Bolt tensioner

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of wrenches for fastening, connecting, disassembling or clamping, in particular to a bolt tensioner. The bolt tensioner comprises a shell, an opening is formed in the lower end of the shell, at least two layers of nut sleeves are arranged at the opening, the nut sleeves are mutually nested together and movably matched in the vertical direction, the upper end of each nut sleeve is connected with two or more tail rods, and a guide seat is further arranged in the shell. The tail rods are in guide fit with the guide seat in the vertical direction, a lead screw seat is further arranged on the portion, above the guide seat, of the shell, lead screws corresponding to the tail rods are installed on the lead screw seat, vertical screw holes are formed in the tail rods, the lead screws are matched with the corresponding screw holes, and the tail rods are matched with the corresponding screw holes. The lead screws corresponding to the tail rods connected to the same nut sleeve are in synchronous transmission connection through flexible transmission devices, and the flexible transmission devices are staggered in the vertical direction. The tensioning device solves the problem that an existing tensioning device is poor in adaptability to nuts of different specifications.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of wrenches used for tightening, connecting, disassembling or clamping, and in particular to a bolt tensioner. Background Art

[0002] In the field of construction engineering, bolts, such as prestressed anchor rods and high-strength bolts, are increasingly directly prestressed. When prestressing a bolt, the nut on the bolt needs to be screwed so that the bolt can maintain a certain prestress. As a common sense, screwing nuts is usually done with a wrench, and the socket wrench is the most common type of wrench. However, common socket wrenches are all "dead end" wrenches, that is, the inner hole size of their sockets is fixed. When it is necessary to operate nuts of different specifications, the operator needs to carry socket wrenches of various specifications with him, which obviously brings great inconvenience to the operator.

[0003] In order to solve the problem that the socket wrench cannot be used for nuts of different specifications, a Chinese utility model patent with authorization announcement number CN211761096U and authorization announcement date October 27, 2020 discloses a socket wrench. The socket wrench includes a housing, which is cylindrical, and an outer sleeve is fixedly installed in one end of the housing, and an inner sleeve is arranged in the outer sleeve and can move axially relative to the outer sleeve. A screw is connected to the upper end of the inner sleeve, and the screw is provided with an adjusting nut. A gear ring is installed outside the adjusting nut, and a gear meshing with the gear ring is provided on the housing. By rotating the adjusting nut with the gear, the inner sleeve can be lifted up and lowered, thereby correspondingly giving up and occupying the inner hole of the outer sleeve. When it is necessary to operate a larger nut, the inner sleeve can be moved up by rotating the adjusting nut to make way for the inner hole of the outer sleeve, and the nut to be operated can be matched with the inner hole of the outer sleeve; when it is necessary to operate a smaller nut, the inner sleeve can be moved down into the outer sleeve by rotating the adjusting nut, and the nut to be operated can be matched with the inner hole of the inner sleeve.

[0004] Although the above-mentioned socket wrench can realize the screwing operation of nuts of different specifications, since its inner sleeve is driven to move by a screw coaxially arranged therewith, the screw occupies the central position of the top of the sleeve, which results in the number of screws being limited to one, so only two specifications of sockets can be configured, and it will not be able to be expanded further. When more specifications of sockets are required for operation in the application scenario, it is still necessary to equip multiple socket wrenches to meet the use requirements. Therefore, the above-mentioned socket wrenches still have the problem of poor versatility. As far as the demand for prestressing of bolts is concerned, the bolt tensioner with the socket wrench as the core component has poor adaptability and cannot operate bolts of different specifications. When it is necessary to operate bolts of different specifications, it is necessary to purchase multiple different tensioners, so the cost is high and it is not easy to carry. Summary of the invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide a bolt tensioner to solve the problem of poor adaptability of existing tensioners to nuts of different specifications.

[0006] In order to solve the above problems, the bolt tensioner of the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: the bolt tensioner includes a shell, the lower end of the shell is open and at least two layers of nut sleeves are arranged at the open end, the nut sleeves are nested together and movably matched in the up and down directions, and more than two tail rods are connected to the upper end of each nut sleeve, and a guide seat is also arranged in the shell, and each tail rod is guided and matched with the guide seat in the up and down directions. A screw seat is also arranged on the shell above the guide seat, and a screw corresponding to each tail rod is installed on the screw seat, and a vertical screw hole is arranged on the tail rod, and the screw rod cooperates with the corresponding screw hole. The screw rods corresponding to each tail rod connected to the same nut sleeve are synchronously transmitted and connected through a flexible transmission device, and the flexible transmission devices corresponding to each nut sleeve are staggered in the up and down directions to avoid mutual interference, and each nut sleeve can be moved upward under the drive of the corresponding screw rod to make way for the nut bayonet of the adjacent nut sleeve outside it.

[0007] Furthermore, one of the screw rods connected to each nut sleeve is transmission-connected to a motor, and a switch button corresponding to each motor is provided on the housing.

[0008] Furthermore, a proximity sensor corresponding to each nut sleeve is arranged on the upper side of the nut sleeve or the lower side of the guide seat, and the proximity sensor is connected to a corresponding indicator light, and each indicator light is used to indicate the position of the corresponding nut sleeve.

[0009] Furthermore, a top plate is arranged at the upper end of the shell, and the switch button and the indicator light are both arranged on the top plate.

[0010] Furthermore, the nut sleeve is provided with a rod insertion hole for inserting the operating rod on the cylinder wall circumferentially, and an operating port is provided on the shell corresponding to the rod insertion hole.

[0011] Furthermore, the flexible transmission device is a synchronous belt transmission device, and the synchronous belt transmission device includes a gear arranged on a corresponding screw rod and a synchronous belt wound around the corresponding gear.

[0012] Furthermore, the nut sleeve is a polygonal sleeve.

[0013] Furthermore, the tail rod of the nut sleeve is arranged on two opposite sides thereof.

[0014] Furthermore, the tail rod and the guide seat are non-rotatably engaged in the circumferential direction.

[0015] Furthermore, the cross section of the tail rod is rectangular.

[0016] Furthermore, the guide seat is composed of a circular seat plate fixed in the shell, and the circular seat plate is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the shell.

[0017] Beneficial effects: The bolt tensioner of the present invention is an improved invention. Specifically, the present invention sets more than two tail rods on each nut sleeve that is nested with each other, and through the cooperation of the tail rod and the screw rod, drives the nut sleeve at different circumferential positions with at least two screw rods that are synchronously connected through a flexible transmission device, so that the mechanism for driving the nut sleeve to rise and fall is set at the central periphery of the nut sleeve. Therefore, by taking advantage of the abundant space around the nut sleeve, multiple nut sleeves can be equipped with driving mechanisms. The flexible transmission devices are arranged in the up and down directions without interfering with each other, and can independently realize the driving of any nut sleeve, and the space in the up and down directions is also relatively abundant. As a result, the number of nut sleeves of the bolt tensioner of the present invention can be arranged as much as possible according to needs. Compared with the structure in the prior art that can only arrange two layers of nut sleeves, the present invention solves the problem of poor adaptability to nuts of different specifications of the existing tensioner. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the use of an embodiment of the bolt tensioner of the present invention; Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A three-dimensional view of the bolt tensioner in FIG. Figure 3 yes Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the internal structure of the bolt tensioner; Figure 4 yes Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the installation structure of the outer sleeve; Figure 5 yes Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the installation structure of the middle sleeve; Figure 6 yes Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the installation structure of the inner sleeve in FIG. Figure 7 yes Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of the outer, middle and inner sleeves; Figure 8 yes Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the structure of the guide seat.

[0019] In the figure: 101, bolt; 102, nut; 103, operation port; 1, housing; 2, guide seat; 3, outer sleeve; 4, outer sleeve tail rod; 5, outer sleeve screw; 6, outer sleeve motor; 7, outer sleeve timing belt; 8, middle sleeve; 9, middle sleeve tail rod; 10, middle sleeve screw; 11, middle sleeve motor; 12, middle sleeve timing belt; 13, inner sleeve; 14, inner sleeve tail rod; 15, inner sleeve screw; 16, inner sleeve motor ; 17. Inner sleeve synchronous belt; 18. Outer sleeve metal block; 19. Middle sleeve metal block; 20. Inner sleeve metal block; 21. Rod insertion hole; 22. Inner sleeve proximity switch; 23. Middle sleeve proximity switch; 24. Outer sleeve proximity switch; 25. Outer sleeve motor switch; 26. Middle sleeve motor switch; 27. Inner sleeve motor switch; 28. Inner sleeve indicator light; 29. ​​Middle sleeve indicator light; 30. Outer sleeve indicator light; 31. Controller. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The features and performance of the present invention are further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments.

[0021] like Figure 1 As shown, the bolt tensioner is used to cooperate with the nut 102 of the bolt 101, apply torque to the nut 102, so as to drive the nut 102 of the bolt 101 to rotate, thereby maintaining a certain prestress of the bolt 101. The present invention sets the nut sleeve that cooperates with the nut 102 of the bolt 101 as a multi-layer nested structure and can be relatively lifted and lowered, and arranges the lifting drive mechanism of each nut sleeve at the periphery of the center of the end, thereby making full use of the relatively abundant circumferential space, and can arrange more lifting drive mechanisms, thereby realizing the expansion of the number of nut sleeves, so that the bolt tensioner of the present invention is suitable for the operation of nuts 102 of more different specifications (sizes).

[0022] Based on the above inventive concept, a basic implementation method of the present invention is as follows: In the basic implementation method, the bolt tensioner of the present invention includes a housing 1, the lower end of the housing 1 is open and at least two layers of nut sleeves are arranged at the open position, each layer of nut sleeves is nested together and movably cooperates in the up and down direction, and the lower end of the housing 1 is set as an open structure so that the nut 102 to be operated can enter the housing 1 and cooperate with the nut sleeve when in use, in other words, it can be clamped by the nut sleeve to apply torque to it. At least two layers of nut sleeves are arranged and each layer of nut sleeves is nested together, and the nut sleeves and adjacent nut sleeves are also movably cooperated in the up and down direction, so as to enable different nut sleeves when encountering nuts 102 of different specifications, so as to achieve adaptability to nuts of different specifications. It can be seen that in the face of different application scenarios, the number of nut sleeves can be three, four, or two, etc. In order to achieve the above-mentioned active fit, each nut sleeve adopts an equal diameter sleeve, which is open at both ends and has a polygonal inner hole. Of course, the inner hole of the nut sleeve is set as a polygonal hole in order to be able to fit with the corresponding nut 102. Figure 3-7 In the illustrated embodiment, the number of nut sleeves is set to three, and the three nut sleeves are, from outside to inside, an outer sleeve 3, a middle sleeve 8 and an inner sleeve 13.

[0023] In order to integrate and hold each nut sleeve in the housing 1 for easy carrying and use, a guide seat 2 is provided in the housing 1, and a tail rod is provided on the upper end of each nut sleeve to cooperate with the guide seat 1. The tail rod extends in the up and down direction. In order to ensure a certain stability, the number of tail rods should be more than two and distributed along the circumference of the nut sleeve. Figure 2-7 In the embodiment shown, the tail rod corresponding to the outer sleeve is the outer sleeve tail rod 4, the tail rod corresponding to the middle sleeve is the middle sleeve tail rod 9, and the tail rod corresponding to the inner sleeve is the inner sleeve tail rod 14. During use, if the tail rod moves up and down, it can move up and down synchronously with the nut sleeve where it is located. In order to adjust the up and down position of each nut sleeve so that it can move upward away from the inner and outer nut sleeves, or move downward to the working position so as to be able to cooperate with the corresponding nut 102, a vertical threaded hole is provided on each tail rod and a screw rod is installed in the threaded hole, wherein the screw rod cooperating with the outer sleeve tail rod 4 is the outer sleeve screw rod 5, the screw rod cooperating with the middle sleeve tail rod 9 is the middle sleeve screw rod 10, and the screw rod cooperating with the inner sleeve tail rod 14 is the inner sleeve screw rod 15. The upper end of the screw rod is connected to the outer shell 1 through a screw rod seat (omitted in the figure) provided on the outer shell 1, and a screw nut mechanism is formed between the screw rod and the corresponding tail rod, thereby the height position of the corresponding nut sleeve can be adjusted by rotating the screw rod.

[0024] Since the number of screw rods connected to the same nut sleeve is not just one, the synchronous rotation of each screw rod must be ensured to prevent the nut sleeve from moving up and down smoothly. Therefore, a flexible transmission device is arranged between the screw rods that are transmission-connected to the same nut sleeve. In order to avoid interference between the flexible transmission devices corresponding to different nut sleeves, the flexible transmission devices corresponding to each nut sleeve are arranged at different height positions, thereby making full use of the circumferential space of the nut sleeve and the axial space of the sleeve nut, that is, the space in the up and down directions. Therefore, the number of nut sleeves can be greatly expanded according to actual needs.

[0025] By adopting the above-mentioned embodiment, when using the bolt tensioner, the unnecessary nut sleeve can be raised by driving the corresponding screw rod to rotate as needed, leaving the necessary nut sleeve, and the nut bayonet of the remaining nut sleeve, that is, its inner hole cooperates with the corresponding nut 102, thereby realizing the screwing operation of the corresponding nut.

[0026] On the basis of the above basic implementation, a preferred implementation is as follows: Figure 3-6 As shown, a motor (here a servo motor) is connected to one of the screw rods connected to each nut sleeve, wherein the motor corresponding to the outer sleeve 3 is the outer sleeve motor 6, the motor corresponding to the middle sleeve 8 is the middle sleeve motor 11, and the motor corresponding to the inner sleeve 13 is the inner sleeve motor 16. Switches corresponding to the motors are provided on the housing 1, such as Figure 2 As shown, the switch corresponding to the outer sleeve motor 6 is the outer sleeve motor switch 25, the switch corresponding to the middle sleeve motor 11 is the middle sleeve motor switch 26, and the switch corresponding to the inner sleeve motor 16 is the inner sleeve motor switch 27. By setting the motor and setting the switch of the motor on the housing 1, the operator can control the forward and reverse rotation of the corresponding motor as needed during use, and then control the upper and lower positions of the corresponding nut sleeves, so as to achieve the selection of the required nut sleeves, which has a convenient and quick effect. Of course, in some embodiments, the operation mode of the screw rod can also be manual operation. In this case, it is only necessary to expose the upper end of the screw rod and manually operate the exposed end of the screw rod. In order to facilitate operation, a hand wheel can also be set on the exposed end of the screw rod. Although the efficiency of manually operating the screw rod is relatively low, it is still possible to adjust the position of the nut sleeve and select the nut sleeve.

[0027] On the basis of the above implementation mode, further, as Figure 8 As shown, a proximity switch is provided on the lower side of the guide seat 2. Here, the proximity switch is specifically an inductive proximity switch. The number of proximity switches corresponds to the number of nut sleeves, namely, an outer sleeve proximity switch 24, a middle sleeve proximity switch 23 and an inner sleeve proximity switch 22. Figure 7As shown, the outer sleeve metal block 18, the middle sleeve metal block 19 and the inner sleeve metal block 20 corresponding to the above switches are respectively arranged on the outer sleeve 3, the middle sleeve 8 and the inner sleeve 13, and the outer sleeve indicator light 30, the middle sleeve indicator light 29 and the inner sleeve indicator light 28 corresponding to the outer sleeve proximity switch 24, the middle sleeve proximity switch 23 and the inner sleeve proximity switch 22 are respectively arranged on the housing 1, wherein the outer sleeve proximity switch 24, the middle sleeve proximity switch 23 and the inner sleeve proximity switch 22 are connected to the same controller 31 and connected with the corresponding outer sleeve indicator light 30, the middle sleeve indicator light 29 and the inner sleeve indicator light 28. When the corresponding switch is pressed, the corresponding nut sleeve rises to the right position, and the corresponding indicator light is on, and the operator can be prompted to turn off the motor at this time. Of course, in some other embodiments, the above-mentioned proximity switch and indicator light can also be omitted. In this case, the operator can rely on experience, observation, etc. to judge the position of the corresponding nut sleeve, and then judge whether it is in place.

[0028] In the above embodiment, the proximity switch is arranged on the lower side of the guide seat 2. However, those skilled in the art should be able to understand that in some embodiments, it is also feasible to arrange the proximity switch on the upper side of the corresponding nut sleeve. This transformation should be within the capabilities of those skilled in the art, so it will not be repeated here.

[0029] On the basis of the above implementation mode, as a further optimization, a top plate is provided on the outer shell 1, and the above-mentioned switches and indicator lights are arranged on the top plate, which can further facilitate observation and operation; of course, in some other implementation modes, the switch button and the indicator light can also be arranged on the circumferential side wall of the outer shell, which can also achieve the effect of meeting the operation and observation requirements.

[0030] In addition, as a preferred embodiment, Figure 3-6 As shown, the nut sleeve is provided with a rod insertion hole 21 for inserting the operating rod on the wall around the circumference. Figure 2-6 As shown, an operating port 103 is provided on the housing 1 at a position corresponding to the rod insertion hole, so as to facilitate the insertion of an operating rod as a force rod during use to provide the torque required to screw the nut 102; in addition, with this structure, the torque acts directly on the nut sleeve, which can greatly reduce the strength requirements of other components such as the housing 1 and the tail rod, thereby reducing the material usage and weight, making the bolt tensioner of the present invention more portable. Of course, in some other embodiments, the operating torque can also be transmitted to the corresponding nut sleeve through the housing 1, the guide seat 2, and the tail rod in sequence. In this case, although the strength requirements of the above components will be increased and the material usage will be increased, it can still solve the problem of poor adaptability of the existing tensioner proposed by the present invention.

[0031] In a preferred embodiment, the above-mentioned flexible transmission device adopts a synchronous belt transmission device, which includes a gear arranged on a corresponding screw rod and a synchronous belt wound around the corresponding gear. Figure 3-6 In the embodiment shown, the number of tail rods on each nut sleeve is set to two, and accordingly, the number of screw rods matched therewith is also two, so the number of gears of the synchronous belt transmission device is two, and the two gears are respectively arranged on two screw rods (installed after integral or split manufacturing), and the synchronous belt is matched with the two gears respectively. Among them, the two gears corresponding to the outer sleeve are outer sleeve gears, and the synchronous belt is outer sleeve synchronous belt 7, the two gears corresponding to the middle sleeve are middle sleeve gears, and the synchronous belt is middle sleeve synchronous belt 12, and the two gears corresponding to the inner sleeve are inner sleeve gears, and the synchronous belt is inner sleeve synchronous belt 17. Although the synchronous belt transmission device is used as a flexible transmission device in the above embodiment, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that in other embodiments, the flexible transmission device can also adopt a chain transmission device, etc. The advantage of using a flexible transmission device is that it is convenient to avoid interference between different transmission devices.

[0032] On the basis of the above preferred implementation, further, Figure 3-6 In the embodiment shown, the nut sleeve is a polygonal sleeve, specifically a regular polygonal sleeve, and more specifically a regular hexagonal sleeve, and the tail rods of the nut sleeve are arranged on two opposite sides thereof. The cross section of the tail rod is rectangular, and the tail rod and the guide seat 2 are non-rotatably matched in the circumferential direction. It should be noted here that, in some embodiments, the nut sleeve only needs to ensure that the cross section of its inner hole is a polygon, and the shape of the outer peripheral surface should not be restricted. In addition, since the tail rod is fixedly connected to the corresponding nut sleeve, and each nut sleeve is connected to two tail rods, no matter what shape the cross section of the tail rod is set to, the tail rod cannot rotate.

[0033] When using the bolt tensioner of the present invention, it is adjusted according to the size of the nut. When the outer sleeve 3 is needed, the middle sleeve motor 11 and the inner sleeve motor 16 are started through the middle sleeve motor switch 26 and the inner sleeve motor switch 27. The middle sleeve motor 11 drives the corresponding middle sleeve screw 10 to rotate. Under the cooperation of the two middle sleeve gears and the middle sleeve synchronous belt 12, the two middle sleeve screws 10 can be rotated. Under the action of the thread, the two middle sleeve tail rods 9 can drive the middle sleeve 8 to move upward and disengage from the outer sleeve 3, and the middle sleeve 8 will drive the middle sleeve tail rod 19 to move upward when moving. Therefore, when the middle sleeve 8 moves upward to the appropriate position, the middle sleeve proximity switch 23 will detect the middle sleeve metal block 19, and its detection information will be transmitted to the controller 31, and then the middle sleeve indicator light 29 will be lit through the controller 31. At this time, the user can turn off the middle sleeve motor 11 through the middle sleeve motor switch 26.

[0034] Similarly, the operator can also move the inner sleeve 13 upward to a suitable position, then sleeve the outer sleeve 3 on the nut, and then insert a special tool into the socket 21 through the operating port 103 on the outer shell 1 to rotate and tighten the outer sleeve 3, thereby completing the tensioning action.

[0035] Based on the above method, the position of the nut sleeve can be easily adjusted, and then a suitable nut sleeve can be selected according to the needs, so the structure is simple. Based on the integration of multiple nut sleeves, the corresponding suitable nut sleeve can be adjusted and selected according to the size of the nut, thereby saving costs and being easy to carry.

[0036] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. The patent protection scope of the present invention shall be based on the claims. All equivalent structural changes made using the contents of the description and drawings of the present invention should also be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A bolt tensioner, comprising a housing, wherein the lower end of the housing is open and at least two layers of nut sleeves are arranged at the open end, wherein the nut sleeves are nested together and movably matched in the up-down direction, and characterized in that: At least two tail rods are connected to the upper end of each nut sleeve, and a guide seat is also provided in the shell. Each tail rod is guided and matched with the guide seat in the up and down directions. A screw seat is also provided on the shell above the guide seat, and a screw corresponding to each tail rod is installed on the screw seat. A vertical screw hole is provided on the tail rod, and the screw rod cooperates with the corresponding screw hole. The screw rods corresponding to the tail rods connected to the same nut sleeve are synchronously transmitted and connected through a flexible transmission device. The flexible transmission devices corresponding to each nut sleeve are staggered in the up and down directions to avoid mutual interference. Each nut sleeve can be moved upward under the drive of the corresponding screw rod to make way for the nut bayonet of the adjacent nut sleeve outside it.

2. The bolt tensioner according to claim 1, characterized in that: One of the screw rods connected to each nut sleeve is connected to a motor through transmission, and a switch button corresponding to each motor is arranged on the housing.

3. The bolt tensioner according to claim 2, characterized in that: A proximity sensor corresponding to each nut sleeve is arranged on the upper side of the nut sleeve or the lower side of the guide seat, and the proximity sensor is connected to a corresponding indicator light, and each indicator light is used to indicate the position of the corresponding nut sleeve.

4. The bolt tensioner according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: A top plate is arranged at the upper end of the shell, and the switch button and the indicator light are both arranged on the top plate.

5. The bolt tensioner according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The nut sleeve is provided with a rod insertion hole for inserting an operating rod on the cylinder wall around the circumference, and an operating port is provided on the shell corresponding to the rod insertion hole.

6. The bolt tensioner according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flexible transmission device is a synchronous belt transmission device, which includes a gear arranged on a corresponding screw rod and a synchronous belt wound around the corresponding gear.

7. The bolt tensioner according to claim 1, characterized in that: The nut sleeve is a polygonal sleeve.

8. The bolt tensioner according to claim 6, characterized in that: The tail rod of the nut sleeve is arranged on two opposite sides thereof.

9. The bolt tensioner according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tail rod and the guide seat are non-rotatably matched in the circumferential direction.

10. The bolt tensioner according to claim 8, characterized in that: The cross section of the tail rod is rectangular.

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