Insulating material flashover experiment device and method for measuring elements generated in flashover process

Abstract

The invention discloses an insulating material flashover experiment device and method for measuring elements generated in a flashover process. The device comprises a metal tank body, an insulator upper cover, an insulating sample piece, a charge injection assembly, a charge measurement assembly, a surface flashover assembly, a sample piece bearing assembly, a finger-shaped electrode adjusting assembly and a spectrograph, the spectrograph is arranged on the metal tank body through the insulating sealing cover; the sample piece bearing assembly and the finger-shaped electrode adjusting assembly are arranged on the surface flashover assembly; and the insulating sample piece is arranged on the sample piece bearing assembly. The device provided by the invention can be used for measuring elements generated in the flashover process, has the capability of adjusting the distance and the height of the finger-shaped electrodes, and widens the research range of the device; the supporting mode of the insulation sample piece is optimized, the grounding state of the electrode plate can be maintained in the charge injection stage, the insulation state below the insulation sample piece can be maintained in the surface flashover stage, extra discharge is avoided, and the surface flashover measurement precision of the insulation sample piece is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of electrical experiments, and in particular relates to an insulating material flashover experimental device and method for measuring elements generated during the flashover process. Background Art

[0002] In the power system, the large-scale application of AC gas-insulated metal-enclosed switchgear (GIS) and gas-insulated transmission lines (GIL) has effectively promoted the development of miniaturization and gas insulation of power equipment. However, due to the problem of surface flashover of basin-type insulators caused by charge accumulation, AC gas-insulated metal-enclosed switchgear (GIS) and gas-insulated transmission lines (GIL) have failed to make substantial breakthroughs for a long time, and their industrial application still faces difficulties.

[0003] Therefore, studying the influence of surface charge on the surface flashover characteristics of insulating media under the action of DC electric field is of great significance to promote the industrial application of AC gas-insulated metal-enclosed switchgear (GIS) and gas-insulated transmission lines (GIL).

[0004] The accumulation of charge at the gas-solid interface is an important factor leading to insulation breakdown. It will aggravate the electric field distortion in the local area of ​​the solid medium surface, and then ionize more free charges, providing conditions for flashover, which will cause high-voltage equipment to fail or even burn out.

[0005] At present, in the existing related research, the surface charge density of the insulating material is mainly measured as a research method. There is a lack of quantitative research on the surface flashover characteristics of the insulator after the surface charge accumulates. Under the action of the surface charge, the changing characteristics of the surface flashover characteristics of the insulating medium are still unclear. Through the existing research methods, it is impossible to construct the correlation characteristics between the charge accumulation on the surface of the insulating material and the surface flashover, and it is also impossible to provide effective theoretical guidance for the insulation optimization design of the basin insulator.

[0006] To this end, a Chinese patent application with patent application number 202311256645.7 discloses a device and method for surface charge injection, measurement and surface flashover experiment of insulating materials. The scheme can complete the charge injection on the surface of the insulating material, and at the same time can measure the charge density on the surface of the insulating material. Under the action of the surface charge, the surface flashover experiment of the insulating material can be further realized. The changing characteristics of the surface flashover characteristics of the insulating medium are clarified through experiments, and then the correlation characteristics between the charge accumulation on the surface of the insulating material and the surface flashover can be constructed, which can provide effective theoretical guidance for the insulation optimization design of pot-type insulators.

[0007] However, when the above scheme is adopted, when surface flashover occurs on the insulating sample piece, the device lacks the ability to measure the elements generated in the flashover process, and does not have the ability to adjust the spacing and height of the finger electrodes, which limits the research scope of the device. In addition, the device needs to maintain the grounding state of the electrode plate in both the charge injection stage and the surface flashover stage, and cannot insulate the bottom of the insulating sample piece during the surface flashover stage. Therefore, it is easy to generate additional discharge at the electrode plate, which in turn causes the measurement accuracy of the surface flashover of the insulating sample piece to decrease. Summary of the invention

[0008] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides an insulating material flashover experimental device and method for measuring elements generated during the flashover process. The device can measure the elements generated during the flashover process and has the ability to adjust the spacing and height of finger electrodes, thereby broadening the research scope of the device; the supporting form of the insulating sample piece is optimized, which can maintain the grounding state of the electrode plate in the charge injection stage, and maintain the insulation state under the insulating sample piece in the surface flashover stage, thereby avoiding additional discharge and improving the measurement accuracy of the surface flashover of the insulating sample piece.

[0009] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: an insulating material flashover experimental device for measuring elements generated during the flashover process, comprising a metal tank body, an insulator upper cover, an insulating sample piece, a charge injection component, a charge measurement component, a surface flashover component, a sample piece supporting component, a finger-shaped electrode adjustment component and a spectrometer; the insulator upper cover sealing buckle is installed at the upper tank mouth of the metal tank body, and four openings are arranged circumferentially in the middle of the side plate of the metal tank body, and the first insulating cover, the second insulating cover, the third insulating cover and the observation window are respectively fixed on the four openings; the first insulating cover The edge cover is used to fit the charge injection component; the second insulating cover is used to fit the charge measurement component; the spectrometer is fixedly mounted on the third insulating cover, and the signal output end of the spectrometer is connected to the computer; a high-voltage guide rod is vertically fixed at the center of the insulator upper cover; the surface flashover component is fitted between the high-voltage guide rod and the bottom plate of the metal tank body, an insulating gas injection port is provided on the bottom plate of the metal tank body, and the metal tank body is grounded through a wire; the sample piece supporting assembly and the finger electrode adjustment assembly are both arranged on the surface flashover assembly; the insulating sample piece is arranged on the sample piece supporting assembly.

[0010] The insulating sample piece adopts a circular structure, and a plurality of measuring points are marked on the upper surface of the insulating sample piece.

[0011] The measuring points are distributed in a plurality of circles along the radial direction relative to the center of the insulating sample piece, and the measuring points on each circle are distributed at equal intervals along the circumferential direction.

[0012] The charge injection assembly includes a first DC power supply, a first resistor, a high-voltage guide post, a conductive spring, a first insulating support rod, a first metal support rod, a needle electrode and a first translation drive mechanism; the positive electrode of the first DC power supply is connected to one end of the first resistor through a wire, and the other end of the first resistor is connected to the high-voltage guide post through a wire, the high-voltage guide post is horizontally fixedly installed on the first insulating cover, one end of the high-voltage guide post is located outside the metal tank body, and the other end of the high-voltage guide post is located inside the metal tank body; the negative electrode of the first DC power supply is grounded through a wire; the first insulating support rod is coaxially fixed to the first metal support rod The invention relates to a combined support rod, which is horizontally sealed and passes through a first insulating cover. The combined support rod has axial freedom of movement relative to the first insulating cover. One end of the first metal support rod in the combined support rod always extends into the interior of the metal tank body. The needle electrode is vertically fixed to the end of the first metal support rod located inside the metal tank body. One end of the conductive spring sheet is fixed to the end of the high-voltage guide column located inside the metal tank body, and the other end of the conductive spring sheet overlaps and conducts with the first metal support rod. The first translation drive mechanism is located outside the metal tank body, and the first insulating support rod in the combined support rod is connected to the first translation drive mechanism.

[0013] The charge measurement component includes an electrostatic probe, a second insulating support rod and a second translation drive mechanism; the second insulating support rod is horizontally sealed and passes through the second insulating cover, and the second insulating support rod has axial movement freedom relative to the second insulating cover; the electrostatic probe is vertically fixed on the end of the second insulating support rod located inside the metal tank body; the second translation drive mechanism is located outside the metal tank body, and the other end of the second insulating support rod is connected to the second translation drive mechanism.

[0014] The surface flashover assembly includes a second DC power supply, a second resistor, a second metal support rod, an insulating support plate, an insulating bracket, a first finger-shaped electrode, a second finger-shaped electrode, a lifting drive mechanism and a rotating drive mechanism; the positive electrode of the second DC power supply is connected to one end of the second resistor through a wire, and the other end of the second resistor is connected to the high-voltage guide rod at the center of the insulator cover through a wire; the second metal support rod vertically seals through the bottom plate of the metal tank body, and the second metal support rod has axial freedom of movement relative to the bottom plate of the metal tank body; the sample piece supporting assembly is located between the second metal support rod and the insulating sample piece; the insulating support plate is horizontal It is arranged just above the insulating sample piece, and the insulating support plate is fixedly connected to the bottom plate of the metal tank body through an insulating bracket; the first finger-shaped electrode and the second finger-shaped electrode are arranged in parallel on the finger-shaped electrode adjustment assembly, and the finger-shaped electrode adjustment assembly is arranged on the insulating support plate; the first finger-shaped electrode is connected to the high-voltage guide rod through a wire, and the second finger-shaped electrode is connected to the metal tank body through a wire, and the second finger-shaped electrode is grounded through the metal tank body; the lifting drive mechanism and the rotary drive mechanism are located outside the metal tank body, the rotary drive mechanism is installed on the lifting drive mechanism, and the lower end of the second metal support rod is connected to the rotary drive mechanism.

[0015] The specimen support assembly comprises an insulating support plate, a metal support barrel, an insulating support barrel, an insulating adapter plate, an electrode plate and a metal guide support rod; the insulating support plate is located directly below the insulating support plate, the insulating support plate is fixedly connected to the insulating bracket, a circular opening is provided at the center of the insulating support plate, and the metal support barrel is fixedly installed in the circular opening at the center of the insulating support plate; the insulating support barrel is located inside the metal support barrel, and an internal thread is provided on the inner surface of the insulating support barrel; the insulating adapter plate is located at the bottom of the inner side of the insulating support barrel, and an external thread begins to be provided on the outer circumferential surface of the insulating adapter plate, and the insulating adapter plate is fixedly connected to the insulating support barrel with threads; at the center of the bottom plate of the insulating support barrel and the center of the bottom plate of the metal support barrel, an insulating adapter plate is provided with an insulating adapter plate, and an insulating adapter plate is fixedly connected with the insulating support barrel with threads. A through hole for a second metal support rod is provided, and the top end of the second metal support rod is fixedly connected to the center of the lower surface of the insulating adapter plate; the electrode plate is located on the inner side of the insulating support barrel, and the metal guide support rod is evenly fixed on the lower surface of the electrode plate along the circumferential direction; guide holes are evenly provided on the insulating adapter plate along the circumferential direction, and the metal guide support rod passes through the guide holes and abuts and contacts with the upper surface of the bottom plate of the metal support barrel, and the metal support barrel is connected to the metal tank body through a wire; when the metal guide support rod abuts and contacts with the upper surface of the bottom plate of the metal support barrel, the upper surfaces of the metal support barrel, the insulating support barrel and the electrode plate are flush, and the electrode plate is grounded through the metal guide support rod, the metal support barrel and the metal tank body in sequence.

[0016] The finger-shaped electrode adjustment assembly comprises a finger-shaped electrode mounting guide frame, a first threaded pitch-adjusting slide rod, a second threaded pitch-adjusting slide rod, a first electrode pitch-adjusting nut, a second electrode pitch-adjusting nut, a first electrode lifting and lowering adjustment nut, and a second electrode lifting and lowering adjustment nut; the finger-shaped electrode mounting guide frame is horizontally fixed in the middle of the insulating support plate; the first threaded pitch-adjusting slide rod and the second threaded pitch-adjusting slide rod are respectively arranged at two ends of the finger-shaped electrode mounting guide frame, and the first threaded pitch-adjusting slide rod and the second threaded pitch-adjusting slide rod are coaxially distributed; the thread section of the first threaded pitch-adjusting slide rod extends to the outside of the finger-shaped electrode mounting guide frame The first electrode pitch-adjusting nut is threadedly mounted on the threaded section of the first threaded pitch-adjusting slide rod, a first nut limit seat is arranged on the outside of the first electrode pitch-adjusting nut, the first nut limit seat is fixedly connected to the finger-shaped electrode mounting guide frame and the insulating support plate, and the first electrode pitch-adjusting nut has only rotational freedom relative to the first nut limit seat; the slide rod section of the first threaded pitch-adjusting slide rod is located inside the finger-shaped electrode mounting guide frame, and the first threaded pitch-adjusting slide rod has only axial translational freedom relative to the finger-shaped electrode mounting guide frame; the first finger-shaped electrode adapter screw passes upward through the first threaded pitch-adjusting slide rod The sliding rod section of the sliding rod, the first electrode lifting adjustment nut is threadedly mounted on the adapter screw of the first finger-shaped electrode and is located inside the finger-shaped electrode mounting guide frame, and the first electrode lifting adjustment nut has only rotational freedom relative to the finger-shaped electrode mounting guide frame; the threaded section of the second threaded pitch-adjusting sliding rod extends to the outside of the finger-shaped electrode mounting guide frame, the second electrode pitch-adjusting nut is threadedly mounted on the threaded section of the second threaded pitch-adjusting sliding rod, a second nut limiting seat is arranged on the outside of the second electrode pitch-adjusting nut, and the second nut limiting seat is fixedly connected to the finger-shaped electrode mounting guide frame and the insulating support plate, The second electrode pitch-adjusting nut has only rotational freedom relative to the first nut limit seat; the slide rod section of the second threaded pitch-adjusting slide rod is located inside the finger-shaped electrode mounting guide frame, and the second threaded pitch-adjusting slide rod has only axial translational freedom relative to the finger-shaped electrode mounting guide frame; the adapter screw of the second finger-shaped electrode passes upward through the slide rod section of the second threaded pitch-adjusting slide rod, and the second electrode lifting and lowering adjustment nut is threadedly mounted on the adapter screw of the second finger-shaped electrode and is located inside the finger-shaped electrode mounting guide frame, and the second electrode lifting and lowering adjustment nut has only rotational freedom relative to the finger-shaped electrode mounting guide frame.

[0017] An insulating material flashover test method, using the insulating material flashover test device for measuring elements generated during the flashover process, comprises the following steps:

[0018] Step 1: Open the insulator cover, screw the first electrode pitch adjustment nut and the second electrode pitch adjustment nut to adjust the axial translation of the first threaded pitch adjustment slide rod and the second threaded pitch adjustment slide rod to complete the spacing adjustment of the first finger-shaped electrode and the second finger-shaped electrode; screw the first electrode lifting adjustment nut and the second electrode lifting adjustment nut to complete the height adjustment of the first finger-shaped electrode and the second finger-shaped electrode; then close the insulator cover;

[0019] Step 2: Open the observation window, and insert the insulating sample into the metal tank through the observation window until the insulating sample is placed on the flush upper surface of the metal support barrel, the insulating support barrel and the electrode plate, and then close the observation window;

[0020] Step 3: Fill the metal tank with insulating gas through the insulating gas injection port until the gas pressure reaches a set value, and then close the insulating gas injection port;

[0021] Step 4: Start the first translation driving mechanism to drive the combined support rod composed of the first insulating support rod and the first metal support rod to move into the metal can body until the needle electrode is driven to move to the top of the center of the insulating sample piece;

[0022] Step 5: starting the first DC power supply, applying a voltage between the needle electrode and the electrode plate, and applying the voltage for 10 to 30 minutes until the charge injection on the surface of the insulating sample piece is completed, and then turning off the first DC power supply;

[0023] Step 6: Reversely start the first translation driving mechanism to drive the combined support rod composed of the first insulating support rod and the first metal support rod to move toward the outside of the metal can body until the needle electrode is driven to leave from above the insulating sample piece and move back to the initial position;

[0024] Step 7: Start the second translation drive mechanism to drive the second insulating support rod to move into the metal tank until the electrostatic probe is driven to move to the top of the center of the insulating sample piece;

[0025] Step 8: Reversely start the second translation drive mechanism to drive the electrostatic probe to move from the center of the insulating sample piece to the position of the first inner circle measurement point, then start the rotary drive mechanism to drive the second metal support rod, the electrode plate and the insulating sample piece to rotate synchronously, and complete the charge measurement of the first inner circle measurement point through the electrostatic probe;

[0026] Step 9: Repeat step 8, and complete the charge measurement of all measurement points from the inside to the outside in accordance with the charge measurement process of the first circle of measurement points on the inner side of the insulating sample piece;

[0027] Step 10: After the charge measurement of the first circle of measurement points outside the insulating sample piece is completed, the second translation drive mechanism is started in the reverse direction to drive the second insulating support rod to move toward the outside of the metal tank body until the electrostatic probe leaves the insulating sample piece and moves back to the initial position;

[0028] Step 11: Start the lifting drive mechanism to drive the second metal support rod, the insulating adapter plate, the insulating support barrel and the insulating sample piece to rise synchronously. In the initial stage, the electrode plate and the metal guide support rod will still stay on the bottom plate of the metal support barrel under the action of gravity, and the electrode plate will be out of contact with the insulating sample piece until the insulating adapter plate contacts the electrode plate during the rising process, so that the electrode plate and the metal guide support rod are lifted off the bottom plate of the metal support barrel and rise with it until the insulating sample piece contacts the first finger-shaped electrode and the second finger-shaped electrode;

[0029] Step 12: Start the second DC power supply and apply voltage to the first finger-shaped electrode and the second finger-shaped electrode until a surface flashover phenomenon occurs;

[0030] Step 13: Shield the observation window from light to prevent external light from entering the metal tank body, so that only the surface of the insulating sample piece flashes inside the metal tank body;

[0031] Step 14: Activate the spectrometer, collect the surface flashover luminescence of the insulating sample piece through the spectrometer, and transmit the collected signal to the computer until the spectrum data is generated in the computer, and analyze the elements generated in the flashover process through the spectrum data;

[0032] Step 15: Turn off the second DC power supply, start the lifting drive mechanism in reverse, and drive the second metal support rod, the insulating adapter plate, the insulating support barrel, the insulating sample piece, the electrode plate and the metal guide support rod to descend synchronously. The insulating sample piece is separated from the first finger-shaped electrode and the second finger-shaped electrode. During the descent, the metal guide support rod first contacts the bottom plate of the metal support barrel. At this time, the electrode plate stops descending and returns to a flush state with the upper surface of the metal support barrel. Subsequently, the second metal support rod, the insulating adapter plate, the insulating support barrel and the insulating sample piece continue to descend until the insulating support barrel completely enters the interior of the metal support barrel, so that the insulating support barrel, the electrode plate and the upper surface of the metal support barrel are also flush with each other.

[0033] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0034] The insulating material flashover experimental device and method for measuring elements generated during the flashover process of the present invention can measure the elements generated during the flashover process, and have the ability to adjust the spacing and height of the finger electrodes, thereby broadening the research scope of the device; the supporting form of the insulating sample piece is optimized, and the grounding state of the electrode plate can be maintained during the charge injection stage, and the insulation state under the insulating sample piece can be maintained during the surface flashover stage, thereby avoiding additional discharge and improving the measurement accuracy of the surface flashover of the insulating sample piece. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] Figure 1It is a structural schematic diagram of the insulating material flashover experimental device (initial state) for measuring the elements generated during the flashover process of the present invention (viewing angle 1, overall);

[0036] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the insulating material flashover experimental device (initial state) for measuring the elements generated during the flashover process of the present invention (viewing angle 2, partial);

[0037] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the insulating material flashover experimental device (charge injection) for measuring the elements generated during the flashover process of the present invention (viewing angle 1, overall);

[0038] Figure 4 The schematic diagram of the structure of the insulating material flashover experimental device (charge measurement) for measuring the elements generated during the flashover process of the present invention (viewing angle 1, overall);

[0039] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of the insulating material flashover experimental device (surface flashover) for measuring elements generated during the flashover process of the present invention (viewing angle 1, overall);

[0040] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the structure of the insulating material flashover experimental device (flashover voltage and starting voltage measurement) for measuring the elements generated during the flashover process of the present invention (viewpoint 2, partial);

[0041] Figure 7 It is a structural schematic diagram of the finger-shaped electrode adjustment assembly (cross-section view) of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 8 It is a schematic structural diagram of the finger electrode adjustment assembly of the present invention (top view);

[0043] In the figure, 1 is a metal tank, 2 is an insulator cover, 3 is an insulating sample piece, 4 is a first insulating cover, 5 is a second insulating cover, 6 is a third insulating cover, 7 is an observation window, 8 is a high-voltage guide rod, 9 is an insulating gas injection port, 10 is a first DC power supply, 11 is a first resistor, 12 is a high-voltage guide column, 13 is a conductive spring sheet, 14 is a first insulating support rod, 15 is a first metal support rod, 16 is a needle electrode, 17 is a first translation drive mechanism, 18 is an electrostatic probe, 19 is a second insulating support rod, 20 is a second translation drive mechanism, 21 is a second DC power supply, 22 is a second resistor, 23 is an electrode plate, 24 is a second metal support rod, 25 is an insulating support Plate, 26—insulating bracket, 27—first finger-shaped electrode, 28—second finger-shaped electrode, 29—lifting drive mechanism, 30—rotating drive mechanism, 31—insulating support plate, 32—metal support barrel, 33—insulating support barrel, 34—insulating adapter plate, 35—metal guide support rod, 36—finger-shaped electrode mounting guide frame, 37—first threaded distance adjusting slide rod, 38—second threaded distance adjusting slide rod, 39—first electrode distance adjusting nut, 40—second electrode distance adjusting nut, 41—first electrode lifting and lowering adjustment nut, 42—second electrode lifting and lowering adjustment nut, 43—first nut limit seat, 44—second nut limit seat, 45—spectrometer, 46—computer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0045] like Figures 1 to 8 As shown, an insulating material flashover experimental device for measuring elements generated during the flashover process comprises a metal tank body 1, an insulator upper cover 2, an insulating sample piece 3, a charge injection component, a charge measurement component, a surface flashover component, a sample piece supporting component, a finger electrode adjustment component and a spectrometer 45; the insulator upper cover 2 is sealed and mounted at the upper tank mouth of the metal tank body 1, and four openings are arranged circumferentially in the middle of the side plate of the metal tank body 1, and the first insulating cover 4, the second insulating cover 5, the third insulating cover 6 and the observation window 7 are respectively fixed on the four openings; the first insulating cover 4 is used to equip the charge injection component, the second insulating cover 5, the third insulating cover 6 and the observation window 7 ... into the assembly; the second insulating cover 5 is used to equip the charge measurement assembly; the spectrometer 45 is fixedly mounted on the third insulating cover 6, and the signal output end of the spectrometer 45 is connected to the computer 46; a high-voltage guide rod 8 is vertically fixed at the center of the insulator upper cover 2; the surface flashover assembly is mounted between the high-voltage guide rod 8 and the bottom plate of the metal tank body 1, and an insulating gas injection port 9 is provided on the bottom plate of the metal tank body 1, and the metal tank body 1 is grounded through a wire; the sample piece supporting assembly and the finger electrode adjustment assembly are both arranged on the surface flashover assembly; the insulating sample piece 3 is arranged on the sample piece supporting assembly.

[0046] The insulating sample piece 3 has a circular structure, and a plurality of measuring points are marked on the upper surface of the insulating sample piece 3 .

[0047] The measuring points are distributed in multiple circles along the radial direction relative to the center of the insulating sample piece 3, and the measuring points on each circle are distributed at equal intervals along the circumferential direction.

[0048] The charge injection assembly includes a first DC power supply 10, a first resistor 11, a high-voltage guide post 12, a conductive spring 13, a first insulating support rod 14, a first metal support rod 15, a needle electrode 16 and a first translation drive mechanism 17; the positive electrode of the first DC power supply 10 is connected to one end of the first resistor 11 through a wire, and the other end of the first resistor 11 is connected to the high-voltage guide post 12 through a wire, the high-voltage guide post 12 is horizontally fixedly installed on the first insulating cover 4, one end of the high-voltage guide post 12 is located outside the metal tank body 1, and the other end of the high-voltage guide post 12 is located inside the metal tank body 1; the negative electrode of the first DC power supply 10 is grounded through a wire; the first insulating support rod 14 and the first metal support rod 15 are connected to the first metal support rod 16; the positive electrode of the first DC power supply 10 is connected to the first end of the first resistor 11 through a wire, and the other end of the first resistor 11 is connected to the high-voltage guide post 12 through a wire; the high-voltage guide post 12 is horizontally fixedly installed on the first insulating cover 4, and the high-voltage guide post 12 is located outside the metal tank body 1, and the other end of the high-voltage guide post 12 is located inside the metal tank body 1; the negative electrode of the first DC power supply 10 is grounded through a wire; the first insulating support rod 14 and the first metal support rod 15 are connected to the first metal support rod 16; the positive electrode of the first DC power supply 10 is connected to the first end of the first resistor 11 through a wire; the first end of the first resistor 11 is connected to the first metal support rod 15; the first end of the first resistor 11 is connected to the first metal support rod 15; the first end of the first resistor 11 is connected to the first metal support rod 15; the The rod 15 is coaxially fixed to form a combined support rod, which horizontally seals and passes through the first insulating cover 4. The combined support rod has axial freedom of movement relative to the first insulating cover 4, and one end of the first metal support rod 15 in the combined support rod always extends into the interior of the metal tank body 1; the needle electrode 16 is vertically fixed to the end of the first metal support rod 15 located inside the metal tank body 1; one end of the conductive spring sheet 13 is fixed to the end of the high-voltage guide column 12 located inside the metal tank body 1, and the other end of the conductive spring sheet 13 overlaps and conducts with the first metal support rod 15; the first translation drive mechanism 17 is located outside the metal tank body 1, and the first insulating support rod 14 in the combined support rod is connected to the first translation drive mechanism 17.

[0049] The charge measurement component includes an electrostatic probe 18, a second insulating support rod 19 and a second translation drive mechanism 20; the second insulating support rod 19 is horizontally sealed and passes through the second insulating cover 5, and the second insulating support rod 19 has axial movement freedom relative to the second insulating cover 5; the electrostatic probe 18 is vertically fixed on the end of the second insulating support rod 19 located inside the metal tank body 1; the second translation drive mechanism 20 is located outside the metal tank body 1, and the other end of the second insulating support rod 19 is connected to the second translation drive mechanism 20.

[0050] The surface flashover assembly comprises a second DC power supply 21, a second resistor 22, a second metal support rod 24, an insulating support plate 25, an insulating bracket 26, a first finger-shaped electrode 27, a second finger-shaped electrode 28, a lifting drive mechanism 29 and a rotating drive mechanism 30; the positive electrode of the second DC power supply 21 is connected to one end of the second resistor 22 through a wire, and the other end of the second resistor 22 is connected to the high-voltage guide rod 8 at the center of the insulator cover 2 through a wire; the second metal support rod 24 vertically seals through the bottom plate of the metal tank body 1, and the second metal support rod 24 has axial freedom of movement relative to the bottom plate of the metal tank body 1; the sample piece supporting assembly is located between the second metal support rod 24 and the insulating sample piece 3; the insulating support plate 25 It is horizontally arranged just above the insulating sample piece 3, and the insulating support plate 25 is fixedly connected to the bottom plate of the metal tank body 1 through the insulating bracket 26; the first finger-shaped electrode 27 and the second finger-shaped electrode 28 are arranged in parallel on the finger-shaped electrode adjustment component, and the finger-shaped electrode adjustment component is arranged on the insulating support plate 25; the first finger-shaped electrode 27 is connected to the high-voltage guide rod 8 through a wire, and the second finger-shaped electrode 28 is connected to the metal tank body 1 through a wire, and the second finger-shaped electrode 28 is grounded through the metal tank body 1; the lifting drive mechanism 29 and the rotary drive mechanism 30 are located outside the metal tank body 1, and the rotary drive mechanism 30 is installed on the lifting drive mechanism 29, and the lower end of the second metal support rod 24 is connected to the rotary drive mechanism 30.

[0051] The specimen support assembly includes an insulating support plate 31, a metal support barrel 32, an insulating support barrel 33, an insulating adapter plate 34, an electrode plate 23 and a metal guide support rod 35; the insulating support plate 31 is located directly below the insulating support plate 25, the insulating support plate 31 is fixedly connected to the insulating bracket 26, a circular opening is provided at the center of the insulating support plate 31, and the metal support barrel 32 is fixedly installed in the circular opening at the center of the insulating support plate 31; the insulating support barrel 33 is located on the inner side of the metal support barrel 32, and an internal thread is provided on the inner surface of the insulating support barrel 33; the insulating adapter plate 34 is located at the inner bottom of the insulating support barrel 33, and an external thread begins to be provided on the outer circumferential surface of the insulating adapter plate 34, and the insulating adapter plate 34 is threadedly fixedly connected to the insulating support barrel 33; at the center of the bottom plate of the insulating support barrel 33 and the bottom of the metal support barrel 32, an insulating adapter plate 34 is provided with an insulating adapter plate 34, and an insulating adapter plate 34 is threadedly fixedly connected to the insulating support barrel 33. The center of each plate is provided with a through hole for the second metal support rod 24, and the top end of the second metal support rod 24 is fixedly connected to the center of the lower surface of the insulating adapter plate 34; the electrode plate 23 is located on the inner side of the insulating support barrel 33, and the metal guide support rod 35 is evenly fixed on the lower surface of the electrode plate 23 along the circumferential direction; guide holes are evenly opened on the insulating adapter plate 34 along the circumferential direction, and the metal guide support rod 35 passes through the guide holes and abuts and contacts with the upper surface of the bottom plate of the metal support barrel 32, and the metal support barrel 32 is connected to the metal tank body 1 through a wire; when the metal guide support rod 35 abuts and contacts with the upper surface of the bottom plate of the metal support barrel 32, the upper surfaces of the metal support barrel 32, the insulating support barrel 33 and the electrode plate 23 are flush, and the electrode plate 23 is grounded through the metal guide support rod 35, the metal support barrel 32 and the metal tank body 1 in turn.

[0052] The finger-shaped electrode adjustment assembly includes a finger-shaped electrode mounting guide frame 36, a first threaded pitch adjustment slide rod 37, a second threaded pitch adjustment slide rod 38, a first electrode pitch adjustment nut 39, a second electrode pitch adjustment nut 40, a first electrode lifting adjustment nut 41 and a second electrode lifting adjustment nut 42; the finger-shaped electrode mounting guide frame 36 is horizontally fixed in the middle of the insulating support plate 25; the first threaded pitch adjustment slide rod 37 and the second threaded pitch adjustment slide rod 38 are respectively arranged at both ends of the finger-shaped electrode mounting guide frame 36, and the first threaded pitch adjustment slide rod 37 and the second threaded pitch adjustment slide rod 38 are coaxially distributed; the thread section of the first threaded pitch adjustment slide rod 37 extends to the finger-shaped electrode mounting guide frame 36, the first electrode pitch-adjusting nut 39 is threadedly mounted on the threaded section of the first threaded pitch-adjusting slide rod 37, and a first nut limit seat 43 is arranged on the outside of the first electrode pitch-adjusting nut 39, and the first nut limit seat 43 is fixedly connected to the finger-shaped electrode mounting guide frame 36 and the insulating support plate 25, and the first electrode pitch-adjusting nut 39 has only rotational freedom relative to the first nut limit seat 43; the slide rod section of the first threaded pitch-adjusting slide rod 37 is located inside the finger-shaped electrode mounting guide frame 36, and the first threaded pitch-adjusting slide rod 37 has only axial translational freedom relative to the finger-shaped electrode mounting guide frame 36; the transfer screw of the first finger-shaped electrode 27 passes upward through the first threaded The slide rod section of the pitch-adjusting slide rod 37, the first electrode lifting adjustment nut 41 is threadedly mounted on the transfer screw of the first finger-shaped electrode 27 and is located inside the finger-shaped electrode mounting guide frame 36, and the first electrode lifting adjustment nut 41 has only rotational freedom relative to the finger-shaped electrode mounting guide frame 36; the threaded section of the second threaded pitch-adjusting slide rod 38 extends to the outside of the finger-shaped electrode mounting guide frame 36, and the second electrode pitch-adjusting nut 40 is threadedly mounted on the threaded section of the second threaded pitch-adjusting slide rod 38, and a second nut limiting seat 44 is arranged on the outside of the second electrode pitch-adjusting nut 40, and the second nut limiting seat 44 is fixed to the finger-shaped electrode mounting guide frame 36 and the insulating support plate 25 The second electrode pitch-adjusting nut 40 has only rotational freedom relative to the first nut limit seat 43; the slide section of the second threaded pitch-adjusting slide rod 38 is located inside the finger-shaped electrode mounting guide frame 36, and the second threaded pitch-adjusting slide rod 38 has only axial translational freedom relative to the finger-shaped electrode mounting guide frame 36; the adapter screw of the second finger-shaped electrode 28 passes upward through the slide section of the second threaded pitch-adjusting slide rod 38, and the second electrode lifting and lowering adjustment nut 42 is threadedly mounted on the adapter screw of the second finger-shaped electrode 28 and is located inside the finger-shaped electrode mounting guide frame 36, and the second electrode lifting and lowering adjustment nut 42 has only rotational freedom relative to the finger-shaped electrode mounting guide frame 36.

[0053] In this embodiment, the first translation drive mechanism 17, the second translation drive mechanism 20 and the lifting drive mechanism 29 all adopt motor-driven nut slider guide mechanisms, and the rotary drive mechanism 30 directly adopts an electric motor; a total of 29 circles of measuring points are arranged on the upper surface of the insulating sample piece 3, and the number of measuring points on each circle is 80, so that the total number of measuring points on the upper surface of the insulating sample piece 3 is 2320.

[0054] An insulating material flashover test method, using the insulating material flashover test device for measuring elements generated during the flashover process, comprises the following steps:

[0055] Step 1: Open the insulator upper cover 2, screw the first electrode pitch adjustment nut 39 and the second electrode pitch adjustment nut 40 to adjust the axial translation of the first thread pitch adjustment slide bar 37 and the second thread pitch adjustment slide bar 38 to complete the spacing adjustment of the first finger electrode 27 and the second finger electrode 28; screw the first electrode lifting adjustment nut 41 and the second electrode lifting adjustment nut 42 to complete the height adjustment of the first finger electrode 27 and the second finger electrode 28; then close the insulator upper cover 2;

[0056] Step 2: Open the observation window 7, and feed the insulating sample piece 3 into the metal can body 1 through the observation window 7 until the insulating sample piece 3 is placed on the flush upper surface of the metal support barrel 32, the insulating support barrel 33 and the electrode plate 23, and then close the observation window 7;

[0057] Step 3: Insulating gas is filled into the metal tank body 1 through the insulating gas injection port 9 until the gas pressure reaches a set value, and then the insulating gas injection port 9 is closed;

[0058] Step 4: Start the first translation driving mechanism 17 to drive the combined support rod composed of the first insulating support rod 14 and the first metal support rod 15 to move into the metal can body 1 until the needle electrode 16 is driven to move to the center of the insulating sample piece 3;

[0059] Step 5: Start the first DC power supply 10, apply voltage between the needle electrode 16 and the electrode plate 23, and apply the voltage for 10 to 30 minutes until the charge injection is completed on the surface of the insulating sample piece 3, and then turn off the first DC power supply 10;

[0060] Step 6: Reversely start the first translation driving mechanism 17 to drive the combined support rod composed of the first insulating support rod 14 and the first metal support rod 15 to move toward the outside of the metal can body 1, until the needle electrode 16 is driven to leave from above the insulating sample piece 3 and move back to the initial position;

[0061] Step 7: Start the second translation drive mechanism 20 to drive the second insulating support rod 19 to move into the metal can body 1 until the electrostatic probe 18 is driven to move to the center of the insulating sample piece 3;

[0062] Step 8: Reversely start the second translation drive mechanism 20 to drive the electrostatic probe 18 to move from the center of the insulating sample piece 3 to the position of the inner first circle measurement point, then start the rotary drive mechanism 30 to drive the second metal support rod 24, the electrode plate 23 and the insulating sample piece 3 to rotate synchronously, and complete the charge measurement of the inner first circle measurement point through the electrostatic probe 18;

[0063] Step 9: Repeat step 8, and complete the charge measurement of all measurement points from the inside to the outside in accordance with the charge measurement process of the first circle of measurement points on the inner side of the insulating sample piece 3;

[0064] Step 10: After the charge measurement of the first circle of measurement points outside the insulating sample piece 3 is completed, the second translation drive mechanism 20 is started in the reverse direction to drive the second insulating support rod 19 to move toward the outside of the metal can body 1 until the electrostatic probe 18 leaves the insulating sample piece 3 and moves back to the initial position;

[0065] Step 11: Start the lifting drive mechanism 29 to drive the second metal support rod 24, the insulating adapter plate 34, the insulating support barrel 33 and the insulating sample piece 3 to rise synchronously. In the initial stage, the electrode plate 23 and the metal guide support rod 35 will still stay on the bottom plate of the metal support barrel 32 under the action of gravity, and the electrode plate 23 will be out of contact with the insulating sample piece 3 until the insulating adapter plate 34 contacts the electrode plate 23 during the rising process, so that the electrode plate 23 and the metal guide support rod 35 are lifted off the bottom plate of the metal support barrel 32 and rise with it until the insulating sample piece 3 contacts the first finger-shaped electrode 27 and the second finger-shaped electrode 28;

[0066] Step 12: Start the second DC power supply 21 and apply voltage to the first finger-shaped electrode 27 and the second finger-shaped electrode 28 until a surface flashover phenomenon occurs;

[0067] Step 13: Shield the observation window 7 from light to prevent external light from entering the metal can body 1, so that only the surface flashing light of the insulating sample piece 3 is visible inside the metal can body 1;

[0068] Step 14: Activate the spectrometer 45, collect the surface flashover light of the insulating sample piece 3 through the spectrometer 45, and transmit the collected signal to the computer 46 until the spectrum data is generated in the computer 46, and analyze the elements generated in the flashover process through the spectrum data;

[0069] Step 15: Turn off the second DC power supply 21, start the lifting drive mechanism 29 in reverse, and drive the second metal support rod 24, the insulating adapter plate 34, the insulating support barrel 33, the insulating sample piece 3, the electrode plate 23 and the metal guide support rod 35 to descend synchronously, and the insulating sample piece 3 is separated from the first finger-shaped electrode 27 and the second finger-shaped electrode 28. During the descent, the metal guide support rod 35 first contacts the bottom plate of the metal support barrel 32. At this time, the electrode plate 23 stops descending and returns to a flush state with the upper surface of the metal support barrel 32. Subsequently, the second metal support rod 24, the insulating adapter plate 34, the insulating support barrel 33 and the insulating sample piece 3 continue to descend until the insulating support barrel 33 completely enters the interior of the metal support barrel 32, so that the insulating support barrel 33 and the upper surfaces of the electrode plate 23 and the metal support barrel 32 are also restored to a flush state.

[0070] The above experimental process can be repeated according to experimental needs. The difference is that the spacing and height between the first finger-shaped electrode 27 and the second finger-shaped electrode 28 can be adjusted, and the type and pressure of the insulating gas filled into the metal can body 1 can be adjusted to verify the influence of the insulating gas environment under different electrode spacings and heights and different types and pressures on the surface flashover characteristics of the insulating medium.

[0071] The solutions in the embodiments are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention. All equivalent implementations or changes that do not deviate from the present invention are included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An insulating material flashover experimental device for measuring elements generated during the flashover process, characterized in that: It comprises a metal tank body, an insulator upper cover, an insulating sample piece, a charge injection assembly, a charge measurement assembly, a surface flashover assembly, a sample piece supporting assembly, a finger electrode adjustment assembly and a spectrometer; the sealing buckle of the insulator upper cover is installed at the upper tank mouth of the metal tank body, four openings are arranged circumferentially in the middle of the side plate of the metal tank body, and the first insulating cover, the second insulating cover, the third insulating cover and the observation window are fixedly installed on the four openings respectively; the first insulating cover is used to fit the charge injection assembly; the second insulating cover is used to fit the charge measurement assembly; the spectrometer is fixedly installed on the third insulating cover, and the signal output end of the spectrometer is connected to a computer; a high-voltage guide rod is vertically fixed at the center of the insulator upper cover; the surface flashover assembly is installed between the high-voltage guide rod and the bottom plate of the metal tank body, an insulating gas injection port is provided on the bottom plate of the metal tank body, and the metal tank body is grounded through a wire; the sample piece supporting assembly and the finger electrode adjustment assembly are both arranged on the surface flashover assembly; the insulating sample piece is arranged on the sample piece supporting assembly.

2. The insulating material flashover experimental device for measuring elements generated during the flashover process according to claim 1, characterized in that: The insulating sample piece adopts a circular structure, and a plurality of measuring points are marked on the upper surface of the insulating sample piece.

3. The insulating material flashover experimental device for measuring elements generated during the flashover process according to claim 2, characterized in that: The measuring points are distributed in a plurality of circles along the radial direction relative to the center of the insulating sample piece, and the measuring points on each circle are distributed at equal intervals along the circumferential direction.

4. The insulating material flashover experimental device for measuring elements generated during the flashover process according to claim 1, characterized in that: The charge injection assembly includes a first DC power supply, a first resistor, a high-voltage guide post, a conductive spring, a first insulating support rod, a first metal support rod, a needle electrode and a first translation drive mechanism; the positive electrode of the first DC power supply is connected to one end of the first resistor through a wire, and the other end of the first resistor is connected to the high-voltage guide post through a wire, the high-voltage guide post is horizontally fixedly installed on the first insulating cover, one end of the high-voltage guide post is located outside the metal tank body, and the other end of the high-voltage guide post is located inside the metal tank body; the negative electrode of the first DC power supply is grounded through a wire; the first insulating support rod is coaxially fixed to the first metal support rod The invention relates to a combined support rod, which is horizontally sealed and passes through a first insulating cover. The combined support rod has axial freedom of movement relative to the first insulating cover. One end of the first metal support rod in the combined support rod always extends into the interior of the metal tank body. The needle electrode is vertically fixed to the end of the first metal support rod located inside the metal tank body. One end of the conductive spring sheet is fixed to the end of the high-voltage guide column located inside the metal tank body, and the other end of the conductive spring sheet overlaps and conducts with the first metal support rod. The first translation drive mechanism is located outside the metal tank body, and the first insulating support rod in the combined support rod is connected to the first translation drive mechanism.

5. The insulating material flashover experimental device for measuring elements generated during the flashover process according to claim 1, characterized in that: The charge measurement component includes an electrostatic probe, a second insulating support rod and a second translation drive mechanism; the second insulating support rod is horizontally sealed and passes through the second insulating cover, and the second insulating support rod has axial movement freedom relative to the second insulating cover; the electrostatic probe is vertically fixed on the end of the second insulating support rod located inside the metal tank body; the second translation drive mechanism is located outside the metal tank body, and the other end of the second insulating support rod is connected to the second translation drive mechanism.

6. The insulating material flashover experimental device for measuring elements generated during the flashover process according to claim 1, characterized in that: The surface flashover assembly includes a second DC power supply, a second resistor, a second metal support rod, an insulating support plate, an insulating bracket, a first finger-shaped electrode, a second finger-shaped electrode, a lifting drive mechanism and a rotating drive mechanism; the positive electrode of the second DC power supply is connected to one end of the second resistor through a wire, and the other end of the second resistor is connected to the high-voltage guide rod at the center of the insulator cover through a wire; the second metal support rod vertically seals through the bottom plate of the metal tank body, and the second metal support rod has axial freedom of movement relative to the bottom plate of the metal tank body; the sample piece supporting assembly is located between the second metal support rod and the insulating sample piece; the insulating support plate is horizontal It is arranged just above the insulating sample piece, and the insulating support plate is fixedly connected to the bottom plate of the metal tank body through an insulating bracket; the first finger-shaped electrode and the second finger-shaped electrode are arranged in parallel on the finger-shaped electrode adjustment assembly, and the finger-shaped electrode adjustment assembly is arranged on the insulating support plate; the first finger-shaped electrode is connected to the high-voltage guide rod through a wire, and the second finger-shaped electrode is connected to the metal tank body through a wire, and the second finger-shaped electrode is grounded through the metal tank body; the lifting drive mechanism and the rotary drive mechanism are located outside the metal tank body, the rotary drive mechanism is installed on the lifting drive mechanism, and the lower end of the second metal support rod is connected to the rotary drive mechanism.

7. The insulating material flashover experimental device for measuring elements generated during the flashover process according to claim 6, characterized in that: The specimen support assembly comprises an insulating support plate, a metal support barrel, an insulating support barrel, an insulating adapter plate, an electrode plate and a metal guide support rod; the insulating support plate is located directly below the insulating support plate, the insulating support plate is fixedly connected to the insulating bracket, a circular opening is provided at the center of the insulating support plate, and the metal support barrel is fixedly installed in the circular opening at the center of the insulating support plate; the insulating support barrel is located inside the metal support barrel, and an internal thread is provided on the inner surface of the insulating support barrel; the insulating adapter plate is located at the bottom of the inner side of the insulating support barrel, and an external thread begins to be provided on the outer circumferential surface of the insulating adapter plate, and the insulating adapter plate is fixedly connected to the insulating support barrel with threads; at the center of the bottom plate of the insulating support barrel and the center of the bottom plate of the metal support barrel, an insulating adapter plate is provided with an insulating adapter plate, and an insulating adapter plate is fixedly connected with the insulating support barrel with threads. A through hole for a second metal support rod is provided, and the top end of the second metal support rod is fixedly connected to the center of the lower surface of the insulating adapter plate; the electrode plate is located on the inner side of the insulating support barrel, and the metal guide support rod is evenly fixed on the lower surface of the electrode plate along the circumferential direction; guide holes are evenly provided on the insulating adapter plate along the circumferential direction, and the metal guide support rod passes through the guide holes and abuts and contacts with the upper surface of the bottom plate of the metal support barrel, and the metal support barrel is connected to the metal tank body through a wire; when the metal guide support rod abuts and contacts with the upper surface of the bottom plate of the metal support barrel, the upper surfaces of the metal support barrel, the insulating support barrel and the electrode plate are flush, and the electrode plate is grounded through the metal guide support rod, the metal support barrel and the metal tank body in sequence.

8. The insulating material flashover experimental device for measuring elements generated during the flashover process according to claim 6, characterized in that: The finger-shaped electrode adjustment assembly comprises a finger-shaped electrode mounting guide frame, a first threaded pitch-adjusting slide rod, a second threaded pitch-adjusting slide rod, a first electrode pitch-adjusting nut, a second electrode pitch-adjusting nut, a first electrode lifting and lowering adjustment nut, and a second electrode lifting and lowering adjustment nut; the finger-shaped electrode mounting guide frame is horizontally fixed in the middle of the insulating support plate; the first threaded pitch-adjusting slide rod and the second threaded pitch-adjusting slide rod are respectively arranged at two ends of the finger-shaped electrode mounting guide frame, and the first threaded pitch-adjusting slide rod and the second threaded pitch-adjusting slide rod are coaxially distributed; the thread section of the first threaded pitch-adjusting slide rod extends to the outside of the finger-shaped electrode mounting guide frame The first electrode pitch-adjusting nut is threadedly mounted on the threaded section of the first threaded pitch-adjusting slide rod, a first nut limit seat is arranged on the outside of the first electrode pitch-adjusting nut, the first nut limit seat is fixedly connected to the finger-shaped electrode mounting guide frame and the insulating support plate, and the first electrode pitch-adjusting nut has only rotational freedom relative to the first nut limit seat; the slide rod section of the first threaded pitch-adjusting slide rod is located inside the finger-shaped electrode mounting guide frame, and the first threaded pitch-adjusting slide rod has only axial translational freedom relative to the finger-shaped electrode mounting guide frame; the first finger-shaped electrode adapter screw passes upward through the first threaded pitch-adjusting slide rod The sliding rod section of the sliding rod, the first electrode lifting adjustment nut is threadedly mounted on the adapter screw of the first finger-shaped electrode and is located inside the finger-shaped electrode mounting guide frame, and the first electrode lifting adjustment nut has only rotational freedom relative to the finger-shaped electrode mounting guide frame; the threaded section of the second threaded pitch-adjusting sliding rod extends to the outside of the finger-shaped electrode mounting guide frame, the second electrode pitch-adjusting nut is threadedly mounted on the threaded section of the second threaded pitch-adjusting sliding rod, a second nut limiting seat is arranged on the outside of the second electrode pitch-adjusting nut, and the second nut limiting seat is fixedly connected to the finger-shaped electrode mounting guide frame and the insulating support plate, The second electrode pitch-adjusting nut has only rotational freedom relative to the first nut limit seat; the slide rod section of the second threaded pitch-adjusting slide rod is located inside the finger-shaped electrode mounting guide frame, and the second threaded pitch-adjusting slide rod has only axial translational freedom relative to the finger-shaped electrode mounting guide frame; the adapter screw of the second finger-shaped electrode passes upward through the slide rod section of the second threaded pitch-adjusting slide rod, and the second electrode lifting and lowering adjustment nut is threadedly mounted on the adapter screw of the second finger-shaped electrode and is located inside the finger-shaped electrode mounting guide frame, and the second electrode lifting and lowering adjustment nut has only rotational freedom relative to the finger-shaped electrode mounting guide frame.

9. An insulating material flashover test method, using the insulating material flashover test device for measuring elements generated during the flashover process as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The steps include: Step 1: Open the insulator cover, screw the first electrode pitch adjustment nut and the second electrode pitch adjustment nut to adjust the axial translation of the first threaded pitch adjustment slide rod and the second threaded pitch adjustment slide rod to complete the spacing adjustment of the first finger-shaped electrode and the second finger-shaped electrode; screw the first electrode lifting adjustment nut and the second electrode lifting adjustment nut to complete the height adjustment of the first finger-shaped electrode and the second finger-shaped electrode; then close the insulator cover; Step 2: Open the observation window, and insert the insulating sample into the metal tank through the observation window until the insulating sample is placed on the flush upper surface of the metal support barrel, the insulating support barrel and the electrode plate, and then close the observation window; Step 3: Fill the metal tank with insulating gas through the insulating gas injection port until the gas pressure reaches a set value, and then close the insulating gas injection port; Step 4: Start the first translation driving mechanism to drive the combined support rod composed of the first insulating support rod and the first metal support rod to move into the metal can body until the needle electrode is driven to move to the top of the center of the insulating sample piece; Step 5: starting the first DC power supply, applying a voltage between the needle electrode and the electrode plate, and applying the voltage for 10 to 30 minutes until the charge injection on the surface of the insulating sample piece is completed, and then turning off the first DC power supply; Step 6: Reversely start the first translation driving mechanism to drive the combined support rod composed of the first insulating support rod and the first metal support rod to move toward the outside of the metal can body until the needle electrode is driven to leave from above the insulating sample piece and move back to the initial position; Step 7: Start the second translation drive mechanism to drive the second insulating support rod to move into the metal tank until the electrostatic probe is driven to move to the top of the center of the insulating sample piece; Step 8: Reversely start the second translation drive mechanism to drive the electrostatic probe to move from the center of the insulating sample piece to the position of the first inner circle measurement point, then start the rotary drive mechanism to drive the second metal support rod, the electrode plate and the insulating sample piece to rotate synchronously, and complete the charge measurement of the first inner circle measurement point through the electrostatic probe; Step 9: Repeat step 8, and complete the charge measurement of all measurement points from the inside to the outside in accordance with the charge measurement process of the first circle of measurement points on the inner side of the insulating sample piece; Step 10: After the charge measurement of the first circle of measurement points outside the insulating sample piece is completed, the second translation drive mechanism is started in the reverse direction to drive the second insulating support rod to move toward the outside of the metal tank body until the electrostatic probe leaves the insulating sample piece and moves back to the initial position; Step 11: Start the lifting drive mechanism to drive the second metal support rod, the insulating adapter plate, the insulating support barrel and the insulating sample piece to rise synchronously. In the initial stage, the electrode plate and the metal guide support rod will still stay on the bottom plate of the metal support barrel under the action of gravity, and the electrode plate will be out of contact with the insulating sample piece until the insulating adapter plate contacts the electrode plate during the rising process, so that the electrode plate and the metal guide support rod are lifted off the bottom plate of the metal support barrel and rise with it until the insulating sample piece contacts the first finger-shaped electrode and the second finger-shaped electrode; Step 12: Start the second DC power supply and apply voltage to the first finger-shaped electrode and the second finger-shaped electrode until a surface flashover phenomenon occurs; Step 13: Shield the observation window from light to prevent external light from entering the metal tank body, so that only the surface of the insulating sample piece flashes inside the metal tank body; Step 14: Activate the spectrometer, collect the surface flashover luminescence of the insulating sample piece through the spectrometer, and transmit the collected signal to the computer until the spectrum data is generated in the computer, and analyze the elements generated in the flashover process through the spectrum data; Step 15: Turn off the second DC power supply, start the lifting drive mechanism in reverse, and drive the second metal support rod, the insulating adapter plate, the insulating support barrel, the insulating sample piece, the electrode plate and the metal guide support rod to descend synchronously. The insulating sample piece is separated from the first finger-shaped electrode and the second finger-shaped electrode. During the descent, the metal guide support rod first contacts the bottom plate of the metal support barrel. At this time, the electrode plate stops descending and returns to a flush state with the upper surface of the metal support barrel. Subsequently, the second metal support rod, the insulating adapter plate, the insulating support barrel and the insulating sample piece continue to descend until the insulating support barrel completely enters the interior of the metal support barrel, so that the insulating support barrel, the electrode plate and the upper surface of the metal support barrel are also flush with each other.

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