Laminated hybrid reinforced aluminum-based composite material as well as preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of aluminum-based composite materials, and relates to a laminated hybrid reinforced aluminum-based composite material and a preparation method and application thereof.The preparation method comprises the steps that a punched SiCp / Al aluminum-based composite material plate and carbon fiber cloth form a laminated body, a SiCp-Cf / Al hybrid reinforced aluminum-based composite material compact is prepared through a cold pressing technology, and the laminated body is subjected to heat treatment; the SiCp-Cf / Al hybrid reinforced aluminum-based composite material is prepared by adopting a hot isostatic pressing process, compared with hot pressing sintering which can only pressurize in a one-way axial direction, hot isostatic pressing can extrude a blank in all directions at high temperature and high pressure, so that carbon fibers break through an aluminum oxide layer on the surface of the SiCp / Al composite material, the wettability of the carbon fibers and the SiCp / Al aluminum-based composite material is improved, and the strength of the composite material is improved. And meanwhile, the hole defect of the material is eliminated, the reaction between the aluminum matrix and the carbon fibers can be reduced due to the low hot isostatic pressing temperature, and therefore the brittle phase Al4C3 generated through the reaction is avoided. The requirements of the track shoe on the aspects of light weight, high rigidity, high toughness and wear resistance of materials can be effectively met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of aluminum-based composite materials, specifically to a laminated hybrid reinforced aluminum-based composite material and a preparation method and application thereof, and more specifically to a low-density, high-wear-resistant, high-rigidity, high-toughness laminated hybrid reinforced aluminum-based composite material and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Track plates are key bearing components of special vehicles such as excavators, tanks and bulldozers. Traditional track plates are mostly made of high manganese steel. For example, the Chinese patent application with publication number CN108907090A discloses a casting process for high manganese steel track plates, which uses high manganese steel to prepare high manganese steel cast track plates through sand casting. However, with the demand for lightweight equipment, the demand for special vehicles to replace steel with aluminum is becoming increasingly urgent, so track plates made of high manganese steel can no longer meet the demand for lightweight modern track plates. For example, the Chinese patent application with publication number CN105398502A discloses a composite structure track plate and a forming method thereof, which uses an inlay casting method to prepare an aluminum-steel bimetallic composite material track plate. Although the bimetal is used to reduce weight, the aluminum-steel bimetal is a heterogeneous metal interface, and the aluminum-steel bimetallic interface is prone to form an aluminum-iron brittle phase, so the interface phase is relatively fragile. The special vehicles used for the track plates usually face a complex application environment, which easily leads to failure of the aluminum-steel bimetallic interface. A Chinese patent application with publication number CN101880789A discloses a semi-solid forming method and a forming mold for a special vehicle aluminum-based composite track plate. The semi-solid forming method is used to prepare a silicon carbide particle reinforced aluminum-based composite track plate. Although the aluminum-based composite material can significantly reduce the density of the track plate, since SiC particles are hard ceramic particles with poor toughness, such brittle materials are prone to cracking under severe wear conditions, thereby reducing the wear resistance of the material. Silicon carbide particles are prone to fall off from the matrix alloy during the wear process, and the fallen SiC particles will continue to rub against the track plate, increasing damage to the components. Summary of the invention

[0003] In order to solve the problems existing in the prior art, the main purpose of the present invention is to provide a laminated hybrid reinforced aluminum-based composite material and a preparation method and application thereof.

[0004] To solve the above technical problems, according to one aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: A method for preparing a laminated hybrid reinforced aluminum-based composite material comprises the following steps: S1, cut the carbon fiber cloth into the corresponding shape of the target product for use, and put the SiC p / Al composite plate is cut into the same shape as carbon fiber; S2. Cut SiCp / Al composite material plate is punched; S3, place the cut carbon fiber cloth on the graphite paper, and place the punched SiC p / Al composite material plate is placed on the carbon fiber cloth, and then on the SiC p Place carbon fiber cloth on the / Al composite material plate and repeat this operation to obtain carbon fiber cloth-SiC p / Al composite material sheets alternating laminated bodies; S4, placing the laminate into a mold for shaping, and then performing a cold pressing process to obtain a pressed green body; S5. Perform hot isostatic pressing on the pressed blank to obtain an aluminum-based composite material.

[0005] As a preferred embodiment of the method for preparing a laminated hybrid reinforced aluminum-based composite material described in the present invention, wherein: in the step S1, the carbon fiber is one of T300, T400, T700, T800, T1000, M30, M40, M55 and M60.

[0006] As a preferred embodiment of the method for preparing a laminated hybrid reinforced aluminum-based composite material according to the present invention, wherein: in step S1, SiC p The thickness of the Al / Al composite material plate is 0.5~2.0mm.

[0007] As a preferred embodiment of the method for preparing a laminated hybrid reinforced aluminum-based composite material according to the present invention, wherein: in step S1, SiC p SiC / Al composites p / 2A50 aluminum alloy composite material, the content of silicon carbide particles is 5~20vol%, and the particle size of the silicon carbide particles is 3~50μm.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment of the method for preparing a laminated hybrid reinforced aluminum-based composite material according to the present invention, wherein: in step S2, SiC p A hole with a diameter of 1~4mm is punched every 2~10mm on the / Al composite material plate.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment of the method for preparing a laminated hybrid reinforced aluminum-based composite material according to the present invention, in step S3, the number of layers of carbon fiber cloth in the laminate is 5 to 40.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the method for preparing a laminated hybrid reinforced aluminum-based composite material according to the present invention, in step S3, the uppermost end of the laminate is a carbon fiber cloth.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of the method for preparing a laminated hybrid reinforced aluminum-based composite material described in the present invention, wherein: in the step S4, the cold pressing strength is 300-500 MPa, and the holding time is 5-20 min.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the method for preparing a laminated hybrid reinforced aluminum-based composite material described in the present invention, wherein: in the step S5, the hot isostatic pressing temperature is 450~520°C, the hot isostatic pressing pressure is 60~150MPa, and the heat preservation and pressure holding time is 1~4h.

[0013] To solve the above technical problem, according to another aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A laminated hybrid reinforced aluminum-based composite material is prepared by the above-mentioned laminated hybrid reinforced aluminum-based composite material preparation method, wherein the density of the laminated hybrid reinforced aluminum-based composite material is ≤2.80g / cm 3 , elastic modulus ≥95GPa, friction coefficient ≤0.45, impact toughness ≥17J.

[0014] To solve the above technical problem, according to another aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides the following technical solution: An application of the above-mentioned laminated hybrid reinforced aluminum-based composite material as a track shoe.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The present invention provides a laminated hybrid reinforced aluminum-based composite material and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the punched SiC p / Al aluminum-based composite material plate and carbon fiber cloth form a laminate, and SiC is prepared by cold pressing process p -C f / Al hybrid reinforced aluminum matrix composite compacts can increase the mechanical interlocking of carbon fiber and composite materials through cold pressing process; SiC p -C f Compared with hot pressing sintering, which can only pressurize in one direction in the axial direction, hot isostatic pressing can extrude the blank in all directions under high temperature and high pressure, making carbon fiber break through SiC p / Al composite material surface aluminum oxide layer, increase carbon fiber and SiC p The wettability of the aluminum-based composite material can be improved by using the hot isostatic pressing method, and the hole defects of the material can be eliminated at the same time. Moreover, the low hot isostatic pressing temperature can reduce the reaction between the aluminum matrix and the carbon fiber, thereby avoiding the reaction to generate the brittle phase Al4C3. The present invention can effectively meet the requirements of the track plate for lightweight materials, high stiffness, high toughness and wear resistance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without paying creative work.

[0017] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the process of the preparation method of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 2 The SiC after drilling of the present invention p Schematic diagram of a laminated body obtained by placing a / Al composite plate on a carbon fiber cloth.

[0019] The realization of the purpose, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further explained in conjunction with embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The following will be described clearly and completely in conjunction with the technical solutions in the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] The present invention provides a laminated hybrid reinforced aluminum-based composite material and its preparation method and application. p / Al reinforced aluminum matrix composites, due to the advantages of carbon fiber with high stiffness, good toughness and the ability to act as a self-lubricant, form SiC p With C f The synergistic enhancement can effectively enhance the friction and wear properties and toughness of the aluminum-based composite material, thereby improving the impact resistance and bending strength of the track plate. Compared with high manganese steel, it can effectively reduce the material density while maintaining excellent friction and wear properties. Compared with aluminum-steel bimetallic composite materials, the present invention has no heterogeneous bimetallic interface and has good interface bonding, so it is not easy to fail.

[0022] According to one aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides the following technical solution: like Figure 1 As shown, a method for preparing a laminated hybrid reinforced aluminum-based composite material comprises the following steps: S1, cut the carbon fiber cloth into the corresponding shape of the target product for use, and put the SiC p / Al composite plate is cut into the same shape as carbon fiber; S2. Cut SiC p / Al composite material plate is punched; S3, place the cut carbon fiber cloth on the graphite paper, and place the punched SiC p / Al composite material plate is placed on the carbon fiber cloth, and then on the SiC p Place carbon fiber cloth on the / Al composite material plate and repeat this operation to obtain carbon fiber cloth-SiC p Alternating stacks of / Al composite sheets (e.g. Figure 2 shown); S4, the laminate is placed in a mold for shaping, and then cold pressed to obtain a pressed blank, so that the carbon fiber cloth is pressed into the SiC p / Al composite plate to form a mechanical interlocking bond in the pores; S5, hot isostatic pressing the compact to make SiC p The aluminum oxide layer on the surface of the / Al composite material is broken, which enables the carbon fiber and SiC p / Al composite materials are better combined to obtain aluminum-based composite materials.

[0023] Preferably, in step S1, the carbon fiber is one of T300, T400, T700, T800, T1000, M30, M40, M55 and M60.

[0024] Preferably, in step S1, SiC p The thickness of the Al / Al composite material plate is 0.5~2.0mm.

[0025] Preferably, in step S1, SiC p SiC / Al composites p / 2A50 aluminum alloy composite material, the content of silicon carbide particles is 5~20vol%, and the particle size of the silicon carbide particles is 3~50μm.

[0026] Preferably, in step S2, SiC p / Al composite material plate with a diameter of 1~4mm per hole every 2~10mm to facilitate the pressing of carbon fiber and SiC p / Al composite panels can form a mechanical interlocking bond.

[0027] Preferably, in step S3, the number of layers of carbon fiber cloth in the laminate is 5 to 40.

[0028] Preferably, in step S3, the uppermost end of the laminate is carbon fiber cloth.

[0029] Preferably, in step S4, the cold pressing strength is 300-500 MPa, and the holding time is 5-20 min.

[0030] Preferably, in step S5, the hot isostatic pressing temperature is 450-520° C., the hot isostatic pressing pressure is 60-150 MPa, and the heat preservation and pressure holding time is 1-4 h.

[0031] According to another aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A laminated hybrid reinforced aluminum-based composite material is prepared by the above-mentioned laminated hybrid reinforced aluminum-based composite material preparation method, wherein the density of the laminated hybrid reinforced aluminum-based composite material is ≤2.80g / cm 3 , elastic modulus ≥95GPa, friction coefficient ≤0.45, impact toughness ≥17J.

[0032] According to another aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides the following technical solution: An application of the above-mentioned laminated hybrid reinforced aluminum-based composite material as a track shoe.

[0033] The technical solution of the present invention is further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0034] Example 1 A method for preparing an aluminum-based composite material comprises the following steps: S1, cut the carbon fiber cloth into the corresponding shape of the target product for use, and put the SiC p / Al composite plate is cut into the same shape as carbon fiber; carbon fiber is T700, SiC p The thickness of the SiC / Al composite plate is 1 mm. p SiC / Al composites p / 2A50 aluminum alloy composite material, the content of silicon carbide particles is 12vol%, and the particle size of silicon carbide particles is 35μm; S2. Cut SiC p / Al composite material plate drilling; SiC p / Al composite material plate with a 2mm diameter hole every 5mm to facilitate the pressing of carbon fiber and SiC p / Al composite panels can form a mechanical interlocking bond; S3, place the cut carbon fiber cloth on the graphite paper, and place the punched SiC p / Al composite material plate is placed on the carbon fiber cloth, and then on the SiC p Place carbon fiber cloth on the / Al composite material plate and repeat this operation to obtain carbon fiber cloth-SiC p / Al composite material sheets alternately stacked; the number of layers of carbon fiber cloth in the stacked body is 20, and the top of the stacked body is the carbon fiber cloth; S4, the laminate is placed in a mold for shaping, and then cold pressed to obtain a pressed blank, so that the carbon fiber cloth is pressed into the SiC p A mechanical interlocking bond is formed in the pores of the Al / Al composite plate; the cold pressing strength is 400 MPa and the holding time is 15 min; S5, hot isostatic pressing the compact, the hot isostatic pressing temperature is 500°C, the hot isostatic pressing pressure is 120MPa, and the heat preservation and pressure holding time is 2h; p The aluminum oxide layer on the surface of the / Al composite material is broken, which enables the carbon fiber and SiC p / Al composite materials are better combined to obtain aluminum-based composite materials.

[0035] The silicon carbide particles and carbon fibers of the aluminum-based composite material prepared in this embodiment are uniformly distributed in the aluminum alloy matrix. The density of the aluminum-based composite material prepared in this embodiment is 2.75 g / cm 3 , elastic modulus is 106GPa, friction coefficient is 0.35, and impact toughness is 21J.

[0036] Example 2 A method for preparing an aluminum-based composite material comprises the following steps: S1, cut the carbon fiber cloth into the corresponding shape of the target product for use, and put the SiC p / Al composite plate is cut into the same shape as carbon fiber; carbon fiber is T800, SiC p The thickness of the SiC / Al composite plate is 0.7 mm. p SiC / Al composites p / 2A50 aluminum alloy composite material, the content of silicon carbide particles is 19vol%, and the particle size of silicon carbide particles is 8μm; S2. Cut SiC p / Al composite material plate drilling; SiC p / Al composite material plate with a diameter of 1.5mm perforated at every 3mm interval to facilitate the pressing of carbon fiber and SiC p / Al composite panels can form a mechanical interlocking bond; S3, place the cut carbon fiber cloth on the graphite paper, and place the punched SiC p / Al composite material plate is placed on the carbon fiber cloth, and then on the SiC p Place carbon fiber cloth on the / Al composite material plate and repeat this operation to obtain carbon fiber cloth-SiC p / Al composite material sheets alternately stacked; the number of layers of carbon fiber cloth in the stacked body is 30, and the top of the stacked body is the carbon fiber cloth; S4, the laminate is placed in a mold for shaping, and then cold pressed to obtain a pressed blank, so that the carbon fiber cloth is pressed into the SiC p A mechanical interlocking bond is formed in the pores of the Al / Al composite plate; the cold pressing strength is 450 MPa and the holding time is 20 min; S5, hot isostatic pressing the compact, the hot isostatic pressing temperature is 510°C, the hot isostatic pressing pressure is 140MPa, and the heat preservation and pressure holding time is 3h; so that SiC p The aluminum oxide layer on the surface of the / Al composite material is broken, which enables the carbon fiber and SiC p / Al composite materials are better combined to obtain aluminum-based composite materials.

[0037] The density of the aluminum-based composite material prepared in this example is 2.78 g / cm 3 , elastic modulus is 114GPa, friction coefficient is 0.31, and impact toughness is 25J.

[0038] Example 3 A method for preparing an aluminum-based composite material comprises the following steps: S1, cut the carbon fiber cloth into the corresponding shape of the target product for use, and put the SiC p / Al composite plate is cut into the same shape as carbon fiber; carbon fiber is T700, SiC p The thickness of the SiC / Al composite plate is 1.5 mm. p SiC / Al composites p / 2A50 aluminum alloy composite material, the content of silicon carbide particles is 7 vol%, and the particle size of silicon carbide particles is 20 μm; S2. Cut SiC p / Al composite material plate drilling; SiC p / Al composite material plate with a 2mm diameter hole every 8mm to facilitate the pressing of carbon fiber and SiC p / Al composite panels can form a mechanical interlocking bond; S3, place the cut carbon fiber cloth on the graphite paper, and place the punched SiC p / Al composite material plate is placed on the carbon fiber cloth, and then on the SiC p Place carbon fiber cloth on the / Al composite material plate and repeat this operation to obtain carbon fiber cloth-SiC p / Al composite material sheets alternately stacked; the number of layers of carbon fiber cloth in the stacked body is 15, and the top of the stacked body is the carbon fiber cloth; S4, the laminate is placed in a mold for shaping, and then cold pressed to obtain a pressed blank, so that the carbon fiber cloth is pressed into the SiC pA mechanical interlocking bond is formed in the pores of the Al / Al composite plate; the cold pressing strength is 300 MPa and the holding time is 10 min; S5, hot isostatic pressing the compact, the hot isostatic pressing temperature is 460°C, the hot isostatic pressing pressure is 80MPa, and the heat preservation and pressure holding time is 1.5h; so that SiC p The aluminum oxide layer on the surface of the / Al composite material is broken, which enables the carbon fiber and SiC p / Al composite materials are better combined to obtain aluminum-based composite materials.

[0039] The density of the aluminum-based composite material prepared in this example is 2.76 g / cm 3 , elastic modulus is 97GPa, friction coefficient is 0.41, and impact toughness is 18J.

[0040] Comparative Example 1 The difference from Embodiment 1 is that step S2 is not performed.

[0041] Comparative Example SiC p The Al composite plate is not perforated, so the carbon fiber cannot be combined with the SiC p / Al composite material plate forms an effective combination, and the density of the prepared aluminum-based composite material is 2.45g / cm 3 , elastic modulus is 26GPa, friction coefficient is 0.85, and impact toughness is 3J.

[0042] Comparative Example 2 The difference from Embodiment 1 is that step S4 is not performed.

[0043] Since this comparative example did not undergo cold pressing, the carbon fiber and SiC p The combination of the / Al composite plate was dislocated and the shape was deformed. The density of the prepared aluminum-based composite material was 2.69g / cm 3 , elastic modulus is 76GPa, friction coefficient is 0.47, and impact toughness is 12J.

[0044] Comparative Example 3 The difference from Embodiment 1 is that step S5 is not performed.

[0045] Since the hot isostatic pressing treatment was not performed in this comparative example, the carbon fiber and SiC p The bonding of the / Al composite plate is poor and there are many holes. The density of the prepared aluminum-based composite material is 2.61g / cm 3 , elastic modulus is 56GPa, friction coefficient is 0.53, and impact toughness is 9J.

[0046] It can be seen from the above embodiments and comparative examples that the present invention makes the punched SiCp / Al aluminum-based composite material plate and carbon fiber cloth form a laminate, and SiC is prepared by cold pressing process p -C f / Al hybrid reinforced aluminum matrix composite compacts can increase the mechanical interlocking of carbon fiber and composite materials through cold pressing process; SiC p -C f Compared with hot pressing sintering, which can only pressurize in one direction in the axial direction, hot isostatic pressing can extrude the blank in all directions under high temperature and high pressure, making carbon fiber break through SiC p / Al composite material surface aluminum oxide layer, increase carbon fiber and SiC p The wettability of the aluminum-based composite material can be improved by using the hot isostatic pressing method, and the hole defects of the material can be eliminated at the same time. Moreover, the low hot isostatic pressing temperature can reduce the reaction between the aluminum matrix and the carbon fiber, thereby avoiding the reaction to generate the brittle phase Al4C3. The present invention can effectively meet the requirements of the track plate for lightweight materials, high stiffness, high toughness and wear resistance.

[0047] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. All equivalent structural changes made by using the contents of the present invention specification under the inventive concept of the present invention, or directly / indirectly applied in other related technical fields are included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a laminated hybrid reinforced aluminum-based composite material, characterized in that: The steps include: S1, cut the carbon fiber cloth into the corresponding shape of the target product for use, and put the SiC p / Al composite plate is cut into the same shape as carbon fiber; S2. Cut SiC p / Al composite material plate is punched; S3, place the cut carbon fiber cloth on the graphite paper, and place the punched SiC p / Al composite material plate is placed on the carbon fiber cloth, and then on the SiC p Place carbon fiber cloth on the / Al composite material plate and repeat this operation to obtain carbon fiber cloth-SiC p / Al composite material sheets alternating laminated bodies; S4, placing the laminate into a mold for shaping, and then performing a cold pressing process to obtain a pressed green body; S5. Perform hot isostatic pressing on the pressed blank to obtain an aluminum-based composite material.

2. The method for preparing the laminated hybrid reinforced aluminum-based composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S1, the carbon fiber is one of T300, T400, T700, T800, T1000, M30, M40, M55 and M60.

3. The method for preparing the laminated hybrid reinforced aluminum-based composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, SiC p The thickness of the Al / Al composite material plate is 0.5~2.0mm.

4. The method for preparing the laminated hybrid reinforced aluminum-based composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, SiC p SiC / Al composites p / 2A50 aluminum alloy composite material, the content of silicon carbide particles is 5~20vol%, and the particle size of the silicon carbide particles is 3~50μm.

5. The method for preparing the laminated hybrid reinforced aluminum-based composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, SiC p A hole is punched every 2~10mm in the / Al composite material plate.

6. The method for preparing the laminated hybrid reinforced aluminum-based composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S3, the number of layers of the carbon fiber cloth in the laminate is 5 to 40, and the uppermost end of the laminate is the carbon fiber cloth.

7. The method for preparing the laminated hybrid reinforced aluminum-based composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, the cold pressing strength is 300-500 MPa, and the holding time is 5-20 min.

8. The method for preparing the laminated hybrid reinforced aluminum-based composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S5, the hot isostatic pressing temperature is 450-520° C., the hot isostatic pressing pressure is 60-150 MPa, and the heat preservation and pressure holding time is 1-4 hours.

9. A laminated hybrid reinforced aluminum matrix composite material, characterized in that: The laminated hybrid reinforced aluminum-based composite material is prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the density of the laminated hybrid reinforced aluminum-based composite material is ≤2.80g / cm 3 , elastic modulus ≥95GPa, friction coefficient ≤0.45, impact toughness ≥17J.

10. Use of the laminated hybrid reinforced aluminum-based composite material according to claim 9 as a track shoe.

Images