Sand blocking and mist catching protection system and method for desert area

Abstract

The invention discloses a sand blocking and mist catching protection system and method for a desert area. The sand blocking and mist catching protection system comprises mist catching towers, shed-shaped sand blocking and mist catching barriers, sand fixing and afforestation covering plates and evaporated water collecting devices which are arranged in a first strip-shaped area, a second strip-shaped area, a third strip-shaped area and a fourth strip-shaped area correspondingly. The first strip-shaped area, the second strip-shaped area, the third strip-shaped area and the fourth strip-shaped area are sequentially arranged in the upwind direction or the peripheral area of a protected object in the prevailing wind direction, are parallel to one another and are perpendicular to the prevailing wind direction. The mist catching tower collects water vapor in airflow at a high position, meanwhile, the shed-shaped sand-blocking mist catching barrier collects water vapor in airflow at the middle-lower layer, the water vapor at different heights is caught, and the mist catching efficiency is improved. The mist catching tower and the shed-shaped sand-blocking mist catching barrier block a part of sand storm, and the sand-fixing afforestation covering plate fixes a part of quicksand, so that an evaporated water collecting device and a protection object in the downwind direction can be effectively protected, and sand storm erosion is avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of fog capture for ecological environment management in desert areas, and in particular to a sand blocking and fog capture protection system and method for desert areas. Background Art

[0002] Surface water resources in the form of rivers and lakes in arid deserts are extremely scarce, but there is still a considerable amount of water resources in the form of surface evaporated water or fog. This part of water resources is difficult to be used efficiently on a large scale by humans. Specifically, the rainfall in arid deserts is only tens to hundreds of millimeters, but the evaporation is thousands of millimeters. Under the scorching sun, a large amount of soil moisture continuously enters the air through evaporation and cannot be used by vegetation, resulting in a waste of water resources. How to efficiently collect and utilize this part of surface evaporated water and serve the vegetation construction or water use in arid areas is a key technical problem that needs to be solved in the utilization of water resources in arid deserts. Based on this problem, collecting fog carried in air currents in arid deserts and using it for drinking or irrigation is a new way to utilize water resources.

[0003] Under this idea, fog capture net technology was born. Its collection principles are mainly as follows: 1. Intercept fog; 2. Condensation: After the fog contacts the net, it condenses on the surface of the net to form water droplets; 3. Diversion collection: The net surface can divert the condensed water droplets to the collection device. The fog capture net is generally composed of the following parts: 1. Net body; 2. Bracket: used to support the net body to keep it in a certain shape and tension; 3. Water collection tank: collects the condensed water droplets on the net body and diverts them to the storage device.

[0004] In China, fog may appear in some deserts or desert areas, such as the Taklimakan Desert, located in southern Xinjiang, which is the largest desert in China. Under certain weather conditions, such as water vapor leakage caused by cold waves, some areas of the Taklimakan Desert, especially near desert rivers and lakes, may have large-scale snow accumulation and fog; the Gurbantunggut Desert, located in the center of the Junggar Basin in Xinjiang, may have fog in cloudy and rainy weather in spring, summer and autumn, and rime and other landscapes in winter; in addition, there are many arid deserts distributed in the high-altitude cold areas of northwest my country, such as the Gonghe area of ​​Qinghai. The vegetation and moisture conditions in these areas are relatively better than those in inland deserts, and local areas have certain fog capture conditions. Moreover, the above-mentioned and other desert areas have become the blue ocean of my country's photovoltaic development in recent years, and this type of technology is urgently needed as support.

[0005] It should be noted that the formation of fog is affected by many factors, including temperature, humidity, wind speed, etc., and the desert climate conditions in different regions are also different. The fog in the desert is usually distributed near some specific landforms. For example, the valley has a low terrain and poor air circulation, which makes it easy for fog to form. The humidity around the oasis is relatively high, and fog may also appear. In addition, the distribution area of ​​fog in the desert is not fixed, which is mainly related to local climate conditions, topography and other factors. The specific fog situation may change with time and geographical location. Therefore, in actual operation, it is necessary to use local meteorological data or relevant scientific observation data to grasp the fog situation in specific desert areas, and then determine the appropriate location to deploy fog capture nets.

[0006] In addition, sand barriers are a basic measure for wind and sand protection. They are generally set up with a high vertical structure, which causes sand to accumulate in front and behind the sand barriers. Over time, the base of the sand barriers will be buried by sand or even completely buried, and the wind and sand protection efficiency will be significantly reduced. Due to the material and structural characteristics of the barrier itself, as well as the environmental restrictions of the deployment area, the existing sand barriers can only play a sand blocking role and cannot achieve the fog catching function. The current fog catching nets are generally set vertically, and their permeability is much higher than that of ordinary sand barriers. They cannot block wind and sand or have low sand blocking efficiency. When encountering windy and sandy weather, sand will gradually settle at the base of the fog catching net, gradually burying the fog catching net, causing the fog catching net to fail.

[0007] To sum up, how to build a system in the local areas of Shagohuang where fog is distributed to achieve the dual functions of long-term sand blocking and fog capture, and realize the efficient collection of surface evaporated water, will provide a new idea for wind and sand prevention and control, water resource utilization, photovoltaic sand control, and ecological construction in these arid areas. The corresponding supporting technologies will play a positive role in promoting the sustainable development of arid areas. Summary of the invention

[0008] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a sand blocking and fog capturing protection system and method for desert areas, thereby overcoming the deficiencies of the prior art. To achieve the above-mentioned invention purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention includes:

[0009] The first aspect of the present invention provides a sand blocking and fog catching protection system for desert areas, comprising fog catching towers, shed-shaped sand blocking and fog catching barriers, sand fixation and afforestation covering plates, and evaporation water collection devices respectively arranged in a first strip-shaped area, a second strip-shaped area, a third strip-shaped area, and a fourth strip-shaped area, wherein the first strip-shaped area, the second strip-shaped area, the third strip-shaped area, and the fourth strip-shaped area are sequentially arranged in the upwind direction or the surrounding area of ​​the protection object along the main wind direction, and the first strip-shaped area, the second strip-shaped area, the third strip-shaped area, and the fourth strip-shaped area are parallel to each other and perpendicular to the main wind direction.

[0010] Among them, the spacings between the first strip-shaped area, the second strip-shaped area, the third strip-shaped area and the fourth strip-shaped area are d1, d2 and d3 respectively, the value range of d1 is 5-10m, the value range of d2 is 10-50m, the value range of d3 is 2-5m, d1≤20H, d2+d3≤20h, H is the fog capture height of the fog capture tower, and h is the fog capture height of the shed-shaped sand-blocking fog capture barrier.

[0011] Furthermore, the fog collecting tower includes a fog collecting cylinder and a first water collecting mechanism, the fog collecting cylinder includes a first three-dimensional net with an upright cylindrical structure, the d1≤20H, H is the layout height of the first three-dimensional net, the first three-dimensional net includes a plurality of first wire loops and a plurality of second wire loops, the first wire loops are formed by nylon wires extending and winding in a vertical direction, the second wire loops are formed by nylon wires extending and winding in a horizontal direction, the surfaces of the first wire loops and the second wire loops are respectively covered with a hydrophilic material film and a hydrophobic material film, and the ratio of the number of the first wire loops to the number of the second wire loops is greater than 4, and the first water collecting mechanism is arranged below the fog collecting cylinder for collecting water formed by condensation of water vapor captured by the fog collecting cylinder.

[0012] Furthermore, the fog catching tower also includes a column, and the fog catching cylinder also includes a frame, which is arranged along the vertical direction of the column. The frame includes an inner circle and an outer circle, and the inner circle and the outer circle are in a concentric circle structure. The inner circle is connected to the column and is connected to the outer circle through a suspension rope, and the height of the inner circle in the vertical direction is higher than the height of the outer circle in the vertical direction. A first three-dimensional net with a vertical cylindrical structure is arranged around the outer circle.

[0013] Furthermore, the first water collection mechanism includes an outer circle, a water collection steel ring, and a first shed film, which are enclosed to form a closed funnel-shaped structure, and the bottom of the funnel-shaped structure is connected to the infiltration and irrigation pipe of the planting component; the infiltration and irrigation pipe of the planting component is arranged inside the shed-shaped sand-blocking and fog-catching barrier;

[0014] Furthermore, the height of the column is 4-15 meters and the outer diameter is 5-10 centimeters.

[0015] Furthermore, the first three-dimensional net has a layout height of 3-12 meters and a diameter of 1-3 meters;

[0016] The first three-dimensional net has a porosity of 50-80% and a thickness of 0.5-3 cm;

[0017] The diameter of the nylon thread is 0.32 mm.

[0018] Furthermore, the shed-shaped sand-blocking and fog-catching barrier includes a second three-dimensional net with a shed-shaped long ridge structure, d2+d3≤20h, h is the height of the second three-dimensional net, the length direction of the second three-dimensional net is perpendicular to the main wind direction, and the second three-dimensional net includes a plurality of third wire loops and a plurality of fourth wire loops, the third wire loops are formed by extending and winding nylon wires in a direction perpendicular to the ground, and the fourth wire loops are formed by extending and winding nylon wires in a horizontal direction, and the surfaces of the third wire loops and the fourth wire loops are respectively covered with hydrophilic material films and hydrophobic material films, and the ratio of the number of the third wire loops to the number of the fourth wire loops is greater than 4.

[0019] Furthermore, the shed-like sand-blocking and fog-catching barrier includes a shed frame, which includes an n-shaped frame and a cross bar. Both ends of the n-shaped frame are fixed to the ground, and the cross bar is arranged in parallel on the inner side of the n-shaped frame 31. A second three-dimensional net is laid on the n-shaped frame to form a shed-like long ridge structure.

[0020] Furthermore, the second three-dimensional mesh has a porosity of 50-80% and a thickness of 0.5-3 cm;

[0021] The radial cross-section of the second three-dimensional net is n-shaped, with a height of 2-4 meters and a width of 1-3 meters;

[0022] The permeability of the top of the second three-dimensional net is 70-80%, and the permeability of the two sides is 50-70%, and the permeability of the top of the second three-dimensional net is greater than the permeability of the two sides;

[0023] The porosity of the second three-dimensional network is lower than the porosity of the first three-dimensional network.

[0024] Furthermore, the sand-fixing afforestation covering plate includes a first plate and a second plate. The first plate is provided with a first semicircular groove on the edge, and the second plate is provided with a second semicircular groove and a semicircular tenon on the edge. The semicircular tenon is aligned with the first semicircular groove and is connected by mortise and tenon. The first semicircular groove is also spliced ​​with the second semicircular groove to form a small hole for grafting branches, sowing or planting seedlings.

[0025] Further, the evaporated water collection device has a tent-like structure and includes a shed film, a shed film support mechanism and a second water collection mechanism, the shed film is installed on the shed film support mechanism to form a shed-like structure, and the second water collection mechanism is arranged under the shed-like structure to collect water captured by the shed-like structure;

[0026] The greenhouse film supporting mechanism includes a plurality of keels, pillars and plug plates. The pillars are fixed to the ground in a vertical direction. One end of the keel is fixed to the pillar and the other end is inserted into the ground. The second greenhouse film is laid on the keel.

[0027] A second aspect of the present invention provides a sand blocking and fog capturing protection method for desert areas, the method is implemented based on the sand blocking and fog capturing protection system for desert areas, and the method comprises:

[0028] The mist-capturing tower is used to capture the moisture in the wind, and the evaporative water collection device is used to capture the water vapor formed by the evaporation of surface water. The water collected by the mist-capturing tower and the evaporative water collection device is then transported to the bottom root system of the plant through the infiltration irrigation pipe of the planting assembly;

[0029] The shed-shaped sand-blocking and fog-catching barrier captures moisture in the wind and directly delivers the collected water to the surface roots of plants. The shed-shaped sand-blocking and fog-catching barrier also blocks the sand and dust that moves with the wind towards the protected object.

[0030] Sand-fixing afforestation cover boards are used to block the sand and dust that moves with the wind to the protected objects, and plants are planted on the sand-fixing afforestation cover boards to fix the sand and dust.

[0031] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention include at least:

[0032] First, in a sand blocking and fog catching protection system for desert areas provided by the present invention, since the permeability of the first three-dimensional net is greater than that of the second three-dimensional net, that is, the first three-dimensional net is easier for wind to pass through, the fog catching tower is set upwind without closed obstacles, followed by the shed-shaped sand blocking and fog catching barrier. The wind-blown sand will accumulate near the shed-shaped sand blocking and fog catching barrier, and the wind force will decrease, which also provides protection for the evaporation water collection device in the downwind direction from the harm of sand grinding. In addition, the fog catching tower and the shed-shaped sand blocking and fog catching barrier reduce the wind speed, which can effectively protect the evaporation water collection device in the downwind direction, so that it is fixed and not blown away by the wind.

[0033] Second, in a sand-blocking and fog-catching protection system for desert areas provided by the present invention, a fog-catching tower collects water in the airflow at a higher position and transports it to the planting component through a drainage pipe; at the same time, a shed-shaped sand-blocking and fog-catching barrier collects moisture in the middle and lower layers of the airflow and supplies it to the planting component. The capture of water vapor in the airflow at different height layers will not affect each other, thereby improving the fog-catching efficiency.

[0034] Third, in a sand-blocking and fog-catching protection system for desert areas provided by the present invention, from the perspective of spatial arrangement, the fog-catching tower on the upwind side and the evaporation water collection device on the downwind side jointly deliver water to the planting components at the bottom of the middle shed-shaped sand-blocking and fog-catching barrier for irrigation. The water delivery path is the shortest, which not only reduces costs but also improves water delivery efficiency.

[0035] Fourth, in a sand-blocking and fog-catching protection system for desert areas provided by the present invention, a planting component is arranged at the inner bottom of a shed-shaped sand-blocking and fog-catching barrier, and the shed-shaped sand-blocking and fog-catching barrier can provide shading and moisture retention functions for vegetation, promote vegetation growth, and improve survival rate.

[0036] Fifth, in a sand blocking and fog catching protection system for desert areas provided by the present invention, the fog catching tower is a vertical cylindrical structure that is not restricted by wind direction and can receive moisture carried in wind from any direction, which is conducive to the large-scale collection of fog.

[0037] Sixth, in a sand-blocking and fog-catching protection system for desert areas provided by the present invention, the first wire loop is wound in a direction perpendicular to the ground and coated with a hydrophilic material film, which is beneficial to the capture and enlargement of water droplets. The second wire loop is extended and wound horizontally and coated with a hydrophobic material film to reduce its adhesion, which is beneficial to the rolling of water droplets and improves the water collection efficiency.

[0038] Seventh, in a sand-blocking and fog-catching protection system for desert areas provided by the present invention, the permeability of the top of the second three-dimensional net is greater than the permeability of the two sides, which can ensure that the airflow and the shed-like sand-blocking and fog-catching barrier have a certain contact area, while not hindering the passage of airflow, so that the mist droplets entrained in the airflow are continuously condensed into water droplets on the second three-dimensional net, and flow to the ground on both sides of the shed-like sand-blocking and fog-catching barrier under the action of gravity, directly penetrate into the soil surface, moisten the soil layer, and realize long-term automatic water replenishment of the entire soil layer.

[0039] Seventh, in the sand-blocking and fog-catching protection system for desert areas provided by the present invention, the lattice-shaped sand-fixing and afforestation covering plate can fix the quicksand on the one hand, and on the other hand, it can block the wind and shade the plant seedlings in the small holes, seal and moisturize them, and promote the survival and growth of the plants. When the plants grow up, they can be dismantled and transported to other sandy areas that need afforestation, realizing multiple recycling. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0040] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a sand blocking and fog capturing protection system for desert areas provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of a mist capture tower provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 3 is a top view of a mist capture tower provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a planting assembly provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a shed-shaped sand-blocking and fog-catching barrier provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the splicing structure of the sand fixation and afforestation cover plate provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 7is a schematic structural diagram of a first plate provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a second plate material provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0048] Fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of an evaporated water collection device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0049] Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the water collecting strip provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0050] Description of reference numerals:

[0051] 1. Fog-catching tower; 11. First three-dimensional net; 12. Outer circle; 13. Suspension rope; 14. Vertical column; 15. Oblique stay rope; 16. Inner circle; 17. Water-collecting steel ring; 18. First greenhouse film; 2. Planting assembly; 21. Water inlet funnel; 22. Drainage pipe; 23. Infiltration irrigation pipe; 24. Plant; 3. Shed-shaped sand-blocking and fog-catching barrier; 31. N-shaped skeleton; 32. Cross bar; 33 Second three-dimensional net; 4. Evaporated water collection device; 41. Keel; 42. Pillar; 43. Second greenhouse film; 44. Insert plate; 45. Water-collecting strip; 5. Sand-fixing afforestation cover plate: 51. First plate; 511. First semicircular groove; 52. Second plate; 521. Second semicircular groove; 522. Semicircular tenon; 6. Main wind direction; 7. Sand accumulation belt; 8. Protected object. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0052] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the inventor of this case has proposed the technical solution of the present invention after long-term research and extensive practice. The technical solution, its implementation process and principle will be further explained as follows.

[0053] Please refer to Figure 1 The present embodiment provides a sand blocking and fog catching protection system for desert areas, comprising a fog catching tower 1, a shed-shaped sand blocking and fog catching barrier 3, a sand fixation and afforestation cover plate 5 and an evaporation water collection device 4 respectively arranged in a first strip-shaped area, a second strip-shaped area, a third strip-shaped area and a fourth strip-shaped area, wherein the first strip-shaped area, the second strip-shaped area, the third strip-shaped area and the fourth strip-shaped area are arranged in sequence along the main wind direction in the upwind direction or the surrounding area of ​​the protection object, and the first strip-shaped area, the second strip-shaped area, the third strip-shaped area and the fourth strip-shaped area are parallel to each other and perpendicular to the main wind direction.

[0054] Among them, the spacing between the first strip-shaped area, the second strip-shaped area, the third strip-shaped area and the fourth strip-shaped area are d1, d2, and d3 respectively, the value range of d1 is 5-10m, the value range of d2 is 10-50m, and the value range of d3 is 2-5m. d1≤20H, d2+d3≤20h, H is the fog capture height of the fog capture tower 1, and h is the fog capture height of the shed-shaped sand-blocking fog capture barrier 3.

[0055] In this embodiment, the fog catching height of the fog catching tower 1 is set to H, and the fog catching height of the shed-shaped sand-blocking fog-catching barrier 3 is set to h. When d1≤20H, d2+d3≤20h, the evaporative water collecting device 4 can be within the protection range to protect it from damage by strong winds. In addition, the distance d1 between the fog catching tower 1 and the shed-shaped sand-blocking fog-catching barrier 3 is set to a value range of 5-10m, the distance d2 between the shed-shaped sand-blocking fog-catching barrier 3 and the sand-fixing afforestation cover plate 5 is set to a value range of 10-50m, and the distance d3 between the sand-fixing afforestation cover plate 5 and the evaporative water collecting device 4 is set to a value range of 2-5m. The above spacing settings can protect the evaporative water collecting device 4 from damage by strong winds, and also ensure that the irrigation pipeline has an appropriate drop so that the collected water can flow smoothly into the underground infiltration irrigation pipe to supply the needs of vegetation.

[0056] Among them, a sand-fixing afforestation covering plate 5 is arranged between the shed-shaped sand-blocking and fog-catching barrier 3 and the evaporative water collecting device 4. The sand-blocking and fog-catching protection system also includes a planting component 2. In a specific implementation scenario, the main wind direction 6 here can be selected as the north wind direction. From the perspective of spatial setting, the fog-catching tower 1 in the upwind direction and the evaporative water collecting device 4 in the downwind direction jointly transport water to the vegetation at the bottom of the middle shed-shaped sand-blocking and fog-catching barrier 3 and the sand-fixing afforestation covering plate 5 for irrigation. The water transport path is the shortest, which not only saves costs but also improves water transport efficiency. Furthermore, the planting component 2 is arranged at the inner bottom of the shed-shaped sand-blocking and fog-catching barrier 3, and the shed-shaped sand-blocking and fog-catching barrier 3 and the sand-fixing afforestation covering plate 5 can provide shading and moisturizing functions for vegetation, promote vegetation growth, and improve survival rate.

[0057] Although the underground infiltration irrigation pipe is buried at a depth of 20-40 cm and has a certain drop from the ground surface, due to the undulating terrain, if the distance is too long, it is difficult for the collected water to flow into the infiltration irrigation pipe at the bottom of the shed-shaped sand-blocking and fog-catching barrier 3 and the sand-fixing and afforestation cover plate 5. Therefore, the distances between the first strip-shaped area, the second strip-shaped area, the third strip-shaped area, and the fourth strip-shaped area cannot be set too long, otherwise the water in the water delivery pipeline will not be able to flow into the infiltration irrigation pipe.

[0058] Because there are shed-shaped sand-blocking and fog-catching barriers 3 and sand-fixing and afforestation covering plates 5 as front-line sand-blocking and sand-fixing measures, this protection system is mainly used in the upwind area of ​​the protection object, and automatically collects natural water vapor and surface evaporated water to prevent wind and fix sand for irrigation and afforestation. It should be noted that the fog-catching tower 1 needs to be set in an unobstructed position in the upwind front area to allow the airflow to pass smoothly continuously. However, the sand-blocking and fog-catching protection system for desert areas can be, but is not limited to, set in the upwind direction. Exemplarily, the sand-blocking and fog-catching protection system for desert areas can also be used around the protection object, such as a sidewind position, or can also be used to collect moisture. The setting position is flexible and can be set according to specific needs. The sand-blocking and fog-catching protection system for desert areas can also be used only to collect moisture and irrigate and afforest, and the specific position can be flexibly set according to the afforestation position.

[0059] refer to Figure 2 In some embodiments, the fog collecting tower 1 includes a fog collecting cylinder and a first water collecting mechanism, the fog collecting cylinder includes a first three-dimensional net 11 with an upright cylindrical structure, the d1≤20H, H is the layout height of the first three-dimensional net 11, the first three-dimensional net 11 includes a plurality of first wire loops and a plurality of second wire loops, the first wire loops are formed by extending and winding nylon wires in a vertical direction, the second wire loops are formed by extending and winding nylon wires in a horizontal direction, the surfaces of the first wire loops and the second wire loops are respectively covered with a hydrophilic material film and a hydrophobic material film, and the ratio of the number of the first wire loops to the number of the second wire loops is greater than 4, the first wire loops and the second wire loops are both spirally extended and wound, and the first wire loops and the second wire loops are vertically wound as a whole in a spirally interwoven shape, and the first water collecting mechanism is arranged below the fog collecting cylinder to collect water formed by condensation of water vapor captured by the fog collecting cylinder.

[0060] Specifically, the first wire loop is formed by extending and winding a nylon wire in a vertical direction, and the surface of the first wire loop is covered with a hydrophilic material film, which can increase the adhesion of the first wire loop and facilitate the capture of water droplets. The second wire loop is formed by extending and winding a nylon wire in a horizontal direction, and the surface of the second wire loop is covered with a hydrophobic material film, which reduces the adhesion of the second wire loop and facilitates the rolling of water droplets. Through the above settings, the water collection efficiency can be improved. In addition, the ratio of the number of the first wire loops to the number of the second wire loops is greater than 4, the number of the first wire loops can account for more than 80%, and the number of the second wire loops can account for less than 20%. The specific number is not limited to the value proposed in this embodiment and is not limited here.

[0061] Preferably, in order to improve the efficiency of fog passing through the first three-dimensional net 11, the permeability of the first three-dimensional net 11 is higher than that of the sand-blocking net. The permeability of the first fog-catching net 11 is higher than that of the general sand-blocking net. In the present application, the first three-dimensional net 11 needs a larger permeability to ensure the smooth passage of the airflow, so as to capture the water vapor in the airflow and not hinder the passage of the airflow. In a specific implementation scenario of the present embodiment, the permeability of the sand-blocking net can be set to 30-50%. Therefore, the permeability of the first three-dimensional net 11 is set to 50-80%, the thickness of the first three-dimensional net 11 is 0.5-3 cm, and the diameter of the nylon wire constituting the first three-dimensional net 11 is 0.3-2 mm to promote the condensation of fog on the first three-dimensional net 11. The layout height of the first three-dimensional net 11 is 3-12 meters and the diameter is 1-3 meters. It should be noted that the values ​​in this scene can be changed according to the situation and are not limited here.

[0062] For areas with high-altitude and cold desert fog, a synchronous comparison experiment of the fog capture efficiency of ordinary three-dimensional nets and the first three-dimensional net 11 was carried out at the Taratan photovoltaic base in Gonghe County, Qinghai Province. The results showed that in three days under foggy weather conditions in winter, when 4 square meters of new three-dimensional nets were vertically laid, the average daily fog capture amount could reach 2.7 liters, and the fog capture efficiency of the first three-dimensional net 11 could be improved by about 43% compared with the ordinary three-dimensional net. It can be obtained that compared with the general cross-knitted nylon net, this embodiment is more conducive to the capture and collection of water vapor by setting different numbers of wire loops, which can improve the fog capture efficiency.

[0063] refer to Figure 2-Figure 3 In some embodiments, the fog catching tower 1 further includes a column 14, and the fog catching cylinder further includes a ring frame, and the ring frame includes an outer circle 12 and an inner circle 16. The ring frame is arranged along the vertical direction of the column 14, and the inner circle 16 is connected to the column 14 and connected to the outer circle 12 through a suspension rope 13. The inner circle 16 and the outer circle 12 are concentric circle structures, and the height of the inner circle 16 in the vertical direction is higher than the height of the outer circle 12 in the vertical direction. The first three-dimensional net 11 is surrounded on the outer circle 12 to form a vertical cylindrical structure for fog catching.

[0064] In the specific implementation scenario, the inner circle 16 and the outer circle 12 can be made of steel pipes or PVC pipes. The suspension rope 13 used to connect the inner circle 16 and the outer circle 12 can be made of nylon rope, which is relatively strong. The height of the column 14 can be set to 4-15 meters, and the outer diameter is set to 5-10 centimeters. The column 14 is vertically inserted on the ground and fixed with an inclined rope 15. The column 14 is provided with a through hole every 1-2 meters, and a ring frame is provided every 1-2 meters at the vertical height of the column 14, and the inner circle 16 is fixed to the through hole of the column 14 with screws. In this embodiment, the fog catching tower 1 uses an upright cylindrical structure to catch fog, which is not restricted by wind direction and can receive water vapor carried in the wind from any direction. Compared with the water collection device with hydrophilic belts and special-shaped fins in the prior art, the first three-dimensional net 11 of the upright cylindrical structure has a larger mesh surface, that is, the contact area with the airflow is also larger, which can reach 9.42-113.04 square meters, which is conducive to the large-scale collection of fog.

[0065] In some embodiments, the first water collection mechanism includes an outer circle 12, a water collection steel ring 17, and a first greenhouse film 18, which are enclosed to form a closed funnel-shaped structure, and the bottom of the funnel-shaped structure is connected to the infiltration pipe 23 of the planting component 2; the infiltration pipe 23 of the planting component 2 is arranged inside the greenhouse-shaped sand-blocking and fog-catching barrier 3.

[0066] The height of the column 14 is 4-15 meters, and the outer diameter is 5-10 centimeters.

[0067] Specifically, the first greenhouse film 18 is fan-shaped, including an upper arc and a lower arc, which are respectively bonded and fixed to the outer circle 12 at the bottom of the frame and the water-collecting steel ring 17 at the bottom, forming a closed funnel-shaped structure, which is conducive to collecting water. In addition, the planting component 2 includes a water inlet funnel 21, a drainage pipe 22, and an infiltration pipe 23. The water-collecting steel ring 17 can be understood as a water outlet, which is connected to the water inlet funnel 21. A funnel-shaped filter cotton is provided in the water inlet funnel 21, which can filter a certain amount of sand and dust. The water inlet funnel 21 is connected to the infiltration pipe 23 through the drainage pipe 22 to supply moisture to the vegetation. The water inlet funnel 21 is a closed structure, which is not affected by wind and sand, and can capture fog and collect water for a long time. The infiltration pipe 23 can allow the fog condensation water to reach the bottom root system of the plant directly, supply the surface root system of the plant, and use natural water vapor to achieve long-term automatic water replenishment of the entire soil layer.

[0068] refer to Figure 5In some embodiments, the shed-shaped sand-blocking and fog-catching barrier 3 includes a second three-dimensional net 33 with a shed-shaped long ridge structure, d2+d3≤20h, and h is the height of the second three-dimensional net 33. The length direction of the second three-dimensional net 33 is perpendicular to the main wind direction, and the second three-dimensional net 33 includes a plurality of third wire loops and a plurality of fourth wire loops, the third wire loops are formed by extending and winding nylon wires in a direction perpendicular to the ground, and the fourth wire loops are formed by extending and winding nylon wires in a horizontal direction, and the surfaces of the third wire loops and the fourth wire loops are respectively covered with a hydrophilic material film and a hydrophobic material film, and the ratio of the number of the third wire loops to the number of the fourth wire loops is greater than 4.

[0069] Specifically, the third wire loop is formed by extending and winding the nylon wire in a direction perpendicular to the ground, and the surface of the third wire loop is covered with a hydrophilic material film, which can increase the adhesion of the third wire loop and facilitate the capture of water droplets. The fourth wire loop is formed by extending and winding the nylon wire in a horizontal direction, and the surface of the fourth wire loop is covered with a hydrophobic material film, which reduces the adhesion of the fourth wire loop and facilitates the rolling of water droplets. Through the above settings, the water collection efficiency can be improved. In addition, the ratio of the number of the third wire loops to the number of the fourth wire loops is greater than 4, the number of the third wire loops can be greater than 80%, and the number of the fourth wire loops can be within 20%. The specific number is not limited to the value proposed in this embodiment and is not limited here. Compared with the general cross-warp knitted nylon mesh, this embodiment is more conducive to the capture and collection of water vapor by setting different numbers of wire loops in the vertical and horizontal directions, and coating the vertical wire loops with hydrophilic material films and the horizontal wire loops with hydrophobic material films, which can improve the fog capture efficiency.

[0070] In some embodiments, the second three-dimensional web 33 has a porosity of 50-80% and a thickness of 0.5-3 cm.

[0071] Specifically, in order to improve the efficiency of fog passing through the second three-dimensional net 33, the permeability of the second three-dimensional net 33 is higher than that of the sand-blocking net. In another specific implementation scenario of this embodiment, the permeability of the sand-blocking net can be set to 30-50%. Therefore, the permeability of the second three-dimensional net 33 is set to 50-80%, the thickness of the second three-dimensional net 33 is 0.5-3 cm, and the diameter of the nylon wire constituting the second three-dimensional net 33 is 0.3-2 mm to promote the condensation of fog on the second three-dimensional net 33. It should be noted that the values ​​in this scenario can be changed according to the situation and are not limited here. Among them, the permeability of the first three-dimensional net 11 and the second three-dimensional net 33 can be consistent or inconsistent.

[0072] On the one hand, the radial cross-section of the second three-dimensional net 33 is n-shaped. The permeability of the top of the second three-dimensional net 33 is 70-80%, the permeability of the two sides of the second three-dimensional net 33 is 50-70%, and the permeability of the top of the second three-dimensional net is greater than the permeability of the two sides. Specifically, due to the large permeability at the top, the growth of plants in the shed-shaped sand-blocking and fog-catching barrier 3 is not affected. The permeability of the top of the second three-dimensional net is greater than the permeability on both sides, which can ensure that the airflow and the shed-shaped sand-blocking and fog-catching barrier 3 have a certain contact area, while not hindering the passage of the airflow, so that the mist droplets entrained in the airflow are continuously condensed into water droplets on the second three-dimensional net 33, and flow to the ground on both sides of the shed-shaped sand-blocking and fog-catching barrier 3 under the action of gravity, directly penetrate into the soil surface, moisten the soil layer, and use natural water vapor to achieve long-term automatic water replenishment of the entire soil layer.

[0073] On the other hand, the permeability of the second three-dimensional net 33 is lower than that of the first three-dimensional net 11. The sand-blocking and fog-catching protection system requires the wind to pass smoothly in order to collect fog or water vapor from the airflow. Since the permeability of the first three-dimensional net 11 in the fog-catching tower 1 is greater than the permeability of the second three-dimensional net 33 in the shed-shaped sand-blocking and fog-catching barrier 3, that is, the first three-dimensional net 11 is easier for wind to pass through, the fog-catching tower 1 is set in the upwind direction without closed obstacles, followed by the shed-shaped sand-blocking and fog-catching barrier 3. The wind-blown sand will accumulate near the shed-shaped sand-blocking and fog-catching barrier 3 to form a sand accumulation belt 7, and the wind force will decrease, which also provides protection for the evaporation water collection device 4 in the downwind direction from the harm of sand grinding. In addition, the fog-catching tower 1 and the shed-shaped sand-blocking and fog-catching barrier 3 reduce the wind speed, which can effectively protect the evaporation water collection device 4 in the downwind direction, so that it is fixed and not blown away by the wind. The first three-dimensional net 11 with higher permeability collects water in the airflow at a higher position and transports it to the vegetation under the shed-shaped sand-blocking and fog-catching barrier 3 through the drainage pipe 22; at the same time, the shed-shaped sand-blocking and fog-catching barrier 3 with lower permeability collects moisture in the middle and lower layers of the airflow and supplies it to the bottom vegetation. In this way, the capture of water vapor in the airflow at different height layers will not affect each other, and a complementary effect will be produced in the utilization of spatial positions, which can improve the overall fog-catching efficiency of the protection system.

[0074] In some embodiments, the shed-shaped sand-blocking and fog-catching barrier 3 further includes a shed frame, which is a shed-shaped long ridge structure, including an n-shaped frame 31 and a crossbar 32. Both ends of the n-shaped frame 31 are fixed to the ground, and the crossbar 32 is arranged in parallel on the inner side of the n-shaped frame 31. A second three-dimensional net 33 is laid on the n-shaped frame 31 to form a shed-shaped long ridge structure for fog catching. The second three-dimensional net 33 has a height of 2-4 meters and a width of 1-3 meters.

[0075] Specifically, the n-shaped frame 31 can be made of various pipes, including steel pipes, iron pipes, PVC pipes, etc. The n-shaped frame 31 is bent in an n shape, and both ends are inserted into the ground. The height of the n-shaped frame 31 can be set to 1-5 meters, and the width, that is, the distance between the two ends inserted into the ground is 0.8-4 meters. The crossbar 32 is arranged in parallel on the inner side of the n-shaped frame 31, and the n-shaped frame 31 and the crossbar 32 at the grounding point can be fixed with ground nails.

[0076] In this embodiment, the n-shaped structure can make the water droplets condensed by the second three-dimensional nets 33 on both sides move to the ground more easily. The shed-shaped sand-blocking and fog-catching barrier 3 can play a blocking role, creating a more moist, breezy, and sun-shaded benign local microenvironment for the vegetation of the planting component 2, and promoting plant growth. On the other hand, the shed-shaped sand-blocking and fog-catching barrier 3 also has a sand-blocking function. There are two sand barriers on both sides of the n-shaped skeleton 31, and its sand-blocking effect is better than the sand barriers set up in a general vertical single channel. The top is an arc-shaped closed structure, and its sand-blocking effect is also better than the traditional sand barriers set up in a vertical double channel. The shed-shaped sand-blocking and fog-catching barrier 3 in the present invention is simple to lay out, easy to construct, and low in cost. There is no need to set a water collection device at the bottom, and the droplets directly penetrate into the ground through the second three-dimensional net 33 to irrigate the vegetation of the planting component 2. By utilizing natural water vapor resources and natural condensation and transportation processes, fully automatic irrigation without water sources can be achieved.

[0077] A sand accumulation zone 7 is formed near the shed-shaped sand-blocking and fog-catching barrier 3 .

[0078] refer to Figure 4 In some embodiments, the sand blocking and fog capturing protection system may further include a planting component 2. The planting component 2 includes a drainage pipe 22, an infiltration pipe 23, and a plant 24. The infiltration pipe 23 of the planting component 2 is arranged inside the shed-shaped sand blocking and fog capturing barrier 3. The fog capturing tower 1 is connected to the drainage pipe 22 to transfer the water captured by the fog capturing tower 1 to the planting component 2. The evaporation water collecting device 4 is connected to the drainage pipe 22 to transfer the water collected by the evaporation water collecting device 4 to the planting component 2. The infiltration pipe 23 is connected to the drainage pipe 22 to infiltrate water to the bottom root system of the plant.

[0079] In summary, based on field observations, the sand blocking and fog capturing protection system for desert areas provided in this embodiment is suitable for deployment in desert edges, wide valleys, and surrounding desert areas with lakes, rivers, and reservoirs, which tend to have more fog than general desert areas. It can also be deployed on both sides of traffic routes with more fog and outside photovoltaic bases to prevent wind and sand, collect water for construction, collect drinking water, and improve the ecological environment.

[0080] Please refer to Figure 6-8 In some embodiments, the sand-fixing afforestation covering plate 5 includes a first plate 51 and a second plate 52, and the first plate 51 and the second plate 52 are connected by mortise and tenon joints.

[0081] The first plate 51 is provided with a first semicircular groove 511 at the edge, and the second plate 52 is provided with a second semicircular groove 521 and a semicircular tenon 522 at the edge, and the semicircular tenon 522 is provided at the middle position of the edge. The semicircular tenon 522 of the second plate 52 is aligned with the first semicircular groove 511 of the first plate 51, so that the edges of the two plates overlap, and the mortise and tenon joints of the two plates are completed to form the sand-fixing afforestation cover plate 5. In addition, the first semicircular groove 511 is also spliced ​​with the two semicircular notches of the second semicircular groove 521 to form a circular or elliptical hole for sowing or planting seedlings.

[0082] Specifically, the first semicircular groove 511 and the second semicircular groove 521 here can also be semi-elliptical grooves, which are not limited here. The semicircular tenon 522 here can also be a semi-elliptical tenon. The semicircular tenon 522 is a protruding tenon. The two semicircular notches of the first semicircular groove 511 and the second semicircular groove 521 are spliced ​​with each other to form a circular hole. It is necessary to plant branches in the circular hole to form a sand-fixing grid, and it is also necessary to sow or plant seedlings in the circular hole to form a living plant sand-fixing grid.

[0083] In the specific implementation scenario, first, a mold can be used to mix foamed cement with grass fiber materials and cast to obtain a first plate 51 and a second plate 52. The first plate 51 and the second plate 52 can be spliced ​​into sand-fixing afforestation covering plates 5 of different shapes and sizes by mortise and tenon joints to meet the sand-fixing afforestation needs of different plots and terrains, and are suitable for surface or strip afforestation and wind and sand protection in sandy areas, such as railways, highways, photovoltaic array areas and peripheries. Then, the sand surface is leveled, and the sand-fixing afforestation covering plates 5 are spliced ​​and laid on the sand surface. Then, shrub seeds are sprinkled into the small holes on the surface of the sand-fixing afforestation covering plate 5, or shrub seedlings are artificially planted in the small holes using a seedling planter, and local plant stem materials such as poplar branches with leaves and cotton stalks that are easily accessible are inserted into the small holes to form an upright square-shaped sand-fixing structure. On the one hand, the square-shaped sand-fixing structure can fix the quicksand, and on the other hand, it can block the wind and shade the plant seedlings, promoting the survival and growth of plants. Finally, artificial watering or rainfall is carried out in and around the small holes. Water flows into the small holes, which can increase the humidity of the local sand layer and keep it moist for a long time, promoting the survival of seedlings and seed germination. When the plants grow up, they can be dismantled and transported to other sandy areas that need afforestation, realizing multiple recycling.

[0084] In some embodiments, the thickness of the first plate 51 and the second plate 52 is 2-5 cm.

[0085] In some embodiments, the small apertures of the first semicircular groove 511 and the second semicircular groove 521 are 2-5 cm.

[0086] In some embodiments, the first plate 51 and the second plate 52 are square with a side length of 0.5-1.5 m. The first plate 51 and the second plate 52 can also be rectangular with a length and width of 0.5-1.5 m.

[0087] In this solution, on the one hand, the first plate 51 and the second plate 52 provided with small holes are spliced ​​into a large plate by mortise and tenon joints, which has a good sealing and moisturizing effect on the sand surface, and can also provide long-term moisture guarantee for the growth of seedlings and improve the survival rate. On the other hand, the sand-fixing afforestation cover plate 5 is set in a splicing manner. When the plants grow up and the roots penetrate deep into the sand layer, they can be dismantled and transported to other sandy areas that need afforestation, so as to achieve multiple recycling. In addition, the lightweight foamed cement board with grass fiber added is laid in a splicing manner, which is convenient for transportation and construction.

[0088] In some embodiments, a sand-fixing afforestation covering film can also be used. The sand-fixing afforestation covering film has a long strip shape with a width of 2-10m and a length of 50-200m. The sand-fixing afforestation covering film is provided with small holes arranged in a square, with a side length of 0.5-1.5m, a hole spacing of 5-30cm, and a hole diameter of 2-4cm. The sand-fixing afforestation covering film here can also achieve similar functions to the above-mentioned sand-fixing afforestation covering board 5. The edges of the sand-fixing afforestation covering film and the small holes are both treated with thick plastic edging to increase the edge strength and tear resistance, so as to reduce the breakage rate during laying.

[0089] Specifically, the sand-fixing afforestation film is laid on the sand surface, and the four edges of the sand-fixing afforestation film are compacted deep in the sand layer to fix the edges. Then, drought-tolerant shrub seeds or shrub seedlings are sown in the small holes of the sand-fixing afforestation film, and leafy branches of easily accessible local plants such as poplar branches and cotton stalks are inserted in the holes to form an upright square sand-fixing structure. On the one hand, it can fix the quicksand, and on the other hand, it can block the wind and shade the plant seedlings, promoting the survival and growth of the plants. Finally, water is poured in and around the small holes, and the water flows into the small holes, increasing the humidity of the local sand layer, promoting the survival of seedlings and seed germination.

[0090] refer to Fig. 9 In some embodiments, the evaporated water collecting device 4 has a tent-like structure and includes a second greenhouse film 43, a greenhouse film supporting mechanism and a second water collecting mechanism. The second greenhouse film 43 is installed on the greenhouse film supporting mechanism to form a greenhouse-like structure. The second water collecting mechanism is arranged under the greenhouse-like structure to collect water captured by the greenhouse-like structure.

[0091] The greenhouse film support mechanism includes a plurality of keels 41, pillars 42 and plug boards 44. The pillars 42 are fixed to the ground in the vertical direction, one end of the keel 41 is fixed to the pillar 42, and the other end is inserted into the ground. A second greenhouse film 43 is laid on the keel to form a tent-like structure to collect moisture.

[0092] Specifically, the keel 41 can be a steel wire or a steel pipe with an arc. In a specific implementation scenario, four keels 41 can be selected, and four plug plates 44 can be selected. The four keels 41 can be steel wires or steel pipes with an arc, and the second greenhouse film 43 is glued and fixed to the outside of the keel 41, and glued and fixed to the four plug plates 44 at the bottom of the second greenhouse film 43. The plug plates 44 are inserted into the ground, which can fix the bottom of the second greenhouse film 43 and seal the second greenhouse film 43. The pillar 42 can be set to 1-3 meters, that is, the height of the tent-like structure is 1-3 meters. The four keels 41 are inserted into the ground and are rectangular on the ground with a side length of 1-3 meters.

[0093] refer to Fig.10 The second water collection mechanism includes a water collection strip 45, which can be a plastic sheet with a fishhook-shaped cross section. Specifically, the water collection strip 45 is arranged in a circle near the ground of the second greenhouse film 43, and the cross section of the water collection strip 45 is in the shape of a fishhook. The bottom of the junction of the two ends of the water collection strip 45 is connected to the planting component 2. The second water collection mechanism is connected to the infiltration pipe 23 of the planting component 2, and the infiltration pipe 23 is used to transport water to the sand fixation afforestation cover plate.

[0094] In this scheme, precipitation in desert areas is scarce, but the surface evaporation is huge. The evaporated water collection device 4 can utilize temperature differences to efficiently collect water evaporated from the surface. It is often used in sand vegetation construction and has the function of automatically collecting evaporated water over a large area. The collection efficiency is high, and fully automatic evaporated water collection and irrigation are realized.

[0095] This embodiment also provides a sand blocking and fog capturing protection method for desert areas. The method is implemented based on the aforementioned sand blocking and fog capturing protection system for desert areas, and the method includes:

[0096] The mist-capturing tower is used to capture the moisture in the wind, and the evaporative water collection device is used to capture the water vapor formed by the evaporation of surface water. The water collected by the mist-capturing tower and the evaporative water collection device is then transported to the bottom root system of the plant through the infiltration irrigation pipe of the planting assembly;

[0097] The shed-shaped sand-blocking and fog-catching barrier is used to capture moisture in the wind and directly transport the collected water to the surface roots of plants. The shed-shaped sand-blocking and fog-catching barrier is also used to block sand and dust that moves with the wind towards the protected object.

[0098] Specifically, the fog capture tower and the evaporated water collection device can automatically irrigate the two rows of vegetation within the shed-shaped sand-blocking and fog-catching barrier, promote vegetation growth, increase the near-surface density, and thus increase the accumulation of quicksand within and around the shed-shaped sand-blocking and fog-catching barrier, making the shed-shaped sand-blocking and fog-catching barrier produce better sand-blocking and sand-fixing effects.

[0099] The higher fog-catching tower can reduce the wind speed at high places to a certain extent. When encountering the double barrier of the lower shed-shaped sand-blocking fog-catching barrier, the wind speed at low places is more likely to drop, which promotes the accumulation and fixation of quicksand in the fog-catching barrier area. Therefore, the setting of the fog-catching tower enhances the sand-blocking and sand-fixing effect of the shed-shaped sand-blocking fog-catching barrier to a certain extent. Both the fog-catching tower and the shed-shaped sand-blocking fog-catching barrier block the wind and sand at the front, protecting the evaporative water collection device from strong wind erosion, and providing protection for the evaporative water collection device made of plastic with great wind resistance;

[0100] The vegetation in the shed-shaped sand-blocking fog-catching barrier has no moisturizing measures and requires a large amount of water, so the fog-catching tower and the shed-shaped sand-blocking fog-catching barrier are used for joint water supply. The vegetation in the sand-fixing afforestation cover area is well sealed and moisturized, and requires less water, so multiple evaporation water collection devices arranged in rows are used to automatically irrigate the multiple rows of vegetation under the sand-fixing afforestation cover. Therefore, this system is a coordinated water replenishment strategy taken into account the difference in water demand.

[0101] In summary, the overall early stage is mainly based on engineering measures, which collect natural water, automatically irrigate vegetation, moisturize and shade, block sand and fix sand, create suitable water and heat conditions for vegetation and promote its growth; the later stage is mainly based on vegetation, which plays a long-term role in blocking sand and fixing sand. The whole system is led by engineering measures and supplemented by plant measures, which work together to ensure strong sustainability and long engineering life.

[0102] It should be understood that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical concept and features of the present invention, and their purpose is to enable people familiar with the technology to understand the content of the present invention and implement it accordingly, and they cannot be used to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any equivalent changes or modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A sand blocking and fog capturing protection system for desert areas, characterized in that: It includes fog catching towers, shed-shaped sand blocking and fog catching barriers, sand fixation and afforestation covering plates and evaporation water collection devices respectively arranged in the first strip-shaped area, the second strip-shaped area, the third strip-shaped area and the fourth strip-shaped area. The first strip-shaped area, the second strip-shaped area, the third strip-shaped area and the fourth strip-shaped area are sequentially arranged in the upwind direction or the surrounding area of ​​the protection object along the main wind direction. The first strip-shaped area, the second strip-shaped area, the third strip-shaped area and the fourth strip-shaped area are parallel to each other and perpendicular to the main wind direction. Among them, the spacings between the first strip-shaped area, the second strip-shaped area, the third strip-shaped area and the fourth strip-shaped area are d1, d2 and d3 respectively, the value range of d1 is 5-10m, the value range of d2 is 10-50m, the value range of d3 is 2-5m, d1≤20H, d2+d3≤20h, H is the fog capture height of the fog capture tower, and h is the fog capture height of the shed-shaped sand-blocking fog capture barrier.

2. The sand blocking and fog capturing protection system for desert areas according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The fog catching tower includes a fog catching cylinder and a first water collecting mechanism, the fog catching cylinder includes a first three-dimensional net with an upright cylindrical structure, the d1≤20H, H is the layout height of the first three-dimensional net; the first three-dimensional net includes a plurality of first wire loops and a plurality of second wire loops, the first wire loops are formed by nylon wires extending and winding in a vertical direction, the second wire loops are formed by nylon wires extending and winding in a horizontal direction, the surfaces of the first wire loops and the second wire loops are respectively covered with a hydrophilic material film and a hydrophobic material film, and the ratio of the number of the first wire loops to the number of the second wire loops is greater than 4, the first water collecting mechanism is arranged below the fog catching cylinder, and is used to collect water formed by condensation of water vapor captured by the fog catching cylinder.

3. The sand blocking and fog capturing protection system for desert areas according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The fog catching tower also includes a column, and the fog catching cylinder also includes a frame, which is arranged in the vertical direction of the column. The frame includes an inner circle and an outer circle, and the inner circle and the outer circle are in a concentric circle structure. The inner circle is connected to the column and is connected to the outer circle through a suspension rope, and the height of the inner circle in the vertical direction is higher than the height of the outer circle in the vertical direction. A first three-dimensional net with a vertical cylindrical structure is arranged around the outer circle.

4. The sand blocking and fog capturing protection system for desert areas according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The first water collection mechanism includes an outer circle, a water collection steel ring, and a first shed film, which are enclosed to form a closed funnel-shaped structure, and the bottom of the funnel-shaped structure is connected to the infiltration and irrigation pipe of the planting component; the infiltration and irrigation pipe of the planting component is arranged inside the shed-shaped sand-blocking and fog-catching barrier; And / or, the height of the column is 415 meters and the outer diameter is 510 centimeters.

5. The sand blocking and fog capturing protection system for desert areas according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The first three-dimensional net has a layout height of 3-12 meters and a diameter of 1-3 meters; And / or, the first three-dimensional network has a porosity of 50-80% and a thickness of 0.5-3 cm; And / or, the diameter of the nylon thread is 0.3-2 mm.

6. The sand blocking and fog capturing protection system for desert areas according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The shed-shaped sand-blocking and fog-catching barrier comprises a second three-dimensional net with a shed-shaped long ridge structure, d2+d3≤20h, h is the height of the second three-dimensional net, the length direction of the second three-dimensional net is perpendicular to the main wind direction, the second three-dimensional net comprises a plurality of third wire loops and a plurality of fourth wire loops, the third wire loops are formed by extending and winding nylon wires in a direction perpendicular to the ground, the fourth wire loops are formed by extending and winding nylon wires in a horizontal direction, the surfaces of the third wire loops and the fourth wire loops are respectively covered with a hydrophilic material film and a hydrophobic material film, and the ratio of the number of the third wire loops to the number of the fourth wire loops is greater than 4; And / or, the shed-like sand-blocking and fog-catching barrier includes a shed frame, which includes an N-shaped frame and a cross bar. Both ends of the N-shaped frame are fixed to the ground, and the cross bar is arranged in parallel on the inner side of the N-shaped frame 31. A second three-dimensional net is laid on the N-shaped frame to form a shed-like long ridge structure.

7. The sand blocking and fog capturing protection system for desert areas according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The second three-dimensional net has a porosity of 50-80% and a thickness of 0.5-3 cm; and / or, the radial cross-section of the second three-dimensional net is n-shaped, with a height of 2-4 meters and a width of 1-3 meters; And / or, the permeability of the top of the second three-dimensional net is 70-80%, and the permeability of the two sides is 50-70%, and the permeability of the top of the second three-dimensional net is greater than the permeability of the two sides; And / or, the porosity of the second three-dimensional network is lower than the porosity of the first three-dimensional network.

8. The sand blocking and fog capturing protection system for desert areas according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The sand-fixing afforestation covering plate includes a first plate and a second plate. The first plate is provided with a first semicircular groove on the edge, and the second plate is provided with a second semicircular groove and a semicircular tenon on the edge. The semicircular tenon is aligned with the first semicircular groove and is mortise and tenon connected. The first semicircular groove is also spliced ​​with the second semicircular groove to form a small hole for grafting branches, sowing or planting seedlings.

9. The sand blocking and fog capturing protection system for desert areas according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The evaporated water collection device has a tent-like structure and includes a shed film, a shed film support mechanism and a second water collection mechanism. The shed film is installed on the shed film support mechanism to form a shed-like structure. The second water collection mechanism is arranged under the shed-like structure to collect water captured by the shed-like structure. The greenhouse film supporting mechanism includes a plurality of keels, pillars and plug plates. The pillars are fixed to the ground in a vertical direction. One end of the keel is fixed to the pillar and the other end is inserted into the ground. The second greenhouse film is laid on the keel.

10. A sand blocking and fog capturing protection method for desert areas, characterized in that: The method is implemented based on the sand blocking and fog capturing protection system for desert areas according to any one of claims 1 to 9, and the method comprises: The mist-capturing tower is used to capture the moisture in the wind, and the evaporative water collection device is used to capture the water vapor formed by the evaporation of surface water. The water collected by the mist-capturing tower and the evaporative water collection device is then transported to the bottom root system of the plant through the infiltration irrigation pipe of the planting assembly; The shed-shaped sand-blocking and fog-catching barrier captures moisture in the wind and directly delivers the collected water to the surface roots of plants. The shed-shaped sand-blocking and fog-catching barrier also blocks the sand and dust that moves with the wind towards the protected object. Sand-fixing afforestation cover boards are used to block the sand and dust that moves with the wind to the protected objects, and plants are planted on the sand-fixing afforestation cover boards to fix the sand and dust.

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