Ray thickness gauge and sheet rolling machine

Abstract

The invention discloses a ray thickness gauge capable of being quickly maintained, which comprises an emitting head for outputting X rays, a receiving head for receiving the X rays and performing ionization to generate thickness detection signals, a plurality of functional modules arranged in the emitting head and a plurality of functional modules arranged in the receiving head, the transmitting head and / or the receiving head comprises a box body, a cover body, a board card detection module and an indication module, the cover body covers or exposes an opening of the box body, the plurality of function modules are respectively installed on a plurality of function board cards, and the function board cards are detachably installed in the box body and can be taken out from the opening; the function board card detection module detects whether the function of each function board card is normal or not, and controls the indication module to indicate the detection result of each function board card. Compared with the prior art, faults can be rapidly positioned for corresponding maintenance, and the maintenance time is shortened.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of ray measurement, in particular to a ray thickness gauge which can be quickly maintained. Background Art

[0002] In the thin sheet rolling process, thickness gauges are widely used as key equipment for measuring the thickness of plate materials based on X-rays, especially in the measurement of strip materials and foil materials (such as aluminum foil), where the thickness measurement needs to be less than 10 microns. The key components of traditional thickness gauges usually include a transmitter and a receiver, where the transmitter is used to emit rays and the receiver receives the rays that pass through the material to be measured to measure the thickness of the material.

[0003] The main structure of the transmitter and the receiver is generally a hollow installation box, which is equipped with a control board card inside. The control board card is used to drive the ray emission or receiving device to work. Since the installation position of the thickness gauge in the thin-sheet rolling mill is quite limited and the surrounding space is very narrow, it is not conducive to the maintenance personnel to make relevant fault judgments. The maintenance personnel often need to open both the transmitter and the receiver, take out all the boards inside, and pay attention to troubleshooting the problem. The maintenance time is long, which seriously delays the progress of production work.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a radiographic thickness gauge and a thin sheet rolling machine that can solve the above problems. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a radiographic thickness gauge and a thin-sheet rolling machine, which can quickly locate the fault location and perform corresponding maintenance, thereby shortening the maintenance time.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides a quickly repairable X-ray thickness gauge, comprising a transmitting head for outputting X-rays, a receiving head for receiving X-rays and ionizing to generate thickness detection signals, a plurality of functional modules installed in the transmitting head and a plurality of functional modules installed in the receiving head, the transmitting head and / or the receiving head comprising a box body, a cover body, a board detection module and an indication module, the cover body covers or exposes an opening of the box body, a plurality of the functional modules are respectively installed on a plurality of functional boards, the functional boards are detachably installed in the box body and can be taken out from the opening; the functional board detection module detects whether the function of each of the functional boards is normal, and controls the indication module to indicate the detection result of each of the functional boards.

[0007] Preferably, the function board detection module and the indication module of the transmitter are installed in the box of the transmitter; the function board detection module and the indication module of the receiving head are installed in the box of the receiving head. This solution allows the operator to directly determine the box where the faulty function board is located by the location of the indication module that indicates the fault, and open the corresponding transmitter or receiving head to locate the fault and replace the function board.

[0008] Specifically, the function board detection module includes a self-checking unit installed on each function board, and each self-checking unit detects whether the function of the function board is normal, so as to control the indication module to indicate the detection result of the function board. This solution enables each function board to have a fault detection unit. After replacing the function board, there is no need to worry about the failure of fault detection caused by wiring errors, thereby reducing the maintenance failure rate.

[0009] Preferably, the indication module includes a display unit and / or a sound alarm installed on each of the function boards, each of the display units displays the detection result of the function board where it is located, and each of the sound alarms sounds an alarm when the function board where it is located fails. This solution allows the user to intuitively locate the faulty function board and replace it accordingly.

[0010] Specifically, the display unit is an indicator light, a liquid crystal screen or a digital display screen, and the sound alarm is a buzzer or a loudspeaker.

[0011] Preferably, the function board detection module starts to detect whether the function board is normal upon power-on and / or at a preset period and / or according to an external control command.

[0012] Preferably, the function board detection module determines whether the function of the function board is normal by determining whether the electrical detection signal of each function board is normal, and the electrical detection signal is a calibration signal and / or output signal and / or input signal for determining the operation of the hardware in the function board.

[0013] Specifically, the functional board in the transmitting head includes at least two combinations of a shutter drive board, a filament current board and a first temperature detection board. The shutter drive board outputs a shutter drive signal to the X-ray component in the transmitting head to control the shutter switch of the X-ray component. The X-ray component of the transmitting head receives a high-voltage power supply and emits X-rays. The filament current board provides a filament heating voltage to the filament of the X-ray component to heat the filament, and detects the current on the filament in the X-ray component to obtain the filament detection current. The first temperature detection board is connected to a first temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of the transmitting head and a second temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of the chamber where the X-ray component is located, and the detection temperature signals output by the first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor are obtained for temperature protection. The functional board in the receiving head includes a high-voltage bias board, At least two of the preamplifier board, the voltage frequency control board and the second temperature detection board are combined, the high voltage bias board converts the supply voltage into the rated driving voltage, and generates a bias high voltage signal according to the driving voltage, and transmits the bias high voltage signal to the ionization chamber in the receiving head, so that the ionization chamber receives the X-rays emitted by the transmitting head and generates ions, thereby outputting a weak current to the outside; the preamplifier board receives the weak current and amplifies and converts it into a thickness detection signal, the voltage frequency control board transmits a pulse signal to the preamplifier board to control the detection frequency of the preamplifier board, and the second temperature detection board is connected to the third temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of the receiving head and the fourth temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of the ionization chamber, and obtains the detection temperature signals output by the third temperature sensor and the fourth temperature sensor for temperature protection. The function board detection module determines whether the function of the function board is normal by determining whether the electrical detection signal of each function board meets the preset range. The electrical detection signal of the filament current board includes the filament detection current and the filament heating voltage of the filament current board, the electrical detection signal of the shutter drive board includes the shutter drive signal and the clock signal of the chip therein, the electrical detection signal of the first temperature detection board includes the calibration temperature value obtained by the temperature detection circuit in the first temperature detection board according to a preset resistance value and the detection temperature value obtained by the temperature detection circuit in the first temperature detection board according to the detection temperature signal output by the first temperature sensor. The electrical detection signal of the high-voltage bias board includes the driving voltage and the bias high-voltage signal, the electrical detection signal of the voltage frequency control board includes the pulse signal and the clock signal of the chip therein, the electrical detection signal of the preamplifier board includes the standard voltage generated by the power supply and the gain multiple outputted by taking the standard voltage as input, the electrical detection signal of the second temperature detection board includes the calibration temperature value obtained by the temperature detection circuit in the second temperature detection board according to a preset resistance value and the detection temperature value obtained by the temperature detection circuit in the second temperature detection board according to the detection temperature signal output by the third temperature sensor.

[0014] Preferably, the X-ray thickness gauge also includes a shutter interlocking module, which obtains the filament detection current and determines whether the filament detection current is normal. If the filament detection current is normal, it detects whether the shutter of the X-ray component is open. If the shutter of the X-ray component is open, it determines that the X-ray thickness gauge is abnormal and displays the judgment result on the display interface. If the shutter of the X-ray component is closed, it determines that the X-ray thickness gauge is normal and displays the judgment result on the display interface. If the filament detection current is abnormal, the shutter of the X-ray component is closed, and the X-ray thickness gauge is abnormal and displays the judgment result on the display interface. The shutter interlocking module is used to link the transmitting head and the receiving head to ensure that the X-ray of the transmitting head is turned off when the receiving head fails.

[0015] Specifically, the shutter and the switch controlling the shutter are powered by an input power supply. The X-ray thickness gauge is also provided with a backup power supply for the input power supply. The shutter interlocking module also detects whether the input power supply of the shutter is normal before determining whether the filament detection current is normal. If the input power supply is abnormal, the backup power supply is started and the shutter is closed. If the input power supply is normal, the backup power supply is continued to be determined whether the filament detection current is normal, so as to prevent the shutter from being unable to be closed due to an unexpected power supply failure of the shutter assembly.

[0016] Preferably, the X-ray thickness gauge also includes a signal detection module and an operation system. The signal detection module is in communication connection with each of the functional board detection modules and obtains the detection results of the functional board detection modules. The operation system determines whether the X-ray thickness gauge has an abnormality based on the detection results. If not, it continues to work. If so, it closes the shutter of the X-ray component in the transmitter head. The operation system also displays the detection results of each functional board and the judgment result of whether the X-ray thickness gauge has an abnormality on a display interface. This solution allows the X-ray component to be shut down in time when a fault occurs in the X-ray thickness gauge to prevent safety hazards caused by X-ray leakage. Moreover, this solution performs dual fault location. Maintenance personnel can first determine the location of the faulty functional board from the display interface, and then open the box body and re-confirm the specific faulty functional board through the indicator module inside the box body.

[0017] Specifically, the control end of the shutter is provided with a shutter switch and an emergency switch in parallel. When the X-ray thickness gauge is abnormal, the shutter drive board, the shutter interlocking module or the operation and control system controls the shutter switch to close the shutter of the X-ray component. When the shutter switch fails to close, the operation and control system controls the emergency switch to force the shutter to close. This solution can close the shutter through the emergency switch in an emergency when the shutter switch is out of control, ensuring that the X-ray component is closed.

[0018] Preferably, the box body and the cover body are connected in an opening and closing manner via a pull-out structure. Based on the pull-out structure, the cover body can be pulled away from or close to the box body to open or close the opening of the box body.

[0019] Preferably, the box body is mounted on a support arm, and the box body and the support arm are rotationally connected via a rotating structure. Based on the rotating structure, the box body can rotate in a vertical plane so that the cover body faces different directions, and the cover body is snap-connected to the box body.

[0020] The above two solutions have been designed to avoid disassembly when repairing the transmitter and receiver heads, and can be used in mechanisms with narrow installation locations. When the control board in the box needs to be replaced, the cover can be pulled off the box to expose the internal space of the box. The operator can then replace the control board on site, and after the replacement is completed, the cover can be reset. It can be seen that based on the above-mentioned pull-out radiographic thickness measurement component, the control board can be replaced on site without disassembly, thereby greatly shortening maintenance time and helping to improve production efficiency.

[0021] Preferably, a spare functional board is installed in the box body. This solution enables the operator to complete a quick repair by simply opening the corresponding box body according to the prompt of the indicating unit without carrying all the faulty boards.

[0022] The present invention also provides a thin sheet rolling machine, comprising a radiographic thickness gauge, wherein the radiographic thickness gauge is the radiographic thickness gauge as described above.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the present invention arranges the receiving head and the transmitting head into a box shape, and then provides an opening and closing cover. During operation, the function board detection module detects whether the function of each function board is normal. In the event of an abnormality, the indication module directly indicates the abnormal function board, which is convenient for maintenance personnel to quickly locate the abnormal point, open the cover of the corresponding box body, take out the broken function board and replace it, thereby quickly restoring the operation of the X-ray thickness gauge. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 It is a stereoscopic diagram of the radiographic thickness gauge of the present invention at one angle.

[0025] Figure 2 It is a stereoscopic diagram of the radiographic thickness gauge of the present invention from another angle.

[0026] Figure 3 It is a structural diagram of the cover of the receiving head in the X-ray thickness gauge of the present invention being opened.

[0027] Figure 4 It is a structural diagram of the cover of the transmitting head in the X-ray thickness gauge of the present invention being opened.

[0028] Figure 5 It is a structural diagram of the support arm in the X-ray thickness gauge of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 6 It is a structural diagram of the transmitter head box body in the X-ray thickness gauge of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 7 It is a circuit diagram between various functional modules in the ray thickness gauge of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 8 It is a structural diagram of each functional board in the X-ray thickness gauge of the present invention.

[0032] Fig. 9 It is a self-test flow chart of the shutter drive board of the present invention.

[0033] Fig.10 It is a self-checking flow chart of the filament current board of the present invention.

[0034] Fig.11 It is a self-test flow chart of the first temperature detection board of the present invention.

[0035] Fig.12 It is a self-test flow chart of the high voltage bias board of the present invention.

[0036] Fig.13 It is a self-check flow chart of the high voltage frequency control board of the present invention.

[0037] Fig.14 It is a self-test flow chart of the preamplifier board of the present invention.

[0038] Fig.15 It is a self-test flow chart of the second temperature detection board of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] In order to explain the technical content, structural features, achieved objectives and effects of the present invention in detail, the following is a detailed description in conjunction with the implementation methods and the accompanying drawings.

[0040] The invention discloses a thin sheet rolling machine for rolling thin sheets such as strips and foils (aluminum foils), the thin sheet rolling machine comprises a radiographic thickness gauge for detecting the thickness of the thin sheet and the radiographic thickness gauge can be quickly maintained.

[0041] refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2The X-ray thickness gauge comprises two supporting arms 1 arranged opposite to each other, a transmitter head 2 and a receiver head 3 respectively connected to the end faces of the two supporting arms 1, and several functional modules installed in the transmitter head 2 and several functional modules installed in the receiver head 3. The transmitter head outputs X-rays, and the receiver head 3 receives X-rays and ionizes them to generate thickness detection signals. The transmitter head 2 comprises a box body 50a, a cover body 51a, a board detection module and an indication module, and the receiver head 3 comprises a box body 50b, a cover body 51b, a board detection module and an indication module, and the cover bodies 51a and 51b cover or expose the openings of the box bodies 50a and 50b, and several functional modules are respectively installed on multiple functional boards B, and the functional boards B are detachably installed in the box bodies 50a and 50b and can be taken out from the openings. The functional board detection module detects whether the function of each functional board B is normal, and controls the indication module to indicate the detection result of each functional board B.

[0042] refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 The transmitting head 2 is provided with a ray transmitter F1 facing the receiving head 3, and the receiving head 3 is provided with a ray receiver F2 opposite to the ray transmitter F1 and used to receive the ray emitted by the ray transmitter F1. There is a placement space 4 between the transmitting head 2 and the receiving head 3 for placing the material to be tested.

[0043] refer to Figure 3 and Figure 4 The first side wall of the box body 50a, 50b has an opening. In order to facilitate the opening and closing of the cover body 51a, 51b and the placement of the function card B, the opening on the box body 50a, 50b extends from the leftmost side wall to the rightmost side wall. The box body 50a, 50b has a placement space 54. The placement space 54 is provided with a plurality of card slots 55 for plugging in the function card on two opposite side walls adjacent to the first side wall, so that the function card can be directly placed and taken in by plugging.

[0044] The structure of the box body 50a and the cover body 51a of the transmitting head 2 can be the same as that of the receiving head 3, or different from that of the receiving head 3. The box body 50a and the cover body 51a of the transmitting head 2 can be connected by a pull-out method or a snap-fit ​​method, and of course other closing methods can be used, such as a one-side flip-and-one-side snap-fit ​​connection method. The box body 50b and the cover body 51b of the receiving head 3 can be connected by a pull-out method or a snap-fit ​​connection method, and of course other closing methods can be used, such as a one-side flip-and-one-side snap-fit ​​connection method.

[0045] In order to allow enough space for the cover bodies 51a and 51b to be opened and closed, the box bodies 50a and 50b can be rotatably connected to the support arm 1, so that the cover body 51 can be rotated to a suitable position for opening and closing. Different from this, the box bodies 50a and 50b and the support arm 1 can also be flipped and connected, so that the box bodies 50a and 50b can be flipped to a position where there is enough space for the cover bodies 51a and 51b to open and close. Of course, the box bodies 50a and 50b can also be moved to a position with enough space relative to the cover bodies 51a and 51b by sliding or the like. The connection structure between the box body 50a of the transmitting head 2 and the support arm 1 can be the same as that of the receiving head 3, or it can be different from that of the receiving head 3.

[0046] refer to Figures 4 to 6 The box body 50a of the transmitter 1 is rotatably connected to the support arm 1 via a rotating structure. Based on the rotating structure, the box body 50a can rotate along the C1-C2 direction in a vertical plane (such as Figure 4 ) so that the cover body 51a faces different directions.

[0047] For the X-ray thickness gauge in this embodiment, since the box body 50a is rotatably connected to the support arm 1 through a rotating structure, when the function board B in the box body 50a needs to be replaced, it is only necessary to rotate the box body 50a so that the cover body 51a faces a convenient operation position, and then pull the cover body 51a away from the box body 50a to expose the internal space of the box body 50a. Then the operator can replace the function board B on site. After the replacement is completed, the cover body 51a is reset and the box body 50a is rotated to reset. It can be seen that based on the above-mentioned rotary X-ray thickness gauge, the function board B can be replaced on site without disassembling the machine, thereby greatly shortening the maintenance time and helping to improve production efficiency.

[0048] On the other hand, the rotating structure includes a connecting hole 52 on the box body 50a and a connecting shaft 10 provided on the support arm 1, wherein the connecting shaft 10 is located in the connecting hole 52, and the connecting shaft 10 and the connecting hole 52 can rotate relative to each other. With the cooperation between the connecting shaft 10 and the connecting hole 52, the box body 50a can rotate relative to the support arm 1 to change the orientation of the cover body 51a.

[0049] In addition, two limiting portions 53 are spaced apart at the edge of the connecting hole 52 in the box body 50a, and a limiting matching portion 11 is provided on the outer side of the connecting shaft 10. Any limiting portion 53 and the limiting matching portion 11 can abut against each other to prevent the box body 50a from continuing to rotate.

[0050] In this embodiment, two rotation limit positions are set for the box body 50a by the cooperation of two limit parts 53 and one limit matching part 11. When the box body 50a rotates in the clockwise direction so that one of the limit parts 53 abuts against the limit matching part 11, the box body 50a cannot continue to rotate and stays at this position. When the box body 50a rotates in the counterclockwise direction so that the other limit part 53 abuts against the limit matching part 11, the box body 50a cannot continue to rotate and stays at this position. Therefore, by setting the two limit parts 53, when the box body 50a is in one limit position, the cover body 51a faces directly downward, and the ray emitter F1 on the other side of the cover body 51a faces the placement space 4; and when the box body 50a is in the other limit position, the cover body 51a faces the direction that is convenient for the operator to operate.

[0051] Specifically, a central angle formed by the two limiting portions 53 and the center of the connecting hole 52 is 180° or 90°.

[0052] When the central angle formed by the two limiting portions 53 and the center of the connecting hole 52 is 180°, Figure 5 Through the rotational movement of the box body 50a, the cover body 51a can be located on the side facing the placement space 4 or the side facing away from the placement space 4.

[0053] When the central angle formed by the two limiting portions 53 and the center of the connecting hole 52 is 90°, the cover 51 a can be located on a side facing the placement space 4 or on a side lateral to the placement space 4 .

[0054] The cover 51a is snap-fitted and connected to the box body 50a, so as to facilitate opening or closing of the box body 50a.

[0055] A plurality of pairs of slots 55 are provided on the side walls of the box body 50a, and the slots 55a are used to hold the function boards B. In this embodiment, the function boards B can be placed in order by providing a plurality of pairs of slots 55a.

[0056] refer to Figure 3In this embodiment, the box body 50b of the receiving head 3 is connected to the cover body 51b of the receiving head 3 by a pull-out structure. Based on the pull-out structure, the cover body 51b can be pulled away from or close to the box body 50b. The box body 50b is used to place a number of functional boards B. The data processor is electrically connected to the functional board B. Since the box body 50b and the cover body 51b are connected to each other by a pull-out structure, when the functional board B in the box body 50b needs to be replaced, the cover body 51b only needs to be pulled away from the box body 50b to expose the internal space of the box body 50b, and then the operator can replace the functional board B on site. After the replacement is completed, the cover body 51b can be reset. Based on the above-mentioned X-ray thickness gauge, it supports on-site replacement of the functional board B without disassembling the machine, thereby greatly shortening the maintenance time and helping to improve production efficiency.

[0057] On the other hand, based on the pull-out structure, the cover 51b can slide linearly along a preset track L to open or close the opening of the box body 50b. Arranging the cover 51b to slide linearly can make the pull-out structure simpler.

[0058] On the other hand, the contact surface between the cover 51b and the box body 50b is an inclined surface M. Thus, the box body 50b and the cover 51b are respectively two hollow shells with triangular longitudinal sections. When the box body 50b and the cover 51b are separated, the internal space of the box body 50b can be exposed to the greatest extent, and the arrangement of the functional board B in the box body 50b will not be affected.

[0059] Specifically, a first navigation bar 52 is disposed on the top of the box body 50b, and the cover body 51b is slidably connected to the first navigation bar 52. Based on the first navigation bar 52, the sliding track of the box body 50b can be limited to avoid deviation during the sliding process.

[0060] In addition, the bottom of the cover 51b is provided with a second navigation bar 53 which extends into the bottom of the box body 50b and is slidably connected to the box body 50b. The second navigation bar 53 can prevent the bottom of the cover 51b from shaking.

[0061] On the other hand, the support arm 1 is in a C-shaped structure to save installation space.

[0062] Preferably, the box body 50b is also rotatably connected to the support arm 1 via a rotating structure. Based on the rotating structure, the box body 50b can rotate along the C1-C2 direction in the vertical plane (eg Figure 4 ) so that the cover body 51b faces different directions.

[0063] The boxes 50a and 50b are also equipped with a spare functional board B.

[0064] refer to Figure 8 The function board detection module includes a first function board detection module 31 located in the transmitter head 2 and a second function board detection module 32 located in the receiver head 3, and the indication module includes a first indication module 31 located in the transmitter head 2 and a second indication module 32 located in the receiver head 3. The first function board detection module 31 includes a plurality of self-checking units respectively installed on the corresponding function board B, and the second function board detection module 32 includes a plurality of self-checking units respectively installed on the corresponding function board B. The first indication module 31 includes a plurality of display units and / or sound alarms installed on the corresponding function board B, and the second indication module 32 includes a plurality of display units and / or sound alarms installed on the corresponding function board B.

[0065] Wherein, the display unit is an indicator light, a liquid crystal screen or a digital display screen, and the sound alarm is a buzzer or a loudspeaker.

[0066] For example, if the display unit is an indicator light and the sound alarm is a buzzer, when the detection result of the functional board is normal, the indicator light shows green and the buzzer emits a short sound or no sound. When the detection result of the functional board is a fault, the indicator light shows red and the buzzer emits a continuous alarm sound until the operator turns it off or it lasts for a preset time. Of course, the indication methods of the indicator light and the buzzer are not limited to the above methods, and the detection results can also be indicated by other colors, flashing methods, and sound methods.

[0067] The function board detection module starts to perform self-test when powered on and / or at a preset period and / or according to an external control command.

[0068] Specifically, the function board detection module determines whether the function of the function board B is normal by judging whether the electrical detection signal of each function board B is within a preset range. The electrical detection signal is a calibration signal and / or output signal and / or input signal for judging the hardware operation in the function board B.

[0069] Preferably, the X-ray thickness gauge further includes a signal detection module and an operation system 63, wherein the signal detection module is connected in communication with each of the function board B detection modules, wherein the signal detection module includes a first signal detection board 61 connected in communication with the self-test unit of each function board B in the transmitter head 2, and a second signal detection board 62 connected in communication with the self-test unit of each function board B in the receiving head 3, wherein the first signal detection board 61 obtains the detection result of the self-test unit of each function board B in the transmitter head 2, and the second signal detection board 62 obtains the detection result of the self-test unit of each function board B in the transmitter head 3. The first signal detection board 61 and the second signal detection board 62 also transmit the detection results to the operation system 63 respectively. The operation system 63 determines whether the X-ray thickness gauge is abnormal based on the detection results, and if not, continues to work, and if so, closes the shutter of the X-ray component 12 in the transmitter head 2, and the operation system also controls the display interface 64 of the display screen to display the detection result of each function board B and the judgment result of whether the X-ray thickness gauge is abnormal. This solution allows the X-ray assembly 12 to be shut down in time when a fault occurs in the X-ray thickness gauge, thereby preventing safety hazards caused by X-ray leakage. In addition, this solution performs dual fault location, where the maintenance personnel can first determine the location of the faulty function board B from the display interface 64, and then confirm the specific faulty function board B through the indication module in the box body 50 after opening the box body 50.

[0070] refer to Figure 8 The control end of the shutter is provided with a shutter switch 81 and an emergency switch 82 in parallel. When the X-ray thickness gauge is abnormal, the shutter drive board 13, the shutter interlocking module 70 or the operation system 63 controls the shutter switch 81 to operate to close the shutter of the X-ray component 12. When the shutter switch 81 fails to close the shutter, the operation system 63 controls the emergency switch 82 to operate to force the shutter to close. This solution can close the shutter through the emergency switch 82 in an emergency when the shutter switch 81 is out of control, ensuring that the X-ray component 12 is closed.

[0071] refer to Figure 7 and Figure 8 The functional board B in the transmitter head 2 includes a shutter driving board 13 , a filament current board 14 and a first temperature detection board 15 .

[0072] refer to Figure 7 The shutter drive board 13 outputs a shutter drive signal to the X-ray component 12 in the transmitter head 2 to control the shutter switch 81 of the X-ray component 12. The X-ray component 12 of the transmitter head 2 receives a high voltage power supply and emits X-rays. The filament current board 14 provides a filament heating voltage to the filament of the X-ray component to heat the filament, and detects the current on the filament in the X-ray component to obtain the filament detection current. Figure 8 The first temperature detection plate 15 is connected to a first temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of the transmitter head 2 and a second temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of the chamber where the X-ray component 12 is located, and obtains the detection temperature signals output by the first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor for temperature protection.

[0073] The first temperature detection board 15 also has a power supply module, which converts the external power supply into a power supply and supplies power to the shutter driving board 13 and the filament current board 14 .

[0074] The X-ray thickness gauge also has a high-voltage power supply module for providing a high-voltage power supply, such as a high voltage of 10KV, to the X-ray component 12 .

[0075] refer to Figure 8 The shutter drive board 13 has a self-test unit 311, a display unit 411 and a sound alarm 412. The electrical detection signal of the shutter drive board 13 includes a shutter drive signal and a clock signal of the chip therein. The shutter drive signal is a pulse voltage signal. Fig. 9 , the working process of the self-test unit 311 is as follows: S11 turns on the shutter drive board 13, S12 detects whether the clock signal inside the shutter drive board 13 is normal, if not S14 closes the shutter, determines that the shutter drive board 13 is faulty, controls the display unit 411 and the sound alarm 412 to indicate the detection result, S16, converts the detection result into a corresponding communication code, and sends it to the operation system 63 through the first signal detection board 61. S13 If the clock signal is normal, detect whether the output shutter drive signal is normal, if so, S15 determines that the shutter drive board 13 is normal, controls the display unit 411 and the sound alarm 412 to indicate the detection result, S16 converts the detection result into a corresponding communication code, and sends it to the operation system 63 through the first signal detection board 61. If the shutter drive signal is abnormal, the shutter is closed by executing step S14, the shutter drive board 13 is judged to be faulty, the display unit 411 and the sound alarm 412 are controlled to indicate the detection result, and S16, the detection result is converted into a corresponding communication code, and sent to the operation system 63 through the first signal detection board 61. Among them, the shutter drive board 13 also obtains the current opening and closing status of the shutter, and feeds back the information to the operation system 63 through the first signal detection board 61. In this embodiment, the electrical detection signal of the shutter drive board 13 is a calibration signal (clock signal) and an output signal (shutter drive signal). The operation system 63 will close the shutter according to the detection result of the shutter failure.

[0076] refer to Figure 8 The filament current board 14 has a self-checking unit 312, a display unit 413 and a sound alarm 414, and the electrical detection signal of the filament current board 14 includes the filament detection current and the filament heating voltage of the filament current board 14. Fig.10 The working process of the self-test unit 312 is as follows: S21 energizes the filament current board 14, S22 detects whether the filament heating voltage is normal, if not S24 stops outputting the filament heating voltage to protect the filament lamp tube and determines that the filament current board 14 is faulty, controls the display unit 413 and the sound alarm 414 to indicate the fault, S26 converts the detection result into a corresponding communication code, and transmits the communication code of the detection result to the operation system 63 through the first signal detection board 61; if the filament heating voltage is normal, continue to start the filament operating frequency, S23 detects whether the filament detection current is normal, if not S24 stops outputting the filament The heating voltage is used to protect the lamp tube of the filament, and the filament current board 14 is judged to be faulty, and the display unit 413 and the sound alarm 414 are controlled to indicate the fault. S26 converts the detection result into a corresponding communication code, and transmits the communication code of the detection result to the operation system 63 through the first signal detection board 61; if the filament detection current is normal, S25 determines that the filament current board 14 is normal, controls the display unit 413 and the sound alarm 414 to indicate the detection result, S26 converts the detection result into a corresponding communication code, and transmits the communication code of the detection result to the operation system 63 through the first signal detection board 61. In this embodiment, the electrical detection signal of the filament current board 14 is an output signal (filament heating voltage) and an input signal (filament detection current, which can also be called a feedback signal).

[0077] refer to Figure 8 , the first temperature detection board 15 has a self-test unit 313, a display unit 415 and a sound alarm 416, and the electrical detection signal of the first temperature detection board 15 includes a standard temperature value obtained by inputting a preset resistance value as a calibration temperature signal into the temperature detection circuit in the first temperature detection board 15 and a detection temperature value obtained by inputting the detection temperature signal input by the first temperature sensor into the temperature detection circuit in the first temperature detection board 15. Among them, a preset resistor with a fixed and known resistance is added to the first temperature detection board 15, and the preset resistance of the preset resistor corresponds to the resistance of the thermistor at normal temperature. During self-test, the two ends of the preset resistor are connected to the input end of the temperature detection circuit, and the temperature detection circuit outputs a standard temperature value according to the preset resistance. The electrical detection signal of the first temperature detection board 15 is an output signal, which is a calibration output signal (standard temperature value) and a detection output signal (detection temperature value). Reference Fig.11The working process of the self-test unit 313 is as follows: S31 turns on the power of the first temperature detection board 15, S32 outputs the preset resistance value as input to the temperature detection circuit to obtain the standard temperature value, S33 determines whether the standard temperature value is normal, if not S34 determines that the current first temperature detection board 15 is faulty, controls the display unit 415 and the sound alarm 416 to indicate the fault, controls the shutter to close, S37 converts the detection result into a corresponding communication code, and transmits the communication code of the detection result to the operation system 63 through the first signal detection board 61; if the calibration temperature signal is normal, S35 detects the temperature of the transmitter head (the detection temperature signal input by the first temperature sensor) The first temperature detection board 15 is normal. If so, S36 determines that the first temperature detection board 15 is normal, controls the display unit 415 and the sound alarm 416 to indicate the detection result, S37 converts the detection result into a corresponding communication code, and transmits the communication code of the detection result to the operation system 63 through the first signal detection board 61. If the temperature of the transmitter head is abnormal, step S34 is executed to close the shutter, and the display unit 415 and the sound alarm 416 are controlled to indicate the detection result. S37 converts the detection result into a corresponding communication code, and transmits the communication code of the detection result to the operation system 63 through the first signal detection board 61. Among them, closing the shutter can directly generate a fault signal and send it to the shutter driving board 13 so that the shutter driving board 13 closes the shutter, or the detection result can be sent to the operation system 63, and the operation system 63 controls the shutter to close.

[0078] refer to Figure 7 and Figure 8 The functional board B in the receiving head 3 includes a high-voltage bias board 21, a preamplifier board 23, a voltage-frequency control board 24, and a second temperature detection board 25. The high-voltage bias board 21 converts the supply voltage into a rated driving voltage, and uses the driving voltage to power each device in the high-voltage bias board. The high-voltage bias board 21 also generates a bias high-voltage signal according to the driving voltage, and transmits the bias high-voltage signal to the ionization chamber 22 in the receiving head 3, so that the ionization chamber 22 receives the X-rays emitted by the transmitting head 2 and generates ions, thereby outputting a weak current to the outside; the preamplifier board 23 receives the weak current and amplifies and converts it into a thickness detection signal, and the voltage-frequency control board 24 transmits a pulse signal to the preamplifier board 23 to control the detection frequency of the preamplifier board 23. The second temperature detection board 25 is connected to a third temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of the receiving head 3 and a fourth temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of the ionization chamber 22, and obtains the detection temperature signals output by the third temperature sensor and the fourth temperature sensor for temperature protection.

[0079] The second temperature detection board 25 also has a power module, which converts the external power supply into a power supply and supplies power to the high-voltage bias board 21 , the preamplifier board 23 , and the voltage-frequency control board 24 .

[0080] refer to Figure 8 The high voltage bias board 21 has a self-test unit 321, a display unit 421 and a sound alarm 422. The electrical detection signal of the high voltage bias board 21 includes a driving voltage and a bias high voltage signal. The high voltage bias board 21 has a power supply circuit, which converts the input voltage into a rated standard voltage as a driving voltage to drive its own related chips to work. Fig.12 , the working process of the self-test unit 321 is as follows: S41 energizes the high-voltage bias plate 21, S42 detects whether the driving voltage is normal, if not S44 stops outputting the bias high-voltage signal to protect the ionization chamber, determines whether the high-voltage bias plate 21 is faulty, controls the display unit 421 and the sound alarm 422 to indicate the detection result, and S46 transmits the code of the detection result to the operation system 63; if the driving voltage is normal, S43 determines whether the output bias high-voltage signal is normal, if not S44 stops outputting the bias high-voltage signal to protect the ionization chamber, determines whether the high-voltage bias plate 21 is faulty, controls the display unit 421 and the sound alarm 422 to indicate the detection result, and transmits the detection result code to the operation system 63. The code of the result is transmitted to the operation system 63; if the bias high voltage signal is normal, the high voltage bias board 21 is judged to be normal, S45 controls the display unit 421 and the sound alarm 422 to indicate the detection result, S46 converts the detection result into a corresponding communication code, and transmits the communication code of the detection result to the operation system 63 through the first signal detection board 61; if the bias high voltage signal is abnormal, step S44 is executed to stop outputting the bias high voltage signal to protect the ionization chamber, and the high voltage bias board 21 is judged to be faulty, and the display unit 421 and the sound alarm 422 are controlled to indicate the detection result, and S46 transmits the code of the detection result to the operation system 63. In this embodiment, the electrical detection signal of the high voltage bias board 21 is a drive signal (calibration signal) and an output signal (bias high voltage signal). The bias high voltage signal of this embodiment is a -500V power supply signal.

[0081] refer to Figure 8 The voltage frequency control board 24 has a self-test unit 323, a display unit 425 and a sound alarm 256. The electrical detection signal of the voltage frequency control board 24 includes a pulse signal and a clock signal of the chip therein. Fig.13The working process of the self-check unit 323 is as follows: S51 powers on the voltage and frequency control board 24, S52 detects whether the clock signals of each channel therein are normal, if not, S54 turns off the X-ray component, determines that the voltage and frequency control board 24 is faulty, controls the display unit 425 and the sound alarm 256 to indicate the detection result, and S56 transmits the code of the detection result to the operation and operating system 63; if the clock signal is normal, S53 determines whether the output pulse signal is normal, if not, S54 turns off the X-ray component, determines that the voltage and frequency control board 24 is faulty, controls the display unit 425 and the sound alarm 256 to indicate the detection result, and S56 transmits the code of the detection result to the operation and operating system 63; if the pulse signal is normal, S55 determines that the voltage and frequency control board 24 is normal, controls the display unit 425 and the sound alarm 256 to indicate the detection result, and S56 converts the detection result into a corresponding communication code, and transmits the communication code of the detection result to the operation and operating system 63 through the second signal detection board 62. In this embodiment, the electrical detection signal of the voltage frequency control board 24 is a calibration signal (clock signal) and an output signal (pulse signal). The pulse signal is used to control the detection frequency of the preamplifier board 23.

[0082] refer to Figure 8 The preamplifier board 23 has a self-test unit 322, a display unit 423 and a sound alarm 424. The electrical detection signal of the preamplifier board 23 includes a standard voltage generated by a power supply and a gain multiple outputted by taking the standard voltage as input. Fig.14 The working process of the self-test unit 322 is as follows: S61 powers on the preamplifier board 23, S62 detects whether the standard voltage is normal, if not S64 determines that the preamplifier board 23 is faulty, controls the display unit 423 and the sound alarm 424 to indicate the detection result, S66 converts the detection result into a corresponding communication code, and transmits the communication code of the detection result to the operation system 63; if the standard voltage is normal, S63 determines whether the gain multiple (currently output thickness detection signal) output according to the standard voltage is normal, if so, S65 determines that the preamplifier board 23 is normal, controls the display unit 423 and the sound alarm 424 to indicate the detection result, S66 converts the detection result into a corresponding communication code, and transmits the communication code of the detection result to the operation system 63, if the gain multiple is abnormal, S64 determines that the preamplifier board 23 is faulty, controls the display unit 423 and the sound alarm 424 to indicate the detection result, S66 converts the detection result into a corresponding communication code, and transmits the communication code of the detection result to the operation system 63. The electrical detection signal of the preamplifier board 23 is a calibration signal (standard voltage) and an output signal (gain multiple).

[0083] refer to Figure 8The second temperature detection board 25 has a self-test unit 324, a display unit 427 and a sound alarm 428. The electrical detection signal of the second temperature detection board 25 includes a standard temperature value obtained by inputting a preset resistance value as a calibration temperature signal into the temperature detection circuit in the second temperature detection board 25 and a detection temperature value obtained by inputting the detection temperature signal input by the third temperature sensor into the temperature detection circuit in the second temperature detection board 25. Among them, a preset resistor with a fixed and known resistance is added to the second temperature detection board 25. The preset resistance of the preset resistor corresponds to the resistance of the thermistor at normal temperature. During self-test, the two ends of the preset resistor are connected to the input end of the temperature detection circuit, and the temperature detection circuit outputs a standard temperature value according to the preset resistance. The electrical detection signal of the second temperature detection board 25 is an output signal, which is a calibration output signal (standard temperature value) and a detection output signal (detection temperature value). Reference Fig.15 The working process of the self-test unit 324 is as follows: S71 powers on the second temperature detection board 25, S72 outputs the preset resistance value as input to the temperature detection circuit to obtain the standard temperature value, S73 determines whether the standard temperature value is normal, if not S74 determines that the current second temperature detection board 15 is faulty, controls the display unit 427 and the sound alarm 428 to indicate the fault, controls the high-voltage bias board 21 to stop outputting the bias high-voltage signal, S77 converts the detection result into a corresponding communication code, and transmits the communication code of the detection result to the operation system 63; if the calibration temperature signal is normal, S75 detects the receiving head temperature (the first The detection temperature value obtained by converting the detection temperature signal input by the three temperature sensors) is normal. If so, S76 determines that the second temperature detection board 25 is normal, controls the display unit 427 and the sound alarm 428 to indicate the detection result, and S77 converts the detection result into a corresponding communication code, and transmits the communication code of the detection result to the operation system 63; if the temperature of the receiving head is abnormal, S74 controls the high-voltage bias board 21 to stop outputting the biased high-voltage signal (the second temperature detection board 25 can directly control the high-voltage bias board 21 to stop output, or send the detection result to the operation system 63, and the operation system 63 controls the high-voltage bias board 21 to stop output), controls the display unit 427 and the sound alarm 428 to indicate the detection result, and S77 converts the detection result into a corresponding communication code, and transmits the communication code of the detection result to the operation system 63.

[0084] The X-ray thickness gauge also includes a shutter interlocking module 70, which obtains the filament detection current and determines whether the filament detection current is normal. If the filament detection current is normal, it detects whether the shutter of the X-ray component 12 is open. If the filament detection current is abnormal, it closes the shutter of the X-ray component 12, determines that the current X-ray thickness gauge is abnormal, and displays the detection result on the display interface 64; if the shutter of the X-ray component 12 is open, it determines that the X-ray thickness gauge is abnormal and displays the detection result on the display interface 64; if the shutter of the X-ray component 12 is closed, it determines that the X-ray thickness gauge is normal and displays the judgment result on the display interface 64. The shutter interlocking module 70 is used to link the transmitter head 2 and the receiver head 3 to ensure that the X-ray of the receiver head 3 is turned off when the transmitter head 2 fails. Among them, the filament current board also transmits the filament detection current detected by the self-test to the shutter interlocking module 70 through the first signal detection board 61, and the shutter driving board 13 also transmits the feedback signal representing the current state of the shutter obtained from the shutter to the shutter interlocking module 70 through the first signal detection board. The shutter interlocking module 70 detects the state of the filament detection current in real time.

[0085] Specifically, the shutter and the switch controlling the shutter are powered by an input power supply. The X-ray thickness gauge is also provided with a backup power supply for the input power supply. The shutter interlocking module 70 detects whether the input power supply is normal before determining whether the filament detection current is normal. If so, the backup power supply is started and the shutter is closed. If so, the backup power supply is continued to be determined whether the filament detection current is normal to prevent the shutter from being unable to close due to an unexpected power supply failure of the shutter assembly.

[0086] The shutter interlocking module 70 is located on a shutter interlocking board, which also has an indication unit, which can indicate the current state of the X-ray thickness gauge by sound and light, and a red light and a buzzer sound when a fault occurs. The shutter interlocking module 70 also transmits the detection result to the operation system 63 through the first signal detection board 61.

[0087] The above disclosure is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, which certainly cannot be used to limit the scope of rights of the present invention. Therefore, equivalent changes made according to the scope of the patent application of the present invention are still within the scope covered by the present invention.

Claims

1. A rapidly repairable X-ray thickness gauge, comprising a transmitter head for outputting X-rays, a receiving head for receiving X-rays and ionizing them to generate thickness detection signals, a plurality of functional modules installed in the transmitter head, and a plurality of functional modules installed in the receiving head, characterized in that: The transmitting head and / or the receiving head comprises a box body, a cover body, a board detection module and an indication module, the cover body covers or exposes an opening of the box body, a plurality of the functional modules are respectively installed on a plurality of the functional boards, and the functional boards are detachably installed in the box body and can be taken out from the opening; The function board detection module detects whether the function of each function board is normal, and controls the indication module to indicate the detection result of each function board.

2. The self-checking radiographic thickness gauge according to claim 1, characterized in that: The function board detection module and the indication module corresponding to the function module of the transmitting head are installed in the box body of the transmitting head; the function board detection module and the indication module corresponding to the function module of the receiving head are installed in the box body of the receiving head.

3. The self-checking radiographic thickness gauge according to claim 2, characterized in that: The function board detection module includes a self-checking unit installed on each function board. Each self-checking unit detects whether the function of the function board is normal, so as to control the indication module to indicate the detection result of the function board.

4. The self-checking radiographic thickness gauge according to claim 2, characterized in that: The indication module comprises a display unit and / or a sound alarm installed on each of the function boards. Each of the display units displays the detection result of the function board where it is located, and each of the sound alarm sounds an alarm when the function board where it is located fails.

5. The self-checking radiographic thickness gauge according to claim 4, characterized in that: The display unit is an indicator light, a liquid crystal screen or a digital display screen, and the sound alarm is a buzzer or a loudspeaker.

6. The self-checking radiographic thickness gauge according to claim 1, characterized in that: The function board detection module starts to detect whether the function board is normal when powered on and / or at a preset period and / or according to an external control command.

7. The self-checking radiographic thickness gauge according to claim 1, characterized in that: The function board detection module determines whether the function of the function board is normal by determining whether the electrical detection signal of each function board is normal. The electrical detection signal is a calibration signal and / or output signal and / or input signal for determining the hardware operation in the function board.

8. The self-checking radiographic thickness gauge according to claim 7, characterized in that: The functional board in the transmitter head includes at least two combinations of a shutter drive board, a filament current board and a first temperature detection board. The shutter drive board outputs a shutter drive signal to the X-ray component in the transmitter head to control the shutter switch of the X-ray component. The X-ray component of the transmitter head receives a high-voltage power supply and emits X-rays. The filament current board provides a filament heating voltage to the filament of the X-ray component to heat the filament, and detects the current on the filament in the X-ray component to obtain a filament detection current. The first temperature detection board is connected to a first temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of the transmitter head and a second temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of the chamber where the X-ray component is located, and obtains the detection temperature signals output by the first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor for temperature protection; The functional board in the receiving head includes at least two combinations of a high-voltage bias board, a preamplifier board, a voltage frequency control board and a second temperature detection board. The high-voltage bias board converts the supply voltage into a rated driving voltage, and generates a bias high-voltage signal according to the driving voltage, and transmits the bias high-voltage signal to the ionization chamber in the receiving head, so that the ionization chamber receives the X-rays emitted by the transmitting head and generates ions, thereby outputting a weak current to the outside; the preamplifier board receives the weak current and amplifies and converts it into a thickness detection signal, the voltage frequency control board transmits a pulse signal to the preamplifier board to control the detection frequency of the preamplifier board, and the second temperature detection board is connected to a third temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of the receiving head and a fourth temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of the ionization chamber, and obtains the detection temperature signals output by the third temperature sensor and the fourth temperature sensor for temperature protection; The function board detection module determines whether the function of each function board is normal by determining whether the electrical detection signal of each function board meets a preset range; The electrical detection signal of the filament current board includes the filament detection current and the filament heating voltage of the filament current board, the electrical detection signal of the shutter drive board includes the shutter drive signal and the clock signal of the chip therein, and the electrical detection signal of the first temperature detection board includes the calibrated temperature value obtained by the temperature detection circuit in the first temperature detection board according to a preset resistance value and the detection temperature value obtained by the temperature detection circuit in the first temperature detection board according to the detection temperature signal output by the first temperature sensor; The electrical detection signal of the high-voltage bias board includes a driving voltage and a bias high-voltage signal, the electrical detection signal of the voltage-frequency control board includes a pulse signal and a clock signal of the chip therein, the electrical detection signal of the preamplifier board includes a standard voltage generated according to a power supply and a gain multiple outputted by taking the standard voltage as input, and the electrical detection signal of the second temperature detection board includes a calibrated temperature value obtained by a temperature detection circuit in the second temperature detection board according to a preset resistance value and a detected temperature value obtained by a temperature detection circuit in the second temperature detection board according to a detected temperature signal outputted by a third temperature sensor.

9. The radiographic thickness gauge according to claim 8, characterized in that: It also includes a shutter interlocking module, which obtains the filament detection current and determines whether the filament detection current is normal. If the filament detection current is normal, it detects whether the shutter of the X-ray component is open. If the shutter of the X-ray component is open, it determines that the X-ray thickness gauge is abnormal and displays the determination result on the display interface. If the shutter of the X-ray component is closed, it determines that the X-ray thickness gauge is normal and displays the determination result on the display interface. If the filament detection current is abnormal, the shutter of the X-ray component is closed, and it is determined that the current X-ray thickness gauge is abnormal and displays the determination result on the display interface.

10. The radiographic thickness gauge according to claim 9, characterized in that: The shutter and the switch controlling the shutter are powered by an input power supply. The X-ray thickness gauge is also provided with a backup power supply for the input power supply. The shutter interlocking module also detects whether the input power supply of the shutter is normal before determining whether the filament detection current is normal. If the input power supply is abnormal, the backup power supply is started and the shutter is closed. If the input power supply is normal, the module continues to determine whether the filament detection current is normal.

11. The radiographic thickness gauge according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a signal detection module and an operation system. The signal detection module is connected to the function board detection module in communication and obtains the detection result of the function board detection module. The operation system determines whether the X-ray thickness gauge is abnormal based on the detection result. If not, it continues to work. If yes, it closes the shutter of the X-ray component in the transmitter head. The operation system also displays the detection result of each function board and the judgment result of whether the X-ray thickness gauge is abnormal on a display interface.

12. The radiographic thickness gauge according to claim 11, characterized in that: The control end of the shutter is provided with a shutter switch and an emergency switch connected in parallel. When the X-ray thickness gauge is abnormal, the shutter drive board, the shutter interlocking module or the operation and operating system controls the shutter switch to operate to close the shutter of the X-ray component. When the shutter switch fails to close, the operation and operating system controls the emergency switch to operate to force the shutter to close.

13. The radiographic thickness gauge according to claim 1, characterized in that: The box body and the cover body are connected to each other through a pull-out structure. Based on the pull-out structure, the cover body can be pulled away from or close to the box body to open or close the opening of the box body; or, The box body is mounted on the support arm, and the box body and the support arm are rotationally connected via a rotating structure. Based on the rotating structure, the box body can rotate in a vertical plane so that the cover body faces different directions, and the cover body is snap-connected to the box body.

14. The radiographic thickness gauge according to claim 1, characterized in that: A spare functional board is installed in the box body.

15. A sheet rolling machine, characterized in that: It comprises a radiographic thickness gauge, wherein the radiographic thickness gauge is the radiographic thickness gauge as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 14.

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