Floating type micro-flow hydroelectric power station

Abstract

The invention relates to a floating type micro-flow hydroelectric power station which comprises an adjusting water tank, a hydro-generator, a protective net, a first adjustable flow guide plate, a second adjustable flow guide plate, a flow guide plate support and a flow guide tank body. The adjusting water tank is a ballast water tank and is used for adjusting the balance and the draught depth of the power station; the hydro-generator is a vertical shaft type hydro-generator; the hydro-generator comprises a power generation impeller, a magnetic suspension bearing, a generator, a main control device, a hydraulic cylinder and a water turbine. The magnetic suspension bearings serve as axial and radial suspension supports, friction resistance is reduced to the maximum extent, and the starting flow speed is reduced. The main control device is used for controlling the magnetic suspension bearing in real time according to bearing and rotating speed of the power generation impeller rotating shaft. Compared with the prior art, the vertical shaft type water turbine is adopted, and the adaptability to water flow direction changes is high; the magnetic suspension bearing is adopted, friction resistance is reduced, and micro water flow can push the impeller to rotate; the vertical shaft type water turbine is simple in structure and high in adaptability to water flow direction changes.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of new energy technology, and in particular to a floating micro-flow hydroelectric power station. Background Art

[0002] The origin of micro-flow hydropower generation technology can be traced back to the early 20th century. With the rise of hydraulic engineering and the extensive construction of hydropower stations, people began to pay attention to the utilization of small-flow water resources. In the 1970s, with the increase of environmental awareness and the demand for the development of renewable energy, micro-flow hydropower generation gradually received attention. Entering the 21st century, with the advancement of science and technology and the increase in R&D investment, micro-flow hydropower generation technology has made significant progress in performance optimization, energy conservation and emission reduction.

[0003] Current status of micro-flow hydropower technology: 1. Turbine design At present, the turbine design of micro-flow hydropower generation is mainly divided into two categories: water turbines and turbines. Water turbines are suitable for low head and large flow scenarios, while turbines are suitable for high head and small flow scenarios. In terms of turbine design, researchers are constantly exploring new materials and optimizing blade shapes and structures to improve the efficiency and stability of turbines.

[0004] 2. Generator selection Commonly used generators for micro-flow hydropower generation include AC generators and DC generators. Among them, AC generators have higher voltage output and lower cost, so they are widely used in micro-flow hydropower generation. However, DC generators have higher efficiency and stability, and also have certain advantages in some special occasions.

[0005] 3. Hydropower station construction The construction of hydropower stations for micro-flow hydropower generation needs to consider factors such as terrain, water flow conditions, and environmental impacts. In terms of site selection, priority should be given to locations with stable water flow and moderate drop. In terms of hydropower station design, it is necessary to comprehensively consider factors such as structural safety, operation and maintenance, and environmental protection to ensure that the hydropower station can operate stably and for a long time.

[0006] However, the research on natural river flow power generation is still in the primary test stage at home and abroad. The power generation devices in the prior art have the defects of low power generation efficiency of small water flow, low adaptability to changes in water flow direction, and inconvenient maintenance. Summary of the invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a floating micro-flow hydroelectric power station in order to overcome the defects of the above-mentioned prior art. The vertical-axis water turbine is used, which has high adaptability to changes in water flow direction. The magnetic bearing is used to reduce friction resistance, and a tiny water flow can drive the impeller to rotate. The vertical-axis water turbine has a simple structure and high adaptability to changes in water flow direction.

[0008] The present invention proposes a damless hydroelectric power generation technology that utilizes the natural kinetic energy of water to generate electricity. This power generation method does not require damming and storage, and effectively solves the ecological and environmental problems that arise in traditional dam-type hydroelectric power generation. The present invention proposes a design scheme for a floating power station that utilizes the natural flow of rivers to generate electricity, in order to promote the development of hydropower and new energy and improve the future energy structure. The floating hydropower station utilizes the natural flow of rivers to generate electricity. Its principle is similar to that of wind power generation. Its working principle is as follows: the turbine blades generate lift and torque under the action of the water flow to drive the impeller to rotate around the main shaft, converting the kinetic energy of water into rotational mechanical energy, and then driving the generator to generate electricity through the hub, main shaft and transmission system, converting the mechanical energy into electrical energy. The electrical energy is then connected to the power grid after achieving frequency and voltage stabilization through electrical systems such as frequency converters.

[0009] The present invention provides a floating micro-flow hydroelectric power station, comprising: a regulating water tank, a hydro-generator, a protective net, a first adjustable guide plate, a second adjustable guide plate, a guide plate bracket, and a guide tank body; The overall structure is similar to a catamaran and can be used for bidirectional water flow power generation. The regulating water tank is a ballast water tank, which is used to adjust the balance and draft of the power station; the hydro-turbine generator is a vertical axis hydro-turbine generator, the generator part of the hydro-turbine generator is located above the water, and the turbine part of the hydro-turbine generator is located underwater, and the water entry depth is adjusted by adjusting the ballast water tank; the protective net is a protective device, which is used to intercept large floating objects coming with the water flow and protect the turbine; the first adjustable guide plate, the second adjustable guide plate, the guide plate bracket and the guide chamber body together constitute a guide mechanism; the two ends of the guide chamber body are in a trumpet shape, which is used to increase the water intake; the guide plate is controlled by a hydraulic rotation mechanism; the first adjustable guide plate and the second adjustable guide plate will swing left and right with the shaft pin as the axis according to the direction of the water flow. When the water flows in from the right side, the first adjustable guide plate swings rightward with the shaft pin as the axis to the right guide chamber body wall, thereby forming a water inlet trumpet; at the same time, the second adjustable guide plate swings to the middle position with the shaft pin as the axis to maximize the water outlet; The hydro-generator comprises: a power generation impeller, a magnetic bearing, a generator, a main control device, a hydraulic cylinder, and a water turbine; The magnetic bearing comprises: a first magnetic bearing and a second magnetic bearing. The magnetic bearing serves as an axial and radial suspension support to minimize friction resistance and reduce the starting flow rate. The main control device is used to control the magnetic bearing in real time according to the load and speed of the generator impeller shaft; it responds quickly to eliminate the impact of imbalance and enables it to rotate stably. The hydraulic cylinder can change the water depth of the turbine by lifting and lowering according to the change of the grid load to adjust the power generation capacity of the generator.

[0010] The upper and lower bearings of the turbine use magnetic suspension bearings. The magnetic suspension support technology uses the magnetic field force generated by the stator to balance the weight of the rotor itself and the external load, so that it is suspended in the air and separated from the stator. The magnetic suspension support technology replaces mechanical contact support with magnetic support. It is a new type of support bearing, usually called magnetic suspension bearing.

[0011] Due to the elimination of mechanical friction, magnetic bearings have many outstanding advantages such as high speed, low energy consumption, no mechanical wear, low noise, no lubrication medium, long life, flexible control, etc.

[0012] Furthermore, when the water flows from right to left, the first adjustable guide plate swings to the right with the shaft pin as the axis to the right side of the guide cabin wall, thereby forming a water inlet bell mouth, increasing the water flow rate and flow velocity at the turbine inlet, and the second adjustable guide plate is in the center position to maximize the water outlet, thereby reducing the outflow resistance of the water flow; due to the effect of tides, the flow direction of the river will change periodically. When the water flows from left to right, the second adjustable guide plate swings to the left along the guide plate bracket with the shaft pin as the axis to the guide cabin wall and opens, and the first adjustable guide plate is in the center position. The guide plate and the guide plate bracket are slidably connected, and the left and right swinging of the guide plate is achieved by a hydraulic rotation control mechanism.

[0013] Furthermore, the hydro-generator also includes an inverter output module, which monitors the voltage and current generated by the generator and controls the external output according to the size of the load.

[0014] Furthermore, the power generation impeller is in a vertical axis form with a simple structure and good starting performance, that is, the power generation impeller axis is perpendicular to the water surface, which facilitates the spatial arrangement of subsequent power generation unit integration.

[0015] Furthermore, the water turbine is made of lightweight aluminum alloy and has a structure of multi-stage impeller stacking, which can improve power generation efficiency, facilitate installation and maintenance, and reduce maintenance costs.

[0016] Furthermore, the magnetic bearing includes: a rotor, an electromagnetic stator, a radial magnetic bearing, a thrust magnetic bearing, and a displacement sensor; the rotor is rigidly connected to the power generation impeller, and its support includes radial and axial supports, which are respectively divided into thrust magnetic bearings and radial magnetic bearings due to the axial and radial separation of the load-bearing mechanical device and the water flow acting on the impeller.

[0017] Furthermore, the radial magnetic bearing includes: a first radial magnetic bearing and a second radial magnetic bearing.

[0018] Furthermore, the electromagnetic stator is controlled by two sets of independent excitation circuits.

[0019] Furthermore, the displacement sensor includes: a radial displacement sensor and an axial displacement sensor, which perform positioning monitoring on the radial fluctuation and axial displacement of the rotor for feedback signal.

[0020] Furthermore, the hydro-generator also includes an upper deck and a lower deck, wherein the upper deck is arranged between the hydraulic cylinder and the hydro-turbine, and the lower deck is arranged below the second magnetic bearing.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: (1) Multi-tank design facilitates adjustment of power station balance and draft depth.

[0022] (2) Magnetic bearings are used to reduce friction resistance, and a small water flow can drive the impeller to rotate.

[0023] (3) The generator load is adjusted by hydraulic cylinder, which is convenient and flexible.

[0024] (4) The adjustable diversion device enables the power station to adapt to the changes in water flow direction caused by the rising and falling tides of the Yangtze River and other rivers, and has strong adaptability.

[0025] (5) The protective device adopts a sharp arc shape, and floating objects can be easily washed away by the water flow.

[0026] (6) The turbine impeller is multi-stage rather than a single impeller, which facilitates installation and maintenance.

[0027] (7) When floating, hydroelectric power can penetrate into areas that are difficult to cover with traditional energy in an economical and effective way, thus solving energy problems in some areas. Compared with tidal energy and wind energy, it has stronger predictability and sustainability. It is easy to implement modular design, which is conducive to technology promotion. It has a short construction period, low investment and short payback period. Its power generation equipment can be hidden underwater and will not change the natural landscape.

[0028] (8) The vertical axis turbine has a simple structure and is highly adaptable to changes in water flow direction. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a floating micro-flow hydroelectric power station; Figure 2 This is the working flow diagram of the hydro-generator; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of a hydro-generator; Figure 4 This is a physical picture of the magnetic bearing; Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the structure of the magnetic bearing.

[0031] Figure numerals: 1-adjusting water tank; 2-hydraulic generator; 3-protective net; 4-first adjustable guide plate; 5-second adjustable guide plate; 6-guide plate bracket; 7-guide tank body; 8-generator; 9-first magnetic bearing; 10-second magnetic bearing; 11-hydraulic cylinder; 12-upper deck; 13-hydraulic turbine; 14-lower deck; 15-first radial magnetic bearing; 16-second radial magnetic bearing; 17-rotor; 18-radial displacement sensor; 19-axial displacement sensor; 20-electromagnetic stator; 21-thrust magnetic bearing; 22-axle pin. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Component models, material names, connection structures, control methods, algorithms and other features not clearly described in this technical solution are all considered to be common technical features disclosed in the prior art. Example 1

[0033] This embodiment provides a floating micro-flow hydroelectric power station. Figure 1 As shown, it includes: a regulating water tank 1, a turbine generator 2, a protective net 3, a first adjustable guide plate 4, a second adjustable guide plate 5, a guide plate bracket 6, and a guide tank body 7; The overall structure is similar to a catamaran and can be used for bidirectional water flow power generation, such as Figure 1 The regulating water tank 1 is a ballast water tank, which is used to adjust the balance and draft of the power station; the hydro-generator 2 is a vertical axis hydro-generator, the generator part of the hydro-generator 2 is located above the water, and the turbine part of the hydro-generator 2 is located under the water. The water entry depth is adjusted by adjusting the ballast water tank; the protection net 3 is a protection device, which is used to intercept large floating objects coming with the water flow and protect the turbine; the first adjustable guide plate 4, the second adjustable guide plate 5, the guide plate bracket 6 and the guide cabin body 7 together constitute the guide Mechanism; the two ends of the guide cabin 7 are in a trumpet shape, which is used to increase the water intake; the guide plate is controlled by a hydraulic rotation mechanism; the first adjustable guide plate 4 and the second adjustable guide plate 5 will swing left and right with the shaft pin 22 as the axis according to the direction of the water flow. When the water flows in from the right side, the first adjustable guide plate 4 swings rightward with the shaft pin 22 as the axis to the right wall of the guide cabin 7, thereby forming a water inlet trumpet; at the same time, the second adjustable guide plate 5 swings to the middle position with the shaft pin 22 as the axis to maximize the water outlet; like Figure 2 , 3 As shown, the hydro-generator 2 includes: a power generation impeller, a magnetic bearing, a generator 8, a main control device, a hydraulic cylinder 11, and a turbine 13; The magnetic bearing comprises: a first magnetic bearing 9 and a second magnetic bearing 10. The magnetic bearing serves as an axial and radial suspension support to minimize friction resistance and reduce the starting flow rate. The main control device is used to control the magnetic bearing in real time according to the load and speed of the generator impeller shaft; it responds quickly to eliminate the impact of imbalance and enables it to rotate stably. The hydraulic cylinder 11 can change the water depth of the turbine 13 by lifting and lowering according to the change of the grid load to adjust the power generation capacity of the generator 8.

[0034] The upper and lower bearings of the turbine 13 use magnetic suspension bearings. The magnetic suspension support technology uses the magnetic field force generated by the stator to balance the weight of the rotor itself and the external load, so that it is suspended in the air and separated from the stator. The magnetic suspension support technology replaces mechanical contact support with magnetic support, and is a new type of support bearing, which is usually called a magnetic suspension bearing.

[0035] Due to the elimination of mechanical friction, magnetic bearings have many outstanding advantages such as high speed, low energy consumption, no mechanical wear, low noise, no lubrication medium, long life, flexible control, etc.

[0036] In a specific embodiment, when the water flows from right to left, the first adjustable guide plate 4 swings rightward with the shaft pin 22 as the axis to the wall of the right guide cabin 7, thereby forming a water inlet bell mouth, increasing the inlet of the turbine 13. Figure 1 The water flow rate and flow rate shown by the red line in the middle, the second adjustable guide plate 5 is in the middle position to maximize the water outlet, thereby reducing the outflow resistance of the water flow; due to the tidal effect, the flow direction of the river water will change periodically. When the water flows from left to right, the second adjustable guide plate 5 is swung to the left along the guide plate bracket 6 with the shaft pin 22 as the axis until it opens on the wall of the guide cabin 7, and the first adjustable guide plate 4 is in the middle position. The guide plate and the guide plate bracket 6 are slidably connected, and the left and right swinging of the guide plate is achieved by a hydraulic rotation control mechanism.

[0037] In a specific implementation, the hydro-generator 2 further includes an inverter output module, which monitors the voltage and current generated by the generator 8 and controls the external output according to the size of the load.

[0038] In a specific implementation, the power generation impeller is in a vertical axis form with a simple structure and good starting performance, that is, the power generation impeller axis is perpendicular to the water surface, which facilitates the spatial arrangement of subsequent power generation unit integration.

[0039] In a specific implementation, the water turbine 13 is made of lightweight aluminum alloy and has a structure of multiple impellers stacked together, which can improve power generation efficiency, facilitate installation and maintenance, and reduce maintenance costs.

[0040] like Figure 4 , 5As shown, in a specific implementation, the magnetic bearing includes: a rotor 17, an electromagnetic stator 20, a radial magnetic bearing, a thrust magnetic bearing 21, and a displacement sensor; the rotor 17 is rigidly connected to the power generation impeller, and its support includes radial and axial supports, which are respectively divided into thrust magnetic bearings and radial magnetic bearings due to the axial and radial separation of the bearing mechanical device and the water flow acting on the impeller.

[0041] In a specific implementation, the radial magnetic bearing includes: a first radial magnetic bearing 15 and a second radial magnetic bearing 16 .

[0042] In a specific implementation, the electromagnetic stator 20 is controlled by two sets of independent excitation circuits.

[0043] In a specific implementation, the displacement sensor includes: a radial displacement sensor 18 and an axial displacement sensor 19, which perform positioning monitoring on the radial fluctuation and axial displacement of the rotor 17 for feedback signal.

[0044] In a specific implementation, the hydro-generator 2 further includes an upper deck 12 and a lower deck 14 , wherein the upper deck 12 is disposed between the hydraulic cylinder 11 and the turbine 13 , and the lower deck 14 is disposed below the second magnetic bearing 10 .

[0045] Components not described in detail in this embodiment are all existing components that can be purchased through public channels.

[0046] The above description of the embodiments is to facilitate the understanding and use of the invention by those skilled in the art. It is obvious that those skilled in the art can easily make various modifications to these embodiments and apply the general principles described herein to other embodiments without creative work. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and improvements and modifications made by those skilled in the art based on the disclosure of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention should be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A floating micro-flow hydroelectric power station, characterized in that: include: A regulating water tank (1), a hydro-generator (2), a protective net (3), a first adjustable guide plate (4), a second adjustable guide plate (5), a guide plate bracket (6), and a guide tank body (7); The regulating water tank (1) is a ballast water tank, which is used to adjust the balance and draft of the power station; the hydro-turbine generator (2) is a vertical axis hydro-turbine generator, the generator part of the hydro-turbine generator (2) is located above the water, and the turbine part of the hydro-turbine generator (2) is located under the water, and the water entry depth is adjusted by adjusting the ballast water tank; the protection net (3) is a protection device, which is used to intercept large floating objects accompanying the water flow and protect the turbine; the first adjustable guide plate (4), the second adjustable guide plate (5), the guide plate bracket (6) and the guide tank body (7) together constitute a guide plate. The guide chamber (7) has two ends in a bell-mouth shape for increasing the amount of water inlet; the guide plate is controlled by a hydraulic rotation mechanism; the first adjustable guide plate (4) and the second adjustable guide plate (5) will swing left and right with the shaft pin (22) as the axis according to the direction of the water flow; when the water flows in from the right side, the first adjustable guide plate (4) swings rightward with the shaft pin (22) as the axis to the right side of the guide chamber (7) wall, thereby forming a water inlet bell mouth; at the same time, the second adjustable guide plate (5) swings to the middle position with the shaft pin (22) as the axis to maximize the water outlet; The hydro-generator (2) comprises: a power generation impeller, a magnetic bearing, a generator (8), a main control device, a hydraulic cylinder (11), and a hydro-turbine (13); The magnetic suspension bearing comprises: a first magnetic suspension bearing (9) and a second magnetic suspension bearing (10), the magnetic suspension bearing serving as axial and radial suspension supports to reduce friction resistance and lower the starting flow rate; the main control device is used to control the magnetic suspension bearing in real time according to the load and rotation speed of the generating impeller shaft; the hydraulic cylinder (11) can change the water entry depth of the turbine (13) by lifting and lowering according to changes in the load of the power grid to adjust the power generation capacity of the generator (8).

2. A floating micro-flow hydroelectric power station according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the water flows from right to left, the first adjustable guide plate (4) swings rightward with the shaft pin (22) as the axis to the right wall of the guide chamber (7), thereby forming a water inlet bell mouth, increasing the water flow rate and flow velocity at the inlet of the turbine (13), and the second adjustable guide plate (5) is in the middle position to maximize the water outlet, thereby reducing the outflow resistance of the water flow; when the water flows from left to right, the second adjustable guide plate (5) swings leftward with the shaft pin (22) as the axis along the guide plate bracket (6) to the guide chamber (7) wall and opens, and the first adjustable guide plate (4) is in the middle position, the guide plate and the guide plate bracket (6) are slidably connected, and the left and right swinging of the guide plate is achieved by a hydraulic rotation control mechanism.

3. A floating micro-flow hydroelectric power station according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hydro-generator (2) further comprises an inverter output module, which monitors the voltage and current generated by the generator (8) and controls the external output according to the size of the load.

4. A floating micro-flow hydroelectric power station according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power generation impeller is in the form of a vertical axis, that is, the power generation impeller axis is perpendicular to the water surface.

5. A floating micro-flow hydroelectric power station according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water turbine (13) is made of a lightweight aluminum alloy and has a structure in which multiple impellers are stacked.

6. A floating micro-flow hydroelectric power station according to claim 1, characterized in that: The magnetic suspension bearing comprises: a rotor (17), an electromagnetic stator (20), a radial magnetic suspension bearing, a thrust magnetic suspension bearing (21), and a displacement sensor; the rotor (17) is rigidly connected to the power generation impeller.

7. A floating micro-flow hydroelectric power station according to claim 6, characterized in that: The radial magnetic suspension bearing comprises: a first radial magnetic suspension bearing (15) and a second radial magnetic suspension bearing (16).

8. A floating micro-flow hydroelectric power station according to claim 6, characterized in that: The electromagnetic stator (20) is controlled by two sets of independent excitation circuits.

9. A floating micro-flow hydroelectric power station according to claim 6, characterized in that: The displacement sensor comprises a radial displacement sensor (18) and an axial displacement sensor (19), which performs positioning monitoring on the radial fluctuation and axial displacement of the rotor (17) for feedback signals.

10. A floating micro-flow hydroelectric power station according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hydro-generator (2) further comprises an upper deck (12) and a lower deck (14), wherein the upper deck (12) is arranged between the hydraulic cylinder (11) and the hydro-turbine (13), and the lower deck (14) is arranged below the second magnetic bearing (10).

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