Under-fruit medicinal plant cultivation method based on multi-generation plant phenotypic screening

Abstract

The invention is applied to the technical field of medicinal plant cultivation, and particularly discloses an under-fruit medicinal plant cultivation method based on multi-generation plant phenotype screening, and the medicinal plant cultivation method comprises a plant selection stage and a plant cultivation stage. According to the under-fruit medicinal plant cultivation method based on multi-generation plant phenotype screening, the medicinal plants are planted in the intervals between the fruit trees, the land space in an orchard is fully utilized, the land is efficiently utilized, and the overall economic benefit of the orchard is increased; the medicinal plants planted among the fruit trees are obtained by performing multi-generation culture on outsourced germplasm resources in orchard land and then performing elimination and screening on the medicinal plants according to plant phenotypes to obtain filial generations which are suitable for orchard soil texture and have excellent characters, and the filial generations have excellent characters of parent plants while having excellent characters of the parent plants; therefore, the planting benefit of medicinal plants is increased, and the yield of the medicinal plants is increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of medicinal plant cultivation, and in particular to a method for cultivating fruiting medicinal plants based on multi-generation plant phenotype screening. Background Art

[0002] Medicinal plants refer to plants that have medicinal value and can be used to prevent, treat diseases or for health care. They play an important role in human health care. Due to their large usage, wild medicinal plants are not enough to meet human needs. Therefore, the medicinal plants currently used are usually cultivated artificially.

[0003] In order to increase economic benefits, intercropping, crop rotation or intercropping are usually adopted in the process of planting medicinal plants. Among them, fruit-medicine intercropping is one of the methods. Medicinal plants are planted between the rows of fruit trees to make full use of the land resources of the orchard and improve the overall economic benefits. However, the current planting parents of medicinal plants usually come from existing planting bases or germplasm resources on the market. Although the existing plants have certain excellent traits, the uniformly bred medicinal plants may adapt differently to different lands and are not suitable for all orchards. If intolerant medicinal plants are planted in orchards in large quantities, it may cause greater economic losses. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for cultivating medicinal plants under fruit based on multi-generation plant phenotype screening to solve the problem raised in the above background technology that the parent medicinal plants are not suitable for planting on the land in the orchard because they have been uniformly cultivated in the planting base.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a method for cultivating fruit medicinal plants based on multi-generation plant phenotype screening, the method for cultivating medicinal plants comprising a plant selection stage and a plant cultivation stage, the plant selection stage comprising the following steps: step 1, determining the plant selection target, and determining the type of medicinal plant cultivation according to the use occasion and market demand; step 2, obtaining existing cultivation parents of medicinal plants with certain excellent traits from a cultivation base or germplasm resource bank; step 3, based on the medicinal plant parents, cultivating offspring medicinal plants under different conditions; step 4, screening the cultivated offspring medicinal plants, selecting plant offspring that meet the requirements according to the plant phenotype, and cultivating the offspring;

[0006] The plant cultivation stage includes the following steps: step 1, planting the selected offspring plants at different spacings between fruit trees; step 2, performing a reselection according to the phenotypes of the cultivated medicinal plants at different spacings from the fruit trees, and determining the spacings between the medicinal plants and the fruit trees during the planting process; step 3, planting and cultivating the medicinal plants selected through multiple generations according to the restored planting spacings between the fruit trees, and obtaining a cultivation mode of fruit-medicine interplanting;

[0007] Preferably, in step 2 of the plant cultivation stage, after the cultivation type of the medicinal plant is determined, the medicinal plant parent is purchased from a breeding base or a germplasm resource bank in the market, and the purchased parent medicinal plant is marked as the P generation, and the P generation medicinal plant parent has certain excellent traits.

[0008] By adopting the above technical solution and using plants with certain excellent traits as parents, the probability of excellent traits after screening is increased.

[0009] Preferably, the specific process of step three and step four in the plant cultivation stage is as follows:

[0010] S1. Divide the P generation medicinal plants into male plants and female plants, plant and cultivate the male plants and female plants of the P generation medicinal plants respectively, and check whether the plants have obvious diseases and insect pests during the cultivation process, and record the phenotypes of the plants, wherein the plant phenotypes include the emergence rate, plant growth rate, plant height, plant stem thickness, leaf morphological characteristics, plant flower color, fruit shape and size and other traits; S2. Collect pollen from the male plants, emasculate and bag the female plants, and after the flowers of the female plants mature, use the pollen of the male plants to pollinate the female plants to cultivate F1 generation plants; S3. Carry out planting and cultivation, observe and record the phenotypes of F1 generation plants during the cultivation process, and eliminate plant individuals with obvious disadvantages, such as low germination rate, plant growth rate significantly slower than the average, abnormal plant height, abnormal plant stem thickness, abnormal leaf morphological characteristics, abnormal plant flower color, and abnormal fruit shape and size; S4. Repeat step S2 for the remaining F1 generation plants after screening to hybridize the F1 generation plants to obtain F2 generation plants, repeat step S3 to record the phenotypes of the F2 generation plants, and eliminate plant individuals with obvious disadvantages; S5. Repeat the hybridization step S2 and the screening step S3 to obtain F n Generation plants, F n After multiple generations of hybridization and screening, individual plants with obvious superior traits were obtained, and these individual plants were marked as medicinal plants No. Y1.

[0011] By adopting the above technical scheme and performing multi-generation hybridization screening using the parents, hybrid offspring with more excellent traits can be obtained.

[0012] Preferably, in step 1 of the plant cultivation stage, the medicinal plant Y1 selected in the plant selection stage is cultivated between fruit trees, and the cultivation process is as follows: S1. The distance between two adjacent rows of fruit trees is marked as X, and X is divided into five equal parts so that X has four planting points. Taking a tree as the starting point, the four points are marked as point A, point B, point C and point D, respectively, wherein the distance between point A and point D and the fruit trees on both sides is equal, and the distance between point B and point C and the fruit trees on both sides is equal; S2. Plant the medicinal plant Y1 at the planting nodes of point A, point B, point C and point D, respectively; S3. The same set of culture conditions is used to cultivate the medicinal plants, and another set of the same culture conditions is used to cultivate the medicinal plant Y1 at points C and D; S4. During the cultivation of the medicinal plant Y1 at the four planting points of point A, point B, point C and point D, the phenotype of the plants at each planting point is observed and recorded, and the planting points and culture conditions are re-selected based on the phenotype. The individual plants with the best phenotypes are marked as medicinal plants Y2, and the planting points of medicinal plants Y2 are recorded simultaneously; S5. The selected medicinal plants Y2 are planted in large quantities according to the selected planting points to form a planting pattern of fruit-drug intercropping.

[0013] The above technical solution is used to reselect the selected hybrid offspring to obtain the most suitable planting spacing.

[0014] Preferably, the screening basis in the S4 step is as follows: the cultivation conditions between the planting points A and B are the same, but the spacing between the plants and the fruit trees is different, which can screen out the effects of different spacings between the plants and the fruit trees on the cultivation process; the cultivation conditions between the planting points A and D are different, but the spacing between the plants and the fruit trees is the same, which can screen out the effects of different cultivation conditions on the cultivation process when the spacing between the plants and the fruit trees is the same.

[0015] By adopting the above technical scheme and utilizing the control cultivation method, the most suitable fruit-drug spacing can be screened out, which is convenient for planting and cultivating medicinal plants in large quantities.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the method for cultivating fruiting medicinal plants based on multi-generation plant phenotype screening:

[0017] 1. In the present invention, the medicinal plants are planted in the spacing between the fruit trees, which makes full use of the land space in the orchard, makes efficient use of the land, and increases the overall economic benefits of the orchard. The medicinal plants planted between the fruit trees are purchased germplasm resources that are cultivated for multiple generations in the orchard land, and the medicinal plants are eliminated and screened according to the plant phenotype to obtain hybrid offspring that are suitable for the orchard soil and have excellent traits. The hybrids have the excellent traits of the parent plants and are more adapted to the soil conditions of the orchard, thereby increasing the planting benefits of the medicinal plants and increasing the yield;

[0018] 2. The medicinal plant after hybridization screening in the present invention is recorded as medicinal plant No. Y1. The medicinal plant No. Y1 is cultured according to different distances from the fruit trees and culture conditions to screen out the most suitable culture conditions and distance from the fruit trees. It is planted in large quantities as medicinal plant No. Y2. By using the control culture experiment between the four planting points, the growth state of the medicinal plant in the orchard can be simulated before large-scale planting, so as to select the most suitable culture conditions and increase the yield of the medicinal plant in the orchard. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the process structure of the plant selection stage of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the process structure of the plant cultivation stage of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the screening process of medicinal plant Y1 of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the planting point structure of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] See also Figure 1-Figure 4 The present invention provides a technical solution: a method for cultivating fruit-bearing medicinal plants based on multi-generation plant phenotype screening.

[0025] The cultivation method of medicinal plants includes a plant selection stage and a plant cultivation stage. The plant selection stage includes the following steps: Step 1, determining the plant selection target, and determining the type of medicinal plant cultivation according to the use occasion and market demand; Step 2, obtaining existing cultivation parents of medicinal plants with certain excellent traits from a cultivation base or germplasm resource bank; Step 3, based on the medicinal plant parents, using different conditions to cultivate offspring medicinal plants; Step 4, screening the cultivated offspring medicinal plants, selecting plant offspring that meet the requirements according to the plant phenotype, and cultivating the offspring;

[0026] like Figure 1 As shown, the medicinal plants that need to be cultivated are determined according to the actual situation and needs of the orchard, such as the type of fruit tree, the light conditions between the fruit trees, and the growth cycle of the fruit trees. After the type of medicinal plant is determined, the breeding parents of the medicinal plants are purchased from the breeding base or germplasm resource bank, and the breeding parents are planted on the land of the orchard. The offspring that meet the needs are screened and selected, and the offspring are cultivated.

[0027] The specific process of step three and step four in the plant cultivation stage is as follows: S1. The P-generation medicinal plants are divided into male plants and female plants, and the male plants and female plants of the P-generation medicinal plants are planted and cultivated respectively. During the cultivation process, the plants are checked for obvious diseases and insect pests, and the phenotypes of the plants are recorded. The plant phenotypes include the emergence rate, plant growth rate, plant height, plant stem thickness, leaf morphological characteristics, plant flower color, fruit shape and size and other traits; S2. The male plants are pollinated, the female plants are emasculated and bagged, and after the flowers of the female plants mature, the pollen of the male plants is used to pollinate the female plants to cultivate F1 generation plants; S3. Plant and cultivate the F1 generation plants, observe and record the phenotypes of the F1 generation plants during the cultivation process, and eliminate individual plants with obvious disadvantages, such as low germination rate, plant growth rate significantly slower than the average, abnormal plant height, abnormal plant stem thickness, abnormal leaf morphology, abnormal plant flower color, and abnormal fruit shape and size; S4. Repeat step S2 for the remaining F1 generation plants after screening to hybridize the F1 generation plants to obtain F2 generation plants, repeat step S3 to record the phenotypes of the F2 generation plants, and eliminate individual plants with obvious disadvantages; S5. Repeat the hybridization step S2 and the screening step S3 to obtain F n Generation plants, F n After multiple generations of hybridization and screening, individual plants with obvious superior traits were obtained, and these individual plants were marked as medicinal plants No. Y1;

[0028] like Figure 3As shown, the specific plant cultivation process is to plant and cultivate the male and female plants of the P generation medicinal plants, and use the male and female plants to hybridize to produce F1 generation plants, and screen the F1 generation plants according to phenotypes such as germination rate, plant growth rate, plant height, plant stem thickness, leaf morphology, plant flower color, fruit shape and size, etc., and eliminate inferior plants, and hybridize the remaining excellent F1 generation plants again to obtain F2 generation plants, and repeat the hybridization and screening and elimination process of the F2 generation plants, and hybridize and screen multiple generations of F n The plant individuals with obvious superior traits were obtained from the first generation of plants and marked as Y1 medicinal plants, which are excellent individuals for batch cultivation of Y1 medicinal plants.

[0029] The plant cultivation stage includes the following steps: step 1, planting the selected offspring plants at different spacings between fruit trees; step 2, performing a reselection according to the phenotype of the cultivated medicinal plants at different spacings from the fruit trees, and determining the spacing of the medicinal plants from the fruit trees during the planting process; step 3, planting and cultivating the medicinal plants that have been screened for multiple generations according to the restored planting spacing between the fruit trees, and obtaining a cultivation mode of fruit-drug interplanting. In step 2 of the plant cultivation stage, after determining the cultivation type of the medicinal plants, the medicinal plant parents are purchased from the germplasm resource bank of the cultivation base or the market, and the purchased parent medicinal plants are marked as P generation, and the P generation medicinal plant parents have certain excellent traits;

[0030] like Figure 2 As shown, the screened medicinal plant Y1 was planted at different distances from the fruit trees on a trial basis, and control cultivation was carried out at different planting points under different cultivation conditions, and re-selection was carried out to determine the distance between the medicinal plant Y1 and the fruit trees and the cultivation conditions during the planting process, so as to facilitate subsequent large-scale planting.

[0031] In step 1 of the plant cultivation stage, the medicinal plant Y1 selected in the plant selection stage is cultivated between the fruit trees, and the cultivation process is as follows: S1. The distance between two adjacent rows of fruit trees is marked as X, and X is divided into five equal parts so that X has four planting points. Taking a tree as the starting point, the four points are marked as point A, point B, point C and point D, respectively, wherein the distance between point A and point D and the fruit trees on both sides is equal, and the distance between point B and point C and the fruit trees on both sides is equal; S2. The medicinal plant Y1 is planted at the planting nodes of point A, point B, point C and point D respectively; S3. The medicinal plant Y1 at point A and point B is cultivated using the same set of culture conditions, and the medicinal plant Y1 at point C and point D is cultivated using another set of the same culture conditions; S4. Point A, point B, point C and point D are cultivated using the same set of culture conditions. During the cultivation of medicinal plant Y1 at the four planting sites of point A, the phenotypes of the plants at each planting site are observed and recorded, and the planting sites and culture conditions are re-selected using the phenotypes. The selected individual plants with the best phenotypes are marked as medicinal plants Y2, and the planting sites of medicinal plants Y2 are simultaneously recorded; S5. The selected medicinal plants Y2 are planted in large quantities according to the selected planting sites to form a planting pattern of fruit and medicine intercropping. The screening basis in step S4 is as follows; the cultivation conditions between the planting sites of point A and point B are the same, but the spacing between the fruit trees is different, so the influence of different spacings between the plants and the fruit trees on the cultivation process can be screened out; the cultivation conditions between the planting sites of point A and point D are different, but the spacing between the fruit trees is the same, so the influence of different cultivation conditions on the cultivation process when the spacing between the plants and the fruit trees is the same can be screened out;

[0032] like Figure 4 As shown, the control culture screening process is specifically as follows: 4 planting points, namely, point A, point B, point C and point D, are marked between two rows of fruit trees; medicinal plant Y1 is planted at point A, point B, point C and point D, respectively; and the culture conditions are adjusted so that the culture conditions at point A, point B, point C and point D are the same, and the culture conditions at point C and point D are the same, so that the culture conditions between the planting points at point A and point B are the same, but the spacing from the fruit trees is different; and the culture conditions between the planting points at point A and point D are different, but the spacing from the fruit trees is the same. The plant phenotype of medicinal plant Y1 at each point is observed and recorded, and the planting points and culture conditions are re-selected using the phenotype. The selected plant individuals with the best phenotype are marked as medicinal plant Y2, and medicinal plant Y2 is planted in large quantities according to the points to form a planting pattern of fruit-drug intercropping, thereby improving the economic benefits of the orchard.

[0033] Working principle: Determine the type of medicinal plant according to the types of fruit trees in the orchard, light conditions and other conditions, purchase the breeding parents of the medicinal plants, plant them in the orchard, use the male and female plants to hybridize to produce F1 generation plants, eliminate the inferior varieties of F1 generation plants, and hybridize the remaining plants with excellent traits again until the F1 generation of hybridization screening is obtained. n The first-generation plants, individual plants with obvious superior traits, are marked as medicinal plants No. Y1, and medicinal plants No. Y1 are planted at different distances between fruit trees, and different culture conditions are set for control culture. The phenotype of medicinal plants No. Y1 is used to re-select the planting locations and culture conditions, and the individual plants with the best phenotypes are marked as medicinal plants No. Y2, and medicinal plants No. Y2 are planted in large quantities according to the locations, forming a planting pattern of fruit and medicine intercropping, thereby improving the economic benefits of the orchard.

[0034] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating fruit-bearing medicinal plants based on multi-generation plant phenotype screening, characterized in that: The medicinal plant cultivation method comprises a plant selection stage and a plant cultivation stage, wherein the plant selection stage comprises the following steps: Step 1: Determine the target of plant selection and determine the type of medicinal plant to be cultivated according to the application occasion and market demand; Step 2: Obtain existing breeding parents of medicinal plants with certain excellent traits from breeding bases or germplasm resource banks; Step 3: Based on the medicinal plant parent, cultivate offspring medicinal plants under different conditions; Step 4: Screen the cultivated offspring medicinal plants, select the offspring plants that meet the requirements according to the plant phenotype, and cultivate the offspring plants; The plant cultivation stage comprises the following steps: Step 1: Plant the selected offspring plants at different intervals between fruit trees; Step 2: According to the phenotypes of the cultivated medicinal plants at different distances from the fruit trees, a check is performed to determine the distance between the medicinal plants and the fruit trees during the planting process; Step three: Plant and cultivate the medicinal plants that have been screened for multiple generations according to the restored planting distance between fruit trees to obtain a cultivation pattern of interplanting fruit and medicine.

2. The method for cultivating fruit-bearing medicinal plants based on multi-generation plant phenotype screening according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 2 of the plant cultivation stage, after the cultivation type of the medicinal plant is determined, the medicinal plant parent is purchased from a breeding base or a germplasm resource bank in the market, and the purchased parent medicinal plant is marked as the P generation, and the P generation medicinal plant parent has certain excellent traits.

3. The method for cultivating fruit-bearing medicinal plants based on multi-generation plant phenotype screening according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific process of step three and step four in the plant cultivation stage is as follows: S1. Divide the P-generation medicinal plants into male plants and female plants, plant and cultivate the male plants and female plants of the P-generation medicinal plants respectively, and check whether the plants have obvious diseases and insect pests during the cultivation process, and record the phenotypes of the plants, wherein the plant phenotypes include the emergence rate, plant growth rate, plant height, plant stem thickness, leaf morphological characteristics, plant flower color, fruit shape and size, etc.; S2. pollinate the male plant, emasculate the female plant and bag it, and after the flowers of the female plant mature, use the pollen of the male plant to pollinate the female plant to cultivate F1 generation plants; S3. Plant and cultivate the F1 generation plants, observe and record the phenotypes of the F1 generation plants during the cultivation process, and eliminate plant individuals with obvious disadvantages, such as low germination rate, plant growth rate significantly slower than the average, abnormal plant height, abnormal plant stem thickness, abnormal leaf morphology, abnormal plant flower color, and abnormal fruit shape and size; S4. Repeat step S2 for the remaining F1 plants after screening to perform hybridization between the F1 plants to obtain F2 plants, repeat step S3 to record the phenotypes of the F2 plants, and eliminate plant individuals with obvious disadvantages; S5. Repeat the hybridization step of step S2 and the screening step of S3 to obtain F n Generation plants, F n After multiple generations of hybridization and screening, individual plants with obvious superior traits were obtained, and these individual plants were marked as medicinal plants No. Y1.

4. The method for cultivating fruit-bearing medicinal plants based on multi-generation plant phenotype screening according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 1 of the plant cultivation stage, the Y1 medicinal plant selected in the plant selection stage is cultivated among fruit trees, and the cultivation process is as follows: S1, mark the distance between two adjacent rows of fruit trees as X, divide X into five equal parts, so that X has four planting points, take a tree as the starting point, mark the four points as point A, point B, point C and point D, where the distance between point A and point D and the fruit trees on both sides is equal, and the distance between point B and point C and the fruit trees on both sides is equal; S2. Planting the medicinal plant Y1 at the planting nodes of point A, point B, point C and point D respectively; S3. The medicinal plant Y1 at points A and B is cultivated using the same set of culture conditions, and the medicinal plant Y1 at points C and D is cultivated using another set of the same culture conditions; S4. During the cultivation of medicinal plant Y1 at the four planting sites A, B, C and D, observe and record the phenotypes of the plants at each planting site, use the phenotypes to reselect the planting sites and culture conditions, mark the plant individuals with the best phenotypes as medicinal plant Y2, and simultaneously record the planting sites of medicinal plant Y2; S5. The selected medicinal plants Y2 are planted in large quantities according to the selected planting locations to form a planting pattern of fruit-drug intercropping.

5. The method for cultivating fruit-bearing medicinal plants based on multi-generation plant phenotype screening according to claim 4, characterized in that: The screening basis in step S4 is as follows: The cultivation conditions between the planting sites A and B are the same, but the distances between the plants and the fruit trees are different, which can screen out the effects of different distances between the plants and the fruit trees on the cultivation process; The cultivation conditions between the planting points A and D are different, but the distance between the plants and the fruit trees is the same. This can screen out the effects of different cultivation conditions on the cultivation process when the distance between the plants and the fruit trees is the same.

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