Solar roof system utilizing multiple spectrums

Abstract

The invention relates to a solar roof system utilizing multiple spectrums, which comprises a heat preservation base serving as a roof and provided with an opening; the transparent photovoltaic cover plate is arranged outside the heat preservation base, and an air flow channel is formed between the transparent photovoltaic cover plate and the heat preservation base. The flow guide channel is formed in the heat preservation base and communicates with the indoor air flow channel. A first flow blocking partition plate capable of being opened and closed is arranged at an inlet of the air flow channel, a second flow blocking partition plate capable of being opened and closed is arranged at an outlet of the air flow channel, a fourth flow blocking partition plate capable of being opened and closed is arranged at the indoor end of the flow guide channel, and a third flow blocking partition plate capable of being opened and closed is arranged at an opening. The ultraviolet light is utilized to drive TiO2 to generate hydroxyl free radicals with strong oxidizing capacity, organic pollutants are effectively decomposed, sterilization is achieved, compared with an electrically-driven photocatalytic air purifier in the market, higher energy efficiency is achieved, in addition, the air purifier is coupled with a traditional roof, redundant space is not occupied, and the manufacturing and maintaining cost is lower.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of solar energy application, in particular to a solar energy roof system utilizing multiple spectrums. Background Art

[0002] Traditional photovoltaic / solar thermal (PV / T) systems can simultaneously generate electricity and absorb excess heat to heat the air or domestic water, thereby improving the overall utilization of solar radiation. However, existing PV / solar thermal systems mainly use crystalline silicon photovoltaic cells, whose electrical efficiency drops significantly under high temperature conditions, limiting the further development of this technology. In contrast, the electrical efficiency of organic photovoltaic cells (OPV) increases with increasing temperature, which just overcomes the limitations of crystalline silicon cells and makes them have higher potential in PV / T systems. In addition, ultraviolet rays in the solar spectrum can easily cause degradation of photovoltaic cells, which is also one of the bottlenecks of current photovoltaic systems.

[0003] Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is a common photocatalyst that can produce active substances with strong oxidizing ability under ultraviolet irradiation, effectively degrading organic pollutants in the air. Therefore, combining photocatalytic technology with photovoltaic / photothermal systems can significantly improve the multi-band utilization efficiency of sunlight and achieve air purification at the same time. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention aims to provide a solar roof system that can efficiently utilize the multi-band energy of sunlight, integrate photovoltaic power generation, photothermal utilization and air purification functions, and realize the cascade utilization of sunlight. The present invention not only solves the problem of low efficiency of traditional photovoltaic power generation systems under high temperature conditions, but also can supply domestic hot water and purify indoor air, thereby improving the overall energy efficiency and living comfort of the building.

[0005] The present invention relates to a multi-spectrum solar roof system composed of a plurality of functional components, including a heat-insulating substrate, a transparent photovoltaic cover plate, an air flow channel, a light-heat absorption layer, a catalytic purification layer, a vacuum heat collecting tube and a water storage system; wherein the main body of the roof is an open heat-insulating substrate, and the heat-insulating substrate is made of a material with excellent heat-insulating properties (such as rock wool or polyurethane foam), which can effectively reduce heat loss and improve the thermal efficiency of the system;

[0006] Furthermore, a transparent photovoltaic cover is installed on the top of the thermal insulation base, and the transparent photovoltaic cover is composed of two pieces of high-transmittance glass and organic photovoltaic cells. Compared with traditional crystalline silicon photovoltaic cells, organic photovoltaic cells have higher temperature adaptability, and their electrical efficiency increases with increasing temperature, which overcomes the deficiency of crystalline silicon photovoltaic cells that the efficiency decreases under high temperature conditions, and can maintain stable power generation performance at higher ambient temperatures. The transparent photovoltaic cover allows infrared and ultraviolet rays in sunlight to penetrate, providing more energy for the photothermal absorption layer and the catalytic purification layer.

[0007] Furthermore, a photothermal absorption layer is coated on the surface of the thermal insulation substrate, and the material is selected from a selective coating with high absorptivity and low emissivity, such as black chrome, black nickel or graphene electrothermal coating, to ensure maximum absorption of infrared rays and convert them into thermal energy; the thermal energy is transferred to the vacuum collector tube through the photothermal absorption layer, and the vacuum collector tube is tightly fitted with the photothermal absorption layer, and the thermal interface material is used to ensure efficient heat conduction; after the fluid (such as water) inside the collector tube is heated, it is conducted to the water tank through the heat exchanger to provide hot water for life.

[0008] Furthermore, in order to improve the multi-band utilization rate of solar energy, the present invention also coats a catalytic purification layer on the surface of the photothermal absorption layer, using anatase-type titanium dioxide material; this material will produce hydroxyl radicals with strong oxidizing ability under the irradiation of ultraviolet light, which can effectively decompose organic pollutants in the air, kill bacteria and viruses, and realize the air purification function; the air flow channel is located between the thermal insulation base and the transparent photovoltaic cover plate, and the air circulates with the indoor air through the flow channel under the action of heat pressure, and the catalytic purification layer can continuously purify the air during the air flow process to ensure the indoor air quality; this design enables the present invention to achieve zero-energy drive in air purification, significantly reducing the energy consumption burden of traditional electric-driven air purifiers.

[0009] Furthermore, the system heats the water in the water tank through the vacuum heat collecting tube. A heat exchanger is installed inside the water tank. The heat exchanger is connected to both ends of the vacuum heat collecting tube to ensure efficient heat transfer. The cold water in the water tank is gradually heated by the heat exchanger to form a natural stratification of hot and cold water. The hot water is transported to the water user through a pipe for use by the user. In addition, magnesium rods and electronic anodes are installed in the water tank to prevent scaling and corrosion of the metal pipes in the water tank, extend the service life of the water storage system and reduce maintenance costs.

[0010] Furthermore, one end of the air flow channel is an inlet with a first baffle installed, and the other end is an outlet with a second baffle installed, and the inlet and the outlet are respectively connected to the external environment; the design of the air flow channel allows indoor and outdoor air to flow naturally under the action of temperature difference and pressure difference;

[0011] The device can realize the switching between purification and ventilation modes. In ventilation mode, the system uses the fan to guide fresh air into the room; first, the first baffle and the fourth baffle are fully opened, and the second baffle and the third baffle 3 are closed to form an airflow channel; the fan is started when needed to generate a positive airflow, and the fresh air outside is introduced into the air flow channel, and then enters the room through the guide channel, so as to realize effective air replacement. At the same time, the catalytic purification layer is activated by ultraviolet light and can perform preliminary treatment on the outdoor air; in addition, the second baffle and the third baffle can be opened, and the first baffle and the fourth baffle can be closed. At this time, the indoor air flows out under the action of heat pressure and enters the outdoor environment; in winter or when it is necessary to reduce heat loss, the third baffle and the fourth baffle are closed to maintain the indoor temperature.

[0012] In purification mode, the third and fourth baffles are opened, and the first and second baffles are closed; the system uses the fan and thermal pressure effect to make the air form an internal circulation in the flow channel; at this time, the catalytic purification layer stimulates hydroxyl free radicals with strong oxidizing ability under ultraviolet light, decomposes organic pollutants and harmful gases in the air, kills bacteria and viruses, and continuously purifies the air; the fan runs at a low speed to push the indoor air through the catalytic purification layer, ensuring that the air flows back to the room after multiple purifications, further improving the indoor air quality.

[0013] In both modes, sunlight shines on the organic photovoltaic cells to generate electricity to power the system, and each baffle can be opened and closed controllably as needed.

[0014] Furthermore, the solar roof system can be integrated with the smart home control system, using sensors to monitor indoor and outdoor temperature, humidity, air quality and other environmental parameters, and adjust the working status of photovoltaic power generation, air purification and hot water supply in real time. Through automated control, the system can optimize energy utilization according to weather conditions or user needs, thereby further improving energy efficiency and providing higher comfort.

[0015] Furthermore, the solar roof system is suitable for various types of buildings, especially residential buildings, commercial buildings and industrial plants. The versatility of the roof system not only enables it to significantly reduce the energy consumption of the building, but also improves the indoor air quality and meets the requirements of living comfort. At the same time, the solar roof system of the present invention has a compact structure, does not occupy additional building space, is easy to be seamlessly integrated with the existing building structure, and has a wide market application prospect.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the present invention include at least the following aspects:

[0017] 1. Combine photocatalytic technology (PCO), photovoltaic and thermal technology (PV / T) with architecture to establish a solar roof system that utilizes multiple spectra. Organic photovoltaic cells first absorb sunlight to generate electricity. Due to the translucency of organic photovoltaic cells, the remaining visible light, infrared light, and ultraviolet light pass through the transparent photovoltaic cover plate. The catalytic purification layer on the photothermal absorption layer responds to the ultraviolet light to produce a photocatalytic reaction to achieve air purification. At the same time, the infrared light is heated by the photothermal absorption layer to heat the water in the vacuum collector tube, and the heat is exchanged with the domestic water in the water storage tank through the heat exchanger for user use. In summary, the present invention integrates power generation, air purification, and domestic hot water supply to achieve the cascade utilization of solar energy, which is low-carbon and environmentally friendly.

[0018] 2. The present invention is a zero-energy system in terms of air purification. It uses ultraviolet light to drive TiO2 to produce hydroxyl radicals with strong oxidizing ability, which effectively decomposes organic pollutants and kills bacteria. Compared with the electrically driven photocatalytic air purifiers on the market, it has higher energy efficiency. In addition, the present invention is coupled with the traditional roof, does not occupy extra space, and has lower production and maintenance costs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0020] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 This is an enlarged view of the insulation base;

[0022] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the water storage tank;

[0023] In the figure: 1-insulation base; 15-opening; 2-transparent photovoltaic cover; 21-translucent glass; 22-organic photovoltaic cell; 3-air flow channel; 4-photothermal absorption layer; 5-catalytic purification layer; 6-vacuum collector tube; 7-flow baffle; 8-fan; 9-water storage tank; 91-heat exchanger; 92-magnesium rod; 93-electronic anode; 94-inlet and outlet; 95-water dispenser interface; 96-tap water interface, DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These drawings are simplified schematic diagrams, which only illustrate the basic structure of the present invention in a schematic manner, and therefore only show the components related to the present invention.

[0025] like Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the main body of the solar roof system of the present invention is composed of an open 15 concave insulation base 1, a transparent photovoltaic cover plate 2, an air flow channel 3, a photothermal absorption layer 4, a catalytic purification layer 5 and a vacuum heat collecting tube 6; the insulation base 1 is made of a material with good thermal insulation performance (such as rock wool or polyurethane foam), which can effectively reduce heat loss and improve the overall thermal efficiency of the system; the transparent photovoltaic cover plate 2 is composed of two high-transmittance glasses 21 and an organic photovoltaic cell 22. The organic photovoltaic cell 22 is made of polymer material, which can maintain a high electrical efficiency in a high temperature environment and has translucency, allowing part of the sunlight to pass through, providing more energy for the photothermal absorption layer and catalytic purification layer of the lower layer;

[0026] The transparent photovoltaic cover 2 is arranged on the top of the thermal insulation base 1. When sunlight passes through the cover, the organic photovoltaic cell 22 can absorb visible light and convert it into electrical energy for the power supply of the building. Due to the semi-transmittance of the organic photovoltaic cell 22, the remaining ultraviolet light and infrared light continue to penetrate the photovoltaic cover 2 to provide energy for the underlying photothermal absorption layer 4 and catalytic purification layer 5. Compared with traditional crystalline silicon photovoltaic cells, the electrical efficiency of the organic photovoltaic cell 22 increases with the increase of temperature, so it can still maintain stable power generation performance under high temperature weather conditions.

[0027] The photothermal absorption layer 4 is coated on the surface of the thermal insulation base 1, and is made of high-efficiency light-absorbing materials such as black chrome or graphene, which can effectively absorb infrared rays and convert them into thermal energy; the thermal energy is transferred to the tightly fitted vacuum heat collecting tube 6 through the photothermal absorption layer 4; the water inside the vacuum heat collecting tube 6 heats up after absorbing heat, and the heat is conducted to the water storage tank 9 through the heat exchanger 91, providing a heat source for domestic hot water supply.

[0028] The vacuum heat collecting tube 6 is tightly fitted with the light heat absorbing layer 4 through the thermal interface material, ensuring that the heat can be efficiently transferred to the water or other heat transfer medium inside the vacuum heat collecting tube 6; the inner and outer layers of the vacuum heat collecting tube 6 are coated with graphene electric heating coatings, which have good thermal insulation and thermal conductivity; the water inside the vacuum heat collecting tube 6 is heated to a high temperature after absorbing heat, and the hot water is sent to the water storage tank 9 according to the principle that hot water rises and cold water sinks; a magnesium rod 92 and an electronic anode 93 are also installed in the water storage tank 9, and the magnesium rod reacts chemically with the metal ions in the water to prevent scale formation and protect the water storage system from corrosion; through this design, the service life of the water storage system is effectively extended, and the maintenance cost is reduced;

[0029] like Figure 3 As shown, the inlet and outlet 94 connects the vacuum heat collecting tube 6 and the heat exchanger 91. After the tap water enters the water storage tank 9 from the tap water interface 96, it passes through the heat exchanger 91 and is discharged from the water user interface 95 for use by the user.

[0030] The air flow channel 3 is located between the thermal insulation base 1 and the transparent photovoltaic cover plate 2; one end of the air flow channel 3 is the inlet for installing the first baffle plate 11, and the other end is the outlet for installing the second baffle plate 12, which are respectively connected to the external environment; the air flow channel 3 uses heat pressure to drive air circulation. When sunlight shines on the photovoltaic cover plate 2, the air in the air flow channel 3 rises due to heating, forming a convection circulation with the indoor air, realizing the natural flow of air; the surface of the photothermal absorption layer 4 is evenly coated with a catalytic purification layer 5, and the catalytic purification layer 5 uses anatase-type titanium dioxide material, which can produce a photocatalytic reaction under the excitation of ultraviolet light, generate hydroxyl free radicals with strong oxidizing ability, and decompose organic pollutants and harmful gases in the air, such as formaldehyde, benzene, etc. In addition, the catalytic purification layer 5 can also effectively kill bacteria and viruses in the air to ensure the cleanliness and health of the indoor air;

[0031] This system has two modes: ventilation and purification;

[0032] In ventilation mode, the system uses the fan 8 to guide fresh air into the room. First, the first baffle 11 and the fourth baffle 14 are fully opened, and the second baffle 12 and the third baffle 13 are closed to form an airflow channel; the fan 8 is started when necessary to generate a positive airflow, and the fresh air outside is introduced into the air flow channel, and then enters the room through the guide channel, thereby achieving effective air replacement. At the same time, the catalytic purification layer 5 is activated by ultraviolet light and can perform preliminary treatment on the outdoor air; in addition, the second baffle 12 and the third baffle 13 can be opened, and the first baffle 11 and the fourth baffle 14 can be closed. At this time, the indoor air flows out under the action of heat pressure and enters the outdoor environment. In winter or when it is necessary to reduce heat loss, the third baffle 13 and the baffle 14 are closed to maintain the indoor temperature.

[0033] In the purification mode, the third baffle 13 and the baffle 14 are opened, and the first baffle 11 and the second baffle 12 are closed; the system uses the fan 8 and the thermal pressure effect to make the air form an internal circulation in the flow channel; at this time, the catalytic purification layer 5 excites hydroxyl free radicals with strong oxidizing ability under ultraviolet light, decomposes organic pollutants and harmful gases in the air, kills bacteria and viruses, and continuously purifies the air; the fan 8 runs at a low speed to push the indoor air to flow through the catalytic purification layer 5, ensuring that the air flows back to the room after multiple purifications, further improving the indoor air quality.

[0034] In both modes, sunlight shines on the organic photovoltaic cells to generate electricity to power the system, and each baffle can be opened and closed controllably as needed.

[0035] The solar roof system of the present invention can be integrated with a smart home control system to achieve automatic adjustment. The system can monitor environmental parameters such as indoor and outdoor temperature, humidity, light intensity, and air quality through sensors. Based on these monitoring data, the system can automatically adjust the working mode to ensure maximum energy utilization. In addition, the system can also flexibly adjust the hot water supply according to the user's usage habits and needs to ensure that the temperature and supply of indoor domestic water meet user needs. This intelligent control design not only improves the overall energy efficiency of the system, but also improves the user's comfort.

[0036] The system design of the present invention focuses on durability and convenience of maintenance. Both the light and heat absorption layer 4 and the catalytic purification layer 5 are made of highly weather-resistant materials, which can maintain stable performance under long-term sunlight conditions.

[0037] Based on the above ideal embodiments of the present invention, the relevant staff can make various changes and modifications without departing from the technical concept of the present invention through the above description. The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the contents of the specification, and its technical scope must be determined according to the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A multi-spectrum solar roof system, characterized in that: include: As a thermal insulation base of the roof, the thermal insulation base is provided with an opening; A transparent photovoltaic cover is arranged outside the thermal insulation base, and an air flow channel is formed between the transparent photovoltaic cover and the thermal insulation base; a guide channel is opened at the thermal insulation base, and the guide channel connects the indoor and the air flow channel; a first flow-blocking baffle that can be opened and closed is arranged at the inlet of the air flow channel, a second flow-blocking baffle that can be opened and closed is arranged at the outlet of the air flow channel, a fourth flow-blocking baffle that can be opened and closed is arranged at one end of the guide channel located in the indoor, and a third flow-blocking baffle that can be opened and closed is arranged at the open end; The transparent photovoltaic cover plate includes two light-transmitting glasses and an organic photovoltaic cell arranged between the two light-transmitting glasses; the surface of the thermal insulation substrate is coated with a catalytic purification layer made of titanium dioxide.

2. A multi-spectrum solar roof system according to claim 1, characterized in that: A light and heat absorption layer is also coated between the catalytic purification layer and the thermal insulation substrate; A plurality of vacuum heat collecting tubes are arranged in the heat preservation base, and the vacuum heat collecting tubes are closely attached to the light and heat absorption layer.

3. A multi-spectrum solar roof system according to claim 1, characterized in that: A fan is arranged at one end of the flow guide channel located indoors.

4. A multi-spectrum solar roof system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The vacuum heat collecting tube is connected to a water storage tank through a heat exchanger; the water storage tank is provided with a magnesium rod and an electronic anode.

5. The multi-spectrum solar roof system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material of the thermal insulation substrate is rock wool or polyurethane foam.

6. The multi-spectrum solar roof system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The light-heat absorption layer is black chromium, black nickel or graphene electric heating coating.

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