L-shaped limiting rod 310 is perpendicular to the second fixing rod 308 ;

[0096] When the duckbill planter 301 moves downward, the lower end surface of the first rotating rod 306 located at one end of the first fixed rod 305 contacts the short rod of the first L-shaped limiting rod 307, and the first rotating rod 306 rotates upward relative to the first fixed rod 305. The lower end surface of the second rotating rod 309 located at one end of the second fixed rod 308 contacts the short rod of the second L-shaped limiting rod 310, and the second rotating rod 309 rotates upward relative to the second fixed rod 308. The first blade 303 and the second blade 304 are not subjected to force and droop naturally and penetrate into the soil for planting;

[0097] When the duckbill planter 302 is lifted and moves upward, the upper end surface of the first rotating rod 306 located at one end of the first fixed rod 305 contacts the short rod of the first L-shaped limiting rod 307. Due to the limiting effect of the limiting baffle of the first fixed rod 305, the first rotating rod 306 and the first fixed rod 305 are acted upon by the downward force of the first L-shaped limiting rod 307 as a whole, driving the first blade 303 to rotate; the upper end surface of the second rotating rod 309 located at one end of the second fixed rod 308 contacts the short rod of the second L-shaped limiting rod 310. Due to the limiting effect of the limiting baffle of the second fixed rod 308, the second rotating rod 309 and the second fixed rod 308 are acted upon by the second L-shaped limiting rod 310 as a whole. The downward force of the rod 310 drives the second blade 304 to rotate; the first blade 303 and the second blade 304 rotate, and the lower end of the duckbill planter 302 opens to release the seedlings and complete the planting; the duckbill planter 302 continues to move upward, and when the combined length limit position of the first rotating rod 306 and the first fixed rod 305 and the combined length limit position of the second rotating rod 309 and the second fixed rod 308 are reached, the first rotating rod 306 and the first fixed rod 305 are integrally wound around the first L-shaped limit rod 307, and the second rotating rod 309 and the second fixed rod 308 are integrally wound around the second L-shaped limit rod 310; repeat the movement to achieve the planting of the seedlings.

[0098] The crank-connecting rod mechanism 311 comprises:

[0099] A crank 313, one end of which is connected to the bevel gear shaft 616 of the transmission mechanism 4;

[0100] And a first connecting rod 314 , one end of which is connected to the crank 313 and the frame 1 through a pin, and the other end of which is connected to the parallel four-bar mechanism 312 .

[0101] The parallel four-bar mechanism 312 includes:

[0102] A second connecting rod 315, one end of which is rotatably connected to the frame 1 via a pin; the other end of the first connecting rod 314 is rotatably connected to the middle of the second connecting rod 315;

[0103] A third connecting rod 316 arranged in parallel with the second connecting rod 315, wherein one end of the third connecting rod 316 is rotatably connected to the vehicle frame 1 via a pin;

[0104] The fourth connecting rod 317, both ends of the fourth connecting rod 317 are rotatably connected to the other end of the second connecting rod 315 and the other end of the third connecting rod 316 through a pin shaft, the frame 1, the second connecting rod 315, the third connecting rod 316 and the fourth connecting rod 317 constitute a parallel four-bar mechanism 312, and the fourth connecting rod 317 is fixedly connected to the circular frame 302 of the duckbill planter 301.

[0105] The function of the transplanting mechanism 3 is to transplant the seedlings delivered by the seedling transporting mechanism 2 into the soil. The seedlings fall into the duckbill planter 301 at the seedling hole, and the parallel four-bar mechanism 302 is driven by the transmission mechanism 6 to move, driving the duckbill planter 301 to reciprocate up and down, the rotating rod 303 is connected to the duckbill planter 301 through a pin shaft, and the limit rod 304 limits the rotating rod 303, which can realize the opening and closing of the duckbill planter 301 and transplant the seedlings.

[0106] See also Figure 5 , the soil covering and compacting mechanism 4 comprises:

[0107] A square tube 401 having one end fixedly connected to the upper end of the frame 1;

[0108] A compacting rod 402, the compacting rod 402 comprises a main rod body 403 which is slidably matched with the square tube 401 and wheel frames 404 which are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the main rod body 403, and the lower ends of the two wheel frames 404 are arranged to be inclined inwards;

[0109] A spring 405 is located in the square tube 401, and two ends of the spring 405 are in contact with the bottom of the square tube 401 and the end of the main rod body 403 respectively;

[0110] And the soil covering and compacting wheels 406, the two soil covering and compacting wheels 406 are respectively located at the inner sides of the lower ends of the two wheel frames 404 of the compacting rod 402 and rotate with the wheel frames 404; the intersection of the axes of the two soil covering and compacting wheels 406 is located on the extended line of the axis of the square tube 401.

[0111] The function of the soil covering and compacting mechanism 4 is to cover and compact the soil to make it more compact. The soil covering and compacting wheel 406 is made of nylon and connected to the compacting rod 402. The square tube 504 is connected to the frame 1, and the spring 405 in the square tube 401 contacts the compacting rod 402 and the lower surface of the frame 1, which plays a role of buffering and shock absorption during the transplanting process. The buffer distance is 50mm, which assists the compacting wheel to better contact and compact the soil.

[0112] The angle of the two soil covering and compacting wheels 406 can generally be set between 10 and 15 degrees. In this embodiment, it is set to 11 degrees. This angle can ensure that pressure can be evenly applied during soil covering and the soil can be compacted effectively, which is conducive to the growth of plants.

[0113] The soil compacting wheel 406 is usually pressed by a spring 405, the upper end of the spring 405 contacts the vehicle frame, and the lower end contacts the compacting rod 402, which plays a limiting role. This limit sets a safety range (buffer distance) of 50mm, that is, the maximum compacting height of the compacting rod 402 is 50mm, and the minimum compacting height is 0mm, so as to avoid damage to the plants or the machine.

[0114] See also Figure 6 , the walking mechanism 5 comprises:

[0115] A front wheel axle 501, wherein the front wheel axle 501 is arranged in front of the lower end of the frame 1 in the direction of travel;

[0116] Two rubber solid wheels 502, the two rubber solid wheels 502 are located at two ends of the front wheel axle 501;

[0117] And two universal wheels 503, the two universal wheels 503 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the rear of the lower end of the frame 1 in the direction of travel.

[0118] The walking mechanism 5 is driven by the motor 601, which can realize the normal walking of the device. The motor 601 of the transmission mechanism 6 transmits power to the front wheel shaft 501 through the driving shaft 602, the driven shaft 605 and the differential 607, thereby realizing the rotation of the rubber solid wheel 502. The travel speed of the device is controlled by adjusting the speed of the motor 601. The universal wheel 503 is connected to the frame 1 to realize the steering function of the device.

[0119] See also Figure 7 , the transmission mechanism 6 comprises:

[0120] A motor 601 fixedly arranged on the lower surface of the frame 1;

[0121] A driving shaft 602 is arranged on the lower surface of the frame 1, and one end of the driving shaft 602 is connected to the motor 601 through a coupling 603;

[0122] A first synchronous pulley 604 coaxially fixedly disposed at the other end of the driving shaft 602;

[0123] A driven shaft 605 arranged parallel to the driving shaft 602, wherein the driven shaft 605 is located on the lower surface of the frame 1 and at the center line of the frame 1;

[0124] A second synchronous pulley 606 is coaxially fixedly arranged on the driven shaft 605, the first synchronous pulley 604 and the second synchronous pulley 606 are connected and driven by a belt, and one end of the driven shaft 605 close to the front wheel shaft 501 of the walking mechanism 5 drives the front wheel shaft 501 to rotate through the differential 607 and the front wheel shaft 501;

[0125] A working shaft 608 coaxially arranged with the driven shaft 605;

[0126] An armature 609 disposed at one end of the driven shaft 605 close to the working shaft 608;

[0127] The coil 610 is arranged on the end of the working shaft 608 close to the driven shaft 605, and the armature 609 and the coil 610 constitute an electromagnetic clutch; the armature 609 is adsorbed by turning the electromagnetic clutch on and off, so that the driven shaft 605 and the working shaft 608 run synchronously;

[0128] A guide roller shaft 611 arranged parallel to the driving shaft 602;

[0129] A third synchronous pulley 612 coaxially fixedly disposed on the working shaft 608;

[0130] A fourth synchronous pulley 613 is coaxially fixedly arranged on the guide roller shaft 611, and the third synchronous pulley 612 and the fourth synchronous pulley 613 are connected and driven by a belt;

[0131] A fifth synchronous pulley 614 coaxially fixedly disposed on the guide roller shaft 611;

[0132] A sixth synchronous pulley 615 is coaxially fixedly arranged at the feeding end of the first variable pitch guide roller 201 or the second variable pitch guide roller 202, and the fifth synchronous pulley 614 and the sixth synchronous pulley 615 are connected and driven by a belt;

[0133] A bevel gear shaft 616 disposed perpendicular to the working shaft 608;

[0134] A first bevel gear 617 coaxially fixedly disposed at the end of the working shaft 608;

[0135] And the second bevel gear 618 is coaxially fixedly arranged at one end of the bevel gear shaft 616. The first bevel gear 617 and the second bevel gear 618 are engaged to drive the bevel gear shaft 616 to rotate, and the parallel four-bar mechanism 302 of the transplanting mechanism 3 is driven to operate through the bevel gear shaft 616.

[0136] The transmission ratio of the differential 607 connected between the driven shaft 605 and the front wheel shaft 501 is 1:2.

[0137] The transmission ratio of the third synchronous pulley 612 and the fourth synchronous pulley 613 is 2:1.

[0138] The transmission ratio of the first bevel gear 617 and the second bevel gear 618 is 2:1.

[0139] The transmission mechanism 6 is driven by a single motor 601 to control the linkage of seedling transport, transplanting and walking to achieve the normal operation of the device. One end of the driving shaft 602 is connected to the motor 601 through a coupling 603, and the other end is transmitted to the driven shaft 605 through the first synchronous pulley 604 and the second synchronous pulley 606 and the belt drive. The driven shaft 605 is connected to the front wheel shaft 501 through a differential 607 with a transmission ratio of 1:2, and the motion is transmitted to the front wheel shaft 501 to control the walking of the device; the armature 609 of the electromagnetic clutch is fixed on the driven shaft 605, and the coil 610 is fixed on the working shaft 608. When the device is operating, the electromagnetic clutch is energized, the coil 610 generates a magnetic field, the armature 609 is attracted, the driven shaft 605 and the working shaft 608 operate synchronously, and the first bevel gear 617 and the second bevel gear 618 with a transmission ratio of 2:1 are meshed and connected to the bevel gear shaft 616, so as to cause the parallel four-bar mechanism 302 to reciprocate up and down, and drive the duckbill planter 301 to move up and down to transplant the seedlings; the working shaft 608 and the guide roller shaft 611 are connected through the 2:1 third synchronous pulley 612 and the fourth synchronous pulley 613, and the fifth synchronous pulley 614 and the sixth synchronous pulley 615 are connected, so as to drive the first variable pitch guide roller 201 to rotate and transport the seedlings.

Claims

1. A transplanter with adjustable plant spacing, characterized in that: include: A frame (1), wherein a seedling emergence hole is arranged at an end position of the frame (1) along the traveling direction; A seedling transport mechanism (2) is arranged at the upper end of the vehicle frame (1), the seedling transport mechanism (2) comprising at least a first variable pitch guide roller (201) and a second variable pitch guide roller (202) which are arranged in parallel and rotate in opposite directions, and the chain seedlings are separated and transported to the seedling emergence holes in sequence through the action of the first variable pitch guide roller (201) and the second variable pitch guide roller (202); A transplanting mechanism (3) is located below the frame (1), the transplanting mechanism (3) at least comprising a duckbill planter (301) with an upper opening arranged relative to a seedling emergence hole of the frame (1), and the rice seedlings dropped into the duckbill planter (301) are planted by means of the up-and-down movement and the opening-and-closing movement of the duckbill planter (301); A soil covering and compacting mechanism (4) is arranged below the vehicle frame (1) and at the rear of the transplanting mechanism (3) in the direction of travel, and the soil around the planted seedlings is covered and compacted by the soil covering and compacting mechanism (4); A walking mechanism (5) arranged below the vehicle frame (1); And a transmission mechanism (6), through which the chain-type seedling transplanting device is driven to move as a whole.

2. The transplanter with adjustable plant spacing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The seedling transport mechanism (2) further comprises: A seedling storage bin (203) is fixedly arranged at the upper end of the frame (1), wherein the outlet of the seedling storage bin (203) is located at the rear of the traveling direction; the outlet of the seedling storage bin (203) is located at the feeding end of the first variable pitch guide roller (201) and the second variable pitch guide roller (202); A first bearing seat (204) and a second bearing seat (205), and two ends of the first variable pitch guide roller (201) and the second variable pitch guide roller (202) are supported on the upper surface of the frame (1) through the first bearing seat (204) and the second bearing seat (205) respectively; A first gear (206) disposed at the discharge end of the first variable pitch guide roller (201); and a second gear (207) arranged at the discharge end of the second variable pitch guide roller (202); the first gear (206) and the second gear (207) are meshed so that the first variable pitch guide roller (201) and the second variable pitch guide roller (202) rotate synchronously in opposite directions.

3. The transplanter with adjustable plant spacing according to claim 2, characterized in that: A conical transition section is provided between the outlet of the seedling storage bin (203) and the body of the seedling storage bin (203), and the width of the outlet of the seedling storage bin (203) is smaller than the width of the body of the seedling storage bin (203).

4. The transplanter with adjustable plant spacing according to claim 2, characterized in that: The pitch of the first variable pitch guide roller (201) and the second variable pitch guide roller (202) gradually increases from the inlet end close to the seedling storage bin (203) to the outlet end at the other end.

5. The transplanter with adjustable plant spacing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transplanting mechanism (3) further comprises a crank-connecting rod mechanism (311) and a parallelogram mechanism (312), and the transmission mechanism (4) drives the duckbill planter (301) to move up and down along a predetermined trajectory through the crank-connecting rod mechanism (311) and the parallelogram mechanism (312); The duckbill planter (301) comprises: A circular ring frame (302), wherein the circular ring frame (302) and the force output end of the parallel four-bar mechanism (312) are fixedly connected; A first blade (303) whose upper end is rotatably matched with the circular ring frame (302); A second blade (304) whose upper end is rotatably matched with the circular frame (302), wherein the first blade (303) and the second blade (304) form a cone with a closed lower end or a cone with an open lower end during the rotation process relative to the circular frame (302); A first fixing rod (305) having one end fixedly connected to one side of the upper end of the first blade (303), and a limit stop plate is provided below one side of the other end of the first fixing rod (305); A first rotating rod (306) rotatably connected to the first fixed rod (305) via a pin shaft, wherein when the first rotating rod (306) is relatively rotated to be coaxial with the first fixed rod (305), the rotation is stopped by limiting the position of the limiting baffle; A first L-shaped limit rod (307) is fixed on the lower end surface of the vehicle frame (1), the first L-shaped limit rod (307) is located in the middle of the movement track of the first rotating rod (306), the first L-shaped limit rod (307) is located in contact with or disengages from the first rotating rod (306), and the first blade (303) is driven to rotate relative to the circular frame (302) or return to a natural state through the first rotating rod (306); A second fixing rod (308) fixedly connected to one side of the upper end of the second blade (304), a limiting baffle being provided below one side of the other end of the second fixing rod (308); A second rotating rod (309) rotatably connected to the second fixed rod (308) via a pin shaft, wherein when the second rotating rod (309) is relatively rotated until it is coaxial with the second fixed rod (308), the second rotating rod (309) is limited by a limit baffle to stop the rotation; and a second L-shaped limiting rod (310) fixed on the lower end surface of the vehicle frame (1), the second L-shaped limiting rod (310) being located in the middle of the movement track of the second rotating rod (309), the second L-shaped limiting rod (310) being located in contact with or disengaged from the second rotating rod (309), and the second blade (304) is driven to rotate relative to the circular frame (302) or to return to a natural state through the second rotating rod (309).

6. The transplanter with adjustable plant spacing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The soil covering and compacting mechanism (4) comprises: A square tube (401) having one end fixedly connected to the upper end of the vehicle frame (1); A compacting rod (402), the compacting rod (402) comprising a main rod body (403) slidably matched with the square tube (401) and wheel frames (404) symmetrically arranged on both sides of the main rod body (403), the lower ends of the two wheel frames (404) being arranged to tilt inwards; A spring (405) is located in the square tube (401), and two ends of the spring (405) are respectively in contact with the bottom of the square tube (401) and the end of the main rod body (403); and soil covering and compacting wheels (406), wherein the two soil covering and compacting wheels (406) are respectively located at the inner sides of the lower ends of the two wheel frames (404) of the compacting rod (402) and are rotatably matched with the wheel frames (404); and the intersection of the axes of the two soil covering and compacting wheels (406) is located on the extended line of the axis of the square tube (401).

7. The transplanter with adjustable plant spacing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The walking mechanism (5) comprises: A front wheel axle (501), the front wheel axle (501) being arranged in front of the lower end of the frame (1) in the direction of travel; Two rubber solid wheels (502), the two rubber solid wheels (502) are located at two ends of the front wheel axle (501); And two universal wheels (503), the two universal wheels (503) are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the rear of the lower end of the frame (1) in the direction of travel.

8. The transplanter with adjustable plant spacing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transmission mechanism (6) comprises: A motor (601) fixedly arranged on the lower surface of the frame (1); A driving shaft (602) is arranged on the lower surface of the frame (1), one end of the driving shaft (602) being connected to the motor (601) via a coupling (603); A first synchronous pulley (604) coaxially fixedly arranged at the other end of the driving shaft (602); A driven shaft (605) arranged parallel to the driving shaft (602), the driven shaft (605) being located on the lower surface of the frame (1) and at the center line of the frame (1); A second synchronous pulley (606) is coaxially fixedly arranged on the driven shaft (605), the first synchronous pulley (604) and the second synchronous pulley (606) are connected and driven by a belt, and one end of the driven shaft (605) close to the front wheel shaft (501) of the walking mechanism (5) drives the front wheel shaft (501) to rotate through a differential (607) and the front wheel shaft (501); a working shaft (608) coaxially arranged with the driven shaft (605); An armature (609) disposed on one end of the driven shaft (605) close to the working shaft (608); A coil (610) is arranged at one end of the working shaft (608) close to the driven shaft (605), and the armature (609) and the coil (610) form an electromagnetic clutch; the armature (609) is adsorbed by turning the electromagnetic clutch on and off, so that the driven shaft (605) and the working shaft (608) are operated synchronously; A guide roller shaft (611) arranged parallel to the driving shaft (602); A third synchronous pulley (612) coaxially fixedly arranged on the working shaft (608); A fourth synchronous belt pulley (613) is coaxially fixedly arranged on the guide roller shaft (611), and the third synchronous belt pulley (612) and the fourth synchronous belt pulley (613) are connected and driven by a belt; a fifth synchronous pulley (614) coaxially fixedly arranged on the guide roller shaft (611); A sixth synchronous belt pulley (615) is coaxially fixedly arranged at the feeding end of the first variable pitch guide roller (201) or the second variable pitch guide roller (202), and the fifth synchronous belt pulley (614) and the sixth synchronous belt pulley (615) are connected and driven by a belt; a bevel gear shaft (616) disposed perpendicularly to the working shaft (608); a first bevel gear (617) coaxially fixedly disposed at the end of the working shaft (608); and a second bevel gear (618) coaxially fixedly arranged at one end of the bevel gear shaft (616); the first bevel gear (617) and the second bevel gear (618) mesh to drive the bevel gear shaft (616) to rotate, and the parallel four-bar mechanism (302) of the transplanting mechanism (3) is driven to operate through the bevel gear shaft (616).

9. The transplanter with adjustable plant spacing according to claim 8, characterized in that: The transmission ratio of the differential (607) connected between the driven shaft (605) and the front wheel shaft (501) is 1:

2.

10. The transplanter with adjustable plant spacing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transmission ratio of the third synchronous pulley (612) and the fourth synchronous pulley (613) is 2:1; the transmission ratio of the first bevel gear (617) and the second bevel gear (618) is 2:1.

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