Automatic settlement monitoring method for railroad bed in permafrost region

Abstract

The invention discloses an automatic settlement monitoring method for a railroad bed in a permafrost region, which utilizes abundant solar energy in a plateau region as a power supply source, and adopts a laser transmitter to carry out settlement monitoring according to a preset frequency. The automatic monitoring mode not only greatly saves manpower, time and economic cost, but also has the characteristics of being safe, environment-friendly and green. Through the data acquisition instrument and the wireless transmission system, monitoring data can be transmitted to a background server in real time. The advanced monitoring method provides effective technical support for long-term observation of Qinghai-Tibet railways, and has a wide application prospect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of information monitoring, and in particular to an automatic settlement monitoring method for railway roadbed in permafrost areas. Background Art

[0002] The permafrost zone of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is located above 4,500 meters above sea level, facing extremely harsh climatic conditions and severe construction challenges. The permafrost zone of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway is more than 500 kilometers long, and the layout of existing roadbed deformation monitoring points is relatively sparse, which undoubtedly increases the difficulty of monitoring work. At present, the conventional manual monitoring method not only requires monitoring personnel to carry heavy indium steel rulers and electronic levels and other equipment, but also has high work intensity and difficult working conditions. In addition, the monitoring process causes varying degrees of damage to the fragile local environment, increasing the risk of roadbed slope engineering wounds. At the same time, plateau environmental monitoring work is inefficient, time-consuming and labor-intensive, and the construction organization is complex, with high labor and economic costs. With the development of information technology, the existing manual monitoring method can no longer meet the current technical requirements for safe operation monitoring of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway. In order to solve these problems, the patent of this invention proposes an effective automated monitoring method to realize unmanned monitoring, which is not only safe, green, and environmentally friendly, but also has higher accuracy in data monitoring, greatly reducing manpower, time, and economic costs, and has good application prospects. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problem and to provide a method for automatic settlement monitoring of railway subgrade in permafrost areas.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for monitoring the automatic settlement of railway subgrade in permafrost regions, comprising the following contents: S1: Determine the monitoring points according to the actual situation, including but not limited to general roadbed, road-bridge transition section, bridge pile foundation and culvert structure, etc. An indium steel ruler reference pile can be set near the monitoring point, and multiple reference piles can be set at the dispersed monitoring points to establish a multi-monitoring point network to improve the comprehensiveness and accuracy of monitoring; S2: Set a reference pile at a certain distance from each monitoring point, and set a pier foundation and indium steel ruler on the reference pile; S3: Then set the laser transmitter at the monitoring point, aim at the indium steel ruler, use the laser transmitter to monitor the indium steel ruler reference pile at a certain frequency or time interval, and transmit the monitoring data to the data acquisition instrument; S4: In order to reduce the excessive area occupied by the shoulder, take into account the railway driving and personal safety, and facilitate the convenience of later manual maintenance, the data acquisition instrument and wireless transmission system are set up at the bottom of the shoulder slope, and the data is transmitted to the background server through the wireless transmission system; S5: After the data enters the backend server, it is converted into settlement values ​​through algorithms, and the settlement values ​​at each benchmark point are directly displayed on the server screen. The annual settlement value and total settlement value are set according to the standard. Once the set range is exceeded, the backend server will issue an alarm. According to the actual situation of each benchmark point, the geological characteristics of the permafrost area of ​​each benchmark point are classified, and the settlement changes of the permafrost area at the monitoring point are analyzed through the records of previous years, and the controllable settlement change range of the monitoring point is accurately set. The specific situations include the following three: (1) If the annual settlement change rate of the monitoring point is greater than the value specified in the specification, human intervention is required to conduct a detailed analysis of the benchmark area where the degradation situation is uncontrollable; (2) The settlement change rate of the monitoring point is within the allowable range of the specification. Use the remote camera to check whether the photoelectric transmitter at the monitoring point has been disturbed or damaged. If there is no abnormality, it means that the monitoring point is in a stable state; (3) If the monitoring information is lost, maintenance personnel will need to be dispatched to the area where the data is lost to perform device maintenance.

[0005] Furthermore, a protective bracket is set around the indium steel ruler.

[0006] Furthermore, the data acquisition instrument and the wireless transmission system are also provided with solar panels, and the data acquisition instrument is installed in a protective box.

[0007] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The abundant solar energy in the plateau is used as a power source, and a laser transmitter is used to monitor the subsidence at a predetermined frequency. This automated monitoring method not only greatly saves manpower, time and economic costs, but also has the characteristics of safety, environmental protection and green. Through the data acquisition instrument and wireless transmission system, the monitoring data can be transmitted to the background server in real time. This advanced monitoring method provides effective technical support for the long-term observation of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway and has broad application prospects. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0008] Figure 1 Layout diagram for automated settlement monitoring system in permafrost areas; Figure 2 Schematic diagram for setting up the data logger; Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the level transmitter.

[0009] In the figure: 1. Indium steel ruler; 2. Protective support; 3. Pier foundation; 4. Reference pile; 5. Data acquisition instrument; 6. Wireless transmission system; 7. Solar panel; 8. Laser transmitter; 9. Photoelectric converter; 10. Railway shoulder; 11. Track; 12. Communication cable; 13. Permafrost upper limit; 14. Permafrost permafrost layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0010] In order to make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects achieved by the present invention easy to understand, the present invention is further explained below in conjunction with specific implementation methods.

[0011] according to Figure 1-Figure 3 As shown, the present invention provides a method for monitoring the automatic settlement of railway subgrade in permafrost areas, and the technology is divided into the following steps: S1: Determine the monitoring points according to the actual situation, including but not limited to general roadbed, road-bridge transition section, bridge pile foundation and culvert structure, etc. An indium steel ruler reference pile can be set near the monitoring point, and multiple reference piles can be set at the dispersed monitoring points to establish a multi-monitoring point network to improve the comprehensiveness and accuracy of monitoring; S2: Build a reference pile 4 at each reference point that needs to be monitored, and set a pier foundation 3 and an indium steel ruler 1 on the reference pile 4.

[0012] S3: Then place the laser transmitter 8 on the road shoulder, aim at the indium steel ruler 1, use the laser transmitter 8 to monitor the indium steel ruler 1, and transmit the monitoring data to the data acquisition device 5.

[0013] S4: In order to reduce the excessive area occupied by the shoulder, railway driving and personal safety, and facilitate the convenience of later manual maintenance, the data acquisition instrument 5 and the wireless transmission system 6 are set up at the bottom of the shoulder slope, and the data is transmitted to the background server through the wireless transmission system 6; S5: After the data enters the background server, it is converted into settlement values ​​through an algorithm, and the settlement values ​​at each benchmark point are directly displayed on the server screen. According to the "Railway Subgrade Design Specifications" TB10001-2016, the post-construction settlement of the subgrade should meet the following requirements: The total settlement of the general subgrade of Class I railways should not be greater than 20cm, the total settlement of the road-bridge transition section should not be greater than 100mm, and the settlement rate should not be greater than 5cm / year. Set the annual settlement value upper limit and the total settlement value upper limit respectively, and then count the annual settlement value and the total settlement value respectively. When the background server processes the data, these two values ​​are counted separately, and an alarm will be issued if they exceed the limit. The details are as follows: (1) If the annual settlement change rate of the monitoring point is greater than the value specified in the specification, human intervention is required to conduct a detailed analysis of the benchmark area where the degradation situation is uncontrollable, so as to provide a basis for the treatment of roadbed diseases; (2) If the settlement change rate of the monitoring point is within the allowable range of the specification, use the remote camera to check whether the photoelectric transmitter at the monitoring point has been disturbed or damaged. If there is no abnormality, it means that the monitoring point is stable; (3) If the monitoring information is lost, maintenance personnel will need to be dispatched to the area where the data is lost to perform device maintenance.

[0014] Example: 1) The indium steel ruler 1 is fixed on the reference pile 4, which is buried below the upper limit of the permafrost layer, about 1.5 to 2.0 times the upper limit of the permafrost layer. The reference pile 4 is cast with cement concrete, and the bottom of the pile foundation is located in the stable permafrost layer to ensure the stability of the reference pile 4; 2) The indium steel ruler 1 is set on the steel plate structure, and protective brackets 2 are set on both sides of the indium steel ruler 1 to improve the stability of the indium steel ruler 1; 3) The laser transmitter 8 emits light to the indium steel ruler 1, and the built-in photoelectric signal converter converts the light signal into an electronic signal, which is transmitted to the data collector through the data communication cable. The collector transmits the signal to the background server through the wireless 4G network and converts it into a sedimentation value through a certain algorithm; 4) The laser transmitter 8 is set to a certain frequency for monitoring. According to the existing Qinghai-Tibet line long-term observation system, the manual monitoring frequency is once a month, which can be set to monitor once every 10 to 15 days; 5) The laser transmitter 8 is installed on the railway shoulder 10, and the installation shell is of good quality, which can effectively protect the internal sensors and sensitive electrical components, reduce the impact of harsh environment, and reduce the impact of wild animals, etc.; 6) Use the Internet of Things platform to uniformly manage and monitor all monitoring equipment and understand the equipment status in real time.

[0015] 7) The monitoring equipment is equipped with a solar power supply device to reduce dependence on external power supply and improve the independence and sustainability of the system.

[0016] 8) In addition to the setting of single benchmark points and monitoring points, a distributed multi-benchmark pile 4-type and multi-monitoring point network can be constructed in structural transition sections such as bridgehead roadbed and culvert roadbed to improve the comprehensiveness and accuracy of monitoring.

[0017] 9) The indium steel ruler 1 reference stake 4 can be calibrated regularly and calibrated with known external reference stake 4 standards to ensure the stability and accuracy of data transmission.

[0018] 10) It is not only applicable to permafrost areas, but also to other scenarios where unmanned monitoring is required, such as next door, sandy areas, polar regions, etc., and can achieve the purpose of automated monitoring.

[0019] The construction sites with the most serious settlement diseases in permafrost areas are mainly concentrated in the road-bridge transition section and the road culvert transition section. The differential settlement caused by permafrost degradation, hydrothermal erosion, frost heave, etc. leads to a high disease rate. It is the focus of monitoring and disease control in the permafrost area of ​​the Qinghai-Tibet Railway. It is particularly important to monitor the settlement in the transition section. The application of this technical solution can continuously deploy monitoring points such as bridge pile foundations, bridge heads, and transition sections, set up light sensors, and set up data acquisition instruments at the foot of the roadbed slope. Combined with the indium steel ruler benchmark piles set nearby, a distributed multi-benchmark pile and multi-monitoring point network can be constructed to realize automated settlement data collection and data transmission, greatly improving monitoring efficiency and reducing a lot of manpower, material and financial resources, with significant economic benefits.

[0020] The laser transmitter 8 and the photoelectric converter 9 are set up on the road shoulder through the base plate, the fixing bolts and the fixing bracket. The laser emitted by the laser transmitter 8 is set directly to the indium steel ruler 1.

[0021] The laser emitter 8 and the data acquisition device 5 are both provided with protective boxes outside.

[0022] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential features of the invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered exemplary and non-limiting in all respects, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description, and it is intended that all variations falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims be included in the invention. Any reference numeral in a claim should not be considered as limiting the claim to which it relates.

[0023] In addition, it should be understood that although the present specification is described according to implementation modes, not every implementation mode contains only one independent technical solution. This description of the specification is only for the sake of clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole. The technical solutions in each embodiment may also be appropriately combined to form other implementation modes that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. An automated settlement monitoring method for railway subgrade in permafrost regions, used to monitor the settlement changes of structures in permafrost regions, such as railway shoulders, bridge pile foundations, culvert foundations, etc., and its characteristics include the following: S1: Determine the benchmark points that need to be monitored according to the actual situation, including but not limited to the transition sections such as bridgehead roadbed and culvert roadbed, construct distributed multi-benchmark piles, establish a multi-monitoring point network, and improve the comprehensiveness and accuracy of monitoring; S2: Build a benchmark pile at each benchmark point that needs to be monitored, and set a pier foundation and an indium steel ruler on the benchmark pile; if it is a neighboring monitoring point, you can also use one benchmark pile and multiple photoelectric transmitters to achieve automatic monitoring of multiple measuring points; S3: When monitoring the settlement of a railway shoulder, a laser transmitter can be set on the shoulder, aimed at the indium steel ruler, and the sinking of the measuring point can be automatically monitored using the laser transmitter, and the monitoring data can be transmitted to the data acquisition instrument; S4: In order to reduce the excessive area occupied by the shoulder, consider the railway driving and personal safety, and facilitate the convenience of later manual maintenance, the data acquisition instrument and wireless transmission system are set up at the bottom of the shoulder slope, and the data is transmitted to the background server through the wireless transmission system; S5: After the data enters the backend server, it is converted into settlement values ​​through an algorithm, and the settlement values ​​at each benchmark point are directly displayed on the server screen. The annual settlement value and the total settlement value are set according to the existing standards or specifications. Once the set range is exceeded, the backend server will issue an alarm. According to the actual situation of each benchmark point, the geological characteristics of the permafrost area of ​​each benchmark point are classified, and the settlement changes at the monitoring points are analyzed through records of previous years, and the controllable settlement change range of the monitoring points is accurately set. The specific situations include the following three: (1) If the annual settlement change rate of the monitoring point is greater than the value specified in the specification, human intervention is required to conduct a detailed analysis of the benchmark area where the degradation situation is uncontrollable; (2) The settlement change rate of the monitoring point is within the allowable range of the specification. Use the remote camera to check whether the photoelectric transmitter at the monitoring point has been disturbed or damaged. If there is no abnormality, it means that the monitoring point is in a stable state; (3) If the monitoring information is lost, maintenance personnel will need to be dispatched to the area where the data is lost to perform device maintenance.

2. The method for monitoring the automatic settlement of railway subgrade in permafrost regions according to claim 1, characterized in that: A protective bracket is also set up around the indium steel ruler.

3. The method for monitoring the automatic settlement of railway subgrade in permafrost regions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data acquisition instrument and the wireless transmission system are also provided with solar panels, and the data acquisition instrument is installed in a protection box.

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