Workshop part conveying equipment based on electrical automatic control and control system

Abstract

The invention discloses workshop part conveying equipment based on electrical automatic control and a control system, and belongs to the technical field of equipment control, the workshop part conveying equipment comprises a mounting rack and an XY moving group mounted on the mounting rack, a moving plate is mounted right below the XY moving group, a mounting plate is further arranged on the XY moving group, an electrically controlled moving clamping jaw is mounted at the bottom of the mounting plate, and the electrically controlled moving clamping jaw is mounted on the mounting plate. A control assembly is further arranged at the top of the mounting plate, a camera probe is mounted on one side, located on the electric control clamping jaw, of the mounting plate, and an electric control correction clamping jaw is mounted on the other side of the mounting plate. An alarm module is further arranged in the conveying equipment, the part conveying equipment can be monitored in real time, potential problems of the conveying equipment can be analyzed and judged according to the obtained adjustment information and detection information, and once the equipment problems are found, an alarm can be given in time, so that the conveying efficiency is improved. Therefore, relevant parameters of the conveying equipment can be adjusted or maintained in time, and conveying quality and efficiency are guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of equipment control, and in particular relates to a workshop parts conveying equipment and a control system based on electrical automatic control. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of modern manufacturing industry, the requirements for efficiency and precision in workshop production are increasing day by day. Traditional manual handling and transportation methods can no longer meet the needs of large-scale and high-efficiency production. Therefore, automatic transportation equipment for workshop parts came into being.

[0003] Existing workshop parts conveying equipment mostly uses mechanical grippers or smart vehicles to transport parts in the workshop to the next corresponding position. Although it can replace manual handling, when using mechanical grippers and other equipment to transport parts, due to the long-term operation of the equipment, the equipment is prone to wear and its accuracy is easily affected. As the running time increases, the position where the parts are placed is prone to deviate from the predetermined position, resulting in position deviation. At this time, it is still necessary to stop the machine and manually calibrate the position, which affects production efficiency. In addition, when using mechanical grippers and other equipment for conveying, the equipment is prone to some difficult-to-find problems, which affects the accuracy of conveying, which will also reduce production efficiency. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a workshop parts conveying equipment and control system based on electrical automatic control, so as to solve the problems faced in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0005] The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions: A workshop parts conveying equipment based on electrical automatic control includes: a mounting frame and an XY shifting group mounted on the mounting frame, a shifting plate is mounted directly below the XY shifting group, a mounting plate is also provided on the XY shifting group, an electrically controlled moving clamp is mounted on the bottom of the mounting plate, a control assembly is also provided on the top of the mounting plate, a camera probe is mounted on one side of the electrically controlled clamp on the mounting plate, and an electrically controlled correction clamp is mounted on the other side.

[0006] A control system for workshop parts conveying equipment based on electrical automatic control, the control system comprising: A coordinate planning module, wherein the coordinate planning module divides the movable plate into a plurality of placement areas, and each placement area has a corresponding coordinate center point on the coordinate system; An information acquisition module, the information acquisition module is used to acquire associated information required for device control, the associated information including image information and position information at each placement, adjustment information acquired by the adjustment module, and detection information acquired by the quality detection module; An adjustment module, wherein the adjustment module is used to analyze the acquired associated parameters to determine whether the position of the placed parts needs to be adjusted, and when adjustment is required, the position of the parts is corrected; A quality inspection module, which is used to inspect the conveyed parts and determine whether the parts have any abnormal quality; An alarm module is used to conduct a comprehensive analysis based on the adjustment information obtained by the adjustment module and the detection information obtained by the quality detection module, so as to monitor the parts conveying equipment in real time to determine whether the equipment has any abnormality.

[0007] Furthermore, the method by which the adjustment module determines whether the position of the placed parts needs to be adjusted is: Set an allowable error radius, take the coordinate center point of the placement area as the center, and draw a circle in the placement area with the allowable error radius as the radius, so as to obtain the allowable error area; The position coordinate B of each part placement is obtained. If the position coordinate falls within the allowable error area, it is determined that the position of the placed part does not need to be adjusted. Otherwise, it is determined that the position of the placed part needs to be adjusted.

[0008] Furthermore, the method for the adjustment module to correct the position of the part is: Get the horizontal distance from position coordinate B to coordinate center point A And vertical distance , thereby controlling the electronically controlled correction jaws to a horizontal angle Move L distance to the coordinate center point A;

[0009] in, , L = .

[0010] Furthermore, the method by which the quality detection module determines whether the quality of a part is abnormal is: After the parts are placed, multiple viewing angle images of the parts are captured by a camera probe, and grayscale processing is performed on each viewing angle image to obtain contour features of each viewing angle image, wherein the contour features include the number of contours and the area and perimeter of each contour; The obtained contour features are compared with the standard contour features under normal part quality conditions. When the overlap between the contour features and the standard features is less than 97%, it is judged that the part quality is abnormal.

[0011] Furthermore, the method by which the alarm module determines whether an abnormality occurs in the conveying equipment is: The alarm module's alarm modes include real-time alarm and early warning alarm; Real-time alarm: Get adjustment information for each delivery. Greater than the preset alarm angle threshold Or the moving distance L exceeds the preset alarm distance When the conveying equipment is abnormal, a real-time alarm is issued; the overlap degree of each feature obtained during each quality inspection is obtained. , so that through the formula Obtain the comprehensive overlap during each quality inspection , if the comprehensive overlap Less than the preset standard overlap , then a real-time alarm is issued, where G is the number of feature items obtained during detection, is the overlap degree of the kth feature item, is the proportional coefficient of the kth characteristic term, ; Early warning alarm: When no real-time alarm occurs, the adjustment information and detection information of N conveying processes are obtained, so as to Get the early warning risk value , and the obtained warning risk value Compared with the preset warning risk threshold For comparison, when When the conveying equipment is abnormal, an alarm is sounded; in, is the location outlier, is a quality outlier. as well as are the preset coefficients for each.

[0012] Furthermore, the position outlier The method to obtain it is: Get the number of position corrections during N transports , through the formula Get location outliers ; in, is the maximum angle among all the corrections, is the minimum angle among all the corrections, is the preset angle reference value, is the angle fluctuation coefficient, and , is the maximum distance among all the corrections, is the minimum distance among all the corrections, is the preset distance reference value, is the distance fluctuation coefficient, and , .

[0013] Furthermore, the quality abnormal value The acquisition method is: Get the number of quality anomalies that occur during N transport processes , so that through the formula Determine quality outliers ; in, ,and , is the comprehensive coincidence degree when quality abnormality occurs each time, It is the number of times when the degree of overlap is less than the average degree of overlap among the times when quality anomalies occur.

[0014] Beneficial effects of the present invention: The parts conveying device of the present application can not only automatically convey parts, but also detect whether the placement position of the parts during conveying is accurate through the adjustment module during the conveying process. When the placement position is detected to be inaccurate, the corresponding correction device can be driven to correct the position of the parts. The equipment not only does not need manual correction, but can also automatically correct during use without stopping, which can effectively improve production efficiency. The conveying equipment of the present application can also detect whether parts are damaged during the conveying process through the quality detection module, so as to promptly discover parts with abnormal quality, which can save time for subsequent quality inspection; The conveying equipment of the present application is also provided with an alarm module, which can not only monitor the parts conveying equipment in real time, but also analyze and judge potential problems of the conveying equipment based on the adjustment information and detection information obtained. Once equipment problems are found, an alarm can be issued in time, so that the relevant parameters of the conveying equipment can be adjusted or repaired in time to ensure the conveying quality and efficiency.

[0015] Of course, any product implementing the present invention does not necessarily need to achieve all of the advantages described above at the same time. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings required for describing the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other accompanying drawings can be obtained based on these accompanying drawings without paying creative work.

[0017] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the conveying equipment of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a structural block diagram of the control system in the present invention.

[0018] Description of the accompanying drawings: 1. Mounting frame; 2. XY shifting group; 3. Mounting plate; 4. Electric-controlled moving jaws; 5. Control assembly; 6. Moving plate; 7. Camera probe; 8. Electric-controlled correction jaws. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] A workshop parts conveying equipment based on electrical automatic control, such as Figure 1 As shown, the conveying equipment includes: a mounting frame 1 and an XY shifting group 2 mounted on the mounting frame 1, a shifting plate 6 is mounted directly below the XY shifting group 2, a mounting plate 3 is also provided on the XY shifting group 2, an electrically controlled moving clamp 4 is mounted at the bottom of the mounting plate 3, and a control assembly 5 is also provided on the top of the mounting plate 3. A camera probe 7 is mounted on one side of the electrically controlled clamp on the mounting plate 3, and an electrically controlled correcting clamp 8 is mounted on the other side. The control assembly 5 is used to control the XY shifting group 2 and the electrically controlled moving clamp 4 to move accordingly, so as to transport the workshop parts to the corresponding position of the shifting plate 6. At the same time, the camera probe 7 obtains the image information of the parts and transmits it to the control assembly 5. The control assembly 5 obtains the coordinates of the parts through image processing technology, so as to analyze and determine whether the position of the parts is correct. When the position is offset, the electrically controlled correcting clamp 8 is controlled to correct the position of the parts. At the same time, the control assembly 5 can also detect the quality of the parts according to the image information, so as to determine whether there are scratches, damages and other problems on the surface of the parts during the transportation process, so as to ensure the quality of the parts.

[0021] A control system for workshop parts conveying equipment based on electrical automatic control, such as Figure 2 As shown, the control system includes: A coordinate planning module, which divides the moving plate 6 into a plurality of placement areas, and each placement area has a corresponding coordinate center point on the coordinate system; An information acquisition module, which is used to acquire associated information required for device control, including image information and position information at each placement, adjustment information acquired by the adjustment module, and detection information acquired by the quality detection module; An adjustment module is used to analyze the acquired associated parameters to determine whether the position of the placed parts needs to be adjusted. If adjustment is required, the position of the parts is corrected. Quality inspection module: The quality inspection module is used to inspect the conveyed parts and determine whether the quality of the parts is abnormal; The alarm module is used to conduct a comprehensive analysis based on the adjustment information obtained by the adjustment module and the detection information obtained by the quality detection module, so as to monitor the parts conveying equipment in real time to determine whether there is any abnormality in the equipment.

[0022] Through the above technical scheme, the conveying equipment of the present application can not only automatically convey parts, but also detect whether the position of the parts placed during transportation is accurate through the adjustment module during the conveying process. When it is inaccurate, the corresponding correction equipment can be driven to correct the position of the parts. It does not require manual correction and can effectively improve production efficiency. In addition, the conveying equipment of the present application can also detect whether the parts are damaged during the conveying process through the quality inspection module, so as to timely discover parts with abnormal quality, which can further save quality inspection time; at the same time, the conveying equipment is also provided with an alarm module, which can not only monitor the parts conveying equipment in real time, but also analyze and judge the potential problems of the conveying equipment according to the obtained adjustment information and detection information. Once equipment problems are found, an alarm can be issued in time, so as to timely adjust or repair the relevant parameters of the conveying equipment to ensure the conveying quality and efficiency.

[0023] As an implementation of the present invention, the method in which the adjustment module determines whether the position of the placed parts needs to be adjusted is: Set an allowable error radius, take the coordinate center point of the placement area as the center, and draw a circle in the placement area with the allowable error radius as the radius, so as to obtain the allowable error area; Get the position coordinates B of each part placement. If the position coordinates fall within the allowable error area, it is determined that the position of the placed part does not need to be adjusted. Otherwise, it is determined that the position of the placed part needs to be adjusted. The method for the adjustment module to correct the part position is: Get the horizontal distance from position coordinate B to coordinate center point A And vertical distance , thereby controlling the electrically controlled correction jaw 8 to have a horizontal angle of Move L distance to the coordinate center point A; in, , L = .

[0024] Through the above technical scheme, the present application provides a specific method for the adjustment module to determine whether the position of the placed part needs to be adjusted. First, an allowable error radius is set, which is determined based on experience. A circle is drawn in the placement area with the coordinate center point of the placement area as the center and the allowable error radius as the radius, thereby obtaining the allowable error area. Then, the position coordinate B is obtained each time the part is placed. If the position coordinate falls within the allowable error area, it means that the part position is accurately placed at this time, and it is judged that there is no need to adjust the position of the placed part. Otherwise, it means that there is a deviation in the position of the part placement, and the placed part position needs to be adjusted and corrected. The adjustment method is to obtain the horizontal distance from the position coordinate B to the coordinate center point A. And vertical distance , thereby controlling the electrically controlled correction jaw 8 to have a horizontal angle of Move L to the coordinate center point A = A distance is set, so that the part with position displacement is clamped by the electrically controlled correction clamp 8, and is moved to the center point of the regional coordinates through the corresponding control program to correct the position.

[0025] As an embodiment of the present invention, the method for the quality detection module to determine whether the quality of the part is abnormal is: After the parts are placed, multiple viewing angle images of the parts are captured by the camera probe 7, and grayscale processing is performed on each viewing angle image to obtain contour features of each viewing angle image, wherein the contour features include the number of contours and the area and perimeter of each contour; The obtained contour features are compared with the standard contour features under normal part quality conditions. When the overlap between the contour features and the standard features is less than 97%, it is judged that the part quality is abnormal.

[0026] Through the above technical solution, this embodiment provides a specific method for the quality inspection module to determine whether the quality of the part is abnormal. First, after the part is placed, the camera probe 7 takes multiple viewing angle images of the part, and grayscales each viewing angle image to obtain the contour features of each viewing angle image. The contour features include but are not limited to the number of contours and the area and perimeter of each contour; the obtained contour features are compared with the standard contour features under normal part quality conditions. When the overlap between the contour features and the standard features is less than 97%, it is determined that the part quality is abnormal. In this way, the quality of the part can be inspected each time the placement is completed, and whether the surface of the part is abnormal can be found in time, thereby saving subsequent quality inspection time.

[0027] As an embodiment of the present invention, the method for the alarm module to determine whether an abnormality occurs in the conveying equipment is: The alarm module's alarm modes include real-time alarm and early warning alarm; Real-time alarm: Get adjustment information for each delivery. Greater than the preset alarm angle threshold Or the moving distance L exceeds the preset alarm distance When the conveying equipment is abnormal, a real-time alarm is issued; the overlap degree of each feature obtained during each quality inspection is obtained. , so that through the formula Obtain the comprehensive overlap during each quality inspection , if the comprehensive overlap Less than the preset standard overlap , then a real-time alarm is issued, where G is the number of feature items obtained during detection, is the overlap degree of the kth feature item, is the proportional coefficient of the kth characteristic term, ; Early warning alarm: When no real-time alarm occurs, the adjustment information and detection information of N conveying processes are obtained, so as to Get the early warning risk value , and the obtained warning risk value Compared with the preset warning risk threshold For comparison, when When the conveying equipment is abnormal, an alarm is sounded; in, is the location outlier, is a quality outlier. as well as are the respective preset coefficients, location outliers The method of obtaining is: obtain the number of position corrections that occur during N transports , through the formula Get location outliers ; in, is the maximum angle among all the corrections, is the minimum angle among all the corrections, is the preset angle reference value, is the angle fluctuation coefficient, and , is the maximum distance among all the corrections, is the minimum distance among all the corrections, is the preset distance reference value, is the distance fluctuation coefficient, and , ; Quality Outliers The acquisition method is: Get the number of quality abnormalities that occur during N transport processes , so that through the formula Determine quality outliers ; in, ,and , is the degree of coincidence each time a quality anomaly occurs, It is the number of times when the degree of overlap is less than the average degree of overlap among the times when quality anomalies occur.

[0028] Through the above technical solution, this embodiment provides a method for the alarm module to determine whether an abnormality occurs in the conveying equipment. First, the alarm is divided into real-time alarm and early warning alarm.

[0029] Real-time alarm: Get adjustment information for each delivery. Greater than the preset alarm angle threshold Or the moving distance L exceeds the preset alarm distance When the position of the equipment exceeds the preset position, it means that the conveying equipment is abnormal, and a real-time alarm is issued; at the same time, the overlap degree of each feature in each quality inspection is obtained. , so that through the formula Obtain the comprehensive overlap during each quality inspection , if the comprehensive overlap Less than the preset standard overlap , indicating that the parts are greatly worn during the handling process, the conveying equipment is judged to be abnormal, and a real-time alarm is issued. In this way, the conveying equipment can be analyzed and judged to be abnormal based on the real-time situation of each placement position and the abnormal situation of the parts during each detection, and timely processing can be carried out. , preset alarm distance , preset standard overlap And the proportional coefficient of each characteristic item All of them can be independently formulated based on empirical data, so I will not go into details here.

[0030] Early warning alarm: When no real-time alarm occurs, the adjustment information and detection information of N conveying processes are obtained, so as to Get the early warning risk value , and the obtained warning risk value Compared with the preset warning risk threshold For comparison, when If the parts have many quality abnormalities or position deviations during transportation, it means that the transportation equipment is also abnormal. Therefore, when no real-time alarm occurs, the adjustment information and detection information of the N-time transportation process are obtained, so that the formula Get the early warning risk value , comprehensively analyze the position abnormality and quality abnormality obtained over a period of time to determine whether the conveying equipment is abnormal, so as to discover the hidden abnormal problems of the equipment, and timely adjust or repair the relevant parameters of the conveying equipment to ensure the quality and efficiency of transportation. The method of obtaining is: obtain the number of position corrections that occur during N transports , through the formula Get location outliers ;formula Indicates the difference between the maximum angle and the minimum angle in this time period, formula Indicates the difference between the maximum distance and the minimum distance in this time period. The greater the change in angle or distance, the greater the risk of abnormality of the equipment, and the angle fluctuation coefficient The larger or the distance fluctuation coefficient The larger the value, the greater the position fluctuation difference of each placement during this time period. Therefore, when the position outlier value is larger, it means that the risk of abnormality of the conveying equipment is higher; and the quality outlier value is The acquisition method is: Get the number of quality abnormalities that occur during N transport processes , so that through the formula Determine quality outliers ; From the formula, it can be seen that the more times the overlap is less than the average overlap, or the greater the fluctuation difference of the abnormal situation of parts during each transportation, the higher the risk of abnormality in the transportation equipment; therefore, through the formula Conduct comprehensive analysis to obtain early warning risk values , and then the obtained warning risk value Compared with the preset warning risk threshold For comparison, when In this way, the position abnormalities and quality abnormalities obtained over a period of time can be comprehensively analyzed to determine whether the conveying equipment is abnormal, so that hidden abnormalities of the equipment can be discovered, and relevant parameters of the conveying equipment can be adjusted or repaired in time to ensure the quality and efficiency of transportation.

[0031] It should be noted that the preset coefficient as well as , warning risk threshold , preset angle reference value , preset distance reference value All of these can be determined based on the historical data and experience data of the transportation of related parts, so we will not elaborate on them here.

[0032] The above contents are merely examples and explanations of the concept of the present invention. The technicians in this technical field may make various modifications or additions to the specific embodiments described or replace them in a similar manner. As long as they do not deviate from the concept of the invention or exceed the scope defined by the claims, they should all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A workshop parts conveying equipment based on electrical automatic control, characterized in that: include: A mounting frame (1) and an XY shifting group (2) mounted on the mounting frame (1); a shifting plate (6) is mounted directly below the XY shifting group (2); a mounting plate (3) is also mounted on the XY shifting group (2); an electrically controlled moving clamp (4) is mounted at the bottom of the mounting plate (3); a control assembly (5) is also mounted on the top of the mounting plate (3); a camera probe (7) is mounted on one side of the electrically controlled clamp on the mounting plate (3); and an electrically controlled correction clamp (8) is mounted on the other side.

2. A control system for workshop parts conveying equipment based on electrical automatic control, comprising the workshop parts conveying equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control system comprises: A coordinate planning module, wherein the coordinate planning module divides the movable plate (6) into a plurality of placement areas, and each placement area has a corresponding coordinate center point on the coordinate system; An information acquisition module, the information acquisition module is used to acquire associated information required for device control, the associated information including image information and position information at each placement, adjustment information acquired by the adjustment module, and detection information acquired by the quality detection module; An adjustment module, the adjustment module is used to analyze according to the acquired associated parameters, so as to determine whether the position of the placed parts needs to be adjusted, and when adjustment is needed, the position of the parts is corrected; A quality inspection module, which is used to inspect the conveyed parts and determine whether the parts have any abnormal quality; An alarm module is used to conduct a comprehensive analysis based on the adjustment information obtained by the adjustment module and the detection information obtained by the quality detection module, so as to monitor the parts conveying equipment in real time to determine whether there is any abnormality in the equipment.

3. A control system for workshop parts conveying equipment based on electrical automatic control according to claim 2, characterized in that: The method by which the adjustment module determines whether the position of the placed parts needs to be adjusted is: Set an allowable error radius, take the coordinate center point of the placement area as the center, and draw a circle in the placement area with the allowable error radius as the radius, so as to obtain the allowable error area; The position coordinates B of each part placement are obtained. If the position coordinates fall within the allowable error area, it is determined that the position of the placed part does not need to be adjusted; otherwise, it is determined that the position of the placed part needs to be adjusted.

4. A control system for workshop parts conveying equipment based on electrical automatic control according to claim 3, characterized in that: The method for the adjustment module to correct the position of the part is: Get the horizontal distance from position coordinate B to coordinate center point A And vertical distance , thereby controlling the electronically controlled correction jaw (8) to move at a horizontal angle of Move L distance to the coordinate center point A; in, , L = .

5. The control system of a workshop parts conveying equipment based on electrical automatic control according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The method for the quality inspection module to determine whether the quality of the parts is abnormal is: After the parts are placed, multiple viewing angle images of the parts are captured by a camera probe (7), and grayscale processing is performed on each viewing angle image to obtain contour features of each viewing angle image, wherein the contour features include the number of contours and the area, perimeter, etc. of each contour; The obtained contour features are compared with the standard contour features under normal part quality conditions. When the overlap between the contour features and the standard features is less than 97%, it is judged that the part quality is abnormal.

6. The control system of a workshop parts conveying equipment based on electrical automatic control according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The method by which the alarm module determines whether an abnormality occurs in the conveying equipment is: The alarm module's alarm modes include real-time alarm and early warning alarm; Real-time alarm: Get adjustment information for each delivery. Greater than the preset alarm angle threshold Or the moving distance L exceeds the preset alarm distance When the conveying equipment is abnormal, a real-time alarm is issued; the overlap degree of each feature obtained during each quality inspection is obtained. , so that through the formula Obtain the comprehensive coincidence degree during each quality inspection , if the comprehensive overlap Less than the preset standard overlap , then a real-time alarm is issued, where G is the number of feature items obtained during detection, is the overlap degree of the kth feature item, is the proportional coefficient of the kth characteristic term, ; Early warning alarm: When no real-time alarm occurs, the adjustment information and detection information of N conveying processes are obtained, so as to Derive the early warning risk value , and the obtained warning risk value Compared with the preset warning risk threshold For comparison, when When the conveying equipment is abnormal, an alarm is sounded; in, is the location outlier, is the quality outlier, as well as are the preset coefficients for each.

7. A control system for workshop parts conveying equipment based on electrical automatic control according to claim 6, characterized in that: The location outliers The method to obtain it is: Get the number of position corrections during N transports , through the formula Get location outliers ; in, is the maximum angle among all the corrections, is the minimum angle among all the corrections, is the preset angle reference value, is the angle fluctuation coefficient, and , is the maximum distance among all the corrections, is the minimum distance among all the corrections, is the preset distance reference value, is the distance fluctuation coefficient, and , .

8. The workshop parts conveying equipment and control system based on electrical automatic control according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The quality outliers The acquisition method is: Get the number of quality anomalies that occur during N transport processes , so that through the formula Determine quality outliers ; in, ,and , is the comprehensive coincidence degree each time a quality abnormality occurs, It is the number of times when the degree of overlap is less than the average degree of overlap among the times when quality anomalies occur.

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