Method for improving saline-alkali resistance of sorghum by using graphene

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for improving saline-alkali resistance of sorghum by using graphene. The method comprises the following steps: applying a graphene-containing water-soluble fertilizer by adopting a drip irrigation technology after 40 days of sorghum; the graphene concentration in the graphene-containing water-soluble fertilizer is 5-10 mg / L, and the use amount of the graphene-containing water-soluble fertilizer is 3000L / mu; drip irrigation is carried out once every 20 days, and irrigation is carried out for 4 times; the invention provides the application of graphene in improvement of saline-alkali resistance and growth of sorghum, and widens the application range of graphene. According to the technical scheme provided by the invention, the antioxidant enzyme activity and yield of sorghum in the saline-alkali soil can be improved, the agricultural productivity of the saline-alkali soil is improved, and meanwhile, a good technical way is provided for application of graphene in relieving adversity stress of other plants.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention specifically relates to a method for improving the salt-alkali resistance of sorghum. Background Art

[0002] Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) is an annual herbaceous plant of the genus Sorghum in the Poaceae family. As an important food crop and feed crop, it has significant economic significance worldwide. With the increasing demand for sorghum in the brewing industry, sorghum occupies an important position in global agriculture and economy due to its versatility and environmental adaptability. Saline-alkali land contains excessive soluble salts or alkaline substances in the soil, which leads to a decrease in soil fertility and difficulty for plant growth. Planting alkali-tolerant crops and using drip irrigation technology to use water-soluble fertilizers to improve the soil environment of saline-alkali land and thus increase crop productivity and yield have important application value for the sustainable development of agricultural production.

[0003] Carbon nanomaterials have attracted extensive attention from researchers due to their unique chemical properties and structures and low toxicity. Graphene has attracted widespread attention in recent years for its potential applications in agricultural production due to its unique physical and chemical properties. Graphene has good biocompatibility, high conductivity, large specific surface area and excellent mechanical strength, which makes it show broad application prospects in soil improvement, pesticide delivery, and fertilizer efficiency improvement. Since the study of the effect of graphene on plant growth and toxicity is a prerequisite for its large-scale application, it is crucial to set the application form of graphene and control its emissions. Therefore, conducting relevant research on the effect of graphene on plant growth and toxicity has important scientific significance and practical value.

[0004] At present, some conventional soil conditioners are mainly used to improve soil quality on saline-alkali land for crop planting, while the application of graphene on saline-alkali land is very limited. By adding ordinary chemical fertilizers, earthworm castings, humic acid, gypsum and mixed bacterial agents to saline-alkali land, the physical, chemical and biological properties of saline-alkali soil are comprehensively improved. Among them, the microbial biomass in the soil is significantly improved, providing a good growth microenvironment for the growth of crops, while changing the morphological characteristics of the root system of crops, thereby increasing the absorption of nutrients by crops and the ability to resist salt and alkali stress, and increasing the biomass of crops. In view of the current limited application of graphene on saline-alkali land, especially in northern Shanxi, there are a large number of saline-alkali lands that have not been utilized. Therefore, the use of graphene to improve the salt-alkali resistance of crops and maintain the balance of agricultural ecosystems has important application value. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present invention aims to improve the salt-alkali resistance and yield of sorghum crops in saline-alkali land, and promote the agronomic traits of sorghum growth by applying graphene sol using drip irrigation technology at an appropriate age of sorghum.

[0006] In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical solutions adopted are as follows: The method for improving the salt-alkali resistance of sorghum by using graphene comprises the following steps: Water-soluble fertilizer containing graphene was applied using drip irrigation technology after 40 days of sorghum age.

[0007] According to the above scheme, the graphene concentration in the water-soluble fertilizer containing graphene is 5-10 mg / L, and the dosage is 3000L / mu.

[0008] According to the above plan, drip irrigation is carried out once every 20 days, for a total of 4 times.

[0009] According to the above scheme, the graphene is prepared by the following scheme: The anode and cathode plates, both of which are high-purity graphite, are placed in an electrolytic oxidation tank, and then the electrolyte is poured into the tank. The power is turned on to prepare graphene sol by electrolytic oxidation, and graphene aggregate nanoparticle powder is obtained by spray drying.

[0010] According to the above scheme, the thickness of the anode and cathode plates is 20 to 80 mm, the length is 300 to 600 mm, and the width is 200 to 300 mm; the distance between the anode and cathode plates is 30-70 mm.

[0011] According to the above scheme, the concentration of the electrolyte in the electrolyte is 0.04wt% to 0.09wt%; the electrolyte is one or more of sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sodium chloride, and potassium sulfate.

[0012] According to the above scheme, the anode and cathode plates are separated by a plastic mesh, and the effective current density is controlled at 50A / m 2 Up to 100A / m 2 The power pulse frequency is between 40Hz and 60Hz; the effective voltage is between 12V and 20V; the temperature is controlled between 10℃ and 60℃; the oxidation reaction ends when the concentration of the graphene sol reaches 0.3-0.7% after reacting for 150 to 200 hours, and the solution in the tank is the graphene sol.

[0013] The application of graphene in improving the salt-alkali resistance of sorghum includes applying water-soluble fertilizers containing the above-mentioned graphene using drip irrigation technology after the sorghum is 40 days old to promote the agronomic traits of sorghum growth; the agronomic traits include plant height, plant stem thickness, plant root length, plant photosynthesis and yield.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The present invention provides a graphene sol fertilizer for promoting agronomic traits such as sorghum growth in saline-alkali land, including plant height, plant stem thickness, plant root length, plant photosynthesis and yield. Specifically, the graphene sol fertilizer promotes photosynthesis of sorghum crops in saline-alkali land, including intercellular CO2 concentration, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate. At the same time, the graphene can also increase the superoxide dismutase activity and malondialdehyde content of sorghum crops in saline-alkali land.

[0015] The present invention provides the use of graphene in improving the salt-alkali resistance and growth of sorghum, broadening the application scope of graphene. The technical solution provided by the present invention can help improve the antioxidant enzyme activity and yield of sorghum in saline-alkali land, improve the agricultural productivity of saline-alkali land, and provide a good technical approach for the application of graphene in alleviating the adverse stress of other plants. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 : Characterization diagram of graphene enrichment in the root system of sorghum crop obtained in Example 1.

[0017] Figure 2 : Phenotypic observation and statistical graph of sorghum crop obtained in Example 1.

[0018] Figure 3 : Root scanning results of sorghum crop obtained in Example 1.

[0019] Figure 4 : Statistical graph of photosynthesis physiological indicators of sorghum crops obtained in Example 1.

[0020] Figure 5 : Statistical graph of single plant yield of sorghum crop obtained in Example 1.

[0021] Figure 6 : Statistical graph of malondialdehyde content data of sorghum crops obtained in Example 1 (A) and statistical graph of superoxide dismutase activity data (B). DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The present invention is explained below in conjunction with the embodiments, and the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] A specific embodiment provides a graphene prepared by the following scheme: Anode and cathode plates, both made of high-purity graphite, are placed in an electrolytic oxidation tank. The thickness of the anode and cathode plates is 20 to 80 mm, the length is 300 to 600 mm, and the width is 200 to 300 mm. The distance between the anode and cathode plates is 30-70 mm.

[0024] Then pour the electrolyte into the tank, wherein the concentration of the electrolyte in the electrolyte is 0.04wt% to 0.09wt%; the electrolyte is one or more of sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sodium chloride and potassium sulfate.

[0025] Turn on the power supply to electrolyze and oxidize to prepare graphene sol, and the effective current density is controlled at 50A / m 2 Up to 100A / m 2 The power pulse frequency is between 40 Hz and 60 Hz; the effective voltage is between 12 V and 20 V; the temperature is controlled between 10° C. and 60° C.; the oxidation reaction ends when the concentration of the graphene sol reaches 0.3-0.7% after reacting for 150 to 200 hours, and the solution in the tank is the graphene sol; and graphene aggregate nanoparticle powder is obtained through spray drying.

[0026] The specific embodiment also provides a water-soluble fertilizer containing the above-mentioned graphene aggregate nanoparticle powder, that is, a graphene aggregate nanoparticle hydrosol with a concentration of 5 mg / L.

[0027] Example 1 Drip irrigation technology was used to irrigate the saline-alkali land (experimental field of Shanxi Nongquan Technology Co., Ltd., Dabaideng Town, Yanggao County, Datong City, Shanxi Province) where 40-day-old sorghum (Jinza No. 22) was planted. 3000L / mu was irrigated each time, and irrigated once every 20 days, for a total of 4 times. In addition, a control group (irrigation water) was designed, and the field management measures (including common farmland management measures such as irrigation, fertilization, pesticide application, and weeding) were consistent with Example 1.

[0028] Example 2 This example provides a method for characterizing graphene components enriched in sorghum roots using scanning electron microscopy.

[0029] The sorghum root tissue obtained in Example 1 was cut into a cross section with a thickness of 1 mm using a slicer, and then fixed with 2.5% glutaraldehyde, washed, dehydrated with a gradient of 30%, 50%, 70%, 90% and 100% ethanol solution, and dried naturally. After gold spraying, the surface morphology of graphene was observed using a scanning electron microscopy (SEM, TESCAN MAIA 3 LMH). Figure 1 As shown, there are a large number of relatively transparent wrinkled gauze-like sheet structures around the sorghum roots, which have a large surface area and are in the form of graphene.

[0030] Example 3 This embodiment provides the growth effect of sorghum crops in saline-alkali land treated with graphene.

[0031] The sorghum seedlings obtained in Example 1 were taken, and the phenotypes of the leaves, roots, sorghum ears and the whole plant were observed and photographed. The plant height, stem diameter, leaf area and plant biomass were statistically analyzed using a tape measure, a vernier caliper and a leaf area meter (Yaxin-1241). The control group was treated with water. Figure 2 As shown, A is a photograph of sorghum leaf phenotype; B is a photograph of the whole sorghum plant phenotype; C is a photograph of sorghum root growth; D is a photograph of sorghum ear phenotype; E is a statistical bar graph of sorghum leaf area data; F is a statistical bar graph of sorghum plant height data; G is a statistical bar graph of sorghum stem thickness data; H is a statistical bar graph of sorghum biomass data. The control groups of all figures are water treatment. Compared with the control group, graphene significantly promoted the agronomic traits of sorghum crops such as plant height, stem thickness, leaf area and biomass, indicating that graphene oxide can significantly promote the growth and development of sorghum in saline-alkali land.

[0032] Example 4 This example provides root scanning results of sorghum crops treated with graphene.

[0033] Taking the sorghum plants obtained in Example 1 as the center, the plants with intact root systems were dug out from the soil, and then rinsed to completely remove the attached soil and gravel, and to keep the original morphology of the root system as much as possible. Then, the washed sorghum roots were scanned using a root scanner (Epson Perfection V850 Pro), and various data related to the root morphology were obtained by image analysis methods, thereby providing support for root system research. Figure 3 As shown, A is a scanning image of sorghum root system; B is a statistical bar chart of average root length data of sorghum. It shows that graphene significantly promotes the length of sorghum root system in saline-alkali land.

[0034] Example 5 This example provides the effect of graphene on the photosynthetic performance of sorghum in saline-alkali soil.

[0035] Take the sorghum crop obtained in Example 1 and take the flat leaves at the 3rd to 4th leaf position from the top. Use CIRAS-3 photosynthetic instrument to measure the photosynthetic physiological indicators of the plant (intercellular CO2 concentration, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate). SPSS V.26 was used for data analysis, one-tailed T test was used for significance analysis, and GraphPad Prism9.5 was used for drawing. Figure 4As shown, A is a statistical bar graph of intercellular CO2 concentration in sorghum leaves; B is a statistical bar graph of net photosynthetic rate in sorghum leaves; C is a statistical bar graph of stomatal conductance in sorghum leaves; and D is a statistical bar graph of transpiration rate in sorghum leaves. Compared with the control plants, graphene significantly promoted the photosynthesis of sorghum crops, indicating that it has a good growth-promoting effect. Example 6 This example provides the effect of graphene on sorghum crop yield in saline-alkali soil.

[0036] Take the sorghum crop obtained in Example 1, collect the grains of individual sorghum plants, weigh them, and then make statistics. Figure 5 As shown, graphene promotes the grain weight per plant of sorghum crops in saline-alkali land.

[0037] Example 7 This example provides the antioxidant properties of graphene on sorghum crops in saline-alkali land.

[0038] Take the sorghum leaves obtained in Example 1, grind them in liquid nitrogen, and use the malondialdehyde (MDA) content detection kit (Solabo BC0025) to detect the malondialdehyde content of sorghum; similarly, use the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity detection kit (Solabo BC0175) to detect the superoxide dismutase activity of sorghum. For specific operation steps, refer to the instructions of the corresponding kit. Figure 6 As shown, compared with the control plants, graphene significantly increased the malondialdehyde content and superoxide dismutase activity of sorghum, indicating that oxidized graphene can enhance the antioxidant enzyme system of sorghum and improve its salt-alkali resistance.

[0039] The embodiments described above are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. The detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is not intended to limit the scope of the invention claimed for protection, but only represents selected embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained without creative work and related deductions and substitutions made by ordinary technicians in the field under the conditions of the concept of the present invention belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for improving the salt-alkali resistance of sorghum using graphene, characterized in that The following steps are involved: Water-soluble fertilizer containing graphene was applied using drip irrigation technology after 40 days of sorghum age.

2. The method for improving the salt-alkali resistance of sorghum by using graphene as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that The graphene concentration in the water-soluble fertilizer containing graphene is 5-10 mg / L, and the dosage is 3000 L / mu.

3. The method for improving the salt-alkali resistance of sorghum by using graphene as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that Drip irrigation was carried out every 20 days, for a total of 4 times.

4. The method for improving the salt-alkali resistance of sorghum by using graphene as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that The graphene is prepared by the following scheme: The anode and cathode plates, both of which are high-purity graphite, are placed in an electrolytic oxidation tank, and then the electrolyte is poured into the tank. The power is turned on to prepare graphene sol by electrolytic oxidation, and graphene aggregate nanoparticle powder is obtained by spray drying.

5. The method for improving the salt-alkali resistance of sorghum by using graphene as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that The thickness of the anode and cathode plates is 20 to 80 mm, the length is 300 to 600 mm, and the width is 200 to 300 mm; the distance between the anode and cathode plates is 30-70 mm.

6. The method for improving the salt-alkali resistance of sorghum by using graphene as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that The concentration of the electrolyte in the electrolyte is 0.04wt% to 0.09wt%; the electrolyte is one or more of sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sodium chloride, and potassium sulfate.

7. The method for improving the salt-alkali resistance of sorghum by using graphene as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that The anode and cathode plates are separated by a plastic mesh, and the effective current density is controlled at 50A / m 2 Up to 100A / m 2 The power pulse frequency is between 40Hz and 60Hz; the effective voltage is between 12V and 20V; the temperature is controlled between 10℃ and 60℃; the oxidation reaction ends when the concentration of the graphene sol reaches 0.3-0.7% after reacting for 150 to 200 hours, and the solution in the tank is the graphene sol.

8. The application of graphene in improving the salt-alkali resistance of sorghum is characterized by The invention comprises applying water-soluble fertilizer containing graphene by drip irrigation technology after 40 days of sorghum age to promote agronomic traits of sorghum growth; the agronomic traits include plant height, plant stem thickness, plant root length, plant photosynthesis and yield.

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