Icing protection skin structure, deicing system and deicing method

Abstract

The invention discloses an icing protection skin structure, a deicing system and a deicing method, and relates to the technical field of ice prevention and deicing, the icing protection skin structure comprises a multifunctional film, the multifunctional film comprises a bottom layer covering film, a probing and removing integrated electrode is arranged on the top surface of the bottom layer covering film, and a surface layer covering film is arranged on the top surface of the probing and removing integrated electrode; a super-hydrophobic micro-nano structure is arranged on the surface layer of the multifunctional covering film. The photoelectric detection array is arranged on the inner layer of the detection and removal integrated electrode, and the detection and removal integrated electrode and the photoelectric detection array are connected with the external system, so that during use, the photoelectric detection array detects the icing morphology and the icing type of a protection area, and the detection and removal integrated electrode senses the temperature and the icing condition of the icing protection area; according to icing detection and temperature feedback signals, electric heating anti-icing and deicing are implemented, the electric heating power is controlled to quickly recover the hydrophobicity of the micro-nano structure, and the problems that overall energy consumption is too high, overheating is serious, residual ice sensing is insufficient, and super-hydrophobic failure is frequent are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of anti-icing technology, and in particular to an icing protection skin structure, a deicing system and a deicing method. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, in order to improve the operational cost-effectiveness and safety of infrastructure such as aircraft, wind turbines, and transmission lines under icing conditions, ice detection technology and anti-icing technology have made great progress; currently, common ice detection technologies include piezoelectric resonance, ultrasonic, optical intensity modulation, pressure difference, capacitance, etc.; on the other hand, anti-icing technology has also proposed a variety of methods including electric heating, hot air, ultrasonic, electric pulse, airbag, hydrophobic structure, chemical deicing, etc.

[0003] However, the limitations of existing detectors and anti-icing devices are very obvious; on the one hand, in most cases, the thickness of ice on the surface of the structure varies greatly, and the residual ice is unevenly distributed during the de-icing process; the existing ice detection devices are basically point detection, which makes it difficult to characterize the icing conditions in key anti-icing areas, resulting in the anti-icing system being able to perform anti-icing work only based on the icing conditions in a very small number of fixed positions, which seriously restricts the work efficiency and effectiveness of the anti-icing system; on the other hand, the existing anti-icing systems are diverse in form, but have a low degree of coupling with ice detection devices, a low degree of integration, and a relatively complex system structure and installation method, which excessively increases the load and maintenance costs and raises the use threshold of the anti-icing system.

[0004] At present, researchers have made breakthroughs in the research of surface ice detection and integrated detection. The more representative ones include piezoelectric integrated detection and removal technology and impedance integrated technology. The piezoelectric integrated technology uses an ultrasonic array to inject surface acoustic waves on the surface of the structure to detect and locate surface ice, and uses isomorphic piezoelectric devices to generate shear horizontal waves (SH waves) or excite low-frequency resonance to achieve de-icing. It has good feasibility, but its ice detection signal is significantly specific for surfaces with different structures, materials and vibration environments, and the de-icing effect is also different. Therefore, the existing integrated detection and removal devices have a low degree of integration in ice detection and de-icing, and the coordination is unbalanced, resulting in excessive overall energy consumption, serious overheating, insufficient residual ice perception, and frequent super-hydrophobic failure, which makes the de-icing efficiency of the structure surface low, affecting its application range. Summary of the invention

[0005] The embodiments of the present invention provide an ice protection skin structure, a deicing system and a deicing method, which can solve the problem in the prior art that the existing integrated detection and deicing devices have low integration in ice detection and deicing, and unbalanced coordination, resulting in excessive overall energy consumption, serious overheating, insufficient residual ice perception, and frequent super-hydrophobic failure, resulting in low efficiency in deicing the surface of the structure.

[0006] An embodiment of the present invention provides an ice protection skin structure, comprising a multifunctional film, which is installed on the surface of an airfoil prone to ice formation structure;

[0007] The multifunctional film comprises: a bottom film, a detection integrated electrode is arranged on the top surface of the bottom film, a surface film is arranged on the top surface of the detection integrated electrode, and the bottom film is in contact with the surface of the wing surface easy to ice;

[0008] The inner layer of the integrated electrode is provided with electroluminescent units and photoelectric effect units arranged in an array, and the bottom coating and the surface coating sandwich the array composed of the electroluminescent units and the photoelectric effect units.

[0009] Preferably, the top surface of the surface coating is provided with a super-hydrophobic micro-nano structure to change the surface ice adhesion effect.

[0010] Preferably, the photoelectric effect unit is divided into two layers and surrounds the electroluminescent unit from different directions to form a photoelectric detection array;

[0011] The photoelectric detection array can be in the form of a straight line, a cross, a concentric circle or a square.

[0012] Preferably, the integrated electrode for detecting and removing is in a hollow shape, and the integrated electrode for detecting and removing comprises two sub-electrodes, and the two sub-electrodes comprise four ports a, b, c, and d in total;

[0013] And the two sub-electrodes are equivalent to an independent heating wire.

[0014] Preferably, when the super-hydrophobic micro-nano structure fails to be wetted, liquid water or ice will be embedded between the micro-nano structures.

[0015] An embodiment of the present invention further provides a deicing system, comprising the above-mentioned ice protection skin structure, and further comprising:

[0016] An embedded control system, including: a connecting harness and an embedded control box, which is connected to the multifunctional film through the connecting harness, and is used to control the multifunctional film to perform icing and deicing protection;

[0017] The embedded control box comprises: a multiplexer, wherein the independent ports of the multiplexer are respectively connected to the four ports a, b, c and d of the integrated electrode for heating to remove water and ice;

[0018] A complex impedance measurement circuit, connected to the multiplexer, for collecting complex impedance signals and analyzing them to obtain temperature information;

[0019] The photoelectric measurement and control circuit is connected to the photoelectric detection array composed of the electroluminescent unit and the photoelectric effect unit. The photoelectric measurement and control circuit periodically excites the electroluminescent unit, collects the electrical signal emitted by the photoelectric effect unit, and analyzes to obtain the ice thickness, ice type and ice morphology information on the film surface;

[0020] The microprocessor is connected to the multiplexer, the complex impedance measurement circuit and the photoelectric measurement and control circuit respectively, and is used to analyze the electrical signals collected by the multiplexer, the complex impedance measurement circuit and the photoelectric measurement and control circuit, and obtain the ice layer and temperature information on the surface of the film by analyzing the information, and control heating to remove ice and water according to the information;

[0021] The system power supply is respectively connected with the multiplexer, the complex impedance measurement circuit, the photoelectric measurement and control circuit and the microprocessor to provide power to the entire system.

[0022] Preferably, the integrated detection electrodes are combined into a complex impedance measurement electrode pair through a multiplexer, and the complex impedance measurement circuit measures the complex impedance spectrum in a frequency scanning manner, calculates the equivalent capacitance value and phase angle data, that is, obtains the skin icing condition information through analysis;

[0023] The integrated probe electrodes are combined into a single resistance wire through a multiplexer, and low-frequency resistance information is collected through a complex impedance measurement circuit, that is, the skin temperature information is obtained through analysis;

[0024] The integrated detection and removal electrodes are combined into a single resistance wire through a multiplexer, and by loading the system power supply, the functions of heating, removing water and ice from the skin are realized.

[0025] Preferably, when the ab port and the cd port of the integrated detection electrode are short-circuited respectively through a multiplexer and connected to a complex impedance measurement circuit, a complex impedance icing sensor is formed, and the complex impedance spectrum is measured by a frequency sweep method, and the equivalent capacitance value and phase angle data are calculated, that is, the ice and water accumulation in the entire area covered by the integrated detection electrode are sensed;

[0026] When the a and b ports of the integrated electrode are connected to the complex impedance measurement circuit through a multiplexer, a temperature sensor is formed; or when the c and d ports are connected to the complex impedance measurement circuit, a temperature sensor is also formed, that is, the temperature value is calculated and obtained by measuring the low-frequency resistance;

[0027] When the b and c ports are short-circuited through the multiplexer and the a and d ports are connected to the complex impedance circuit respectively, a temperature sensor with a large resistance value is formed, which can perform high-precision temperature measurement;

[0028] When the b and c ports are short-circuited through the multiplexer and the a and d ports are connected to the system power supply respectively, a heating resistance wire is formed.

[0029] The embodiment of the present invention also provides a deicing method, comprising the following steps:

[0030] The integrated detection and removal electrodes are combined into a complex impedance ice sensor to determine whether there is ice in the protection area; when ice is present, the photoelectric detection array formed by the electroluminescent unit and the photoelectric effect unit measures the ice layer morphology in the protection area in turn; according to the ice layer morphology information, the integrated detection and removal electrodes are combined into a heating wire form, and different average power densities are loaded on different protection areas to perform de-icing;

[0031] The integrated electrodes for deicing are combined into a complex impedance deicing sensor at regular intervals to determine whether deicing is completed.

[0032] When it is judged that de-icing has been completed, the electrodes with smaller spacing at the parts with high water droplet collection rate of the airfoil structure are measured to judge whether the super-hydrophobic micro-nano structure has failed. If the super-hydrophobic micro-nano structure has failed, the integrated electrodes are combined into a heating wire form to remove water and ice at a certain average power density.

[0033] At regular intervals, the integrated detection and removal electrodes are combined into a complex impedance ice sensor to determine whether the super-hydrophobic micro-nano structure has been restored. When it is determined that the super-hydrophobic micro-nano structure has been restored, the de-icing is completed.

[0034] The embodiments of the present invention provide an ice protection skin structure, a deicing system and a deicing method. Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects thereof are as follows:

[0035] The present invention arranges an integrated detection electrode between the bottom layer and the surface layer, and arranges a photoelectric detection array composed of an electroluminescent unit and a photoelectric effect unit in the inner layer of the integrated detection electrode, and arranges a super-hydrophobic micro-nano structure on the surface of the surface layer, and connects the integrated detection electrode and the photoelectric detection array to an external system. When in use, the photoelectric detection array detects the ice morphology and ice type of each ice protection area, and the integrated detection electrode senses the temperature and ice condition of the ice protection area, as well as the degree of wetting failure of the super-hydrophobic micro-nano structure, and then implements electric heating to prevent deicing according to the ice detection and temperature feedback signals, and controls the electric heating power to quickly restore the hydrophobicity of the micro-nano structure. On the whole, ice detection and deicing are highly integrated, and ice detection and deicing work closely together, avoiding problems such as excessive energy consumption, severe overheating, and insufficient perception of residual ice, thereby greatly improving the deicing efficiency of the surface of the structure.

[0036] In addition, the super-hydrophobic micro-nano structure on the surface coating is used to reduce the probability of adhesion of supercooled water droplets and improve the ice-repellent performance of the film. At the same time, the super-hydrophobic micro-nano structure is monitored by removing the integrated electrode, which greatly avoids frequent super-hydrophobic failure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the main structure of an ice protection skin structure, a deicing system and a deicing method provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 2 A system block diagram of an ice protection skin structure, a deicing system and a deicing method provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a type of zoned protection design for an ice protection skin structure, a deicing system and a deicing method provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a thin-film photoelectric detection array design for an ice protection skin structure, deicing system and deicing method provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a thin-film photoelectric detection array measurement of an ice protection skin structure, deicing system and deicing method provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of a type of zoned protection design for an ice protection skin structure, a deicing system and a deicing method provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the zoned protection design of a thin-film photoelectric detection array under default conditions for an ice protection skin structure, deicing system and deicing method provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0044] Among them: 1. Multifunctional film, 11. Super-hydrophobic micro-nano structure, 12. Surface coating, 131. Integrated electrode, 132. Electroluminescent unit, 133. Photoelectric effect unit, 14. Bottom coating, 2. Embedded control system, 21. Connecting harness, 22. Embedded control box, 221. Multiplexer, 222. Complex impedance measurement circuit, 223. Photoelectric measurement and control circuit, 224. Microprocessor, 225. System power supply. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar improvements without violating the connotation of the present invention, so the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0046] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0047] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0048] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise clearly defined. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0049] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, a first feature being "above" or "below" a second feature may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Moreover, a first feature being "above", "above" or "above" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. A first feature being "below", "below" or "below" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

[0050] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "fixed to" or "disposed on" another element, it may be directly on the other element or there may be a central element. When an element is considered to be "connected to" another element, it may be directly connected to the other element or there may be a central element at the same time. The terms "vertical", "horizontal", "upper", "lower", "left", "right" and similar expressions used herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to be the only implementation method.

[0051] See also Figures 1 to 7 The embodiment of the present invention provides an ice protection skin structure, a deicing system and a deicing method, including:

[0052] The multifunctional film 1 is installed on the surface of an ice-prone structure such as a wing surface, and includes a super-hydrophobic micro-nano structure 11, a surface coating 12, an integrated detection electrode 131, a thin-film photoelectric detection array including an electroluminescent unit 132 and a photoelectric effect unit 133, and an underlying coating 14; the multifunctional film is used to reduce the surface ice adhesion effect, sense the surface temperature, ice condition, ice thickness, ice type, ice morphology, super-hydrophobic failure, and perform heating to remove water and ice.

[0053] The embedded control system 2 is connected to the multifunctional film 1, and includes a connecting harness 21 and an embedded control box 22; the microprocessor 224 in the embedded control system 2 periodically excites the electroluminescent unit 132 through the photoelectric measurement and control circuit 223, collects the electrical signal emitted by the photoelectric effect unit 133, and analyzes to obtain the ice thickness, ice type, and ice morphology information of the film; the integrated detection electrodes 131 are combined into a complex impedance measurement electrode pair through the multiplexer 221, and the complex impedance measurement circuit 222 collects the complex impedance signal, and analyzes to obtain the ice condition information; the integrated detection electrodes 131 are combined into a single resistance wire through the multiplexer 221, and the resistance data is collected through the complex impedance measurement circuit 222, and the temperature information is analyzed; the integrated detection electrodes 131 are combined into a single resistance wire through the multiplexer 221, and the system power supply 225 is loaded to realize the heating and dehydration and deicing functions.

[0054] Among them, the integrated electrode 131 for detection and elimination adopts a hollow form, and each typical electrode group includes two electrodes, with a total of four ports a, b, c, and d, which are respectively connected to independent ports of the multiplexer 221; the integrated electrode 131 for detection and elimination is made of alloy, and each group of electrodes therein is equivalent to an independent heating wire, which is used to remove water and ice from the surface film. Its resistivity has a large temperature coefficient, so it can be used as a resistive temperature sensor; the integrated electrode 131 for detection and elimination adopts a hollow interdigitated electrode form with a copper coating rate of 50%, and the interdigital spacing of the interdigitated electrodes is less than 3mm.

[0055] When the ab port and the cd port are short-circuited respectively through the multiplexer 221 and connected to the complex impedance measurement circuit 222, a complex impedance icing sensor is formed. The complex impedance spectrum is measured by a frequency sweep method, and the equivalent capacitance value is calculated to realize the perception of ice and water accumulation in the entire area covered by the integrated detection electrode 131; specifically, the icing condition is judged by the clustering characteristics of the equivalent capacitance value vector space, and the specific classifications include dry, wet, ice and water mixture, and ice; it uses the equivalent capacitance values ​​at 0.1kHz, 1kHz, 10kHz, and 100kHz as feature vectors, and uses a support vector machine to judge the icing condition in a four-dimensional data space.

[0056] When the a and b ports are connected to the complex impedance measurement circuit 222 through the multiplexer 221, a temperature sensor is formed, and the temperature value is calculated by measuring the low-frequency resistance; similarly, the c and d ports are connected to the complex impedance measurement circuit 222, which also form a temperature sensor; the b and c ports are short-circuited through the multiplexer 221, and the a and d ports are connected to the complex impedance measurement circuit 222, respectively, to form a temperature sensor with a larger resistance value, which is conducive to the accurate measurement of temperature; the equivalent resistance value at 0.1kHz is measured to avoid introducing interference, and the specific measured temperature value T is calculated by the following formula:

[0057]

[0058] Where: R(T) is the equivalent resistance value; H is the height of the alloy foil layer; W is the width of the alloy foil layer; ρ0 is the resistivity of the alloy foil layer at 0°C; L is the creeping length of the alloy foil layer; α is the resistivity temperature coefficient of the alloy foil layer.

[0059] When the b and c ports are short-circuited through the multiplexer 221 and the a and d ports are connected to the system power supply 225, a heating resistor is formed, and its power P (T) is calculated by the following formula:

[0060]

[0061] Wherein: U is the effective value of the heating voltage; the temperature T can be measured by removing the integrated electrode 131, or by a typical temperature sensor such as Pt1000. The microprocessor 224 calculates the instantaneous power and controls the heating time duty cycle in PWM mode to achieve rapid adjustment of the average heating power.

[0062] Among them, the super-hydrophobic micro-nano structure 11 is established on the surface coating 12, and the surface coating 12 is made of insulating materials, usually engineering materials such as polytetrafluoroethylene and polyimide; the super-hydrophobic micro-nano structure 11 is made of laser processing, chemical modification and other processes, and a small amount of liquid water or ice will be embedded between the micro-nano structures when the infiltration fails; the low-frequency capacitance value is monitored by exploring the complex impedance icing sensor form of the integrated electrode 131, and when the value increases abnormally and exceeds the preset threshold, it is considered that the micro-nano structure has failed in infiltration; further, electrodes with smaller spacing are arranged at the parts of the wing-shaped structure with higher water droplet collection rate, so as to more sensitively and reliably sense the infiltration failure of the micro-nano structure; interdigitated electrodes with an interdigitated spacing of 1 mm are arranged, and after determining that the micro-nano structure has failed in infiltration, the water and ice on the surface of the micro-nano structure are removed by exploring the heating wire form of the integrated electrode 131 to quickly restore its hydrophobic properties, which uses a heating wire form higher than 3W / cm 2 The power density is used for heating.

[0063] Among them, the thin film photoelectric detection array is composed of electroluminescent units 132 and photoelectric effect units 133 in the form of thin films, and the combination has various forms; for a single thin film photoelectric detection array, the center position is the electroluminescent unit 132, and multiple photoelectric effect units 133 are arranged around it in two layers from multiple directions, and the array form can be straight, cross, concentric circles, square, etc.

[0064] The photoelectric measurement and control circuit 223 excites the electroluminescent unit 132 to emit light at a certain frequency, and the photoelectric signals of the photoelectric effect units 133 around it are collected to the microprocessor 224 respectively; the two photoelectric effect units 133 in the same direction each calculate an ice type information and an ice thickness information, and the ice thickness information in each direction is combined to obtain the surface ice layer morphology information; specifically, based on the difference in light reflection efficiency of different ice types, the photoelectric signals V1 and V2 of the two photoelectric effect units 133 in the same direction are combined and analyzed, and the ice types are distinguished and identified by the support vector machine, which are divided into clear ice, mixed ice and frost ice, and then the ice thickness regression calculation is performed based on the identified ice type; the frequency of the electroluminescent unit is 2kHz, and the photoelectric signals V1 and V2 are the result of subtracting the response value when not emitting light from the response value when emitting light; for the straight, cross, concentric circle, and square arrays, 2, 4, 8, and 8 ice thickness values ​​are calculated respectively, thereby realizing the description of the surface morphology of the ice layer.

[0065] In particular, for in-line and cross-shaped arrays, the photoelectric effect units 133 of adjacent arrays can be shared to achieve a higher device utilization rate.

[0066] The embedded control system 2 controls the multifunctional film 1 to perform ice protection and deicing according to a certain process, and the deicing method includes the following steps:

[0067] S1: Combine the integrated detection and removal electrode 131 into a complex impedance ice sensor to determine whether there is ice in the protection area; if there is no ice, enter the next measurement cycle.

[0068] S2: If ice is formed, the morphology of the ice layer in the protection area is measured in sequence through a thin-film photoelectric detection array, that is, an array composed of electroluminescent units 132 and photoelectric effect units 133.

[0069] S3: Based on the ice layer morphology information, the integrated detection and removal electrode 131 is combined into a heating wire form, and different average power densities are loaded on different protection areas for deicing.

[0070] S4: At regular intervals, the integrated electrode 131 is combined into a temperature sensor to measure the surface temperature to prevent overheating.

[0071] S5: At regular intervals, the integrated deicing electrode 131 is combined into a complex impedance deicing sensor to determine whether deicing is completed. If not, the deicing cycle is continued.

[0072] S6: If de-icing is completed, further measure the electrodes with smaller spacing at the parts of the airfoil structure where the water droplet collection rate is higher to determine whether the super-hydrophobic micro-nano structure 11 has failed. If not, enter the next measurement cycle.

[0073] S7: If the super-hydrophobic micro-nano structure 11 fails, the integrated electrode 131 is combined into a heating wire form to remove water and ice at a certain average power density.

[0074] S8: combining the integrated electrode 131 into a temperature sensor at regular intervals to measure the surface temperature to prevent overheating;

[0075] S9: At regular intervals, the integrated detection electrode 131 is combined into a complex impedance ice sensor to determine whether the super-hydrophobic micro-nano structure 11 has recovered. If not, the heating cycle is continued; if recovered, the next measurement cycle is entered.

[0076] Among them, the control strategy of the embedded control system 2 is related to the complex impedance and photoelectric measurement results; usually, during the de-icing process, it is first executed with a larger power density, and when the complex impedance icing sensor detects that the ice layer begins to gradually melt into a water film, that is, when it senses the ice-water mixing state, its power density is reduced until the temperature is in the range of 1 to 5°C, waiting for the aerodynamic force, gravity, and inertia during the movement of the airfoil structure to cause the ice layer to fall off; during the de-icing process, the morphology and thickness distribution of the ice layer are judged by the photoelectric measurement results, and a higher power density is applied to the thicker ice layer area to quickly form a water film and reduce heat loss; a lower power density is applied to the thinner ice layer area to save energy consumption.

[0077] Among them, in the case where the thin-film photoelectric detection array, that is, the array composed of the electroluminescent unit 132 and the photoelectric effect unit 133 is missing, the ice protection intelligent skin can still achieve a relatively high anti-icing efficiency; specifically, the integrated detection and deicing electrode 131 will occupy a larger area proportion in the multifunctional film 1, and the system routing, structure, and manufacturing process will be simpler and more reliable; for application scenarios where ice is more uniform on the surface of the structure, the absence of the thin-film photoelectric detection array will allow the ice protection skin structure to provide a more uniform and faster deicing effect.

[0078] The above-mentioned embodiments only express several implementation methods of the present invention, and the descriptions thereof are relatively specific and detailed, but they cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the invention patent. It should be pointed out that, for ordinary technicians in this field, several variations and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the patent of the present invention shall be subject to the attached claims.

Claims

1. An ice protection skin structure, characterized in that: include: A multifunctional film (1) is installed on the surface of the wing structure that is prone to ice formation; The multifunctional film (1) comprises: a bottom film (14), the top surface of the bottom film (14) is provided with an integrated detection electrode (131), the top surface of the integrated detection electrode (131) is provided with a surface film (12), and the bottom film (14) is in contact with the surface of the wing surface easy to ice; The inner layer of the integrated electrode (131) is provided with electroluminescent units (132) and photoelectric effect units (133) arranged in an array, and the bottom coating (14) and the surface coating (12) sandwich the array composed of the electroluminescent units (132) and the photoelectric effect units (133).

2. The icing protection skin structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top surface of the surface coating (12) is provided with a super-hydrophobic micro-nano structure (11) to change the surface ice adhesion effect.

3. The icing protection skin structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The photoelectric effect unit (133) is divided into two layers and surrounds the electroluminescent unit (132) from different directions to form a photoelectric detection array; The photoelectric detection array can be in the form of a straight line, a cross, a concentric circle or a square.

4. The icing protection skin structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The integrated detection electrode (131) is in a hollowed-out form, and comprises two sub-electrodes, and the two sub-electrodes comprise four ports a, b, c, and d in total; And the two sub-electrodes are equivalent to an independent heating wire.

5. The ice protection skin structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: When the super hydrophobic micro-nano structure (11) fails to wet, liquid water or ice will be embedded between the micro-nano structures.

6. A deicing system, characterized in that: The ice protection skin structure comprises any one of claims 1 to 5, and further comprises: The embedded control system (2) comprises: a connection harness (21) and an embedded control box (22), and is connected to the multifunctional film (1) via the connection harness (21), and is used to control the multifunctional film (1) to perform icing and deicing protection; The embedded control box (22) comprises: a multiplexer (221), wherein independent ports of the multiplexer (221) are respectively connected to four ports a, b, c, and d of the integrated electrode (131) for heating to remove water and ice; A complex impedance measurement circuit (222), connected to the multiplexer (221), for collecting complex impedance signals and analyzing them to obtain temperature information; The photoelectric measurement and control circuit (223) is connected to a photoelectric detection array composed of an electroluminescent unit (132) and a photoelectric effect unit (133). The photoelectric measurement and control circuit (223) periodically excites the electroluminescent unit (132), collects the electrical signal emitted by the photoelectric effect unit (133), and analyzes and obtains information on ice thickness, ice type and ice morphology on the film surface; The microprocessor (224) is respectively connected to the multiplexer (221), the complex impedance measurement circuit (222) and the photoelectric measurement and control circuit (223), and is used to analyze the electrical signals collected by the multiplexer (221), the complex impedance measurement circuit (222) and the photoelectric measurement and control circuit (223), and to obtain the ice layer and temperature information on the surface of the film through analysis, and to control heating to remove ice and water according to the information; The system power supply (225) is respectively connected to the multiplexer (221), the complex impedance measurement circuit (222), the photoelectric measurement and control circuit (223) and the microprocessor (224) to provide power to the entire system.

7. A deicing system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The integrated detection electrodes (131) are combined into a complex impedance measurement electrode pair through a multiplexer (221), and the complex impedance measurement circuit (222) measures the complex impedance spectrum in a frequency scanning manner, calculates the equivalent capacitance value and phase angle data, and obtains skin icing condition information through analysis; The integrated probe electrode (131) is combined into a single resistance wire through a multiplexer (221), and low-frequency resistance information is collected through a complex impedance measurement circuit (222), that is, skin temperature information is obtained through analysis; The integrated detection electrode (131) is combined into a single resistance wire through a multiplexer (221), and the system power supply (225) is loaded to realize the heating, dehydration and deicing functions of the skin.

8. A deicing system according to claim 6, characterized in that: When the ab port and the cd port of the integrated detection electrode (131) are respectively short-circuited through the multiplexer (221) and connected to the complex impedance measurement circuit (222), a complex impedance icing sensor is formed, and the complex impedance spectrum is measured by a frequency sweep method, and the equivalent capacitance value and phase angle data are calculated, so that the ice and water accumulation in the entire area covered by the integrated detection electrode (131) can be sensed; When the a and b ports of the integrated probe electrode (131) are connected to the complex impedance measurement circuit (222) through the multiplexer (221), a temperature sensor is formed; or when the c and d ports are connected to the complex impedance measurement circuit (222), a temperature sensor is also formed, that is, the temperature value is calculated and obtained by measuring the low-frequency resistance; When the b and c ports are short-circuited through the multiplexer (221), and the a and d ports are respectively connected to the complex impedance circuit (222), a temperature sensor with a large resistance value is formed, which can perform high-precision temperature measurement; When the b and c ports are short-circuited through the multiplexer (221), and the a and d ports are respectively connected to the system power supply (225), a heating resistance wire is formed.

9. A deicing method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: The integrated detection and removal electrodes (131) are combined into a complex impedance ice sensor form to determine whether ice is formed in the protection area; when ice is formed, the photoelectric detection array formed by the electroluminescent unit (132) and the photoelectric effect unit (133) sequentially measures the morphology of the ice layer in the protection area; based on the ice layer morphology information, the integrated detection and removal electrodes (131) are combined into a heating wire form, and different average power densities are applied to different protection areas to perform deicing; The integrated deicing electrode (131) is combined into a complex impedance deicing sensor at regular intervals to determine whether deicing is completed; When it is determined that de-icing has been completed, the electrodes with smaller spacing at the parts of the airfoil structure with high water droplet collection rate are measured to determine whether the super-hydrophobic micro-nano structure (11) has failed. If the super-hydrophobic micro-nano structure (11) has failed, the integrated de-icing electrode (131) is combined into a heating wire form to remove water and ice at a certain average power density; At regular intervals, the integrated detection and removal electrodes (131) are combined into a complex impedance ice sensor form to determine whether the super-hydrophobic micro-nano structure (11) has recovered. When it is determined that the super-hydrophobic micro-nano structure (11) has recovered, de-icing is completed.

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