Maintenance and management method for underground mine roadway supporting device

Abstract

The invention discloses a maintenance management method for an underground mine roadway supporting device, and relates to the field related to the technical field of mine engineering.The method comprises the steps that roadway surrounding rock supporting requirements and structural information of the mine roadway supporting device are obtained, the structure is analyzed, and the supporting effectiveness (range and stress distribution) is determined; the method comprises the following steps: determining support distribution information according to surrounding rock requirements and structure distribution, evaluating a support requirement proportion and configuring a maintenance weight based on fused related data, collecting device monitoring data (surface, stress and displacement) through monitoring equipment, performing stability evaluation based on the weight and the data, and determining maintenance requirements and positioning according to an evaluation result. The technical problems that in the prior art, maintenance only aims at the integrity of a supporting device, targeted monitoring on distribution of supporting requirements is lacked, and supporting is insufficient are solved, and the technical effects that the safety and stability of a roadway are guaranteed, the mine production efficiency is improved, and cost and accident risks are reduced are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of mining engineering technology, and in particular to a maintenance and management method for an underground mine tunnel support device. Background Art

[0002] In underground mining, the stability of tunnel support devices is related to the safety and efficiency of the entire mine production. However, there are many drawbacks in the current maintenance and management of tunnel support devices. First, the judgment of the tunnel surrounding rock support needs is not accurate enough, either insufficient support strength causes safety accidents, or excessive support causes waste of resources. Second, the effectiveness evaluation of the various components of the support device is not comprehensive enough, and its performance advantages cannot be fully explored. Third, the support distribution planning lacks a scientific basis, and it is difficult to achieve the ideal support effect. Fourth, the maintenance and management work is blind and disorderly, and lacks targeted strategies based on precise monitoring data and scientific analysis, resulting in low maintenance efficiency, rising costs, and even affecting the normal production operation of the mine. In view of this, it is urgent to develop a more scientific, accurate and efficient maintenance and management method for underground mine tunnel support devices.

[0003] In the current relevant technologies, maintenance is only aimed at the integrity of the support device, and there is a lack of targeted monitoring on the distribution of support needs, which leads to the technical problem of the risk of insufficient support. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present application provides a maintenance and management method for underground mine tunnel support devices, which obtains the tunnel surrounding rock support requirements and the mine tunnel support device structure information, analyzes the structure to determine the support effectiveness (range, force distribution), determines the support distribution information according to the surrounding rock requirements and the structural distribution, and based on this, integrates relevant data to evaluate the support demand ratio and configure maintenance weights. The monitoring data (surface, force, displacement) of the device is collected through monitoring equipment, and stability evaluation is performed based on the weights and data. The maintenance requirements are determined and located according to the evaluation results, thereby achieving the technical effects of ensuring the safety and stability of the tunnel, improving mine production efficiency, and reducing costs and accident risks.

[0005] The present application provides a maintenance and management method for an underground mine tunnel support device, comprising:

[0006] Obtain the support requirements of the tunnel surrounding rock and collect the structural information of the mine tunnel support device; perform structural analysis based on the structural information to determine the support effectiveness of each component structure, including the support range and force distribution; determine the support distribution information based on the support requirements of the tunnel surrounding rock and the distribution relationship of the structural information; perform matching and fusion based on the support distribution information, the support range and the force distribution, evaluate the support demand ratio of each support range, and configure the maintenance weight of each component structure according to the support demand ratio; collect the device monitoring data of the mine tunnel support device through monitoring equipment, and the device monitoring data includes surface monitoring data, structural force data and structural displacement data; based on the maintenance weight, perform device stability evaluation according to the device monitoring data; determine the maintenance requirements according to the device stability evaluation results, and perform maintenance positioning based on the device monitoring data.

[0007] A maintenance and management method for underground mine tunnel support devices proposed in this application first obtains the tunnel surrounding rock support requirements and the mine tunnel support device structural information, analyzes the structure to determine the support effectiveness (range, force distribution), and determines the support distribution information based on the surrounding rock requirements and structural distribution. Based on this, the relevant data is integrated to evaluate the support demand ratio and configure maintenance weights. The monitoring data (surface, force, displacement) of the device is collected through monitoring equipment, and stability evaluation is performed based on weights and data. Maintenance requirements are determined and located according to the evaluation results, thereby achieving the technical effect of ensuring the safety and stability of the tunnel, improving mine production efficiency, and reducing costs and accident risks. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0008] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention, the accompanying drawings of the embodiment of the present invention will be briefly introduced below. A flow chart is used in the present application to illustrate the operations performed by the system according to the embodiment of the present application. It should be understood that the preceding or following operations are not necessarily performed accurately in order. On the contrary, various steps S may be processed in reverse order or simultaneously as needed. At the same time, other operations may also be added to these processes, or one or more operations may be removed from these processes.

[0009] Figure 1 A flowchart of a maintenance and management method for an underground mine tunnel support device provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0010] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of the present application. In order to more clearly understand the technical means of the present application, it can be implemented in accordance with the contents of the specification. In order to make the above and other purposes, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, the specific implementation methods of the present application are listed below.

[0011] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present application clearer, the present application will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The described embodiments should not be regarded as limiting the present application. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in the field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0012] In the following description, reference is made to "some embodiments", which describe a subset of all possible embodiments, but it is understood that "some embodiments" may be the same subset or different subsets of all possible embodiments, and may be combined with each other without conflict, and the terms "first\second" involved are merely to distinguish similar objects and do not represent a specific ordering of objects. The terms "including" and "having" and any variations are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions, for example, a process, method, system, product, or server that includes a series of steps S or units is not necessarily limited to those steps S or units that are clearly listed, but may include other steps S or modules that are not clearly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products, or devices. Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as those generally understood by technicians in the technical field of this application. The terms used herein are for the purpose of describing the embodiments of the present application only.

[0013] The present application embodiment provides a maintenance and management method for an underground mine tunnel support device, such as Figure 1 As shown, the method includes:

[0014] Step S100, obtain the support requirements of the tunnel surrounding rock, and collect the structural information of the mine tunnel support device. Specifically, the geological environment of the tunnel is surveyed, including detailed investigation and analysis of rock types, geological structures, and stratigraphic distribution. The physical and mechanical properties of the rock, such as hardness, strength, brittleness and other parameters, are obtained through geological drilling, core sampling and other means. Geological detection technologies such as geological radar and seismic wave detection are used to understand the internal structure of the tunnel surrounding rock and potential geological defects, such as faults, cracks, weak interlayers, etc. For the stress state of the tunnel surrounding rock, stress measuring instruments, such as stress sensors and drilling stress relief methods, are used to accurately measure the size and direction of the original rock stress in the surrounding rock, and analyze the purpose of the tunnel, mining depth, mining method, etc. In order to understand the impact of factors on support requirements, in terms of collecting structural information of mine tunnel support devices, comprehensive measurements and records are made on the installed support devices, including the types of support components, such as anchor rods, anchor cables, metal brackets, etc., and detailed records are made of parameters such as the length, diameter, spacing, preload force, etc. of the anchor rods and anchor cables. For metal brackets, information such as their material, model, size, and connection method should be recorded. The layout of the support structure should be examined, such as whether it is symmetrically distributed and whether it is perpendicular to the direction of the tunnel. Attention should be paid to the contact between the support structure and the surrounding rock, whether it fits tightly and whether there are gaps, etc., to provide a solid data foundation and reliable basis for the subsequent maintenance and management of the support device.

[0015] In a possible implementation, the support requirements of the tunnel surrounding rock are obtained, and the structural information of the mine tunnel support device is collected. Step S100 further includes step S110, according to the geological conditions and rock strength of the tunnel surrounding rock, the stress intensity and stress distribution are determined by simulation calculation through the simulation model. Specifically, the geological conditions of the tunnel surrounding rock are investigated, and the details such as rock type, rock layer structure, geological structure, etc. are fully understood, and the relevant physical and mechanical parameters such as rock strength are accurately measured. The data is used to build a sophisticated simulation model. In the simulation model, the geological conditions and rock strength information are input, and the stress intensity and stress distribution of the tunnel surrounding rock are determined through complex calculations and analysis.

[0016] Step S120, based on the stress intensity and stress distribution, simulate the stability and deformation under different support schemes, and select the support schemes whose stability and deformation meet the requirements. Specifically, based on the obtained stress intensity and stress distribution results, construct a variety of different support schemes, in each support scheme, set the type, parameters, layout of the support structure in detail, use the simulation model to simulate different support schemes, calculate the stability and deformation of the tunnel under each scheme, and by comparing and analyzing these simulation results, select the support schemes whose stability and deformation can meet the preset requirements, and select the support schemes that meet the requirements.

[0017] Step S130, the stress intensity and stress distribution characteristics of the support scheme are disassembled to obtain the support requirements. Specifically, for the support schemes that meet the requirements, in-depth stress intensity and stress distribution characteristics are disassembled to analyze how the stress is transmitted and distributed in the surrounding rock and the support structure under the action of the support scheme, as well as the change in strength. Through careful disassembly and analysis, the specific support conditions and parameters required for the tunnel surrounding rock in order to achieve the expected stability and deformation control effect are clarified, so as to finally obtain accurate and detailed support requirements. From the initial geological condition analysis to simulation calculation, and then to the screening of support schemes and the determination of the final support requirements, it is ensured that the obtained support requirements are scientific and reasonable, and can provide a reliable basis for the subsequent maintenance and management of tunnel support devices.

[0018] Step S200, structural analysis is performed according to the structural information to determine the support effectiveness of each component structure, including the support range and force distribution. Specifically, after obtaining the structural information of the mine tunnel support device, the information is carefully classified and sorted. The structural information includes detailed parameters such as the geometric dimensions, material properties, connection methods, and installation positions of various support components. Professional structural analysis methods and tools, such as finite element analysis software or mechanical calculation models, are used to deeply analyze the structural information. Taking anchor cable support as an example, factors such as the length, diameter, preload force, and arrangement angle and position of the anchor cable in the tunnel will be considered. In the analysis process, mathematical models and mechanical equations are established to simulate the response of the support structure under the pressure of the tunnel surrounding rock. For the determination of the support range, the effective action area of ​​the support components and their mutual influence and synergy will be comprehensively considered. For example, the support range of the anchor rod not only depends on its own length and installation density, but also on the spacing between adjacent anchor rods and the coordination with other support components (such as anchor cables, metal meshes, etc.).

[0019] In a possible implementation, a structural analysis is performed based on the structural information to determine the support effectiveness of each component structure, including the support range and force distribution. Step S200 further includes step S210, which extracts structural features based on the structural information, including anchor length, diameter, preload, support thickness and strength. Specifically, key structural features are extracted from the acquired structural information. For anchors, their length, diameter, preload and other parameters are accurately measured and recorded; for support parts, their thickness and strength are accurately measured. These structural feature data are the basis for subsequent analysis.

[0020] Step S220, according to the structural features, finite element analysis is used to perform structural stress and deformation analysis. Specifically, according to the extracted structural features, the finite element analysis method is used to divide the entire support structure into many tiny units, and each unit is assigned corresponding material properties and boundary conditions, and various loads applied to the support structure by the tunnel surrounding rock are simulated. Finite element analysis software is used for calculation and solution, and the stress and deformation of each unit are iteratively calculated. The results are continuously adjusted and optimized to ensure their accuracy and convergence. After multiple iterations, a stable and reliable result is finally obtained, including detailed information such as stress, strain and displacement of each unit. The calculated results are post-processed and analyzed, and the stress distribution cloud map and deformation displacement cloud map of the support structure are displayed in a visual way, which parts of the structure are subjected to greater stress and which parts are more severely deformed. The data of key nodes and parts are extracted for detailed analysis to deeply understand the stress and deformation characteristics of the support structure, and provide important basis and guidance for subsequent design optimization and maintenance management.

[0021] Step S230, according to the results of the structural stress and deformation analysis, determine the stress distribution and support range of each component structure, and obtain the support effectiveness. Specifically, after obtaining the results of the structural stress and deformation analysis, the data is deeply interpreted and analyzed. By checking the stress values ​​and deformations of each unit, the stress distribution of each component in the support structure can be determined. For example, it is clear which parts are subjected to greater tension and which parts are mainly subjected to pressure. According to the distribution of deformation, combined with the structural characteristics and stress conditions, the range in which the support structure can effectively play a role can be defined, that is, the support range. The information on the stress distribution and support range is combined to obtain the support effectiveness of each component structure. The support effectiveness reflects the ability of the support structure to resist the surrounding rock pressure and maintain the stability of the tunnel.

[0022] Step S300, according to the support demand of the tunnel surrounding rock and based on the distribution relationship of the structural information, the support distribution information is determined. Specifically, the support demand of the tunnel surrounding rock is analyzed, including a detailed study of the data related to the support demand such as stress intensity and stress distribution determined by the previous step S such as simulation calculation, scheme screening and disassembly, to clarify the stress size and direction that the tunnel surrounding rock needs to bear in different positions and regions, as well as the support strength and type required to achieve a stable state, and to obtain and organize the distribution relationship of the structural information of the support device, covering detailed information such as the installation position, spacing, arrangement of support components (such as anchor rods, anchor cables, etc.), and the coverage and thickness distribution of support materials (such as concrete layers, metal meshes, etc.), and comprehensively compare and analyze the distribution relationship between the support demand of the tunnel surrounding rock and the structural information of the support device, taking into account the differences in surrounding rock stress in different regions and the existing support structures in various positions. The support effectiveness that the equipment can provide, for example, for areas with greater stress, check whether the current support structure distribution is dense and strong enough; for areas with relatively small stress, evaluate whether the existing support configuration is excessive. Through analysis, according to the specific support needs of the tunnel surrounding rock at different positions, combined with the actual distribution of the current support structure information, the distribution of support devices is optimized and adjusted to determine which positions need to increase the number of support components or enhance their performance, and which positions can be appropriately reduced or maintained as they are, to form clear support distribution information. The information will describe in detail how the support devices should be reasonably distributed throughout the tunnel, including the specific layout positions, quantities and parameters of different types of support components, to ensure that the support needs of the tunnel surrounding rock can be effectively met and the stability and safety of the tunnel can be achieved.

[0023] In a possible implementation, according to the support requirements of the surrounding rock of the tunnel, based on the distribution relationship of the structural information, support distribution information is determined, and step S300 further includes step S310, determining the stress intensity and stress distribution according to the support requirements. Specifically, according to the support requirements that have been clarified, in-depth analysis is conducted, and the calculation, simulation and analysis results previously made are reviewed to accurately determine the specific conditions of stress intensity and stress distribution. For example, through complex mechanical models and numerical calculations, the magnitude and value of the stress borne by the surrounding rock at different positions in the tunnel, as well as the direction of action and change trend of the stress are clarified.

[0024] Step S320, based on the structural information, obtain the installation space distribution. Specifically, based on the obtained support device structural information, obtain the distribution of its installation space, including the measurement of the actual size and shape of the tunnel, and the detailed record of the space occupied by the installed support components, while taking into account the influence of obstacles, equipment and other factors that may exist in the tunnel on the installation space.

[0025] Step S330, allocate space demand for the installation space distribution according to the stress intensity and stress distribution, and determine the support distribution information, which is used to characterize the distribution demand of support demand within the spatial range. Specifically, the determined stress intensity and stress distribution are comprehensively considered with the obtained installation space distribution. For areas with higher stress intensity, more installation space is allocated for enhanced support. For areas with relatively small stress, the space allocation is reduced accordingly or the existing support configuration is maintained. The performance characteristics and installation requirements of the support device are fully considered to ensure the rationality and effectiveness of space allocation. For example, if the stress intensity in a certain area is extremely high, it may be necessary to add more high-strength anchor rods or increase the arrangement of support components in the area, which requires allocating a larger installation space to meet the support demand. Finally, through the space demand allocation, detailed support distribution information is determined, which clearly shows the specific demand for support at different positions within the spatial range of the entire tunnel. For example, in a specific area at the top of the tunnel, a specific number and specification of anchor cables need to be installed to meet the support demand; at a certain position on the side wall of the tunnel, a certain density of anchor rods needs to be arranged.

[0026] Step S400, based on the support distribution information, the support range and the force distribution, matching and fusion are performed, the support demand ratio of each support range is evaluated, and the maintenance weight of each component structure is configured according to the support demand ratio. Specifically, the previously determined support distribution information, support range and force distribution and other related data are obtained and sorted. The data contains detailed information about each key aspect of the tunnel support. The support distribution information, support range and force distribution data are matched and fused. It is necessary to establish a unified data processing framework to associate and integrate data from different aspects. For example, the support distribution of a specific area is matched with the range that the support in the area can cover and the size and direction of the actual force. After completing the data fusion, the support demand of each support range is evaluated. By comparing the actual force of the range with the force that the ideal support can withstand, the support demand ratio of the range is calculated. Complex mechanical calculations and analysis are involved to determine the proportion of each support range in the overall support demand. For example, a certain support range withstands If the force is large, but the effectiveness provided by the existing support is relatively low, then its support demand ratio will be high. According to the calculated support demand ratio, the corresponding maintenance weight is configured for each component structure. The maintenance weight reflects the importance and priority of each component structure in the maintenance work. The higher the support demand ratio is, the higher the maintenance weight of the corresponding component structure is, which means that more attention and resource investment are needed in the maintenance work. When configuring the maintenance weight, the importance, fragility and difficulty of maintenance of the structure are considered. For the key and easily damaged support structure, even if its current support demand ratio is not the highest, it may be given a relatively high maintenance weight. Through the matching fusion, evaluation and weight configuration process, it is ensured that resources are reasonably allocated, the reliability and service life of the support device are improved, and the safety and stability of the tunnel are guaranteed.

[0027] In a possible implementation, matching and fusion are performed based on the support distribution information, the support range and the force distribution, the support demand ratio of each support range is evaluated, and the maintenance weight of each component structure is configured according to the support demand ratio. Step S400 further includes step S410, using the support range and force distribution to draw a force distribution diagram of the mine tunnel support device to characterize the bearing capacity of each interval. Specifically, the previously determined support range and force distribution data are processed and analyzed. For the support range, the specific boundaries and range divisions of each different area are clarified. For the force distribution, the size, direction and type of force (such as tension, pressure, shear, etc.) borne by each area are recorded in detail.

[0028] Step S420, using the support distribution information, draw a stress distribution diagram of the support demand. Specifically, using the sorted data, a force distribution diagram of the mine tunnel support device is drawn through professional drawing software or tools. In the diagram, different colors, lines or shadows are used to represent different force magnitudes and directions, clearly showing the bearing capacity of each interval.

[0029] Step S430, establish a mapping relationship between the force distribution diagram and the required stress distribution diagram to determine the bearing capacity-required stress relationship. Specifically, based on the acquired support distribution information, a required stress distribution diagram of the support requirement is also drawn using drawing technology, in which the required degree of support stress at different locations is accurately marked.

[0030] Step S440, according to the bearing capacity-required stress relationship, obtain the support demand ratio, and locate the support range based on the force distribution map. Specifically, establish a mapping relationship between the force distribution map and the required stress distribution map, compare and associate the two maps, find the corresponding data of the same position or area in the two maps, and determine the quantitative relationship between the bearing capacity and the required stress. For example, for a specific area, compare its actual bearing capacity in the force distribution map and the required stress in the required stress distribution map, calculate the difference or proportional relationship between the two, and further calculate and analyze the support demand ratio of each support range according to the determined bearing capacity-required stress relationship. The demand ratio reflects the importance of the support demand of the area relative to the overall demand. Based on the force distribution map, the support range can be accurately located. By checking the areas with larger or more concentrated forces in the force distribution map, the specific positions and ranges that need to be focused on are clarified, providing strong support and basis for subsequent maintenance, optimization and decision-making.

[0031] In a possible implementation, the support demand ratio is obtained according to the bearing capacity-required stress relationship, and the support range is located based on the force distribution diagram. Step S440 further includes step S441, extracting the force value and the required stress value according to the bearing capacity-required stress relationship. Specifically, based on the established bearing capacity-required stress relationship, the force value and the required stress value corresponding to each specific area or position are accurately extracted from the relevant data set or chart. When extracting the force value, the data representation method and unit in the force distribution diagram are carefully analyzed, and the force value at the specified position is accurately read. The value reflects the actual force from the surrounding rock of the tunnel and other aspects that the area is subjected to. For the extraction of the required stress value, the corresponding position is also found according to the markings and scales in the required stress distribution diagram, and the required stress value represented by it is obtained. The value reflects the stress level required under ideal conditions to maintain the stability and safety of the area.

[0032] Step S442, using the formula: support demand ratio = force value ÷ required stress value, obtain the support demand ratio. Specifically, the extracted force value and required stress value are substituted into the formula "support demand ratio = force value ÷ required stress value" for calculation. During the calculation process, the mathematical operation rules are strictly followed to ensure the accuracy of the numerical values ​​and the reliability of the calculation results. If the force value is less than the required stress value, it means that the support demand in the area has not been fully met, and the support demand ratio is less than 1; on the contrary, if the force value is greater than the required stress value, it indicates that the area may be over-supported, and the support demand ratio is greater than 1. By extracting data and calculating the process, the accurate support demand ratio of each area can be obtained, which provides a key quantitative basis for subsequent support structure optimization, maintenance decisions, etc.

[0033] Step S500, collecting the device monitoring data of the mine tunnel support device through monitoring equipment, the device monitoring data includes surface monitoring data, structural stress data, and structural displacement data. Specifically, various types of monitoring equipment are arranged in the mine tunnel. For the collection of surface monitoring data, a high-definition camera or sensor will be installed on the surface of the support device. The equipment can capture or sense the surface condition of the support device in real time, such as whether there are cracks, damage, corrosion, etc. In order to obtain structural stress data, stress sensors are installed at key support structure locations. The sensors can accurately measure the magnitude and changes of various forces such as tension, pressure, shear force, etc. borne by the support structure. They are carefully installed in positions that may be subject to greater stress or more frequent changes in stress, such as the anchoring end of the anchor rod, the tensioning end of the anchor cable, the connection of the bracket, etc. For the collection of structural displacement data, a high-precision displacement sensor or laser rangefinder will be used. The equipment is installed between the support structure and the tunnel enclosure. The contact parts of the rock and the key nodes of the support structure can monitor the displacement of the support structure relative to the surrounding rock in real time, including the horizontal displacement, vertical displacement and the change of the inclination angle. After the monitoring equipment is installed, it will be debugged and calibrated to ensure that it can work accurately and stably, continuously collect data, and transmit the data to the central data processing system in real time. The central data processing system will preliminarily organize and classify the received data, remove obvious noise and erroneous data, and store the data in real time for subsequent in-depth analysis and processing. Through the layout of monitoring equipment and the data collection system, the surface monitoring data, structural force data and structural displacement data of the mine tunnel support device can be obtained, providing a reliable basis for subsequent analysis and decision-making.

[0034] In a possible implementation, the device monitoring data of the mine tunnel support device is collected by monitoring equipment, and the device monitoring data includes surface monitoring data, structural stress data, and structural displacement data. Step S500 further includes step S510, which collects images of the surface structure of the mine tunnel support device by deploying cameras to identify surface damage and aging characteristics as the surface monitoring data. Specifically, cameras are deployed at key positions and different angles of the mine tunnel support device. The cameras are carefully located to ensure that they can fully cover the surface of the support device. The cameras will capture images of the surface structure of the support device at a set frequency and resolution. The collected image data will be transmitted to the image processing system. Through advanced image recognition technology and algorithms, the images are analyzed to identify surface damage, such as the length, width and depth of cracks, and aging characteristics of surface materials, such as color changes, peeling, etc. The recognition results are sorted and recorded as surface monitoring data.

[0035] Step S520, by means of the stress monitoring equipment distributedly arranged on the mine tunnel support device, the stress monitoring data is collected, and according to the position positioning structure of the monitoring equipment, the corresponding relationship between the positioning structure and the stress monitoring data is established to obtain the structural stress data. Specifically, for the collection of structural stress data, the position is pre-planned on the mine tunnel support device, and the stress monitoring equipment is distributedly arranged. The equipment can sense the stress changes borne by the support device at different parts. When the stress monitoring equipment collects stress data, the specific position of each monitoring equipment and the corresponding support structure are recorded at the same time. By establishing a detailed corresponding table or database of the position and data, it is ensured that each stress monitoring data can be accurately associated with the corresponding positioning structure.

[0036] Step S530, install a separation monitor on the top plate and side wall of the tunnel to monitor the relative displacement between the surrounding rock and the mine tunnel support device, and obtain the structural displacement data. Specifically, in terms of obtaining structural displacement data, a high-precision separation monitor is installed on the top plate and side wall of the tunnel. The monitor can keenly sense the change in the relative position between the surrounding rock and the mine tunnel support device. The separation monitor will continuously measure and record the displacement. By monitoring and analyzing the displacement over a period of time, the trend and amplitude of the relative displacement between the support device and the surrounding rock can be understood, so as to accurately obtain the structural displacement data. Through equipment layout and data acquisition methods, the surface monitoring data, structural force data and structural displacement data of the mine tunnel support device are obtained, providing strong support for subsequent analysis and decision-making.

[0037] Step S600, based on the maintenance weight, the stability evaluation of the device is performed according to the device monitoring data. Specifically, the maintenance weight is a set of values ​​obtained according to relevant standards, experience or specific algorithms, which are used to measure the relative importance of different monitoring data in the stability evaluation. After obtaining the device monitoring data, each data is analyzed and processed separately. For the surface monitoring data, that is, the image data of the surface structure of the mine tunnel support device collected by the deployment of cameras, the image recognition technology and algorithm are used to identify the surface damage, aging and other features in detail. These features can be converted into specific quantitative indicators, such as the area of ​​damage, the degree of aging, etc. For the structural force data collected by the stress monitoring equipment, the corresponding relationship is established according to the position positioning structure of the deployment of the monitoring equipment to determine the force condition of each position. These force data may include specific values ​​such as tension, pressure, and shear force. For the structural displacement data obtained by the delamination monitors installed on the roof and side walls of the tunnel, the relative displacement of the surrounding rock and the mine tunnel support device is clarified. According to the maintenance weight, the monitoring data of each device are comprehensively analyzed to evaluate the stability of the device, and corresponding weights are assigned to the quantitative indicators of each monitoring data. The size of the weight reflects the importance of the indicator in the overall stability evaluation. For example, the severity of surface damage may be assigned a higher weight if the surface damage has a greater impact on the stability of the device; and some smaller displacements may be assigned lower weights. Based on the assigned weights, weighted calculations are performed on each quantitative indicator, and a certain threshold or standard range is set. The calculation results are compared with them to determine the stability status of the device. If the comprehensive indicator value is within the acceptable range, the device may be stable. If it is within the acceptable range, it means that the device is relatively stable; if it is beyond the range, it may indicate that there are stability problems with the device. Further in-depth analysis of the impact of various monitoring data and their weights is required. If the comprehensive index value is not ideal, you can check which specific monitoring data have a greater impact on the result, that is, their corresponding weights are higher but the actual index values ​​are poor. This helps to find out the possible weak links in the device or the parts that need to be focused on. According to the results of the stability evaluation, formulate corresponding maintenance, repair or improvement measures. If the stability of the device is good, routine monitoring can continue; if stability problems are found, targeted measures need to be taken, such as repairing surface damage, strengthening support for stress-bearing parts, adjusting displacements, etc., to improve the stability of the device. Regularly or irregularly re-collect the device monitoring data and conduct stability evaluation to track changes in the stability of the device. With the passage of time, changes in mining conditions or the influence of other factors, the stability of the device may change. Therefore, continuous monitoring and evaluation are required, maintenance measures should be adjusted in time, maintenance weights should be reasonably determined, and device monitoring data should be accurately collected and analyzed to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the stability evaluation. The evaluation process should be combined with professional knowledge and practical experience to better understand and interpret the evaluation results, and take effective measures to ensure the stability and safety of mine tunnel support devices.

[0038] Step S700, determine the maintenance requirements according to the device stability evaluation results, and perform maintenance positioning based on the device monitoring data. Specifically, after obtaining the device stability evaluation results, first interpret and analyze the results in detail. If the evaluation results show that the device is in a stable state, but there are some potential risk factors or slight abnormal indicators, then preventive maintenance requirements may need to be formulated, such as regular inspections, increased monitoring frequency, etc. If the evaluation results show that the device is in an unstable or nearly unstable state, more specific and urgent maintenance requirements need to be formulated, including replacing damaged parts, reinforcing support structures, repairing surface cracks, etc. After determining the maintenance requirements, maintenance positioning is then performed based on the previously collected device monitoring data. For surface monitoring data, if the image shows that certain areas are obviously damaged or aged, these areas are identified as key locations that require maintenance. For structural stress data, by analyzing the stress distribution, find out where the stress exceeds the normal range or is unevenly stressed, and use it as a key location for maintenance. For example, if the tension on an anchor rod is much greater than the design value, then the anchor rod and its surrounding areas need to be maintained and reinforced. For the structure The displacement data of the structure are used to analyze the areas with large displacement or unstable displacement trend. These areas indicate that there are problems in the interaction between the support structure and the surrounding rock, and targeted adjustments and repairs are needed. When locating the maintenance position, the above three types of monitoring data will be comprehensively considered, and combined with the overall structure and force characteristics of the device, professional analysis software or tools will be used to visualize the monitoring data so as to more intuitively determine the maintenance position. After determining the maintenance position, the specific maintenance measures for each position will be planned in detail, including the required materials, tools, construction methods and estimated maintenance time, etc. Maintenance personnel with corresponding skills and experience will be arranged, and it is ensured that they understand the maintenance requirements and accurate positioning information. During the maintenance process, the status of the device will be continuously monitored to evaluate the effectiveness of the maintenance measures, and necessary adjustments and improvements will be made according to the actual situation. Through the maintenance positioning process based on the device stability evaluation results and monitoring data, maintenance work can be carried out in a targeted manner, the stability and safety of the mine tunnel support device can be improved, and the normal production operation of the mine can be guaranteed.

[0039] In a possible implementation, maintenance requirements are determined based on the device stability evaluation results, and maintenance positioning is performed based on the device monitoring data. Step S700 further includes step S710, obtaining a historical data set of the device monitoring data, sorting the device monitoring data according to the time label, and calculating the time series change amount and change rate. Specifically, a historical data set of device monitoring data is collected, and the data set covers various data obtained by monitoring the mine tunnel support device over a period of time, including surface monitoring data, structural force data, and structural displacement data. These data are sorted according to the time label attached to the device monitoring data, and the data are organized in chronological order to facilitate subsequent analysis of data changes over time and calculate the time series change amount and change rate. For each monitoring indicator, the data values ​​at adjacent time points are compared, and the difference between them is calculated as the change amount. The change rate is obtained by dividing the change amount by the time interval, which reflects the speed of data change.

[0040] Step S720, using the time series variation and the rate of change as training data, using the time series model to perform attenuation learning, and obtaining an attenuation prediction model. Specifically, using the calculated time series variation and rate of change as training data, selecting a suitable time series model, such as an autoregressive moving average model, an autoregressive integral moving average model, etc., using these training data to perform attenuation learning on the time series model, during the learning process, the model will gradually adapt to the changing laws and trends of the data, while taking into account the influence of the time factor on the data, that is, the importance of the data gradually decays with the passage of time, and after training, obtaining an attenuation prediction model, the model can predict the possible changes in the device monitoring data in the future period of time based on the latest input monitoring data.

[0041] Step S730, use the attenuation prediction model to perform attenuation prediction on the device monitoring data, and issue maintenance reminders based on the attenuation prediction results. Specifically, use the attenuation prediction model to perform attenuation prediction on the newly acquired device monitoring data, and compare the prediction results with the preset threshold or standard. If the prediction results show that the state of the device may exceed the normal range at a certain point in the future, or the trend of change is developing in an unfavorable direction, it will trigger a maintenance reminder. The maintenance reminder can be conveyed to relevant personnel in a variety of ways, such as sending text messages, emails, displaying warning information in the monitoring system, etc. The reminder content includes possible problems, estimated time, and recommended maintenance measures, etc., to discover possible problems with the device in advance, perform maintenance in a timely manner, and ensure the stable operation and safety of the mine tunnel support device.

[0042] The embodiment of the present application obtains the tunnel surrounding rock support demand and the structural information of the mine tunnel support device, analyzes the structure to determine the support effectiveness (range, force distribution), determines the support distribution information according to the surrounding rock demand and the structural distribution, and evaluates the support demand ratio based on the fusion of relevant data and configures the maintenance weight. The monitoring data (surface, force, displacement) of the device is collected through the monitoring equipment, and the stability is evaluated based on the weights and data. The maintenance requirements are determined and located according to the evaluation results, thereby achieving the technical effect of ensuring the safety and stability of the tunnel, improving the production efficiency of the mine, and reducing the cost and the risk of accidents.

[0043] The above specific implementation manner does not constitute a limitation to the protection scope of the present application. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications, combinations and substitutions can be made according to design requirements and other factors. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application. In some cases, the actions or steps S recorded in the present application can be performed in an order different from that in the embodiment and still achieve the desired results. In addition, the process depicted in the accompanying drawings does not necessarily require the specific order or continuous order shown to achieve the desired results. In some embodiments, multitasking and parallel processing are also possible or may be advantageous.

Claims

1. A maintenance and management method for an underground mine tunnel support device, characterized in that: The maintenance and management method of the underground mine tunnel support device includes: Obtain the support requirements of tunnel surrounding rock and collect structural information of mine tunnel support devices; Performing structural analysis based on the structural information to determine the support effectiveness of each component structure, including support range and force distribution; Determining support distribution information according to the support requirements of the surrounding rock of the tunnel and based on the distribution relationship of the structural information; Based on the support distribution information, the support range and the force distribution, matching and fusion are performed to evaluate the support demand ratio of each support range, and the maintenance weight of each component structure is configured according to the support demand ratio; Collecting device monitoring data of the mine tunnel support device through monitoring equipment, wherein the device monitoring data includes surface monitoring data, structural stress data, and structural displacement data; Based on the maintenance weight, performing device stability evaluation according to the device monitoring data; Maintenance requirements are determined based on the device stability evaluation results, and maintenance positioning is performed based on the device monitoring data.

2. The maintenance and management method of underground mine tunnel support device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The obtaining of the support requirements of the tunnel surrounding rock includes: According to the geological conditions and rock strength of the tunnel surrounding rock, the stress intensity and stress distribution are determined through simulation calculations using simulation models; Based on the stress intensity and stress distribution, the stability and deformation under different support schemes are simulated, and the support schemes whose stability and deformation meet the requirements are selected; The stress intensity and stress distribution characteristics of the support scheme are analyzed to obtain the support requirements.

3. The maintenance and management method of underground mine tunnel support device according to claim 2, characterized in that: Structural analysis is performed based on the structural information to determine the support effectiveness of each component structure, including: Extracting structural features according to the structural information, including anchor cable length, diameter, preload, support thickness and strength; According to the structural characteristics, finite element analysis is used to perform structural stress and deformation analysis; According to the structural stress and deformation analysis results, the stress distribution and support range of each component structure are determined to obtain the support effectiveness.

4. The maintenance and management method of underground mine tunnel support device according to claim 2, characterized in that: According to the support requirements of the surrounding rock of the tunnel and based on the distribution relationship of the structural information, support distribution information is determined, including: Determining the stress intensity and stress distribution according to the support requirements; Based on the structural information, obtaining installation space distribution; The installation space distribution is allocated with respect to the space demand according to the stress intensity and the stress distribution, and the support distribution information is determined. The support distribution information is used to characterize the distribution demand of the support demand within the space range.

5. The maintenance and management method of underground mine tunnel support device according to claim 4, characterized in that: Based on the support distribution information, the support range and the force distribution, matching and fusion are performed to evaluate the support demand proportion of each support range, including: Using the support range and force distribution, a force distribution diagram of the mine tunnel support device is drawn to characterize the bearing capacity of each interval; Using the support distribution information, drawing a demand stress distribution diagram of the support demand; Establishing a mapping relationship between the force distribution diagram and the required stress distribution diagram to determine the bearing capacity-required stress relationship; According to the bearing capacity-required stress relationship, the support demand ratio is obtained, and the support range is located based on the force distribution diagram.

6. The maintenance and management method of underground mine tunnel support device according to claim 5, characterized in that: According to the bearing capacity-required stress relationship, the support demand ratio is obtained, including: Extracting the stress value and the required stress value according to the bearing capacity-required stress relationship; The support requirement ratio is obtained by using the formula: support requirement ratio = force value ÷ required stress value.

7. The maintenance and management method of underground mine tunnel support device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The collecting of device monitoring data of the mine tunnel support device by monitoring equipment includes: The surface structure of the mine tunnel support device is imaged by deploying cameras to identify surface damage and aging features as the surface monitoring data; By using stress monitoring equipment distributed on the mine tunnel support device, stress monitoring data is collected, and a corresponding relationship between the positioning structure and the stress monitoring data is established according to the position positioning structure of the monitoring equipment, so as to obtain the structural force data; Delamination monitors are installed on the tunnel roof and side walls to monitor the relative displacement of the surrounding rock and the mine tunnel support device to obtain the structural displacement data.

8. The maintenance and management method of underground mine tunnel support device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The maintenance and management method of the underground mine tunnel support device also includes: Obtain a historical data set of the device monitoring data, sort the device monitoring data according to time tags, and calculate a time series change amount and a change rate; The time series variation and the variation rate are used as training data, and a time series model is used to perform attenuation learning to obtain an attenuation prediction model; The attenuation prediction model is used to perform attenuation prediction on the device monitoring data, and maintenance reminders are issued according to the attenuation prediction results.

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