Experimental device and method for simulating partial spontaneous burst of dam

Abstract

The invention provides an experimental device and method for simulating spontaneous burst of a dam part, the experimental device comprises an experimental water tank, the experimental water tank is supported and mounted at the top of a water tank bracket, a dam body is arranged in the experimental water tank, and a plurality of breaches with different shapes and sizes are formed in the dam body through cutting. A breach-shaped body used for temporarily plugging the breach is correspondingly arranged at the position where the breach is located; a tongue-and-groove seam is formed in the inner side wall of the experimental water tank, and the position where the tongue-and-groove seam is located is used for installing a blasting glass sheet; the water inlet end of the experimental water tank is provided with a reservoir, the reservoir is provided with a gate, the water outlet end of the experimental water tank is provided with a ground reservoir, and the top of the experimental water tank is provided with monitoring equipment for monitoring the experimental process. According to the device and the method, single-point and multi-point instantaneous spontaneous burst of the dam can be simulated, the shape and the size of a breach and the burst position can be self-defined, and the device and the method are applicable to experimental devices of water tanks with various sizes so as to solve the problems and defects in the prior art.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of dam simulation experiments, and in particular to an experimental device and method for simulating partial spontaneous collapse of a dam. Background Art

[0002] Reservoir dams are not only affected by force majeure factors such as rainstorms and floods, crustal movement, war, and terrorist attacks, as well as human factors such as design and construction, management and operation, and human damage. At the same time, downstream reservoirs are also affected by upstream water conservancy projects, etc., which pose safety hazards. When the hidden dangers develop to a certain extent, they may cause different conditions of collapse. The occurrence of dam collapse events is extremely dangerous. Once the dam fails, the collapsed flood will rapidly discharge. The discharged flood carries huge energy, posing a great threat to the safety of life and property of residents downstream of the reservoir area and basic engineering facilities.

[0003] Therefore, analyzing and studying the water flow conditions upstream and downstream of the dam site when a reservoir fails and the water flow movement characteristics under different conditions such as the shape, size, and position of the breach when the dam body partially collapses, can provide experimental data support for the study of instantaneous partial collapse of reservoir dams, and thereby predict the destructive effects that may be caused by flood discharge, which is of great significance for disaster prevention and mitigation and the protection of people’s lives and property.

[0004] The existing laboratory simulation instantaneous dam break test equipment mainly simulates the water retaining effect of the dam body by setting gates, and simulates the instantaneous dam break process by opening the gates. The gate opening includes three main forms: gate lifting, gate falling by weight, and gate opening and closing controlled by the gate electric control device.

[0005] First, it takes a process to raise the gate. During the process, the water in the lower part of the reservoir flows out first, and the water in the upper part flows out later. This is inconsistent with the design conditions of instantaneous dam failure in reality. In addition, the upward lifting of the gate will cause water jumps under the gate and disturbances in the upstream water body, which will bring systematic errors to the experiment. Moreover, the gate lifting cannot achieve dam-break flood simulation with multiple breach points.

[0006] Secondly, the gate is opened instantly by pulling down a heavy object. Although it can simulate the design condition of instantaneous dam collapse in reality, the gate is opened instantly mainly by pulling down a heavy object. The falling of a heavy object can easily cause the water tank to vibrate, affecting the accuracy of experimental data collection and causing leakage in the water tank. The gate needs to be returned to its original position by manual pressure or by its own weight, which can cause vibration in the experimental water tank, easily causing the seal to loosen. The gate's heavy weight is not conducive to its rapid opening.

[0007] Third, the simulation of multi-point breach mainly relies on the opening and closing gates controlled by motors, and the simulated breach shape and position cannot be changed. In the simulation of multi-point breach, multiple pairs of gates rely on electric control devices to control the opening of the gates. It is difficult for multiple pairs of gates to quickly open the required simulated breach gates at the same moment, so it is difficult to simulate the flow characteristics of the multi-point instantaneous breach of the dam body in real conditions. In addition, water seepage problems may occur between the gates due to repeated operations, affecting the accuracy of the experiment. In addition, the design and production of the experimental model are complex and costly.

[0008] Existing devices simulate instantaneous breach processes by setting up gates. The breach locations are generally overtopping or other fixed locations, and the breach shapes are basically regular squares. It is impossible to simulate the changes in the breach shape, size, and position. The triggering mechanism of the breach simulates the occurrence of the breach by the instantaneous opening of the gates. There are certain differences in the water flow characteristics from those of naturally occurring breaches.

[0009] Due to the fast flow velocity, drastic changes and discontinuous water level distribution of dam breach floods, the flow field changes caused by different breach shapes, sizes and breach locations are different. There are more changes in the water flow characteristics under spontaneous breach conditions. However, the current understanding of the mechanism of flood flow under spontaneous breach conditions is still not in-depth enough. Therefore, it is necessary to simulate dam breach floods with different breach shapes, sizes and locations under spontaneous breach conditions in the laboratory to gain an in-depth understanding of the laws of water flow movement. Summary of the invention

[0010] In response to the above problems, the present invention provides an experimental device and method for simulating partial spontaneous breach of a dam. This device and method can simulate single-point or multi-point instantaneous spontaneous breach of a dam, can customize the breach shape and size and breach location, and can be applied to experimental devices of water tanks of various sizes to solve the problems and deficiencies existing in the prior art.

[0011] In order to realize the above-mentioned technical features, the purpose of the present invention is achieved as follows: an experimental device for simulating spontaneous partial collapse of a dam, comprising an experimental water tank, the experimental water tank support is installed on the top of the water tank bracket, a dam body is arranged inside the experimental water tank, a plurality of breaches of different shapes and sizes are formed on the dam body by cutting, and breach-shaped bodies for temporarily blocking the breaches are arranged corresponding to the locations of the breaches; a tongue-and-groove seam is arranged on the inner wall of the experimental water tank, and the location of the tongue-and-groove seam is used to install blasting glass pieces; a water reservoir is installed at the water inlet end of the experimental water tank, a gate is arranged on the water reservoir, a ground water reservoir is installed at the water outlet end of the experimental water tank, and a monitoring device for monitoring the experimental process is arranged on the top of the experimental water tank.

[0012] The shape of the dam body can be designed in various shapes and sizes according to experimental requirements; The breach is designed into various shapes and sizes according to experimental requirements; The water retaining surface of the breach-shaped body is a smooth surface, and a breach pull ring is fixedly installed at the center of gravity of the back-water surface.

[0013] The dam body is made of ABS plastic and printed using 3D printing technology.

[0014] The specific shape and size of the experimental water tank are determined according to the shape and size of the prefabricated dam body, and the position of the dam body in the experimental water tank is determined and marked.

[0015] The experimental water tank is made of organic glass material and is printed using 3D printing technology.

[0016] The water reservoir is connected with a water inlet pipe for water supply, and a water inlet valve is installed on the water inlet pipe.

[0017] A water outlet is arranged at the bottom of the side of the ground water storage tank, and the water outlet is connected with the water storage tank through a return pipe, a circulating water pump and a return valve.

[0018] The monitoring equipment includes a first U-shaped seat and a second U-shaped seat supported on the top of the experimental water tank. A first flow meter is arranged and installed on the first U-shaped seat, and multiple second flow meters are arranged and installed on the second U-shaped seat. The first flow meter and the second flow meter are respectively connected to a computer to record experimental data.

[0019] An experimental method for simulating a partial spontaneous dam breach, the experimental method is implemented using the experimental device for simulating a partial spontaneous dam breach, and comprises the following steps: Step 1.1, place the dam body into the marked position in the experimental water tank, so that the dam body and the experimental water tank are completely fitted together, wherein the front side of the dam body is the side without the breach pull ring, that is, the side facing the upstream direction, and the back side of the dam body is the side with the breach pull ring, that is, the side facing the downstream direction; Step 1.2, insert the blasting glass piece into the tongue-and-groove seam of the experimental water tank, so that the blasting glass piece is embedded in the experimental water tank and completely fits with the front of the dam body; Step 1.3, place the monitoring equipment on the two downstream walls of the experimental water tank, adjust the position of the monitoring equipment, and turn on the monitoring equipment; Step 1.4, the water reservoir starts to store water through an external faucet, and when the designed capacity is reached, the water flow is closed through the faucet valve; Step 1.5, adjust and confirm the position of the monitoring equipment again to ensure that the monitoring equipment is in working condition; Step 1.6, after the water surface is calm, pull the designed breach shape in the dam body toward the downstream through the pull ring. After being pulled out, the breach is blocked by the blasting glass pieces, and the water body is still retained in the reservoir for a short time. Then, the water pressure on the blasting glass pieces at the breach increases. After the water body presses the blasting glass pieces at the breach, it bursts naturally in an instant. The water body bursts spontaneously through the breach and then leaks out to form a flood. The water flows along the downstream water tank into the ground reservoir; Step 1.7, record and organize equipment monitoring data; Step 1.8, when the experiment is over, clean the experimental water tank, turn on the circulating water pump, pump the water in the ground water tank into the water tank, clean and replace the broken glass pieces, and then select the breach shapes at different locations to repeat the experiment.

[0020] An experimental method for simulating partial spontaneous breach of a laboratory water tank, the experimental method is implemented using the experimental device for simulating partial spontaneous breach of a dam, and comprises the following steps: Step 2.1, place the dam body into the marked position in the experimental water tank, so that the dam body and the experimental water tank are completely fitted together, wherein the front side of the dam body is the side without the breach pull ring, that is, the side facing the upstream direction, and the back side of the dam body is the side with the breach pull ring, that is, the side facing the downstream direction; Step 2.2, insert the blasting glass piece into the tongue-and-groove seam of the water tank, so that the blasting glass piece fits into the water tank and is completely in contact with the front of the dam body; Step 2.3, fix the monitoring devices on the experimental water tank respectively, place one of the monitoring devices on the upstream walls of the experimental water tank, and the other on the downstream walls of the experimental water tank, adjust the installation position, and turn on the monitoring devices; Step 2.4, close the gate of the water reservoir, and the water reservoir starts to store water through the external faucet. After reaching the designed capacity, close the faucet; Step 2.5, adjust and confirm the position of the monitoring equipment again to ensure that the monitoring equipment is in working condition; Step 2.6, open the gate of the water reservoir to release the water, the water flows in the upstream water tank, and after reaching the blasting glass piece, it is blocked and retained in the upstream water tank; Step 2.7, then the designed breach shape in the dam body is pulled out in the downstream direction through the pull ring. After being pulled out, the breach part is blocked by the blasting glass pieces, and the water body is still retained in the upstream water tank for a short time. Then the water pressure on the blasting glass pieces at the breach part increases. After the water body presses the blasting glass pieces at the breach part, it is instantly burst naturally. The water body is discharged through the breach after spontaneous explosion to form a flood, and the water flows along the downstream water tank into the ground water storage tank; Step 2.8, record and organize equipment monitoring data; Step 2.9, when the experiment is over, clean the experimental water tank, turn on the circulating water pump, pump the water in the ground water tank into the water tank, clean and replace the broken glass pieces, and then select the breach shapes at different locations to repeat the experiment.

[0021] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. The present invention has distinct scientificity and can effectively monitor the hydraulic characteristics of instantaneous spontaneous breach under different breach shapes and breach positions. The simulation of spontaneous dam breach process is more realistic and has high laboratory reference value. At the same time, based on laboratory monitoring data, the destructive impact of flood discharge can be predicted, which is of great significance to disaster prevention and mitigation and the protection of people's lives and property.

[0022] 2. The present invention is different from the traditional instantaneous dam break simulation experiment. It can achieve natural triggered break and avoid relying on external force to realize the break process, which makes its water flow characteristics different from the water flow characteristics of natural break, as well as the disturbance of water body. Therefore, the simulation process can be closer to reality, the water flow characteristics are more in line with the actual situation, and the experimental results will be more accurate and convincing.

[0023] 3. In the present invention, the shape of the dam body, the breach shape and the breach position can all be customized. They are not limited to regular rectangles, trapezoids or squares, but can use a variety of irregular breach shapes based on experimental needs. At the same time, multiple breach shapes can be designed at different positions on the same dam body model to simulate single-point or multi-point instantaneous breaches.

[0024] 4. The experimental model of the present invention adopts the method of 3D printing and laser cutting, which can realize the rapid prefabrication, accurate matching and mass production of the model. It increases the repeatability and uniqueness of the experiment. At the same time, the materials required for the experiment are cheap and the production cost is low. The performance of the model can not only meet the conditions required for the experiment, but also can produce model tools of different specifications according to different design needs, making the experiment more flexible and creative.

[0025] 5. Compared with the traditional partial collapse simulation experimental model, the present invention has simpler manufacturing and operating methods, higher manufacturing accuracy, higher repeatability and repeated use rate, and better simulation effect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0027] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of the first simulation experiment of the experimental device of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of the first simulation experiment of the experimental device of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 3This is a structural diagram of the dam body of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 4 This is a structural diagram of the blasting glass sheet installation of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 5 This is a first structural diagram of the monitoring device of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 6 This is a second structural diagram of the monitoring device of the present invention.

[0033] In the figure: water reservoir 1, water inlet pipe 2, water inlet valve 3, gate 4, dam body 5, breach shape body 6, breach pull ring 7, first flow meter 8, first U-shaped seat 9, experimental water tank 10, water tank bracket 11, ground water reservoir 12, water outlet 13, return pipe 14, return valve 15, second flow meter 16, second U-shaped seat 17, blasting glass piece 18, tongue and groove joint 19, breach 20. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with embodiments. It is necessary to point out that the following embodiments are only used to further illustrate the present invention and cannot be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. Some non-essential improvements and adjustments made by technical personnel in the field based on the above invention content still fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0035] Embodiment 1: See also Figure 1-5 This embodiment provides an experimental device for simulating the spontaneous partial collapse of a dam, including an experimental water tank 10, which is supported and installed on the top of a water tank bracket 11, and a dam body 5 is arranged inside the experimental water tank 10, and a plurality of breaches 20 of different shapes and sizes are formed on the dam body 5 by cutting, and a breach shape body 6 for temporarily blocking the breach 20 is arranged at the corresponding position; a tongue-and-groove seam 19 is arranged on the inner wall of the experimental water tank 10, and the position where the tongue-and-groove seam 19 is located is used to install a blasting glass sheet 18; a water reservoir 1 is installed at the water inlet end of the experimental water tank 10, and a gate 4 is arranged on the water reservoir 1, and a ground water reservoir 12 is installed at the water outlet end of the experimental water tank 10, and a monitoring device for monitoring the experimental process is arranged on the top of the experimental water tank 10. This device and method can simulate the instantaneous spontaneous collapse of a dam at a single point or multiple points, can customize the shape and size of the breach and the collapse position, and can be applied to experimental devices of water tanks of various sizes to solve the problems and shortcomings existing in the prior art.

[0036] Furthermore, the shape of the dam body 5 can be designed in various shapes and sizes according to experimental requirements. The dam body 5 can be configured as required, thereby enhancing its adaptability and improving its flexibility in use.

[0037] Furthermore, the breach 20 is designed into a variety of different shapes and sizes according to experimental needs. The shape and breach position of the breach 20 can be customized, not limited to regular rectangles, trapezoids, or squares, but can use a variety of irregular breach shapes based on experimental needs. At the same time, multiple breach shapes can be designed at different positions on the same dam model to simulate single-point or multi-point instantaneous breaches.

[0038] Further, the water retaining surface of the breach shape body 6 is a smooth surface, and the center of gravity of the back surface is fixedly installed with a breach pull ring 7. The breach pull ring 7 is convenient for controlling the subsequent opening and closing of the breach shape body 6.

[0039] Furthermore, the dam body 5 is made of ABS plastic and printed using 3D printing technology. The above-mentioned manufacturing materials and processes ensure manufacturing accuracy and improve manufacturing efficiency.

[0040] Further, the specific shape and size of the experimental water tank 10 are determined according to the shape and size of the prefabricated dam body 5, and the position of the dam body in the experimental water tank 10 is determined and marked. The above experimental water tank 10 enhances the flexibility of the experiment.

[0041] Furthermore, the experimental water tank 10 is made of organic glass and printed using 3D printing technology, thereby improving the production efficiency.

[0042] Furthermore, a water inlet pipe 2 for water supply is connected to the water reservoir 1, and a water inlet valve 3 is installed on the water inlet pipe 2. The water inlet pipe 2 and the water inlet valve 3 are used to facilitate the control of water inflow during the experiment.

[0043] Furthermore, a water outlet 13 is provided at the bottom of the side of the ground water reservoir 12, and the water outlet 13 is connected to the water reservoir 1 through a return pipe 14, a circulating water pump and a return valve 15. Through the above-mentioned pipeline, water return is easily achieved, thereby achieving the purpose of saving and utilizing water resources.

[0044] Further, the monitoring device includes a first U-shaped seat 9 and a second U-shaped seat 17 supported on the top of the experimental water tank 10, a first flow meter 8 is arranged and installed on the first U-shaped seat 9, and a plurality of second flow meters 16 are arranged and installed on the second U-shaped seat 17. The first flow meter 8 and the second flow meter 16 are respectively connected to a computer and record experimental data. The above-mentioned monitoring device facilitates data collection and monitoring during the test and facilitates subsequent data processing.

[0045] Embodiment 2: See also Figure 1 , an experimental method for simulating partial spontaneous collapse of a dam, the experimental method is implemented using the experimental device for simulating partial spontaneous collapse of a dam, and comprises the following steps: Step 1.1, place the dam body 5 into the marked position in the experimental water tank 10, so that the dam body 5 is completely fitted with the experimental water tank 10, wherein the front side of the dam body 5 is the side without the breach pull ring 7, that is, the side facing the upstream direction, and the back side of the dam body is the side with the breach pull ring 7, that is, the side facing the downstream direction; Step 1.2, insert the blasting glass piece 18 into the tongue-and-groove seam 19 of the experimental water tank 10, so that the blasting glass piece 18 is embedded in the experimental water tank 10 and completely fits with the front surface of the dam body 5; Step 1.3, place the monitoring equipment on the two downstream walls of the experimental water tank 10, adjust the position of the monitoring equipment, and turn on the monitoring equipment; Step 1.4, the water reservoir 1 starts to store water through an external faucet, and after reaching the designed capacity, the water flow is closed through the faucet valve; Step 1.5, adjust and confirm the position of the monitoring equipment again to ensure that the monitoring equipment is in working condition; Step 1.6, after the water surface is calm, the designed breach shape body 6 in the dam body 5 is pulled out to the downstream direction through the pull ring. After being pulled out, the breach part is blocked by the blasting glass piece 18, and the water body is still retained in the reservoir 1 for a short time. Then, the water pressure on the blasting glass piece 18 at the breach part increases. After the water body presses the blasting glass piece 18 at the breach part, it is instantly burst naturally. The water body is discharged through the breach after spontaneous explosion to form a flood, and the water flows along the downstream water tank into the ground reservoir 12; Step 1.7, record and organize equipment monitoring data; Step 1.8, when the experiment is over, clean the experimental water tank 10, turn on the circulating water pump, pump the water in the ground water tank 12 into the water tank 1, clean and replace the broken glass piece 18, and then select the breach shape at different positions to repeat the experiment.

[0046] Embodiment 3: See also Figure 2 , an experimental method for simulating partial spontaneous breach of a laboratory water tank, the experimental method is implemented using the experimental device for simulating partial spontaneous breach of a dam, and comprises the following steps: Step 2.1, place the dam body 5 into the marked position in the experimental water tank 10, so that the dam body 5 is completely fitted with the experimental water tank 10, wherein the front side of the dam body is the side without the breach pull ring, that is, the side facing the upstream direction, and the back side of the dam body is the side with the breach pull ring, that is, the side facing the downstream direction; Step 2.2, insert the blasting glass piece 18 into the groove 19 of the water tank, so that the blasting glass piece 18 is embedded in the water tank and completely fits with the front of the dam body; Step 2.3, fix the monitoring devices on the experimental water tank 10 respectively, place one of the monitoring devices on the upstream walls of the experimental water tank 10, and place the other on the downstream walls of the experimental water tank 10, adjust the installation position, and turn on the monitoring devices; Step 2.4, closing the gate 4 of the water reservoir 1, and the water reservoir 1 starts to store water through the external faucet, and after reaching the designed capacity, the faucet is closed; Step 2.5, adjust and confirm the position of the monitoring equipment again to ensure that the monitoring equipment is in working condition; Step 2.6, open the gate 4 of the water reservoir 1 to release the water, the water flows in the upstream water tank, and is blocked and retained in the upstream water tank after reaching the blasting glass piece 18; Step 2.7, then the designed breach shape in the dam body is pulled out in the downstream direction through the pull ring. After being pulled out, the breach part is blocked by the blasting glass piece 18, and the water body is still retained in the upstream water tank for a short time. Then the water pressure on the blasting glass piece 18 at the breach part increases. After the water body presses the blasting glass piece 18 at the breach part, it is instantly burst naturally. The water body is discharged through the breach after spontaneous explosion to form a flood, and the water flows along the downstream water tank into the ground water storage tank 12; Step 2.8, record and organize equipment monitoring data; Step 2.9, when the experiment is over, clean the experimental water tank 10, turn on the circulating water pump, pump the water in the ground water tank 12 into the water tank 1, clean and replace the broken glass piece 18, and then select the breach shape at different positions to repeat the experiment.

[0047] Embodiment 4: This embodiment provides a simulation of a partial spontaneous dam failure, including the following steps: Step 3.1, when conducting the simulation experiment of partial spontaneous dam collapse, the designed dam body size is a right-angled trapezoid with a narrow top and a wide bottom, with a top length of 1m and a width of 30cm, a bottom length of 1m, a width of 50cm and a height of 60cm. The breach is located in the upper right corner and the middle of the dam body, and the breach is circular in shape, with a diameter of 15cm in the upper right corner and 30cm in the middle.

[0048] Step 3.2, place the printed dam body into the water tank according to the dam body position mark. The front of the dam body is the side facing the upstream direction, that is, the side without the breach pull ring, and the back of the dam body is the side facing the downstream direction, that is, the side with the breach pull ring; pull rings are placed at the center of gravity of the two circular shapes on the back of the dam body.

[0049] Step 3.3, insert the pre-made blasting glass piece 18 into the reserved tongue-and-groove seam of the water tank, so that it is completely embedded in the water tank and fits against the front of the dam body.

[0050] Step 3.4, the monitoring device is a flow meter. Fix the flow meter on the equipment monitoring U-shaped bracket, and place the bracket on the two walls of the downstream water tank. Adjust the flow meter monitoring position to near the breach shape in the upper right corner of the dam body. Connect the monitoring device via a laptop and debug it to put it in working condition.

[0051] Step 3.5, open the water valve to store water, and close the water valve after the water storage tank reaches the designed capacity. Adjust the position of the monitoring equipment again, and then pull the circular breach shape at the upper right corner of the back of the dam body to the downstream direction through the pull ring. After a while, the blasting glass piece 18 at the upper right corner of the circular breach naturally explodes under the water pressure, forming a breach, and a large amount of water flows out through the upper right corner of the circular breach into the downstream water tank and then into the ground water storage tank.

[0052] Step 3.6, the water flow rate during the breach process is monitored by a flow meter, and the experimental data is recorded.

[0053] Step 3.7, the experiment is over, the water tank is cleaned, the ground water tank pump is turned on, the water in the ground water tank is pumped into the water tank through the circulating water pipe, a new blasting glass piece 18 is replaced, and the next circular breach experiment is continued.

[0054] The present invention is the embodiment of the present invention as described above. The above embodiments and the specific parameters in the embodiments are only for the purpose of clearly describing the invention verification process, and are not used to limit the patent protection scope of the present invention. The patent protection scope of the present invention is still subject to its claims. Any equivalent structural changes made by using the description and drawings of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An experimental device for simulating spontaneous partial failure of a dam, characterized in that: The experimental water tank (10) comprises an experimental water tank (10), wherein the experimental water tank (10) is supported and installed on the top of a water tank bracket (11), a dam body (5) is arranged inside the experimental water tank (10), a plurality of breaches (20) of different shapes and sizes are formed on the dam body (5) by cutting, and a breach shape body (6) for temporarily blocking the breaches (20) is arranged at the location of the breaches (20); a tongue-and-groove seam (19) is arranged on the inner side wall of the experimental water tank (10), and the location of the tongue-and-groove seam (19) is used to install a blasting glass sheet (18); a water reservoir (1) is installed at the water inlet end of the experimental water tank (10), and a gate (4) is arranged on the water reservoir (1); a ground water reservoir (12) is installed at the water outlet end of the experimental water tank (10), and a monitoring device for monitoring the experimental process is arranged on the top of the experimental water tank (10).

2. The experimental device for simulating spontaneous partial dam failure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shape of the dam body (5) can be designed in various shapes and sizes according to experimental requirements; The breach (20) is designed into various shapes and sizes according to experimental requirements; The water retaining surface of the breach-shaped body (6) is a smooth surface, and a breach pull ring (7) is fixedly installed at the center of gravity of the back-water surface.

3. The experimental device for simulating spontaneous partial dam failure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dam body (5) is made of ABS plastic and is printed using 3D printing technology.

4. The experimental device for simulating spontaneous partial dam failure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific shape and size of the experimental water tank (10) are determined according to the shape and size of the prefabricated dam body (5), and the position of the dam body in the experimental water tank (10) is determined and marked.

5. The experimental device for simulating spontaneous partial dam failure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The experimental water tank (10) is made of organic glass material and is printed using 3D printing technology.

6. The experimental device for simulating spontaneous partial dam failure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water reservoir (1) is connected to a water inlet pipe (2) for supplying water, and a water inlet valve (3) is installed on the water inlet pipe (2).

7. The experimental device for simulating spontaneous partial dam failure according to claim 1, characterized in that: A water outlet (13) is provided at the bottom of the side of the ground water storage tank (12), and the water outlet (13) is connected to the water storage tank (1) through a return pipe (14), a circulating water pump and a return valve (15).

8. The experimental device for simulating spontaneous partial dam failure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The monitoring device comprises a first U-shaped seat (9) and a second U-shaped seat (17) supported and arranged on the top of the experimental water tank (10); a first flow meter (8) is arranged and installed on the first U-shaped seat (9); a plurality of second flow meters (16) are arranged and installed on the second U-shaped seat (17); the first flow meter (8) and the second flow meter (16) are respectively connected to a computer and record experimental data.

9. An experimental method for simulating spontaneous partial failure of a dam, characterized in that: The experimental method is implemented using the experimental device for simulating partial spontaneous collapse of a dam as described in any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising the following steps: Step 1.1, place the dam body (5) into the marked position in the experimental water tank (10), so that the dam body (5) and the experimental water tank (10) are completely fitted together, wherein the front side of the dam body (5) is the side without the breach pull ring (7), that is, the side facing the upstream direction, and the back side of the dam body is the side with the breach pull ring (7), that is, the side facing the downstream direction; Step 1.2, inserting the blasting glass piece (18) into the tongue-and-groove joint (19) of the experimental water tank (10), so that the blasting glass piece (18) is embedded in the experimental water tank (10) and completely fits with the front surface of the dam body (5); Step 1.3, place the monitoring equipment on the two downstream walls of the experimental water tank (10), adjust the position of the monitoring equipment, and turn on the monitoring equipment; Step 1.4, the water reservoir (1) starts to store water through an external faucet, and after reaching the designed capacity, the water flow is closed through the faucet valve; Step 1.5, adjust and confirm the position of the monitoring equipment again to ensure that the monitoring equipment is in working condition; Step 1.6, after the water surface is calm, the designed breach shape body (6) in the dam body (5) is pulled out in the downstream direction through the pull ring. After being pulled out, the breach part is blocked by the blasting glass piece (18), and the water body is still retained in the reservoir (1) for a short time. Then, the water pressure on the blasting glass piece (18) at the breach part increases. After the water body presses the blasting glass piece (18) at the breach part, it is instantly burst naturally. The water body is discharged through the breach after spontaneous explosion to form a flood, and the water flows along the downstream water tank into the ground reservoir (12); Step 1.7, record and organize equipment monitoring data; Step 1.8, after the experiment is over, clean the experimental water tank (10), turn on the circulating water pump, pump the water in the ground water tank (12) into the water tank (1), clean and replace the blasted glass piece (18), and then select the breach shape at different positions to repeat the experiment.

10. An experimental method for simulating the spontaneous partial collapse of a laboratory water tank, characterized in that: The experimental method is implemented using the experimental device for simulating partial spontaneous collapse of a dam as described in any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising the following steps: Step 2.1, placing the dam body (5) into the marked position in the experimental water tank (10), so that the dam body (5) and the experimental water tank (10) are completely fitted together, wherein the front side of the dam body is the side without the breach pull ring, that is, the side facing the upstream direction, and the back side of the dam body is the side with the breach pull ring, that is, the side facing the downstream direction; Step 2.2, inserting the blasting glass piece (18) into the tongue-and-groove joint (19) of the water tank, so that the blasting glass piece (18) is embedded in the water tank and completely fits with the front surface of the dam body; Step 2.3, respectively fix the monitoring devices on the experimental water tank (10), place one of the monitoring devices on the upstream walls of the experimental water tank (10), and place the other on the downstream walls of the experimental water tank (10), adjust the installation position, and turn on the monitoring devices; Step 2.4, closing the gate (4) of the water reservoir (1), and the water reservoir (1) starts to store water through an external faucet, and after reaching the designed capacity, the faucet is closed; Step 2.5, adjust and confirm the position of the monitoring equipment again to ensure that the monitoring equipment is in working condition; Step 2.6, opening the gate (4) of the water reservoir (1) to release the water, the water flows in the upstream water tank, and after reaching the blasting glass piece (18), it is blocked and retained in the upstream water tank; Step 2.7, then the designed breach shape body in the dam body is pulled out in the downstream direction through the pull ring. After being pulled out, the breach part is blocked by the blasting glass piece (18), and the water body is still retained in the upstream water tank for a short time. Then, the water pressure on the blasting glass piece (18) at the breach part increases. After the water body presses the blasting glass piece (18) at the breach part, it is instantly burst naturally. The water body is discharged through the breach after spontaneous explosion to form a flood, and the water flows along the downstream water tank into the ground water storage tank (12); Step 2.8, record and organize equipment monitoring data; Step 2.9, after the experiment is over, clean the experimental water tank (10), turn on the circulating water pump, pump the water in the ground water tank (12) into the water tank (1), clean and replace the blasted glass pieces (18), and then select the breach shapes at different locations to repeat the experiment.

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