Multi-layer pellet-shaped plant fish bait and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a multi-layer pellet-shaped plant fish bait and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of feeds, the innermost layer of the multi-layer pellet-shaped plant fish bait is a pellet core prepared from basic bait, a filling agent, essence and an adhesive, the surface of the pellet core is provided with a plurality of pits, the pits are filled with food calling pellets, and the food calling pellets are arranged in the pellet core. A microporous coating film with a controlled release effect is attached to the surface of the pellet core; wherein the food calling pellet is prepared from the following components in percentage by weight: 40 to 50 percent of pre-gelatinized starch, 20 to 30 percent of seaweed meal aqueous solution and 20 to 40 percent of bagasse fermentation product. The prepared fish bait has a multi-layer composite structure, has good dissolving performance in water, is beneficial to lasting release of food calling components in the food calling pellets and achieves good food calling and fish retaining effects, and in addition, compared with a traditional fish bait which is prepared and used at present, the fish bait provided by the invention is more convenient to use and lower in cost. The cost is reduced, and meanwhile, the freshness retaining property of the fish bait can be guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of feed, in particular to a multi-layer pelleted plant fish bait and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Fish bait is a kind of bait used to catch fish. Its purpose is to lure fish to a specific water area or lure fish to take the bait. Traditional fish bait is made from animal and plant materials that are edible to fish, and is simply mixed and processed. For example, plant materials such as soybean meal, bran, millet and corn grits are used, and animal materials such as Antarctic shrimp meal, fish meal, fish oil are used, and other pigments and flavoring ingredients are added to mix. In addition, in order to make fish bait have a better attractant effect, attractants are usually added to the fish bait. Common attractants include betaine, complex amino acids, etc. At present, seeking healthy and pollution-free attractants that have good fish-retaining effects is also an aspect that has been studied a lot.

[0003] The fish baits commonly used in the prior art are mostly powdered, which are mixed with water, rolled into balls, and then hooked on the fish hooks. They are made and used immediately, and are often not fresh and prone to excessive bacteria when reused. In addition, the freshly prepared fish baits also have the problem of dissolving too quickly in water. When the fish do not bite for a long time, they often need to be re-baited many times, which is inconvenient to use. Therefore, ensuring that the fish bait has good dissolution performance in water is also of positive significance to improving fishing efficiency.

[0004] In summary, in order to improve the ease of use of fish bait and the effect of attracting and retaining fish, the present invention proposes a multi-layer pellet-shaped plant fish bait and a preparation method thereof. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a multi-layer pelleted plant fish bait and a preparation method thereof.

[0006] The present invention is achieved by the following technical solution, which comprises the following steps:

[0007] The first aspect of the present invention provides a multi-layer pelleted plant fish bait, wherein the innermost layer of the multi-layer pelleted plant fish bait is a pellet core made of a base bait, a filler, a flavor and an adhesive, the surface of the pellet core has a plurality of pits filled with attractant micro-pellets, and the surface of the pellet core is attached with a microporous coating film with a controlled release effect;

[0008] The attractant micro-pellets include, by weight percentage, 40-50% pregelatinized starch, 20-30% seaweed powder aqueous solution and 20-40% fermented bagasse.

[0009] As a further optimization scheme of the present invention, the basic bait includes, by weight percentage, 50-60% soybean meal, 10-40% sweet potato flour, 20-30% bran and 10-20% corn flour.

[0010] As a further optimization scheme of the present invention, the bagasse fermented product is obtained after fermentation treatment using bagasse powder as a fermentation matrix, Lactobacillus rhamnosus as a fermentation strain, and phytosterols as a fermentation additive.

[0011] As a further optimization scheme of the present invention, the inoculation amount of the Lactobacillus rhamnosus is 10-15% of the mass of the fermentation substrate, and the addition amount of the phytosterol is 2-4% of the mass of the fermentation substrate.

[0012] As a further optimization scheme of the present invention, the filling height of the attractant micro-pellets in the pit is higher than the surface of the pill core, and the thickness of the microporous coating film is not less than the filling height of the attractant micro-pellets above the surface of the pill core.

[0013] The second aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing the multi-layer pelleted plant fish bait as described above, comprising the following steps:

[0014] (1) weighing a basic bait, a filler, a flavor and a binder, mixing them evenly and pressing them through a sieve to form a pellet core, making a pit on the surface of the pellet core, weighing a pregelatinized starch, a seaweed powder aqueous solution and a fermented bagasse product, mixing them evenly, stirring to form a soft material, filling the soft material into the pit, rolling and rounding the pellets in a pellet making machine, and finally drying at low temperature to obtain a pellet core filled with attractant micro-pellets;

[0015] (2) preparing a coating liquid, spraying the coating liquid on the surface of the pellet core filled with the appetizing pellets obtained in step (1), blowing hot and cold air alternately, and repeating the operation until the coating liquid is sprayed and a microporous coating film is attached to the surface of the pellet core, thereby obtaining a crude product;

[0016] (3) The crude product obtained in step (2) is shaped and low-temperature dried to obtain the multi-layer pelleted plant fish bait.

[0017] As a further optimization scheme of the present invention, in the steps (1) and (3), the low-temperature drying temperature is 25-30° C., and the drying time is 60-120 min.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0019] (1) The present invention first uses basic bait, filler, flavor and adhesive to make a ball core with a certain hardness as the basic skeleton of fish bait, and then uses pregelatinized starch, seaweed powder aqueous solution and sugarcane bagasse fermentation product as soft materials to fill the pits on the surface of the ball core to make attractant micro-pellets, and finally coats the ball core to obtain a microporous coating film on the surface of the ball core. The multi-layer pellet-shaped plant fish bait prepared by the present invention has a multi-layer composite structure and has good dissolution performance in water, which helps to release the attractant components in the attractant micro-pellets for a long time, achieves a good effect of attracting and retaining fish, and then increases the number of times the fish bait bites and is hooked.

[0020] (2) The multilayer pelleted plant fish bait prepared by the present invention has good antibacterial properties. The total number of bacteria after storage at room temperature for 7 days is lower than the national standard requirement for the total number of feed bacteria (≤2×10 6 cfu / g), compared with the traditional fish bait that is prepared and used immediately, it is more convenient to use, and can reduce the cost while also ensuring the freshness of the fish bait.

[0021] (3) The fermented sugarcane bagasse added to the attractant micro-pellet component of the present invention shows a better effect of attracting and retaining fish than the commonly used betaine attractant on the market, which has a positive significance in increasing the number of fish bites and the number of times they are hooked. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 The present invention provides a structural cross-sectional diagram of a multi-layer pellet-shaped plant fish bait AE.

[0023] Figure 2 The present invention provides a structural cross-sectional view of a multi-layer pellet-shaped plant fish bait F.

[0024] Figure 3 The present invention provides a structural cross-sectional view of a multi-layer pellet-shaped plant fish bait G. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The present invention is further described in detail below. It is necessary to point out that the following specific implementation methods are only used to further illustrate the present invention and cannot be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. Technicians in this field can make some non-essential improvements and adjustments to the present invention based on the above application content.

[0026] 1. Reagents and Materials

[0027] Unless otherwise specified, the reagents and materials used in this example are commercially available products.

[0028] Lactobacillus rhamnosus was purchased from Guangdong Mingtong Biotechnology;

[0029] Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC8014, from Shanghai Collection Biotechnology Center;

[0030] Food grade phytosterols, CAS number 83-46-5, were purchased from Guangdong Mingcheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0031] The formula of NA liquid culture medium is: 3 g beef extract, 5 g peptone, 2.5 g glucose and 1000 mL distilled water.

[0032] 2. Methods

[0033] Unless otherwise specified, the methods used in this embodiment are conventional methods known to those skilled in the art.

[0034] 1. Preparation of multi-layer pelleted plant fish bait

[0035] 1.1. Preparation of pellet core

[0036] Weigh basic bait, filler, flavor and adhesive, mix evenly, and press through a sieve to form a ball core. The diameter of the ball core is 10 mm, and in this embodiment, it is preferably 5 mm. The basic bait includes 50-60% soybean meal, 10-40% sweet potato flour, 20-30% bran and 10-20% corn flour in terms of weight percentage. In this embodiment, it is preferably 50% soybean meal, 20% sweet potato flour, 20% bran and 10% corn flour.

[0037] 1.2 Preparation of attractant pellets

[0038] First, Lactobacillus rhamnosus was inoculated into NA liquid culture medium at a 2% inoculum volume, and cultured under shaking conditions of 37°C, pH 6.0, and rotation speed 100 r / min for 24 h until the number of viable bacteria reached 10 8 / mL to obtain a bacterial suspension, and then use bagasse powder as a fermentation matrix, inoculate the bacterial suspension into the bagasse powder at 15% of the total mass of the fermentation matrix, add phytosterols to the bagasse powder at 4% of the total mass of the fermentation matrix, stir evenly, adjust the initial moisture content of the fermentation matrix to 40%, ferment at a fermentation temperature of 37°C, and then air-dry to obtain the bagasse fermentation product.

[0039] Subsequently, the raw materials were weighed in a ratio of 40% pregelatinized starch, 30% seaweed powder aqueous solution and 30% sugarcane bagasse fermentation product, and the pregelatinized starch, seaweed powder aqueous solution and sugarcane bagasse fermentation product were weighed and mixed evenly, and stirred to form a soft material. The seaweed powder aqueous solution was obtained by adding 10 parts by weight of seaweed powder to every 100 parts by weight of water and stirring evenly. Then, the soft material was filled into the pit, and then rolled and rounded by a pellet making machine to control the size of the attractant micro-pellet A to be 4 mm. Finally, it was dried at 25°C for 120 minutes to obtain a pellet core filled with the attractant micro-pellet A.

[0040] 1.3 Preparation of microporous coating membrane

[0041] First, cellulose acetate is dissolved in a solvent, and then castor oil and glucose are added and mixed evenly to form a coating solution. The amounts of the three components are 2-10 g of cellulose acetate, 0.5-2 g of castor oil, and 0.1-1 g of glucose, respectively. In this embodiment, preferably, per 100 ml of solvent, 10 g of cellulose acetate, 2 g of castor oil, and 1 g of glucose are used.

[0042] The coating liquid is sprayed on the surface of the pellet core filled with attractant micropellets obtained in step 1.3, and cold and hot air are blown in alternately. The operation is repeated until the coating liquid is sprayed and a microporous coating film is attached to the surface of the pellet core to obtain a crude product. Finally, the crude product is shaped and dried at 25°C for 120 minutes to obtain the multi-layer pelletized plant fish bait A.

[0043] 1.4. Test sample design

[0044] (1) In order to explore the effect of the ingredients and composition of the attractant micro-pellets on the application effect of the prepared multi-layer pelleted plant fish bait, the ingredients and composition of the attractant micro-pellets were adjusted as follows:

[0045] Attractant pellets B: Compared with attractant pellets A, the ingredients and composition of attractant pellets B are: 40% pregelatinized starch, 30% seaweed powder aqueous solution and 30% bagasse powder;

[0046] Attractant micropellets C: Compared with the attractant micropellets A, the strain selected for preparing sugarcane bagasse fermentation is Lactobacillus plantarum instead of Lactobacillus rhamnosus, and the other preparation conditions are consistent with the preparation conditions of the sugarcane bagasse fermentation used in the attractant micropellets A.

[0047] Appetite attractant micropellets D: Compared with appetite attractant micropellets A, when preparing sugarcane bagasse fermentation, corn oil was added to the sugarcane bagasse powder at 4% of the total mass of the fermentation matrix, and the other preparation conditions were consistent with the preparation conditions of the sugarcane bagasse fermentation used in appetite attractant micropellets A.

[0048] Attractant micropellets E: Compared with the attractant micropellets A, the ingredients and composition of the attractant micropellets E are: 40% pregelatinized starch, 30% seaweed powder aqueous solution and 30% betaine.

[0049] Then, the attractant pellets BE are prepared according to steps 1.2-1.3 to obtain the multi-layer pelleted plant fish bait BE. When the multi-layer pelleted plant fish bait AE is prepared, the filling height of the attractant pellets AE in the pits is higher than the surface of the pellet core, and the thickness of the microporous coating film is not less than the filling height of the attractant pellets higher than the surface of the pellet core. The structural cross-sectional diagram is as follows: Figure 1 shown.

[0050] (2) In order to explore the influence of the structure of the multi-layer pelleted plant fish bait on its application effect, the structure of the multi-layer pelleted plant fish bait was adjusted in the following manner:

[0051] Multilayer pellet-shaped plant fish bait F: The filling height of the attractant micro-pellets in the pellet core is level with the surface of the pellet core. The structural cross-section diagram is as follows: Figure 2 shown.

[0052] Multilayer pelletized plant fish bait G: During preparation, no pits are made on the surface of the pellet core. First, pregelatinized starch, seaweed powder aqueous solution and bagasse fermentation product are weighed and mixed evenly, stirred to form a soft material, the soft material is coated on the surface of the pellet core and then rolled and rounded in a pellet making machine to form an attractant layer on the surface of the pellet core. Then, a microporous coating film is attached to the surface of the attractant layer in the same manner as step 1.2 to obtain a crude product. Finally, the crude product is shaped and dried at 25°C for 120 minutes to obtain a structural cross-section diagram as shown in the following figure. Figure 3 shown.

[0053] Finally, pure pellets were used as control group 1, fish bait without attractant pellets was used as control group 2, and fish bait without preparing a microporous coating film layer with controlled release effect was used as control group 3.

[0054] 2. Determination of antibacterial properties of fish bait

[0055] The antibacterial properties of multi-layer pelleted plant fish bait AE and control group 1-2 were determined. The specific method was as follows: after storing equal amounts of multi-layer pelleted plant fish bait AE at room temperature and ventilation conditions for 7 and 15 days, the determination was performed in accordance with the detection method in GB / T 13093-2006 "Determination of the total number of bacteria in feed". The results are shown in Table 1.

[0056] Table 1 Antibacterial properties of different multi-layer pelleted plant fish baits

[0057]

[0058] As can be seen from Table 1, the total number of bacteria in the pure pellets (control group 1) stored for 7 days reached 1.8×10 7 cfu / g, far exceeding the national standard requirement for the total number of feed bacteria (≦2×10 6cfu / g), indicating that pure pellets are more likely to breed bacteria. The total number of bacteria in the fish bait without attractant micropellets (control group 2) after storage for 7 days was 3.2×10 6 cfu / g, which also exceeds the national standard for the total number of feed bacteria. It can be seen that the addition of attractant micropellets has a certain effect on the antibacterial properties of fish bait.

[0059] By comparing the multi-layer pelleted plant fish baits AE, it can be seen that the addition of attractant micropellets with different ingredients and compositions has different effects on the antibacterial properties of fish baits. By comparing fish bait A and fish bait B, it can be seen that the addition of fermented bagasse to the attractant micropellets helps to improve the antibacterial properties of fish baits. By comparing fish bait A and fish bait C, it can be seen that the fermentation of bagasse powder with different strains of bacteria has no significant effect on the antibacterial properties of fish baits. However, by comparing fish bait A and fish bait D, it can be seen that the addition of plant sterols during the fermentation of bagasse powder has a positive effect on the improvement of the antibacterial properties of fish baits. Fish bait E uses the commonly used commercial attractant betaine instead of the fermented bagasse in fish bait A. It can be seen that the total number of bacteria after storage for 7 days slightly exceeds the national standard requirement for the total number of bacteria in feed, and it has no positive significance for improving the antibacterial properties of fish baits.

[0060] 3. Determination of the dissolution properties of fish bait

[0061] The dissolution performance of multi-layer pelleted plant fish bait A, multi-layer pelleted plant fish bait FG and control groups 1-3 were measured respectively. The test method adopted the laboratory test method for testing. Specifically, a beaker was filled with water (the amount of water was at least more than half of the volume of the beaker), and the fish baits AG and the control groups 1-3 were hooked up with fishing lines and fish hooks respectively and placed in a beaker in a suspended state so that the fish baits were immersed in water. The time required for the fish baits of each experimental group to completely dissolve was recorded. Each experimental group was set up with 5 replicates, and the results were averaged with one decimal place retained. The statistical results are shown in Table 2.

[0062] Table 2 Dissolution properties of different multi-layer pelleted plant fish baits

[0063]

[0064] As can be seen from Table 2, control group 1 is a pure pellet core, which is made of basic bait, filler, flavor and adhesive. The use of adhesive makes the pure pellet core structure have a certain hardness. Compared with commercially available powdered fish bait, its dissolution time in water is relatively long. Control group 2 has a microporous coating film attached to the surface of the pure pellet core, and its dissolution time in water is improved compared with control group 1. Control group 3 is a pellet core filled with attractant micropellets, and no microporous coating film is attached to the surface of the pellet core. Its dissolution time in water is shortened compared with control group 2. It can be seen that the coating film with controlled release effect helps to prolong the dissolution time of fish bait in water. The fish bait can continuously release the attractant ingredients during the slow dissolution process, keeping the fish for a long time.

[0065] Compared with the control group 2, the dissolution time of the multi-layer granular plant fish bait A and FG in water is prolonged. The dissolution time of the multi-layer granular plant fish bait F in water is longer than that of the multi-layer granular plant fish bait A. The reason is that the attractant micropellets are filled inside the pellet core. Due to the excellent hardness of the pure pellet core, its dissolution performance is better than that of the multi-layer granular plant fish bait A as a whole.

[0066] 4. Determination of the application effect of fish bait

[0067] The multi-layer pelleted plant fish bait AG and the fish baits of the control group 1-3 were used for fishing test. The test site was a fish pond in Feidong County, Hefei City. The fish pond area was 5.74 mu, and the stocking density was 100-120 per mu. The farmed fish were grass carp, bream, etc. The multi-layer pelleted plant fish bait AG and the fish baits of the control group 1-3 were put on the fish hooks in turn. After the routine preparation operation before the fishing test, the number of bites and the number of hooks of each experimental group within one hour were recorded respectively. Each experimental group was repeated three times, and the results were rounded. The statistical results are shown in Table 3.

[0068] Table 3 Application effects of different multi-layer pelleted plant fish baits

[0069]

[0070] As can be seen from Table 3, the number of bites and the number of hooks in one hour of fish bait A are better than those of other groups. The difference between fish baits AE lies in the different ingredients and composition of the attractant micropellets. According to the test results, it can be seen that adding fermented sugarcane bagasse to the attractant micropellets has a good fish attracting effect and can increase the number of bites and the number of hooks. Compared with fish bait D, the added sugarcane bagasse fermentation product in fish bait A adds plant sterols during the fermentation preparation, which helps to improve the fish attracting effect of the attractant micropellets. In addition, the commercially available betaine in the attractant micropellets of fish bait D replaces the fermented sugarcane bagasse in the attractant micropellets of fish bait A. From the test results, it can be seen that the fish attracting effect of fermented sugarcane bagasse is better than that of betaine.

[0071] In addition, by comparing fish bait A with fish bait FG, it can be seen that the structure of the fish bait has a certain degree of influence on its effect in attracting fish to hook. The attractant micropellets of fish bait F are filled inside the pellet core, and the release effect of the attractant components in the attractant micropellets is not as good as that of fish bait A. The attractant micropellets of fish bait G are compounded on the surface of the pellet core. Compared with fish bait A, its effect of releasing attractant components is better. Therefore, its number of bites per hour is higher than that of fish bait A, but its number of hooks per hour is lower than that of fish bait A. It is speculated that the reason is that the degree of attachment of the attractant micropellets of fish bait G to the surface of the pellet core is not as good as that of fish bait A, which causes the attractant layer to fall off and dissolve easily when the fish bites the hook, resulting in poor fish retention effect.

[0072] The above-mentioned embodiments only express several implementation methods of the present invention, and the description thereof is relatively specific and detailed, but it cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be pointed out that, for ordinary technicians in this field, several variations and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, which all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-layer pelleted plant fish bait, characterized in that: The innermost layer of the multi-layer pellet-shaped plant fish bait is a pellet core made of a basic bait, a filler, an essence and an adhesive, the surface of the pellet core has a plurality of pits filled with attractant micro-pellets, and the surface of the pellet core is attached with a microporous coating film with a controlled release effect; The attractant micro-pellets include, by weight percentage, 40-50% pregelatinized starch, 20-30% seaweed powder aqueous solution and 20-40% fermented bagasse.

2. The multi-layer pelleted plant fish bait according to claim 1, characterized in that: The basic bait comprises 50-60% soybean meal, 10-40% sweet potato flour, 20-30% bran and 10-20% corn flour according to weight percentage.

3. The multi-layer pelleted plant fish bait according to claim 1, characterized in that: The components and dosage of the microporous coating film are: 2-10g of cellulose acetate, 0.5-2g of castor oil and 0.1-1g of glucose.

4. The multi-layer pelleted plant fish bait according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sugarcane bagasse fermented product is obtained by fermenting sugarcane bagasse powder as a fermentation matrix, using Lactobacillus rhamnosus as a fermentation strain, and using phytosterol as a fermentation additive.

5. The multi-layer pelleted plant fish bait according to claim 4, characterized in that: The inoculation amount of the Lactobacillus rhamnosus is 10-15% of the mass of the fermentation substrate, and the addition amount of the phytosterol is 2-4% of the mass of the fermentation substrate.

6. The multi-layer pelleted plant fish bait according to claim 1, characterized in that: The filling height of the attractant micro-pellets in the pit is higher than the surface of the ball core, and the thickness of the microporous coating film is not less than the filling height of the attractant micro-pellets above the surface of the ball core.

7. A method for preparing the multi-layer pelleted plant fish bait according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) weighing a basic bait, a filler, a flavor and a binder, mixing them evenly and pressing them through a sieve to form a pellet core, making a pit on the surface of the pellet core, weighing a pregelatinized starch, a seaweed powder aqueous solution and a fermented bagasse product, mixing them evenly, stirring to form a soft material, filling the soft material into the pit, rolling and rounding the pellets in a pellet making machine, and finally drying at low temperature to obtain a pellet core filled with attractant micro-pellets; (2) preparing a coating liquid, spraying the coating liquid on the surface of the pellet core filled with the appetizing pellets obtained in step (1), blowing hot and cold air alternately, and repeating the operation until the coating liquid is sprayed and a microporous coating film is attached to the surface of the pellet core, thereby obtaining a crude product; (3) The crude product obtained in step (2) is shaped and low-temperature dried to obtain the multi-layer pelleted plant fish bait.

8. The method for producing a multi-layer pelleted plant fish bait according to claim 7, characterized in that: In the steps (1) and (3), the low-temperature drying temperature is 25-30° C. and the drying time is 60-120 min.

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