Pollutant exposure device suitable for aquatic organisms and large-scale simulation continuous dilution method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of biotoxicity monitoring and ecotoxicity detection, and particularly relates to a pollutant exposure device suitable for aquatic organisms and a large-scale simulation continuous dilution method. The device comprises a cylinder body with an open top end, a buffer area, a contamination area and a water outlet area are sequentially arranged in the cylinder body, the buffer area and the contamination area as well as the contamination area and the water outlet area are separated through partition plates, holes are formed in the partition plates, the buffer area, the contamination area and the water outlet area are provided with an internal circulation system, and the internal circulation system comprises a submersible pump, a circulation water pipe and an aeration assembly. According to the method, the device is used for simulating the condition that a real water body receives sewage, dispersion and dilution of pollutants are achieved through water flow and aeration, circular flowing of the pollutants and the water body is achieved through the circulating system, and the real concentration capable of being contacted by organisms is simulated through the water inlet flow of water containing the pollutants entering the device; the method has a relatively strong application prospect in the fields of nondestructive online monitoring of sewage and wastewater, toxicity simulation of pollutants entering a large-scale water body and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of biological toxicity monitoring and ecotoxicity detection, and specifically relates to a pollutant exposure device suitable for aquatic organisms and a large-scale simulated continuous dilution method. Background Art

[0002] At present, online water quality monitoring technology is widely used in water environments such as coastal waters in my country (Technical Guidelines for Operation and Maintenance of Online Water Quality Monitoring Stations in Coastal Waters DB / 4403 / T 171-2021), drinking water (Technical Specifications for Online Monitoring of Drinking Water Quality DB3204 / T1006-2019), urban water supply (Technical Specifications for Online Monitoring Systems for Urban Water Quality DB37 / T 5042-2015), urban drainage (Technical Requirements for Online Monitoring Systems for Urban Drainage Water Quality and Quantity CJ / T 252-2011) and aquaculture water bodies (Technical Requirements for Online Monitoring of Water Quality in Seawater Factory Aquaculture DB12 / T 584-2015), and relevant standards have been formed. Its monitoring objects are mainly conventional water monitoring indicators, such as turbidity, residual chlorine, conductivity, chemical oxygen demand, ammonia nitrogen, heavy metals and other indicators. This monitoring method is difficult to directly reflect the biological toxicity of water bodies, so it cannot be directly used to evaluate the hazards of pollutants in water bodies to humans and ecosystems.

[0003] Online toxicity monitoring technology is a monitoring technology based on the stress response of model organisms to abnormal water quality. It can realize water pollution warning by monitoring the changes in the behavior of model organisms. Common model organisms include luminous bacteria (CN101871927A), algae (CN111398617A), fish (CN105259325A), large Daphnia and shellfish. Among them, luminous bacteria are the most widely used and can be used to evaluate the acute toxicity of water bodies. The "Technical Requirements for Automatic Online Monitoring Instruments for Biological Toxicity Water Quality Luminous Bacteria Method DB44 / T1946-2016" stipulates the technical requirements for the use of luminous bacteria to conduct online biological toxicity monitoring of water quality in water sources such as surface water and groundwater. However, its trophic level is low, and it is difficult to directly reflect the comprehensive impact of water quality changes on the entire aquatic ecology. Other types of aquatic organisms are still needed for toxicity monitoring to supplement the data.

[0004] After being exposed to pollutants, aquatic organisms will increase their tolerance to pollutants through endocrine regulation, gene expression regulation and other means. When the concentration is higher than the threshold of the organism, it will produce significant toxic effects. Aquatic toxicity experiments include static, semi-static and flowing water toxicity experiments. Static experiments refer to biological toxicity tests using steady-state solutions; semi-static experiments refer to experimental methods in which the exposure solution is replaced at fixed intervals to maintain a stable exposure concentration; flowing water toxicity experiments refer to experimental methods in which the exposure solution is continuously discharged through a constant flow device to achieve a stable concentration of toxicants in the experimental container. However, the above experimental methods cannot simulate the gradual, cumulative, and chronic toxic effects on aquatic species caused by natural, large-scale water bodies accepting pollutants.

[0005] Simulating the impact of pollutants on aquatic organisms after entering natural water bodies can help better assess the hazards of pollutants and provide a scientific basis for regulating pollution discharge. Therefore, research in this area needs to be explored in depth and industry-recognized equipment and method specifications should be established. Summary of the invention

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a pollutant exposure device suitable for aquatic organisms, and to provide a large-scale continuous diffusion and dilution simulation method for pollutants using the device, simulating the situation of real water bodies receiving sewage and the actual concentration that organisms can be exposed to.

[0007] The technical solutions adopted are:

[0008] A pollutant exposure device suitable for aquatic organisms, comprising a cylinder with an open top, wherein three areas, a buffer area, a contaminated area and a water outlet area, are sequentially arranged inside the cylinder, wherein the buffer area and the contaminated area, and the contaminated area and the water outlet area are separated by partitions, and the partition spacing is not less than 20 cm, and holes are punched on the partitions, and an internal circulation system is arranged in the buffer area, the contaminated area and the water outlet area;

[0009] The buffer zone is provided with a sewage inlet pipe, the other end of which is connected to a sewage tank that is filtered and kept at a constant temperature by a heating rod, and the outlet zone is provided with an outlet pipe, the other end of which is connected to a wastewater collection system. The sewage inlet pipe and the outlet pipe can be made of rubber or silicone, preferably a food-grade silicone tube without bisphenol A added.

[0010] As a further preference, the internal circulation system includes a submersible pump, a circulating water pipe and an aeration assembly; the submersible pump has a flow rate of 500 to 1500 L / h, and the submersible pump is placed in the middle of the cylinder wall in the water outlet area and maintains a distance of 1 to 3 mm from the cylinder wall; the circulating water pipe can be made of rubber or silicone, preferably a food-grade silicone tube without bisphenol A added;

[0011] The circulating water pipe is connected to the outlet of the submersible pump and the other end is connected to the buffer zone. A hole is opened on the circulating water pipe 0.5 to 1 cm away from the outlet, and the aeration pipe and aeration regulating valve are inserted. The aeration regulating valve is placed in the air. The aeration pipe and the circulating water pipe are connected through a hard plastic capillary tube. The end of the capillary tube inserted into the circulating water pipe is cut obliquely to the cross section, with the short end facing the outlet of the circulating water pipe to ensure that water does not enter the aeration pipe.

[0012] As a further preference, biochemical cotton is filled between the pump body and the cylinder body of the submersible pump to absorb excrement.

[0013] As a further preference, the water outlet of the submersible pump is vertically upward, and the water inlet section faces the cylinder wall.

[0014] As a further preference, the outlet end of the circulating water pipe is vertically downward, and the outlet is located in the middle of the buffer zone; the outlet directions of the sewage inlet pipe and the circulating water pipe are kept consistent, and the outlet of the sewage inlet pipe is located 1 to 3 cm above the outlet of the circulating water pipe.

[0015] As a further preference, the partition includes an upper perforated partition, a lower perforated partition, and a fully perforated partition. The partition is made of a transparent acrylic sheet, and a manure trough with a height of 1 to 3 mm is left at the bottom.

[0016] As a further preference, the aperture of the holes on the partition is 1 to 3 mm, and the distance between the holes is set to 1 to 2 times the aperture diameter.

[0017] As a further preference, the sewage inlet pipe and outlet pipe are powered by a peristaltic pump, and the inlet and outlet water flow rates are set at 0.1 to 10 L / h.

[0018] A method for simulating the large-scale continuous diffusion and dilution of pollutants adopts the above-mentioned pollutant exposure device suitable for aquatic organisms, the direction of the sewage inlet pipe is perpendicular to the overall water flow direction in the device, the peristaltic pump flow of the sewage inlet pipe can be adjusted according to the simulation object, and the device is used to simulate the situation of a real water body accepting sewage. The dispersion of pollutants is achieved through water flow and aeration, and the circulation of pollutants and water bodies is achieved through a circulation system. The water inlet flow of water containing pollutants entering the device simulates the actual concentration that organisms can be exposed to.

[0019] As a further optimization, the pollutant inflow flow is calculated based on the submersible pump flow, the target water flow of the planned simulation and the sewage outlet flow, and the calculation method is:

[0020] Q 进水 =Q 循环 Q 排污口 / Q 水体 ;

[0021] Among them, Q 进水is the flow rate of the sewage inlet pipe of the device;

[0022] Q 循环 Circulate flow for submersible pumps;

[0023] Q 排污口 The actual outfall flow rate of the plant area;

[0024] Q 水体 is the target water flow, i.e. the pure water flow corresponding to dilution;

[0025] The above flow units are L / h or m 3 / h.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the present invention is beneficial in that:

[0027] The present invention provides a pollutant exposure device suitable for aquatic organisms. The entire device is divided into a water inlet buffer zone, a contaminated zone, and a water outlet zone using an acrylic partition, which can simultaneously meet the requirements of homogenous water inlet and reduced water flow disturbance, and can make the aquatic organism contaminated zone free of additional stimulating factors except for abnormal water quality, thereby reducing false positive phenomena caused by water flow changes and water body disturbances. At the same time, the sufficiently large breeding space divided enables the present invention to realize both single-unit experiments and group experiments.

[0028] The device of the present invention realizes the separation of the contaminated area from the water inlet and outlet areas by setting a perforated partition with a manure trough, and sets aeration, circulation, water inlet and outlet equipment in the non-contaminated area, so as to realize the homogenous stirring of sewage inlet and the basic conditions for the survival of aquatic organisms. At the same time, the present invention ensures that there is no equipment interference in the contaminated area in the longitudinal direction and at least one transverse direction. The cylinder body is set as an ultra-white cylinder, and the abnormal behavior can be monitored by coupling the aquatic biological behavior analysis system to realize the monitoring of water toxicity.

[0029] The present invention realizes online toxicity monitoring entirely through the analysis of aquatic biological behavior, without the need for biological anatomical analysis experiments, and can truly achieve long-term monitoring. Through 2D and 3D monitoring, the trajectory, swimming speed, active height, activity, avoidance and other behaviors of aquatic organisms represented by fish in contaminated areas are comprehensively monitored. Before death occurs, toxicity warning can be completed through abnormal behavior. It has strong application prospects in the fields of non-destructive online monitoring of sewage and wastewater and toxicity simulation of pollutants entering large-scale water bodies. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a pollutant exposure device suitable for aquatic organisms according to the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the water inlet and outlet baffles used in the present invention;

[0032] Figure 3The potassium permanganate concentration in each area in comparative example 1 of the present invention changes with water inlet time and the error;

[0033] Figure 4 The relative concentration of total arsenic at the sampling point in Example 3 of the present invention is measured;

[0034] Figure 5 The acetonitrile concentration in each zone in Example 5 of the present invention changes with the water inlet time and the error.

[0035] In the figure, 1-buffer;

[0036] 2-Contaminated area;

[0037] 3-Water outlet area;

[0038] 4- Aeration assembly;

[0039] 5- Aeration pipe;

[0040] 6-Aeration regulating valve;

[0041] 7- Sewage inlet pipe;

[0042] 8-first fixed suction cup;

[0043] 9-circulating water pipe;

[0044] 10-Submersible pump;

[0045] 11-water inlet baffle;

[0046] 12-water outlet baffle;

[0047] 13-water outlet pipe;

[0048] 14- Second fixed suction cup. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0049] The drawings are for illustrative purposes only; in order to better illustrate the present embodiment, some components in the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the size of the actual product.

[0050] For those skilled in the art, some well-known structures and their descriptions in the drawings may be omitted, and therefore, they should not be understood as limitations of the present invention.

[0051] In order to make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects achieved by the present invention easier to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments and drawings.

[0052] Example 1

[0053] like Figure 1As shown, a pollutant exposure device suitable for aquatic organisms includes a cylinder body with an open top, wherein a buffer zone 1, a contaminated zone 2, and a water outlet zone 3 are sequentially arranged inside the cylinder body, a water inlet partition 11 is arranged between the buffer zone 1 and the contaminated zone 2, and a water outlet is arranged between the contaminated zone 2 and the water outlet zone 3. The three zones are separated by partitions, and holes are punched on each partition to allow water and pollutants to pass through. The designed aperture is 2 mm. In order to enhance the pollutant diffusion effect, the distance between the holes is set to 1.5 times the aperture. All aquatic organisms smaller than this size can use this device for experiments. Each partition uses a fixed buckle made of acrylic sheet and a special suction cup for breeding (i.e., the first fixed suction cup 8) to fix the position of the partition. The buckle and suction cup should be placed on one side of the buffer zone 1 and the water outlet zone to prevent affecting the normal swimming and shooting of the organism.

[0054] The buffer zone 1 is provided with a sewage inlet pipe 7, the other end of which is connected to a sewage tank that is filtered and kept at a constant temperature using a heating rod, and the outlet zone 3 is provided with an outlet pipe 13, the other end of which is connected to a wastewater collection system. The sewage inlet pipe 7 and the outlet pipe 13 are both connected to a peristaltic pump to provide power.

[0055] The buffer zone 1, the contaminated zone 2 and the water outlet zone 3 are provided with an internal circulation system.

[0056] The internal circulation system includes a submersible pump 10, a circulating water pipe 9 and an aeration component 4; the submersible pump 10 adopts the same submersible pump as the common freshwater fish farming filtration system on the market, and the flow rate of the submersible pump is 500-1500L / h, and the flow rate can be set within this range. The submersible pump 10 is placed in the middle of the cylinder wall in the water outlet area 3, and is fixed with an acrylic fixing buckle and a second fixing suction cup. The pump outlet is vertically upward, the water inlet section faces the cylinder wall, and maintains a distance of 3mm from the cylinder wall, and biochemical cotton is filled between the pump body and the cylinder body to absorb excrement.

[0057] The circulating water pipe is connected to the outlet of the submersible pump, and the other end is connected to the buffer 1, that is, the outlet of the circulating water pipe 9 is set in the buffer 1. A hole is opened 1 cm from the outlet of the circulating water pipe 9, and the aeration pipe 5 and the aeration regulating valve 6 are inserted, and the aeration regulating valve 6 is placed in the air. The aeration pipe and the circulating water pipe are connected through a hard plastic capillary tube. The end of the capillary tube inserted into the circulating water pipe is cut obliquely to the cross section, and the short end faces the outlet of the circulating water pipe 9 to ensure that the water flow does not enter the aeration pipe 5.

[0058] As a further preference, the water inlet baffle 11 adopts a fully open-hole baffle, and the water outlet baffle 12 adopts a lower open-hole baffle.

[0059] The openings on each baffle can meet the conditions of water distribution systems and pollutants of different specifications. At the same time, this design can also meet the direct exposure of organisms that adapt to different water depths. For example, benthic mussels can use the lower perforated baffle.

[0060] In this embodiment, the design size of the cylinder body is 40×23×25cm, and the cylinder thickness is 5mm; each partition is vertically inserted into the cylinder body, dividing the long side of the cylinder into an 8cm buffer zone, a 22cm contaminated zone and a 9cm outlet zone; the sewage inlet pipe and outlet pipe are 12cm away from the bottom of the cylinder; the sewage inlet pipe is 1cm away from the outlet end of the circulating water pipe, and the aeration hole is 1cm away from the outlet end of the circulating water pipe; the bottom of the submersible pump is 8cm away from the bottom of the cylinder.

[0061] In the device, the water inlet baffle 11 arranged between the buffer zone 1 and the contaminated zone 2 is as follows: Figure 2 Fully open partitions:

[0062] The partition has a size of 22×24 cm;

[0063] The bottom trough for removing fish excrement is 2mm high;

[0064] The whole board is punched, the hole diameter is 2mm and the thickness is 5mm.

[0065] The water outlet baffle 12 arranged between the contaminated area 2 and the water outlet area 3 is a baffle with a hole at the bottom, and its size is the same as that of the water inlet baffle 11.

[0066] The width of the swimming organisms used in the experiment is not less than 3mm, so the bottom feces trough and the aperture are both less than 3mm; the tank body is 23cm wide and the partition is 22cm wide. In the event of manufacturing errors, the fit is tight and can effectively prevent organisms with strong swimming ability from leaving the contaminated area from both sides of the partition; the partition height is designed to be slightly lower than the tank body height to prevent manufacturing errors from causing it to be higher than the tank body and affecting the subsequent installation of the cover; the cover is optional and its main purpose is to prevent fish from jumping out of the tank body.

[0067] Since fish and shrimps tend to jump out of the water, the water surface must be lower than the height of the baffle / tank to prevent them from leaving the contaminated area or jumping out of the device from above. To meet the vertical swimming distance of aquatic organisms, the water surface height is designed to be 20 cm, the size of the contaminated area is 22×22×20 cm, and the volume is 9680 cm 3 (i.e. 9.68L).

[0068] In this embodiment, group behavior and individual behavior of fish can be observed. According to the relevant guidelines for freshwater fish farming, the water volume should be 1 to 2 L per fish. In the experiment conducted in this embodiment, 19 small freshwater fish were placed in the exposure device for observation and monitoring.

[0069] A method for simulating the large-scale continuous diffusion and dilution of pollutants adopts the above-mentioned pollutant exposure device suitable for aquatic organisms, the direction of the sewage inlet pipe is perpendicular to the overall water flow direction in the device, the peristaltic pump flow of the sewage inlet pipe can be adjusted according to the simulation object, and the device is used to simulate the situation of a real water body accepting sewage. The dispersion of pollutants is achieved through water flow and aeration, and the circulation of pollutants and water bodies is achieved through a circulation system. The water inlet flow of water containing pollutants entering the device simulates the actual concentration that organisms can be exposed to.

[0070] As a further optimization, the pollutant inflow flow is calculated based on the submersible pump flow, the target water flow of the planned simulation and the sewage outlet flow, and the calculation method is:

[0071] Q 进水 =Q 循环 Q 排污口 / Q 水体

[0072] Among them, Q 进水 is the flow rate of the sewage inlet pipe of the device;

[0073] Q 循环 Circulate flow for submersible pumps;

[0074] Q 排污口 The actual outfall flow rate of the plant area;

[0075] Q 水体 is the target water flow, i.e. the pure water flow corresponding to dilution;

[0076] The above flow units are L / h or m 3 / h.

[0077] In this embodiment, Q 循环 The measured flow rate is 1500L / h, Q 排污口 The flow rate is 1200m 3 / h,Q 水体 The flow rate is 5×10 7 m 3 / h, which is approximately the runoff of the Jialing River. The above parameters and methods can be used to simulate the continuous diffusion and dilution of wastewater discharged from factories, industrial parks and production enterprises into the Jialing River.

[0078] The required flow rate Q of the sewage inlet pipe of the device is calculated by the formula 进水 It is 0.036L / h. If the external drainage concentration is 100%, the actual concentration of pollutants that the small freshwater fish can be exposed to is 0.0024% of the external drainage.

[0079] The system can be used for normal breeding of aquatic organisms, and the maximum number of adult small fish breeding can be 20. At the same time, the sewage inlet and outlet system can also be operated to expose aquatic organisms to pollutants with gradual concentrations, simulating the acute / chronic toxic effects and behavioral effects of pollutants on aquatic organisms after entering natural water bodies under natural conditions.

[0080] Example 2

[0081] A pollutant exposure device suitable for aquatic organisms includes a cylinder body with an open top, wherein a buffer zone 1, a contaminated zone 2, and a water outlet zone 3 are sequentially arranged inside the cylinder body, a water inlet partition 11 is arranged between the buffer zone 1 and the contaminated zone 2, and a water outlet is arranged between the contaminated zone 2 and the water outlet zone 3. The three zones are separated by partitions, and holes are punched on each partition to allow water and pollutants to pass through. The designed aperture is 2 mm. In order to enhance the pollutant diffusion effect, the distance between the holes is set to 1.5 times the aperture. All aquatic organisms smaller than this size can use the device for experiments. Each partition uses a fixed buckle made of acrylic sheet and a special suction cup for breeding (i.e., the first fixed suction cup 8) to fix the position of the partition. The buckle and suction cup should be placed on one side of the buffer zone 1 and the water outlet zone to prevent affecting the normal swimming and shooting of the organisms.

[0082] The buffer zone 1 is provided with a sewage inlet pipe 7, the other end of which is connected to a sewage tank that is filtered and kept at a constant temperature using a heating rod, and the outlet zone 3 is provided with an outlet pipe 13, the other end of which is connected to a wastewater collection system. The sewage inlet pipe 7 and the outlet pipe 13 are both connected to a peristaltic pump to provide power.

[0083] The buffer zone 1, the contaminated zone 2 and the water outlet zone 3 are provided with an internal circulation system.

[0084] The internal circulation system includes a submersible pump 10, a circulating water pipe 9 and an aeration component 4; the submersible pump 10 adopts the same submersible pump as the common freshwater fish farming filtration system on the market, and the flow rate of the submersible pump is 500-1500L / h, and the flow rate can be set within this range. The submersible pump 10 is placed in the middle of the cylinder wall in the water outlet area 3, and is fixed with an acrylic fixing buckle and a second fixing suction cup. The pump outlet is vertically upward, the water inlet section faces the cylinder wall, and maintains a distance of 3mm from the cylinder wall, and biochemical cotton is filled between the pump body and the cylinder body to absorb excrement.

[0085] The circulating water pipe is connected to the outlet of the submersible pump, and the other end is connected to the buffer 1, that is, the outlet of the circulating water pipe 9 is set in the buffer 1. A hole is opened 1 cm above the outlet of the circulating water pipe 9, and the aeration pipe 5 and the aeration regulating valve 6 are inserted, and the aeration regulating valve 6 is placed in the air. The interface uses a tubular hard plastic thin tube with a bevel cut, and the shorter side faces the outlet of the circulating water pipe 9 to ensure that the water flow does not enter the aeration pipe 5.

[0086] As a further preference, the water inlet baffle 11 adopts a fully open-hole baffle, and the water outlet baffle 12 adopts a lower open-hole baffle.

[0087] The openings on each baffle can meet the conditions of water distribution systems and pollutants of different specifications. At the same time, this design can also meet the direct exposure of organisms that adapt to different water depths. For example, benthic mussels can use the lower perforated baffle.

[0088] In this embodiment, the design size of the cylinder body is 35×20×22cm, and the cylinder thickness is 5mm; each partition is vertically inserted into the cylinder body, dividing the long side of the cylinder into an 8cm buffer zone, a 20cm contaminated zone and a 7cm outlet zone; the sewage inlet pipe and outlet pipe are 12cm away from the bottom of the cylinder; the sewage inlet pipe is 1cm away from the outlet end of the circulating water pipe, and the aeration hole is 1cm away from the outlet end of the circulating water pipe; the bottom of the submersible pump is 8cm away from the bottom of the cylinder.

[0089] In the device, the water inlet baffle 11 arranged between the buffer zone 1 and the contaminated zone 2 is as follows: Figure 2 The upper perforated baffle in the middle has a size of 19×22 cm, and the bottom trough for removing fish excrement is 2 mm high, 2 mm in diameter, and 5 mm thick. The outlet baffle 12 arranged between the contaminated area 2 and the outlet area 3 is a fully perforated baffle with the same size as the inlet baffle 11.

[0090] The width of the swimming organisms used in the experiment is not less than 3mm, so the bottom feces trough and the aperture are both less than 3mm; the tank body is 20cm wide and the partition is 19cm wide. In the event of manufacturing errors, the fit is tight and can effectively prevent organisms with strong swimming ability from leaving the contaminated area from both sides of the partition; the height of the partition is designed to be slightly lower than the height of the tank body to prevent manufacturing errors from causing it to be higher than the tank body and affecting the installation of the cover later; the cover is optional and its main purpose is to prevent fish from jumping out of the tank body.

[0091] Since fish and shrimps tend to jump out of the water, the water surface must be lower than the height of the baffle / tank to prevent them from leaving the poisoned area or jumping out of the device from above. To meet the vertical swimming distance of aquatic organisms, the water surface height is designed to be 20 cm, the size of the poisoned area is 20×19×20 cm, and the volume is 7600 cm 3 (i.e. 7.6L); in this embodiment, group behavior and individual behavior of fish can be observed. According to the relevant guidelines for freshwater fish farming, the water volume should be 1-2L / fish. In this embodiment, 15 small freshwater fish are placed in the device for observation and monitoring.

[0092] A method for simulating the large-scale continuous diffusion and dilution of pollutants adopts the above-mentioned pollutant exposure device suitable for aquatic organisms, the direction of the sewage inlet pipe is perpendicular to the overall water flow direction in the device, the peristaltic pump flow of the sewage inlet pipe can be adjusted according to the simulation object, and the device is used to simulate the situation of a real water body accepting sewage. The dispersion of pollutants is achieved through water flow and aeration, and the circulation of pollutants and water bodies is achieved through a circulation system. The water inlet flow of water containing pollutants entering the device simulates the actual concentration that organisms can be exposed to.

[0093] As a further optimization, the pollutant inflow flow is calculated based on the submersible pump flow, the target water flow of the planned simulation and the sewage outlet flow, and the calculation method is:

[0094] Q 进水 =Q 循环 Q 排污口 / Q 水体

[0095] Among them, Q 进水 is the flow rate of the sewage inlet pipe of the device;

[0096] Q 循环 Circulate flow for submersible pumps;

[0097] Q 排污口 The actual outfall flow rate of the plant area;

[0098] Q 水体 is the target water flow, i.e. the pure water flow corresponding to dilution;

[0099] The above flow units are L / h or m 3 / h.

[0100] In this embodiment, Q 循环 The measured flow rate is 1200L / h, Q 排污口 The flow rate is 1000m 3 / h,Q 水体 The flow rate is 5.5×10 5 m 3 / h, which is approximately the flow rate of a tributary of the Huaihe River. The above parameters and methods can be used to simulate the continuous diffusion and dilution of wastewater discharged from factories, industrial parks and production enterprises into a tributary of the Huaihe River.

[0101] The required flow rate Q of the sewage inlet pipe of the device is calculated by the formula 进水 It is 2.18L / h. If the external drainage concentration is 100%, the actual concentration of pollutants that the small freshwater fish can be exposed to is 0.18% of the external drainage.

[0102] The system can be used for normal breeding of aquatic organisms, and the maximum number of adult small fish breeding can be 15. At the same time, the sewage inlet and outlet system can also be operated to expose aquatic organisms to pollutants with gradual concentrations, simulating the acute / chronic toxic effects and behavioral effects of pollutants on aquatic organisms after entering natural water bodies under natural conditions.

[0103] In this embodiment, potassium permanganate is used as an indicator to simulate the pollutant distribution, and a UV-visible spectrophotometer is used to measure the potassium permanganate concentration, in order to test the pollutant distribution effect of the exposure experimental device.

[0104] Potassium permanganate is a strong oxidant that can be used for sterilization, but it is also a heavy metal and may have toxic effects on aquatic organisms due to its strong oxidizing properties. Based on its heavy metal and color characteristics, this embodiment uses its color as an indicator to test the diffusion effect.

[0105] The results of previous experiments showed that within the concentration range of soluble potassium permanganate, its absorbance at 525nm was linearly related to the concentration. Therefore, the absorbance at 525nm was used to represent the concentration of potassium permanganate to verify the diffusion effect.

[0106] Comparative Example 1

[0107] Without adding a submersible pump and aeration device (other places not mentioned are the same as Example 1), the potassium permanganate entering the buffer zone enters the water in a vertical downward manner, and forms an accumulation area with a thickness of about 3 mm at the bottom of the cylinder. Since a manure trough is set at the bottom of the partition, part of the potassium permanganate solution diffuses to the contaminated area through the manure trough after covering the bottom of the buffer zone, and the potassium permanganate solution group does not significantly diffuse and dilute to the pure water body. The reason is that the potassium permanganate solution has a different specific gravity from pure water, so a clear dividing line is formed, which is not conducive to simulating the diffusion effect in a real environment.

[0108] When only an aeration device is set up, the potassium permanganate solution is quickly dispersed and mixed with pure water under the action of bubbles after entering the buffer zone. However, due to the lack of horizontal diffusion power, the concentration of the diluted potassium permanganate solution in the buffer zone continued to increase (the color continued to deepen) within 10 minutes, but it did not diffuse to the contaminated area. The potassium permanganate solution began to diffuse significantly to the contaminated area about 15 minutes after the potassium permanganate water inlet was started. The setting of the baffle effectively reduced the water flow disturbance in the contaminated area, and the aeration device only provided vertical downward liquid flow power, resulting in the diffusion of the potassium permanganate solution. It was still affected by gravity and concentration gradient, and diffused to the contaminated area through the manure trough at the bottom of the baffle and the lower pores. The color of the top of the contaminated area was almost unchanged within 30 minutes after the potassium permanganate water inlet, and the diffusion effect was still poor.

[0109] When only a submersible pump is set up and the submersible pump is not connected to the buffer zone and the outlet zone, the diffusion effect of potassium permanganate solution in the buffer zone is average under the condition of high flow rate. The reason is that the water flow of the submersible pump only provides downward diffusion power, and also because of the lack of horizontal diffusion power, the potassium permanganate dilute solution sinks parabolically after passing through the pores of the water inlet baffle, forming a lighter potassium permanganate liquid flow in the contaminated area. This liquid flow always exists, and the bottom concentration is significantly higher than the top concentration. The outlet zone did not show significant color changes within 1.5 hours after the start of the experiment. The diffusion effect is still not ideal under this condition.

[0110] When only a submersible pump is installed and connected to the buffer zone and the outlet zone, the horizontal diffusion power is significantly increased because the main body of the submersible pump is set in the contaminated area. However, due to the general diffusion and mixing effect of the buffer zone, the concentration of potassium permanganate in the contaminated area varies greatly, which will cause local high-concentration areas in the water body that should have a lower concentration. Zebrafish will instinctively take evasive actions after sensing high-concentration pollutants, which may produce a false positive effect in toxicity tests. At the same time, the device lacks an aeration device, and the dissolved oxygen concentration in the water is insufficient, which is not conducive to the long-term survival of zebrafish.

[0111] In the case where a circulating pump and an aeration device connecting the buffer zone and the outlet zone are set up at the same time, after the sewage enters the tank through the water inlet pipe, the circulating water inlet system of the contaminated zone and the circulating water outlet system of the outlet zone accelerate the lateral diffusion of pollutants from the buffer zone through the contaminated zone to the outlet zone; at the same time, pollutants will sink or rise freely due to gravity, inertia or density factors, but in this system, the internal circulation system adopts the form of circulating water pipes and aeration components to form an "aeration + circulating water" combination, the existence of which increases the disturbance of pollutants and causes them to diffuse rapidly in the buffer zone.

[0112] On the one hand, the larger circulating water flow promotes the vertical downward movement of pollutants and disperses the sewage. On the other hand, the fine bubbles produced by aeration increase the upward dispersion power of the sewage. The combination of the two makes the sewage fully mixed in the longitudinal section of the buffer zone.

[0113] Without the installation of the "aeration + circulating water" system, pollutants fall vertically due to the lack of disturbance in the water and accumulate at the bottom of the tank. They cannot diffuse to the contaminated area due to lack of diffusion power. However, after the installation of the "aeration + circulating water" system, the pollutants are quickly dispersed by the circulating water with greater impact force and fine bubbles, and are evenly distributed in the entire buffer zone. This allows the pollutants to diffuse evenly from the small holes in the water inlet baffle to the contaminated area, and accelerates the lateral diffusion under the action of the circulation system.

[0114] Sampling was carried out at 9, 27 and 9 sampling points in the buffer zone, contaminated zone and effluent zone respectively, and the concentration of potassium permanganate was quantified using UV-visible spectrophotometer. The results are as follows: Figure 3 shown.

[0115] The difference in pollutant concentration in each area is not much during the water intake process, which well illustrates that the present invention has excellent pollutant diffusion ability and strong pollutant diffusion ability in the water flow direction. At the same time, the concentration difference at different points in the same area is very small (as shown by the error bar), which also illustrates that the perforated baffle + internal circulation aeration system has an excellent dispersion effect on pollutants.

[0116] Pollutants can be quickly mixed, dispersed and homogenized in the tank, which not only meets the needs of toxicity experiments, but also ensures that aquatic organisms have sufficient range of activities. It can indeed simulate the effect of natural water bodies accepting pollutants and affecting aquatic organisms.

[0117] Example 3

[0118] In this embodiment, the design size of the cylinder body is 36×21×22cm, and the cylinder thickness is 5mm; each partition is vertically inserted into the cylinder body, dividing the long side of the cylinder into an 8cm buffer zone, a 21cm contaminated zone and a 7cm outlet zone; the sewage inlet pipe and outlet pipe are 12cm away from the bottom of the cylinder; the sewage inlet pipe is 1cm away from the outlet end of the circulating water pipe, and the aeration hole is 1cm away from the outlet end of the circulating water pipe; the bottom of the submersible pump is 8cm away from the bottom of the cylinder.

[0119] like Figure 2 As shown, the partition size is 20×21cm, the bottom manure trough is 2mm high, the whole board is perforated with a hole diameter of 2mm and a thickness of 5mm.

[0120] The width of the swimming organisms used in the experiment is not less than 3mm, so the bottom feces trough and the aperture are both less than 3mm; the tank body is 21cm wide and the partition is 20cm wide. In the event of manufacturing errors, the fit is tight and can effectively prevent organisms with strong swimming ability from leaving the contaminated area from both sides of the partition; the partition height is designed to be slightly lower than the tank body height to prevent manufacturing errors from causing it to be higher than the tank body and affecting the subsequent installation of the cover; the cover is optional and its main purpose is to prevent fish from jumping out of the tank body.

[0121] Since fish and shrimps tend to jump out of the water, the water surface must be lower than the height of the baffle / tank to prevent them from leaving the contaminated area or jumping out of the device from above. To meet the vertical swimming distance of aquatic organisms, the water surface height is designed to be 20 cm, the size of the contaminated area is 21×20×20 cm, and the volume is 8400 cm 3 (ie 8.4L); in this embodiment, group behavior observation and individual behavior observation of fish can be carried out. According to the relevant guidelines for freshwater fish farming, the water volume should be 1-2L / fish, so a maximum of 16 small freshwater fish can be observed and monitored at the same time.

[0122] Sodium arsenate was used as a simulated pollutant. The upper half of the water inlet baffle was perforated, and the entire plate of the water outlet baffle was perforated. Total arsenic was measured using an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer, and the relative concentration changes were represented by a heat map. The results are shown in Figure 2. Figure 4 As shown:

[0123] 1-1 to 3-3 represent 9 sampling points in one sampling surface of the buffer zone, 4-1 to 12-3 represent 27 sampling points in three sampling surfaces of the contaminated area, and 13-1 to 15-3 represent 9 sampling points in one sampling surface of the effluent, recording the concentration changes within 100 minutes. As can be seen from the figure, with the increase of time, the concentration of each sampling point increases. At the same time, the concentration of each point in the contaminated area is uniform, and there is no significant accumulation area of ​​pollutants, indicating that the pollutant dispersion effect is good. The use of the upper perforated baffle is conducive to strengthening the dispersion of pollutants whose aqueous solution density is greater than that of water in the contaminated area, and the full-plate perforated effluent baffle can provide the contaminated area with uniform effluent diffusion power in all directions to avoid local accumulation of pollutants.

[0124] Example 4

[0125] A pollutant exposure device suitable for aquatic organisms includes a cylinder body with an open top, wherein a buffer zone 1, a contaminated zone 2, and a water outlet zone 3 are sequentially arranged inside the cylinder body, a water inlet partition 11 is arranged between the buffer zone 1 and the contaminated zone 2, and a water outlet is arranged between the contaminated zone 2 and the water outlet zone 3. The three zones are separated by partitions, and holes are punched on each partition to allow water and pollutants to pass through. The designed aperture is 2 mm. In order to enhance the pollutant diffusion effect, the distance between the holes is set to 1.5 times the aperture. All aquatic organisms smaller than this size can use the device for experiments. Each partition uses a fixed buckle made of acrylic sheet and a special suction cup for breeding (i.e., the first fixed suction cup 8) to fix the position of the partition. The buckle and suction cup should be placed on one side of the buffer zone 1 and the water outlet zone to prevent affecting the normal swimming and shooting of the organisms.

[0126] The buffer zone 1 is provided with a sewage inlet pipe 7, the other end of which is connected to a sewage tank that is filtered and kept at a constant temperature using a heating rod, and the outlet zone 3 is provided with an outlet pipe 13, the other end of which is connected to a wastewater collection system. The sewage inlet pipe 7 and the outlet pipe 13 are both connected to a peristaltic pump to provide power.

[0127] The buffer zone 1, the contaminated zone 2 and the water outlet zone 3 are provided with an internal circulation system.

[0128] The internal circulation system includes a submersible pump 10, a circulating water pipe 9 and an aeration component 4; the submersible pump 10 adopts the same submersible pump as the common freshwater fish farming filtration system on the market, and the flow rate of the submersible pump is 500-1500L / h, and the flow rate can be set within this range. The submersible pump 10 is placed in the middle of the cylinder wall in the water outlet area 3, and is fixed with an acrylic fixing buckle and a second fixing suction cup. The pump outlet is vertically upward, the water inlet section faces the cylinder wall, and maintains a distance of 3mm from the cylinder wall, and biochemical cotton is filled between the pump body and the cylinder body to absorb excrement.

[0129] The circulating water pipe is connected to the outlet of the submersible pump, and the other end is connected to the buffer 1, that is, the outlet of the circulating water pipe 9 is set in the buffer 1. A hole is opened 1 cm above the outlet of the circulating water pipe 9, and the aeration pipe 5 and the aeration regulating valve 6 are inserted, and the aeration regulating valve 6 is placed in the air. The interface uses a tubular hard plastic thin tube with a bevel cut, and the shorter side faces the outlet of the circulating water pipe 9 to ensure that the water flow does not enter the aeration pipe 5.

[0130] As a further preference, the water inlet baffle 11 adopts a baffle with lower openings, the water outlet baffle 12 adopts a baffle structure with full openings, and the submersible pump adopts a 1500L / h model.

[0131] In this embodiment, the design size of the cylinder body is 38×21×23cm, and the cylinder thickness is 5mm; each partition is vertically inserted into the cylinder body, dividing the long side of the cylinder into an 8cm buffer zone, a 22cm contaminated zone and an 8cm outlet zone; the sewage inlet pipe and outlet pipe are 12cm away from the bottom of the cylinder; the sewage inlet pipe is 1cm away from the outlet end of the circulating water pipe, and the aeration hole is 1cm away from the outlet end of the circulating water pipe; the bottom of the submersible pump is 8cm away from the bottom of the cylinder.

[0132] In the device, the water inlet baffle 11 arranged between the buffer zone 1 and the contaminated zone 2 is as follows: Figure 2 The upper perforated baffle in the middle has a size of 20×22 cm, and the bottom trough for removing fish excrement is 2 mm high, 2 mm in diameter, and 5 mm thick. The outlet baffle 12 arranged between the contaminated area 2 and the outlet area 3 is a fully perforated baffle, and its size is the same as that of the inlet baffle 11.

[0133] The width of the swimming organisms used in the experiment is not less than 3mm, so the bottom feces trough and the aperture are both less than 3mm; the tank body is 21cm wide and the partition is 20cm wide. In the event of manufacturing errors, the fit is tight and can effectively prevent organisms with strong swimming ability from leaving the contaminated area from both sides of the partition; the partition height is designed to be slightly lower than the tank body height to prevent manufacturing errors from causing it to be higher than the tank body and affecting the subsequent installation of the cover; the cover is optional and its main purpose is to prevent fish from jumping out of the tank body.

[0134] Since fish and shrimps tend to jump out of the water, the water surface needs to be lower than the height of the baffle / cylinder to prevent them from leaving the contaminated area or jumping out of the device from above. In order to meet the vertical swimming distance of aquatic organisms, the water surface height is designed to be 21 cm, the size of the contaminated area is 22×20×21 cm, and the volume is 9.24 L. In this embodiment, group behavior and individual behavior of fish can be observed. According to relevant guidelines for freshwater fish farming, the water volume should be 1-2 L / tail. In this embodiment, 18 small freshwater fish are placed in the device for observation and monitoring.

[0135] In this embodiment, the water inlet baffle 11 adopts a baffle with a lower opening, the purpose of which is to simulate the situation that the natural water body receives the drainage outside the real sewage outlet containing a large amount of aromatic hydrocarbons, petroleum hydrocarbons and other hydrocarbon organic matter. Since hydrocarbon organic matter has a low density and relatively low solubility, if a fully open baffle or an upper open baffle is used, all pollutants may be present on the surface of the water body, which may produce a false negative result. Fish will avoid after contacting abnormal water bodies, and will dive to the bottom of the water after being exposed to hydrocarbons concentrated in the upper part, and the swimming height will change. However, since the height where the hydrocarbons are concentrated is not clear, sampling and monitoring are time-consuming and laborious. Therefore, this problem can be solved by using a baffle with holes at the bottom, while saving manpower and material resources. The water outlet baffle 12 adopts a fully open baffle, the purpose of which is to make the horizontal diffusion power generated by the outlet uniform. If only a semi-open baffle (upper or lower opening) is used, it may cause the concentration on the non-perforated side to be low or produce local concentration accumulation, resulting in a false positive result.

[0136] A method for simulating the large-scale continuous diffusion and dilution of pollutants adopts the above-mentioned pollutant exposure device suitable for aquatic organisms, the direction of the sewage inlet pipe is perpendicular to the overall water flow direction in the device, the peristaltic pump flow of the sewage inlet pipe can be adjusted according to the simulation object, and the device is used to simulate the situation of a real water body accepting sewage. The dispersion of pollutants is achieved through water flow and aeration, and the circulation of pollutants and water bodies is achieved through a circulation system. The water inlet flow of water containing pollutants entering the device simulates the actual concentration that organisms can be exposed to.

[0137] The pollutant inflow flow is calculated based on the submersible pump flow, the target water flow of the planned simulation and the outfall flow. The calculation method is:

[0138] Q 进水 =Q 循环 Q 排污口 / Q 水体

[0139] Among them, Q 进水 is the flow rate of the sewage inlet pipe of the device;

[0140] Q 循环 Circulate flow for submersible pumps;

[0141] Q 排污口 The actual outfall flow rate of the plant area;

[0142] Q 水体 is the target water flow, i.e. the pure water flow corresponding to dilution;

[0143] The above flow units are L / h or m 3 / h.

[0144] According to the target water flow rate of 5×10 5 m 3 / h, actual sewage outlet flow rate of the factory area is 1000m 3 / h, the pollutant inflow flow rate is 3L / h, which is 0.83mL / s. The experimental system can be used to evaluate the toxic effects of light pollutants on aquatic organisms after continuous dilution under the above simulation conditions.

[0145] This experimental system is suitable for simulating high-concentration organic wastewater with a sewage density lower than that of natural water bodies.

[0146] Acetonitrile was used to represent a pollutant with a density lower than that of water to evaluate the effectiveness of the system. The concentration of acetonitrile was measured by gas chromatography. The results were as follows: Figure 5 As shown:

[0147] The changes in acetonitrile concentration in the three zones within 150 minutes were evaluated. It can be seen that within the allowable error range, the concentrations in the three zones at the same time point were slightly different, and the concentration error within each zone was very small. There were no abnormal concentration points that continued to increase or decrease, indicating that the pollutant dispersion and homogenization effect was very good. It can be used to evaluate the toxic effects of continuous dilution of pollutants on aquatic organisms under the above-mentioned simulation conditions.

[0148] Example 5

[0149] A pollutant exposure device suitable for aquatic organisms includes a cylinder body with an open top, wherein a buffer zone 1, a contaminated zone 2, and a water outlet zone 3 are sequentially arranged inside the cylinder body, a water inlet partition 11 is arranged between the buffer zone 1 and the contaminated zone 2, and a water outlet is arranged between the contaminated zone 2 and the water outlet zone 3. The three zones are separated by partitions, and holes are punched on each partition to allow water and pollutants to pass through. The designed aperture is 2 mm. In order to enhance the pollutant diffusion effect, the distance between the holes is set to 1.5 times the aperture. All aquatic organisms smaller than this size can use the device for experiments. Each partition uses a fixed buckle made of acrylic sheet and a special suction cup for breeding (i.e., the first fixed suction cup 8) to fix the position of the partition. The buckle and suction cup should be placed on one side of the buffer zone 1 and the water outlet zone to prevent affecting the normal swimming and shooting of the organisms.

[0150] The buffer zone 1 is provided with a sewage inlet pipe 7, the other end of which is connected to a sewage tank that is filtered and kept at a constant temperature using a heating rod, and the outlet zone 3 is provided with an outlet pipe 13, the other end of which is connected to a wastewater collection system. The sewage inlet pipe 7 and the outlet pipe 13 are both connected to a peristaltic pump to provide power.

[0151] The buffer zone 1, the contaminated zone 2 and the water outlet zone 3 are provided with an internal circulation system.

[0152] The internal circulation system includes a submersible pump 10, a circulating water pipe 9 and an aeration component 4; the submersible pump 10 adopts the same submersible pump as the common freshwater fish farming filtration system on the market, and the flow rate of the submersible pump is 500-1500L / h, and the flow rate can be set within this range. The submersible pump 10 is placed in the middle of the cylinder wall in the water outlet area 3, and is fixed with an acrylic fixing buckle and a second fixing suction cup. The pump outlet is vertically upward, the water inlet section faces the cylinder wall, and maintains a distance of 3mm from the cylinder wall, and biochemical cotton is filled between the pump body and the cylinder body to absorb excrement.

[0153] The circulating water pipe is connected to the outlet of the submersible pump, and the other end is connected to the buffer 1, that is, the outlet of the circulating water pipe 9 is set in the buffer 1. A hole is opened 1 cm above the outlet of the circulating water pipe 9, and the aeration pipe 5 and the aeration regulating valve 6 are inserted, and the aeration regulating valve 6 is placed in the air. The interface uses a tubular hard plastic thin tube with a bevel cut, and the shorter side faces the outlet of the circulating water pipe 9 to ensure that the water flow does not enter the aeration pipe 5.

[0154] As a further preference, the water inlet baffle adopts a lower half perforated structure, the water outlet baffle adopts a whole plate perforated structure, and the submersible pump adopts a 1000L / h model.

[0155] A method for simulating the large-scale continuous diffusion and dilution of pollutants adopts the above-mentioned pollutant exposure device suitable for aquatic organisms, the direction of the sewage inlet pipe is perpendicular to the overall water flow direction in the device, the peristaltic pump flow of the sewage inlet pipe can be adjusted according to the simulation object, and the device is used to simulate the situation of a real water body accepting sewage. The dispersion of pollutants is achieved through water flow and aeration, and the circulation of pollutants and water bodies is achieved through a circulation system. The water inlet flow of water containing pollutants entering the device simulates the actual concentration that organisms can be exposed to.

[0156] The pollutant inflow flow is calculated based on the submersible pump flow, the target water body flow planned for simulation, and the outfall flow.

[0157] The plan simulates the sewage diffusion effect of a tributary of Liaohe River. According to the plan, the simulated water section flow rate is 5.7×10 5 m 3 / h, sewage discharge 3000m 3 / h, the inlet and outlet water peristaltic pump flow rate is 5.26L / h, totaling 1.46mL / s.

[0158] An experimental system was obtained that can simulate the toxic effects of pollutants discharged from a sewage outlet of a tributary of the Liaohe River on aquatic organisms after continuous dilution.

[0159] This experimental system is suitable for simulating high-concentration organic wastewater with a sewage density lower than that of natural water bodies.

[0160] Other unmentioned places are the same as those in Example 1.

[0161] Example 6

[0162] The method of Example 1 is followed, except that the water inlet and outlet baffles are fully perforated and a 1000L / h submersible pump is used.

[0163] The planned simulated water cross-sectional flow is 7.8×10 5 m 3 / h, sewage discharge 2000m 3 / h calculation, the inlet and outlet peristaltic pump flow rate is 2.56L / h, totaling 0.71mL / s. An experimental system is obtained that can simulate the toxic effects of pollutants on aquatic organisms after continuous dilution under the sewage discharge conditions. This experimental system is suitable for simulating wastewater with unknown sewage density or large changes in sewage composition / density.

[0164] For this type of wastewater simulation, it is recommended to conduct the experiment with a partition with holes all over the plate. If a toxicity simulation experiment is required, it is recommended to install a side camera on the basis of the original test plan or to record the changes in the swimming height of aquatic species with high activity (such as fish, shrimp, etc.) during the experiment. The sewage density can be preliminarily determined by the height change. If fish show significant floating behavior after the sewage enters the water, it means that the sewage density is large, otherwise it means that the sewage density is small. If the height change is not obvious or is relatively messy, it means that this type of sewage is well mixed under the mixing of the device, and there is no need to adjust the subsequent experimental plan.

[0165] It should be noted that the terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular form is also intended to include the plural form. In addition, it should be understood that when the terms "comprise" and / or "include" are used in this specification, it indicates the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components and / or combinations thereof.

[0166] Unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangement, numerical expressions and numerical values ​​of the parts and steps set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present application. At the same time, it should be understood that, for ease of description, the sizes of the various parts shown in the accompanying drawings are not drawn according to the actual proportional relationship. The technology, method and equipment known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant field may not be discussed in detail, but in appropriate cases, the technology, method and equipment should be considered as a part of the authorization specification. In all examples shown and discussed here, any specific value should be interpreted as being merely exemplary, rather than as a limitation. Therefore, other examples of exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters represent similar items in the following drawings, so that once a certain item is defined in an accompanying drawing, it does not need to be further discussed in subsequent drawings.

[0167] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by directional words such as "up", "down", "left", "right", "side", "front", "back", "lateral", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", etc. is usually based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description. Unless otherwise specified, these directional words do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present application; the directional words "inside" and "outside" refer to the inside and outside relative to the outline of each component itself.

[0168] In addition, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in this specification can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0169] Of course, the above description is not a limitation of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above examples. Changes, modifications, additions or substitutions made by technicians in this technical field within the essential scope of the present invention should also fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A pollutant exposure device suitable for aquatic organisms, comprising a cylinder with an open top, characterized in that: The buffer zone, the poisoning zone and the water outlet zone are arranged in sequence inside the cylinder body, and the buffer zone and the poisoning zone, and the poisoning zone and the water outlet zone are separated by partitions, and the partition spacing is not less than 20 cm. The partitions are perforated, and the buffer zone, the poisoning zone and the water outlet zone are provided with an internal circulation system; The buffer zone is provided with a sewage inlet pipe, the other end of which is connected to a sewage tank that filters insoluble impurities and uses a heating rod to maintain a constant temperature. The outlet zone is provided with an outlet pipe, the other end of which is connected to a wastewater collection system.

2. A pollutant exposure device suitable for aquatic organisms according to claim 1, characterized in that: The internal circulation system includes a submersible pump, a circulating water pipe and an aeration component; the submersible pump has a flow rate of 500 to 1500 L / h, the submersible pump is placed in the middle of the cylinder wall in the water outlet area, and maintains a distance of 1 to 3 mm from the cylinder wall; the circulating water pipe is connected to the water outlet of the submersible pump, and the other end is connected to the buffer zone, a hole is opened at the buffer zone end of the circulating water pipe 0.5 to 1 cm away from the water outlet, an aeration pipe and an aeration regulating valve are inserted, and the aeration regulating valve is placed in the air, the aeration pipe is connected to the circulating water pipe through a hard plastic capillary, the capillary port inserted into the circulating water pipe is cut obliquely to the cross section, and the short end faces the water outlet of the circulating water pipe to ensure that water does not enter the aeration pipe.

3. A pollutant exposure device suitable for aquatic organisms according to claim 2, characterized in that: Biochemical cotton is filled between the pump body and the cylinder body of the submersible pump to absorb excrement.

4. A pollutant exposure device suitable for aquatic organisms according to claim 2, characterized in that: The water outlet of the submersible pump is vertically upward, and the water inlet section faces the cylinder wall.

5. A pollutant exposure device suitable for aquatic organisms according to claim 2, characterized in that: The outlet end of the circulating water pipe is vertically downward, and the outlet is located in the middle of the buffer zone; keep the outlet directions of the sewage inlet pipe and the circulating water pipe consistent, and the outlet of the sewage inlet pipe is located 1 to 3 cm above the outlet of the circulating water pipe.

6. A pollutant exposure device suitable for aquatic organisms according to claim 1, characterized in that: The partitions include an upper perforated partition, a lower perforated partition, and a fully perforated partition. The partitions are made of transparent acrylic plates, and a manure trough with a height of 1 to 3 mm is left at the bottom.

7. A pollutant exposure device suitable for aquatic organisms according to claim 6, characterized in that: The apertures on the partition plate have an aperture of 1 to 3 mm, and the distance between the holes is set to be 1 to 2 times the aperture diameter.

8. A pollutant exposure device suitable for aquatic organisms according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sewage inlet pipe and outlet pipe are powered by a peristaltic pump, and the inlet and outlet water flow rates are set at 0.1-10 L / h.

9. A method for simulating large-scale continuous diffusion and dilution of pollutants, using any one of the pollutant exposure devices suitable for aquatic organisms as described in claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The direction of the sewage inlet pipe is perpendicular to the overall water flow direction in the device. The peristaltic pump flow of the sewage inlet pipe can be adjusted according to the simulation object. The device is used to simulate the situation of a real water body accepting sewage. The dispersion of pollutants is achieved through water flow and aeration. The circulation of pollutants and water bodies is achieved through a circulation system. The water inlet flow of water containing pollutants entering the device simulates the actual concentration that organisms can be exposed to.

10. A method for simulating large-scale continuous diffusion and dilution of pollutants according to claim 9, characterized in that: The pollutant inflow flow is calculated based on the submersible pump flow, the target water flow of the planned simulation and the outfall flow. The calculation method is: Q 进水 =Q 循环 ·Q 排污口 / Q 水体 ; Among them, Q 进水 is the flow rate of the sewage inlet pipe of the device; Q 循环 The flow rate of the submersible pump for the device; Q 排污口 is the actual sewage outlet flow of the plant; Q 水体 is the target water flow, i.e. the actual radial flow of the target water body to be simulated, in units of L / h or m 3 / h.

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