Method and equipment for researching influence of plateau permafrost region temperature change on plant traits

Abstract

The invention discloses a method and equipment for researching influence of plateau permafrost region temperature change on plant traits, and relates to the technical field of plateau permafrost environment research, and the method comprises the following steps: S1, obtaining permafrost data, selecting an experiment region, and collecting permafrost environment related data of the experiment region, collecting plant community coverage, height and aboveground biomass data; s2, acquiring vegetation change conditions in the experimental area, and performing comparative investigation on dominant species plants, plant community coverage, height and aboveground biomass to obtain comparative investigation data; according to the method and the equipment for researching the influence of the temperature change of the plateau permafrost region on the plant traits, the correlation model of the local vegetation change of the roadbed and the hydrothermal change of the roadbed body is constructed by acquiring the influence data of the temperature change on the ecological system function, and then permafrost treatment can be performed according to the model.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of plateau permafrost environment research, and in particular to a method and equipment for studying the influence of temperature changes in plateau permafrost areas on plant traits. Background Art

[0002] my country is one of the countries with the largest distribution of permafrost in the world, with the distribution area of ​​permafrost accounting for 21.5% of the country's land area. Due to the existence of underground ice, permafrost is extremely sensitive to temperature changes. Under the dual influence of climate warming and engineering activities, high-temperature and high-ice-content permafrost is very likely to melt and produce thaw-sinking deformation. The design concept of active cooling roadbed is often adopted in permafrost areas. By regulating heat exchange mechanisms such as radiation, convection and conduction, the purpose of cooling the roadbed and reducing the temperature of permafrost is achieved. Plants can respond to environmental changes by adjusting growth strategies and changing the relationship between functional traits. Exploring the changes in plant functional traits provides an important perspective for understanding the relationship between ecosystem functions and environmental changes. The relationship between local vegetation changes in the roadbed and water and heat changes in the roadbed is studied in order to carry out permafrost management. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a method and equipment for studying the impact of temperature changes on plant traits in plateau permafrost regions, which solves the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0004] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention is implemented by the following technical scheme: a method and equipment for studying the influence of temperature change on plant traits in plateau permafrost areas, comprising the following steps:

[0005] S1: Obtain permafrost data, select the area for the experiment, collect relevant data on the permafrost environment in the experimental area, and collect data on plant community coverage, height and aboveground biomass;

[0006] S2: Obtain the vegetation changes in the experimental area, conduct comparative surveys on dominant plant species, plant community coverage, height and aboveground biomass, and obtain comparative survey data;

[0007] S3: Obtain air temperature and soil temperature and humidity data from the collected data, and analyze the impact of temperature changes on soil water and heat changes in frozen soil areas based on the collected data;

[0008] S4: Obtain the trait data of dominant plants from historical data, analyze the relationship between the traits of dominant plants and changes in temperature, soil water and heat, and obtain analysis results;

[0009] S5: Obtain plant functional trait data from the collected data, study the changes in plant functional traits, and analyze the impact of temperature changes in permafrost areas on plant community composition and ecosystem functions through the results of plant functional trait changes;

[0010] S6: Obtain the local temperature data of the roadbed in the construction area during the construction and operation of highway projects in the plateau permafrost region in the past. Based on the acquired data, build a model for the impact of the construction and operation of highway projects in the plateau permafrost region on the local temperature changes of the roadbed, and analyze the impact of local temperature changes on plant traits.

[0011] S7: Obtain data on the impact of temperature changes on ecosystem functions from S5, and construct a correlation model between local vegetation changes on the roadbed and water and heat changes on the roadbed.

[0012] Optionally, S6: obtaining local temperature data of the roadbed in the construction area during the construction and operation of highway projects in plateau permafrost areas in the past, constructing a model for the impact of the construction and operation of highway projects in plateau permafrost areas on local temperature changes of the roadbed based on the acquired data, and analyzing the impact of local temperature changes on plant traits in the step of evaluating the constructed model for the impact of the construction and operation of highway projects in plateau permafrost areas on local temperature changes of the roadbed using historical data as a reference.

[0013] Optionally, S7: obtaining data on the impact of temperature changes on ecosystem functions from S5, constructing a correlation model between local vegetation changes in the roadbed and the water and heat changes in the roadbed body, evaluating the correlation model between local vegetation changes in the roadbed and the water and heat changes in the roadbed body, using historical data as a reference, and optimizing the correlation model between local vegetation changes in the roadbed and the water and heat changes in the roadbed body based on the evaluation results. The evaluation can be carried out using an expert evaluation method.

[0014] Optionally, S3: obtaining air temperature and soil temperature and humidity data from the collected data, and analyzing the impact of air temperature changes on soil water and heat changes in permafrost areas based on the collected data. It is necessary to monitor the soil water and heat changes in permafrost areas through monitoring equipment. When installing the monitoring equipment, it is necessary to drill holes in the permafrost roadbed to install the monitoring equipment.

[0015] Optionally, the detection equipment includes a soil boring machine, a soil drilling frame is installed on the top of the soil boring machine, a drilling mechanism that can move up and down is installed on one side of the soil drilling frame, a telescopic cylinder is fixedly connected to one side of the soil drilling frame, a first liquid bag is fixedly connected to the top of the inner cavity of the telescopic cylinder, a first push block is fixedly connected to the bottom of the first liquid bag, a telescopic column is fixedly connected to the bottom of the first push block, and the bottom end of the first push block is fixedly connected to the telescopic column, and the bottom end of the telescopic column extends to the bottom of the telescopic cylinder and is fixedly connected to a connecting box, one end of the connecting box is fixedly connected to an earth guide cylinder, a return spring is sleeved on the inner cavity of the telescopic cylinder and on the outside of the telescopic column, an entry and exit groove is provided inside the earth guide cylinder and on the outside of the bottom end of the drilling mechanism, a second annular cavity is provided inside the earth guide cylinder and on the outside of the entry and exit groove, a second inner gear ring is slidably connected to the inside of the second annular cavity, a plurality of connecting arms are fixedly connected to one side of the second inner gear ring, and one end of the connecting arm extends to the outside of the earth guide cylinder and is fixedly connected to a blade.

[0016] Optionally, the top end of the return spring is connected to the bottom of the first push block, and the bottom end of the return spring is connected to the bottom of the inner cavity of the telescopic cylinder. A support seat is fixedly connected to one side of the soil boring machine, and a side plate is fixedly connected to the top of the soil boring machine. A rod is inserted into the inside of the support seat, and the bottom end of the rod extends to the bottom of the support seat, and the top end of the rod extends to the top of the support seat and is fixedly connected to a top box. A second liquid bag is fixedly connected to the top of the support seat and located on the outside of the rod, and the top of the second liquid bag is connected to the bottom of the top box. A pipe is fixedly connected to the inside of the support seat, and one end of the pipe extends to the inside of the second liquid bag, and the other end of the pipe extends to the inside of the first liquid bag.

[0017] Optionally, a support spring is fixedly connected to the bottom of the inner cavity of the top box, a hook block is fixedly connected to the top of the support spring, both sides of the hook block are slidably connected to the inside of the top box, a sliding cover is placed on the top of the top box, two guide grooves are provided at the bottom of the sliding cover, limiting blocks are slidably connected inside the guide grooves, the bottom ends of the limiting blocks are fixedly connected to the top of the top box, and a top groove is provided on the top of the sliding cover, and the top groove matches the position of the hook block.

[0018] Optionally, a positioning groove is provided on one side of the side plate, one end of the sliding cover extends into the positioning groove, a first driving groove is provided on one end of the sliding cover, a first rack is fixedly connected to one side of the inner cavity of the first driving groove, a second driving groove is provided inside the side plate, a transmission rod is rotatably connected to the bottom of the inner cavity of the second driving groove, the top of the transmission rod extends into the positioning groove and into the first driving groove and is fixedly sleeved with a first transmission gear matching the first rack, a worm is rotatably connected to the bottom of the inner cavity of the second driving groove and located on the right side of the transmission rod, and a first pulley connected via a belt drive is sleeved on the outer side of the worm and the transmission rod.

[0019] Optionally, a driving chamber is provided inside the soil boring machine, a threaded rod is rotatably connected inside the driving chamber, the bottom end of the worm extends into the driving chamber and is rotatably connected to the bottom of the inner cavity of the driving chamber, a worm wheel is fixedly sleeved on the outer side of the threaded rod and is transmission-connected to the worm, a slider is threadedly connected to the outer side of the threaded rod, and one end of the slider is fixedly connected to a second rack, a penetration groove is provided on one side of the connecting box, one end of the second rack passes through the penetration groove and extends into the interior of the connecting box, a driving shaft is rotatably connected to the bottom of the inner cavity of the connecting box, a fourth transmission gear matching the second rack is fixedly sleeved on the outer side of the driving shaft, a connecting rod is rotatably connected to the bottom of the inner cavity of the connecting box, a one-way bearing is sleeved on the outer side of the driving shaft, and a second pulley connected by belt drive is sleeved on the one-way bearing and the outer side of the connecting rod, a connecting shaft is rotatably connected to the bottom of the inner cavity of the connecting box, and a meshing driving gear is sleeved on the connecting shaft and the outer side of the connecting rod, and the diameter of the driving gear arranged on the outer side of the connecting rod is larger than the connecting shaft The transmission gear of the present invention is a gear selected from the group consisting of a first gear and a second gear selected from the group consisting of a first gear and a second gear selected from the group consisting of a first gear and a second gear selected from the group consisting of a first gear and a second gear selected from the group consisting of a first gear and a second gear selected from the group consisting of a first gear and a second gear selected from the group consisting of a first gear and a second gear selected from the group consisting of a first gear and a second gear selected from the group consisting of a first gear and a second gear selected from the group consisting of a

[0020] Optionally, a discharge port is provided at the bottom of the material receiving sleeve, a fixing frame is fixedly connected to the top of the inner cavity of the connecting box, one end of the fixing frame is fixedly connected to a first water bag, one side of the first water bag is fixedly connected to a liquid pipe, one end of the liquid pipe passes through a soil guide cylinder and extends to the outside of the soil guide cylinder, one side of the soil guide cylinder is fixedly connected to a first mounting platform, a first winding roller is rotatably connected inside the first mounting platform, a second mounting platform is placed on one side of the first mounting platform, a second winding roller is rotatably connected inside the second mounting platform, a conveyor belt is wound around the outside of the first winding roller, one end of the conveyor belt is connected to the outside of the second winding roller, a first fixing block is fixedly connected to one side of the first mounting platform, a leg is fixedly connected to one side of the leg, and the first The bottom of the fixed block is fixedly connected to a fixed box, and a moving block is slidably connected to the fixed box. The top of the moving block is fixedly connected to a plug, and one end of the plug passes through the first fixed block and is inserted into the second fixed block. The bottom of the inner cavity of the fixed box is fixedly connected to a fixed spring, one end of the fixed spring is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the moving block, and the top of the inner cavity of the fixed box and a side of the plug are fixedly connected to a second water bag, one end of the second water bag is connected to the top of the moving block, and one end of the liquid pipe extends to the inside of the second water bag, and one side of the first mounting platform is fixedly connected to a first driving motor, and the output end of the first driving motor is fixedly connected to one end of the first winding roller, and one side of the second mounting platform is fixedly connected to a second driving motor, and the output end of the second driving motor is fixedly connected to one end of the second winding roller.

[0021] The present invention provides a method and device for studying the influence of temperature change on plant traits in plateau permafrost regions, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0022] 1. The research method and equipment of the influence of temperature change on plant traits in the plateau permafrost zone. By obtaining data on the influence of temperature change on ecosystem functions, a correlation model between local vegetation change of roadbed and water and heat change of roadbed body is constructed, and then the permafrost management can be carried out according to this model. By providing a plug rod, a soil guide tube and blades, when used in this device, the position of the device can be fixed by the plug rod. When the plug rod is used for fixing, the soil guide tube can be driven to enter the working state and contact the ground, and the loose soil in the drilling area outside the soil guide tube can be pushed to a position away from the soil guide tube, so as to prevent the loose soil around the borehole from falling into the borehole after the drilling is completed.

[0023] 2. The drilling device for civil engineering construction is provided with a retaining ring, a second push block and a material receiving sleeve. When the drilling mechanism is used to drill a hole, the drilling mechanism passes through the entry and exit slots and drills into the soil. Then, the soil drilled out by the drilling mechanism falls into the annular collecting chamber. At the same time, the output end of the first servo motor drives the second transmission gear to rotate, so that the second transmission gear drives the first inner gear ring to move circumferentially along the inside of the first annular chamber, so that the first inner gear ring drives the retaining ring to move circumferentially on the top of the material receiving sleeve through the connecting piece, so that the retaining ring drives the two second push blocks to move along the inside of the annular collecting chamber, and pushes the soil collected in the inner cavity of the annular collecting chamber to the discharge port. The soil falls into the inside of the pipe through the discharge port, and is guided by the pipe to a position far away from the soil guide cylinder and falls on the ground, so as to prevent the drilled soil around the borehole from falling into the borehole after the drilling is completed. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 It is a partial structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the sliding cover of the present invention from a side view;

[0027] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the top view of the soil drilling frame of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the top view of the soil guide tube and blades of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 6 For the present invention Figure 2 A magnified image of point A;

[0030] Figure 7 For the present invention Figure 1 A magnified view of point B;

[0031] Figure 8 For the present invention Figure 1 Enlarged view of point C;

[0032] Fig. 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the sliding cover of the present invention being located inside the positioning groove;

[0033] Fig.10 For the present invention Figure 1 The enlarged view of point D;

[0034] Fig.11 This is a schematic diagram of the outer structure of the first mounting platform of the present invention;

[0035] Fig.12 This is a schematic diagram of the outer structure of the second mounting platform of the present invention;

[0036] Fig.13 The figure is a flow chart of the research method of the present invention.

[0037] In the figure: 1, soil boring machine; 2, soil drilling frame; 3, top groove; 4, drilling mechanism; 5, side plate; 6, support seat; 7, telescopic cylinder; 8, first liquid capsule; 9, first push block; 10, reset spring; 11, connecting box; 12, soil guide cylinder; 13, plug rod; 14, top box; 15, support spring; 16, hook block; 17, slide cover; 18, limit block; 19, guide groove; 20, first drive groove; 21, second liquid capsule; 22, positioning groove; 23, first rack; 24, first transmission gear; 25, second drive groove; 26, worm; 27, first pulley; 28, drive cavity; 29, threaded rod; 30, worm wheel; 32, pipeline; 33, second push block; 34, first servo motor; 35, second transmission gear; 36, first annular cavity; 37, first inner gear ring; 38, retaining ring ; 39, second inner gear ring; 40, third transmission gear; 41, second rack; 42, drive shaft; 43, second pulley; 44, fourth transmission gear; 45, one-way bearing; 46, connecting rod; 47, drive gear; 48, connecting shaft; 49, second annular cavity; 50, rotating rod; 51, third pulley; 52, material receiving sleeve; 53, blade; 54, transmission rod; 55, fixed frame; 56, first water bag; 57, liquid pipe; 58, first mounting platform; 59, first winding roller; 60, second mounting platform; 61, second winding roller; 62, first drive motor; 63, second drive motor; 64, conveyor belt; 65, fixed box; 66, fixed spring; 67, moving block; 68, plug; 69, second water bag; 70, first fixed block; 71, second fixed block; 72, support leg. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments.

[0039] Embodiment 1

[0040] See also Fig.13 The present invention provides a technical solution: a method and device for studying the influence of temperature change on plant traits in plateau permafrost regions, comprising the following steps:

[0041] S1: Obtain permafrost data, select the area for the experiment, collect permafrost environment data in the experimental area, and collect data on plant community coverage, height and aboveground biomass;

[0042] S2: Obtain the vegetation changes in the experimental area, conduct comparative surveys on dominant plant species, plant community coverage, height and aboveground biomass, and obtain comparative survey data;

[0043] S3: Obtain air temperature and soil temperature and humidity data from the collected data, and analyze the impact of temperature changes on soil water and heat changes in frozen soil areas based on the collected data;

[0044] S4: Obtain the trait data of dominant plants from historical data, analyze the relationship between the traits of dominant plants and changes in temperature, soil water and heat, and obtain analysis results;

[0045] S5: Obtain plant functional trait data from the collected data, study the changes in plant functional traits, and analyze the impact of temperature changes in permafrost areas on plant community composition and ecosystem functions through the results of plant functional trait changes;

[0046] S6: Obtain the local temperature data of the roadbed in the construction area during the construction and operation of highway projects in the plateau permafrost region in the past. Based on the acquired data, build a model for the impact of the construction and operation of highway projects in the plateau permafrost region on the local temperature changes of the roadbed, and analyze the impact of local temperature changes on plant traits.

[0047] S7: Obtain data on the impact of temperature changes on ecosystem functions from S5, and construct a correlation model between local vegetation changes on the roadbed and water and heat changes on the roadbed.

[0048] Among them, S6: obtaining the local temperature data of the roadbed in the construction area during the construction and operation of highway projects in the plateau permafrost zone in the past, constructing a model of the impact of the construction and operation of highway projects in the plateau permafrost zone on the local temperature changes of the roadbed based on the acquired data, and analyzing the impact of local temperature changes on plant traits. In the step of analyzing the impact of local temperature changes on plant traits, the constructed model of the impact of the construction and operation of highway projects in the plateau permafrost zone on the local temperature changes of the roadbed is evaluated using historical data as a reference.

[0049] Among them, S7: obtains the data on the impact of temperature changes on ecosystem functions from S5, and constructs a correlation model between local vegetation changes in the roadbed and water and heat changes in the roadbed. The correlation model between local vegetation changes in the roadbed and water and heat changes in the roadbed is evaluated using historical data as a reference. According to the evaluation results, the correlation model between local vegetation changes in the roadbed and water and heat changes in the roadbed is optimized. The evaluation can be carried out using an expert evaluation method.

[0050] Embodiment 2

[0051] See also Figures 1 to 13The present invention provides a technical solution: S3: Acquire air temperature and soil temperature and humidity data from the collected data, and analyze the influence of air temperature changes on soil water and heat changes in the frozen soil area according to the collected data. It is necessary to monitor the soil water and heat changes in the frozen soil area through monitoring equipment. When installing the monitoring equipment, it is necessary to drill holes in the frozen soil roadbed to install the monitoring equipment. The detection equipment includes a soil boring machine 1, a soil drilling frame 2 is installed on the top of the soil boring machine 1, a drilling mechanism 4 that can move up and down is installed on one side of the soil drilling frame 2, a telescopic cylinder 7 is fixedly connected to one side of the soil drilling frame 2, a first liquid capsule 8 is fixedly connected to the top of the inner cavity of the telescopic cylinder 7, and the bottom of the first liquid capsule 8 is fixedly connected A first push block 9 is connected, the bottom end of the first push block 9 is fixedly connected to a telescopic column, and the bottom end of the telescopic column extends to the bottom of the telescopic cylinder 7 and is fixedly connected to a connecting box 11, one end of the connecting box 11 is fixedly connected to an earth guide cylinder 12, a return spring 10 is sleeved on the inner cavity of the telescopic cylinder 7 and on the outer side of the telescopic column, an entry and exit groove is provided inside the earth guide cylinder 12 and on the outer side of the bottom end of the drilling mechanism 4, a second annular cavity 49 is provided inside the earth guide cylinder 12 and on the outer side of the entry and exit groove, a second inner gear ring 39 is slidably connected inside the second annular cavity 49, a plurality of connecting arms are fixedly connected to one side of the second inner gear ring 39, and one end of the connecting arm extends to the outer side of the earth guide cylinder 12 and is fixedly connected to a blade 53.

[0052] Among them, the top end of the return spring 10 is connected to the bottom of the first push block 9, and the bottom end of the return spring 10 is connected to the bottom of the inner cavity of the telescopic cylinder 7. One side of the soil boring machine 1 is fixedly connected to the support seat 6, and the top of the soil boring machine 1 is fixedly connected to the side plate 5. The inside of the support seat 6 is inserted with a plug rod 13, and the bottom end of the plug rod 13 extends to the bottom of the support seat 6. The top of the plug rod 13 extends to the top of the support seat 6 and is fixedly connected to the top box 14. The top of the support seat 6 and the outside of the plug rod 13 are fixedly connected with a second liquid capsule 21. The top of the second liquid capsule 21 is connected to the bottom of the top box 14. The inside of the support seat 6 is fixedly connected with a pipe 32, and one end of the pipe 32 extends To the inside of the second liquid capsule 21, the other end of the pipeline 32 extends to the inside of the first liquid capsule 8. Through the retractable hook block 16, when inserting the insertion rod 13 into the soil, the user can use his hand to support the top box 14 or step on the top box 14 with his feet to push the top box 14 and the insertion rod 13 downward, so that the insertion rod 13 is inserted into the soil, and the device is limited without hurting the feet or hands. When it is necessary to pull up the insertion rod 13, because the top end of the hook block 16 passes through the top groove 3 and is exposed to the top of the sliding cover 17, it is convenient for the user to hook the hook block 16 with his hand to pull up the top box 14, so that the top box 14 drives the insertion rod 13 to be pulled out of the soil, so as to release the fixation of the device and facilitate the movement of the device.

[0053] Among them, a support spring 15 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the inner cavity of the top box 14, and a hook block 16 is fixedly connected to the top of the support spring 15. Both sides of the hook block 16 are slidably connected to the inside of the top box 14. A sliding cover 17 is placed on the top of the top box 14. Two guide grooves 19 are provided at the bottom of the sliding cover 17. Limiting blocks 18 are slidably connected inside the guide grooves 19. The bottom ends of the limiting blocks 18 are fixedly connected to the top of the top box 14. A top groove 3 is provided on the top of the sliding cover 17. The top groove 3 matches the position of the hook block 16, so that the hook block 16 can pass through the top groove 3 and be exposed above the sliding cover 17.

[0054] Among them, a positioning groove 22 is opened on one side of the side plate 5, one end of the sliding cover 17 extends into the positioning groove 22, a first driving groove 20 is opened on one end of the sliding cover 17, one side of the inner cavity of the first driving groove 20 is fixedly connected with a first rack 23, a second driving groove 25 is opened inside the side plate 5, and a transmission rod 54 is rotatably connected to the bottom of the inner cavity of the second driving groove 25, the top end of the transmission rod 54 extends into the interior of the positioning groove 22 and extends into the interior of the first driving groove 20 and is fixedly sleeved with a first transmission gear 24 matching the first rack 23, a worm 26 is rotatably connected to the bottom of the inner cavity of the second driving groove 25 and located on the right side of the transmission rod 54, and the outer sides of the worm 26 and the transmission rod 54 are both sleeved with a first pulley 27 connected by belt drive, which can push the sliding cover 17 to be inserted into the interior of the positioning groove 22, limit the positions of the top box 14 and the insertion rod 13, and at the same time, can drive the blade 53 to rotate, so as to push the floating soil near the soil guide cylinder 12 to the position away from the soil guide cylinder 12.

[0055] Among them, a driving chamber 28 is provided inside the soil boring machine 1, and a threaded rod 29 is rotatably connected inside the driving chamber 28. The bottom end of the worm 26 extends into the driving chamber 28 and is rotatably connected to the bottom of the inner cavity of the driving chamber 28. The outer fixed sleeve of the threaded rod 29 is provided with a worm wheel 30 that is transmission-connected to the worm 26. The outer thread of the threaded rod 29 is threadedly connected to a slider, and one end of the slider is fixedly connected to a second rack 41. A penetration groove is provided on one side of the connecting box 11, and one end of the second rack 41 passes through the penetration groove and extends to the inside of the connecting box 11. The bottom of the inner cavity of the connecting box 11 is rotatably connected to a driving shaft 42, and the outer fixed sleeve of the driving shaft 42 is provided with a second rack 41 that is transmission-connected to the second rack 41. A fourth transmission gear 44 matches the second rack 41, and a connecting rod 46 is rotatably connected to the bottom of the inner cavity of the connecting box 11. A one-way bearing 45 is sleeved on the outer side of the drive shaft 42, and the outer sides of the one-way bearing 45 and the connecting rod 46 are sleeved with a second pulley 43 connected by belt transmission. A connecting shaft 48 is rotatably connected to the bottom of the inner cavity of the connecting box 11, and the outer sides of the connecting shaft 48 and the connecting rod 46 are sleeved with meshing driving gears 47. The diameter of the driving gear 47 arranged on the outer side of the connecting rod 46 is larger than the diameter of the driving gear 47 arranged on the outer side of the connecting shaft 48, so that the blades 53 can be driven to rotate around the soil guide cylinder 12 through a larger transmission ratio.

[0056] Among them, the top of the inner cavity of the second annular cavity 49 is rotatably connected with a rotating rod 50, and the outer sides of the rotating rod 50 and the connecting shaft 48 are fixedly sleeved with a third pulley 51, and the outer side of the rotating rod 50 is fixedly sleeved with a third transmission gear 40. The third transmission gear 40 cooperates with the second inner gear ring 39 and can drive the second inner gear ring 39 to rotate through the connecting arm to drive the blade 53.

[0057] Embodiment 2

[0058] See also Figure 1 and Figure 7 The present invention provides a technical solution: a material receiving sleeve 52 is fixedly sleeved on the outer side of the top of the soil guide cylinder 12, an annular collecting chamber is opened inside the material receiving sleeve 52, and two second push blocks 33 are slidably connected to the inner cavity of the annular collecting chamber, a retaining ring 38 is fixedly connected to the top of the two second push blocks 33 and located above the material receiving sleeve 52, a first annular chamber 36 is opened inside the material receiving sleeve 52 and located on the outer side of the annular collecting chamber, a first inner gear ring 37 is slidably connected inside the first annular chamber 36, a first servo motor 34 is fixedly connected to the top of the inner cavity of the first annular chamber 36, a second transmission gear 35 is fixedly sleeved on the output end of the first servo motor 34, the second transmission gear 35 cooperates with the first inner gear ring 37, a plurality of connecting pieces are fixedly connected to the outer side of the first inner gear ring 37, and one end of the connecting piece extends to the top of the material receiving sleeve 52 and is fixedly connected to the outer side of the retaining ring 38, so as to collect the soil generated when the drilling mechanism 4 is drilling.

[0059] Among them, a discharge port is opened at the bottom of the material receiving sleeve 52, a fixing frame 55 is fixedly connected to the top of the inner cavity of the connecting box 11, one end of the fixing frame 55 is fixedly connected to the first water bag 56, one side of the first water bag 56 is fixedly connected to a liquid pipe 57, one end of the liquid pipe 57 passes through the soil guide cylinder 12 and extends to the outside of the soil guide cylinder 12, one side of the soil guide cylinder 12 is fixedly connected to a first mounting platform 58, the first mounting platform 58 is internally rotatably connected to a first winding roller 59, a second mounting platform 60 is placed on one side of the first mounting platform 58, the second mounting platform 60 is internally rotatably connected to a second winding roller 61, a conveyor belt 64 is wound around the outside of the first winding roller 59, one end of the conveyor belt 64 is connected to the outside of the second winding roller 61, and one side of the first mounting platform 58 is fixed A first fixed block 70 is connected, a leg 72 is fixedly connected to one side of the second mounting platform 60, a second fixed block 71 is fixedly connected to one side of the leg 72, a fixed box 65 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the first fixed block 70, a moving block 67 is slidably connected inside the fixed box 65, a plug 68 is fixedly connected to the top of the moving block 67, one end of the plug 68 passes through the first fixed block 70 and is inserted into the second fixed block 71, a fixed spring 66 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the inner cavity of the fixed box 65, one end of the fixed spring 66 is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the moving block 67, a second water bag 69 is fixedly connected to the top of the inner cavity of the fixed box 65 and located on one side of the plug 68, one end of the second water bag 69 is connected to the top of the moving block 67, and one end of the liquid pipe 57 extends To the inside of the second water bag 69, a first drive motor 62 is fixedly connected to one side of the first mounting platform 58, and the output end of the first drive motor 62 is fixedly connected to one end of the first winding roller 59, and a second drive motor 63 is fixedly connected to one side of the second mounting platform 60, and the output end of the second drive motor 63 is fixedly connected to one end of the second winding roller 61. When the second rack 41 moves toward the inside of the connection box 11, the second rack 41 squeezes the first water bag 56, so that the liquid inside the first water bag 56 enters the inside of the second water bag 69 through the liquid pipe 57, so that the second water bag 69 expands and pushes the moving block 67 to drive the plug 68 to move downward, so that one end of the plug 68 moves out of the second fixed block 71 and the first fixed block 70, and then the operator can move the first fixed block 71 and the first fixed block 70. The second mounting platform 60, at this time, the output end of the first driving motor 62 drives the first winding roller 59 to rotate, so that the conveyor belt 64 is released, and then the second mounting platform 60 is placed at a position away from the present device, and then the conveyor belt 64 is dropped onto the surface of the conveyor belt 64 through the discharge port, and then the output end of the second driving motor 63 drives the second winding roller 61 to rotate, and the conveyor belt 64 is wound by the second winding roller 61, and at the same time, the output end of the first driving motor 62 drives the first winding roller 59 to rotate, so that the conveyor belt 64 wound on the outside of the first winding roller 59 is released, thereby driving the soil to move, and when the soil moves to one side of the second winding roller 61, the soil falls to the ground, and when the present device is not needed, the second mounting platform 60 is moved toward the direction of the first mounting platform 58,The second fixing block 71 is inserted into the first fixing block 70, and then when the second rack 41 moves out of the connection box 11, the fixing spring 66 pushes the moving block 67 and the plug 68 upward, so that the moving block 67 discharges the liquid in the second water bag 69 into the liquid pipe 57, so that one end of the plug 68 passes through the first fixing block 70 and is inserted into the second fixing block 71, fixing the first mounting platform 58 and the leg 72, and the liquid enters the first water bag 56 through the liquid pipe 57, so that the first water bag 56 is reset.

[0060] In summary, when the drilling device for civil engineering construction is used, the device is pushed to the position on the ground where a hole needs to be drilled, and then the operator steps on the sliding cover 17. At this time, the operator's foot pushes the hook block 16 downward, so that the operator's foot steps on the sliding cover 17 to move downward, so that the sliding cover 17 pushes the top box 14 and the insertion rod 13 downward, so that the insertion rod 13 is inserted into the ground. At this time, the top box 14 moves downward, squeezing the second liquid capsule 21, so that the liquid inside the second liquid capsule 21 enters the first liquid capsule 8 through the pipeline 32, so that the first liquid capsule 8 expands, and the first liquid capsule 8 pushes the first push block 9 and the telescopic rod downward. The telescopic rod pushes the soil guide cylinder 12 to contact the ground, and then the operator pushes the slide cover 17 to move, so that the slide cover 17 is guided in the guide groove 19 by the limit block 18, so that one end of the slide cover 17 is inserted into the positioning groove 22. At this time, the first transmission gear 24 contacts the first rack 23, so that the first rack 23 drives the first transmission gear 24 to rotate, so that the first transmission gear 24 drives the first pulley 27 to rotate through the transmission rod 54, thereby driving the worm 26 to rotate through the first pulley 27, so that the worm 26 drives the threaded rod 29 to rotate through the worm wheel 30, so that the threaded rod 29 drives The second rack 41 is driven to move, so that the second rack 41 passes through the insertion groove and enters the interior of the connecting box 11. At this time, the second rack 41 drives the fourth transmission gear 44 to rotate, so that the fourth transmission gear 44 can drive the second pulley 43 to drive the connecting rod 46 to rotate through the one-way bearing 45, so that the connecting rod 46 drives the large driving gear 47 to rotate, and the small driving gear 47 drives the connecting shaft 48 to rotate through the large driving gear 47, and then drives the rotating rod 50 to rotate through the connecting shaft 48 and the third pulley 51, so that the rotating rod 50 drives the third transmission gear 40 to rotate, and then through the third transmission The gear 40 drives the second inner gear ring 39 to move in a circle along the inside of the second annular cavity 49, so that the second inner gear ring 39 quickly drives the blade 53 to rotate around the outer side of the soil guide cylinder 12 through the connecting arm, so that the loose soil or gravel near the drilling surface is pushed to a position away from the soil guide cylinder 12 through the blade 53. When the sliding cover 17 moves to the specified position, the blade 53 stops rotating, and the sliding cover 17 is inserted into the positioning groove 22 to limit the top box 14, so as to prevent the oil in the first liquid bag 8 from being re-discharged into the second liquid bag 21 through the pipeline 32, causing the soil guide cylinder 12 to move;

[0061] When the drilling mechanism 4 is used to drill a hole, the drilling mechanism 4 passes through the entry and exit slots and drills into the soil, and then the soil drilled by the drilling mechanism 4 falls into the annular collecting chamber. At the same time, the output end of the first servo motor 34 drives the second transmission gear 35 to rotate, so that the second transmission gear 35 drives the first inner gear ring 37 to move circumferentially along the inside of the first annular chamber 36, so that the first inner gear ring 37 drives the retaining ring 38 to move circumferentially on the top of the receiving sleeve 52 through the connecting piece, so that the retaining ring 38 drives the two second push blocks 33 to move along the inside of the annular collecting chamber, and pushes the soil collected in the inner cavity of the annular collecting chamber to the discharge port. The soil falls into the inside of the pipe 32 through the discharge port, and is guided to a position away from the soil guide cylinder 12 by the pipe 32 and falls on the ground;

[0062] After the drilling is completed, the drilling mechanism 4 moves up to the initial position, and then the staff presses the hook block 16 to make the hook block 16 move into the top box 14, and then pulls out the sliding cover 17 from the positioning groove 22, so that the sliding cover 17 drives the first rack 23 to move out from the positioning groove 22. At this time, the first rack 23 can drive the worm 26 to rotate through the first transmission gear 24, and then drive the threaded rod 29 to reset and rotate through the worm 26, so that the threaded rod 29 drives the second rack 41 to reset and move, so that the second rack 41 drives the fourth transmission gear 44 to reset and rotate, but the fourth transmission gear 44 cannot drive the second pulley 43 to rotate through the one-way bearing 45, and then cannot drive the driving gear 47 to drive the rotating rod 50, the second inner gear ring 39, the connecting arm and the blade 53 to rotate. When the sliding cover 17 moves out of the positioning groove 22, the second rack 41 passes through the penetration groove and moves to the inside of the driving cavity 28, and then moves the sliding cover 17 To the top of the top box 14, at this time, the support spring 15 pushes the hook block 16 to pass through the top groove 3 and extend to the top of the slide cover 17. At this time, the operator pulls up the top box 14 and the insertion rod 13 by pulling the hook block 16, and then pulls the insertion rod 13 out of the soil. At this time, the second liquid capsule 21 is released, so that the reset spring 10 pushes the first push block 9 to move up, so that the first push block 9 drives the soil guide cylinder 12 to move up through the telescopic rod, so that the liquid inside the first liquid capsule 8 can be re-absorbed into the second liquid capsule 21 through the pipe 32. When the insertion rod 13 moves to the specified position, the soil guide cylinder 12 and the material connecting sleeve 52 move to the specified position. When the device moves, the position of the top box 14 and the insertion rod 13 is supported by the expanded second liquid capsule 21, so as to push the device to move, and the frozen soil roadbed monitoring equipment is installed at the drilling position to monitor the soil temperature and humidity conditions, obtain data, and study the impact of temperature changes on plant traits in plateau frozen soil areas.

[0063] The above description is only a preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can make equivalent replacements or changes according to the technical scheme and inventive concept of the present invention within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method and device for studying the effect of temperature change on plant traits in plateau permafrost regions, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: Obtain permafrost data, select the area for the experiment, collect relevant data on the permafrost environment in the experimental area, and collect data on plant community coverage, height and aboveground biomass; S2: Obtain the vegetation changes in the experimental area, conduct comparative surveys on dominant plant species, plant community coverage, height and aboveground biomass, and obtain comparative survey data; S3: Obtain air temperature and soil temperature and humidity data from the collected data, and analyze the impact of temperature changes on soil water and heat changes in frozen soil areas based on the collected data; S4: Obtain the trait data of dominant plants from historical data, analyze the relationship between the traits of dominant plants and changes in temperature, soil water and heat, and obtain analysis results; S5: Obtain plant functional trait data from the collected data, study the changes in plant functional traits, and analyze the impact of temperature changes in permafrost areas on plant community composition and ecosystem functions through the results of plant functional trait changes; S6: Obtain the local temperature data of the roadbed in the construction area during the construction and operation of highway projects in the plateau permafrost region in the past. Based on the acquired data, build a model for the impact of the construction and operation of highway projects in the plateau permafrost region on the local temperature changes of the roadbed, and analyze the impact of local temperature changes on plant traits. S7: Obtain data on the impact of temperature changes on ecosystem functions from S5, and construct a correlation model between local vegetation changes on the roadbed and water and heat changes on the roadbed.

2. The method and device for studying the influence of temperature change on plant traits in plateau frozen soil areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S6: obtaining the local temperature data of the roadbed in the construction area during the construction and operation of highway projects in plateau permafrost areas in the past, constructing a model for the impact of the construction and operation of highway projects in plateau permafrost areas on the local temperature changes of the roadbed based on the acquired data, and analyzing the impact of local temperature changes on plant traits. In the step of evaluating the constructed model for the impact of the construction and operation of highway projects in plateau permafrost areas on the local temperature changes of the roadbed, historical data are used as a reference.

3. The method and device for studying the influence of temperature change on plant traits in plateau permafrost regions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step S7: obtaining the data on the impact of temperature changes on ecosystem functions from S5, constructing a correlation model between local vegetation changes in the roadbed and the water and heat changes in the roadbed body, evaluating the correlation model between local vegetation changes in the roadbed and the water and heat changes in the roadbed body, using historical data as a reference, and optimizing the correlation model between local vegetation changes in the roadbed and the water and heat changes in the roadbed body based on the evaluation results. The evaluation can be carried out using an expert evaluation method.

4. The method and device for studying the effect of temperature change on plant traits in plateau permafrost regions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step of S3: obtaining air temperature and soil temperature and humidity data from the collected data, and analyzing the impact of air temperature changes on soil water and heat changes in the frozen soil area based on the collected data, requires monitoring the soil water and heat changes in the frozen soil area through monitoring equipment. When installing the monitoring equipment, it is necessary to drill holes in the frozen soil roadbed to install the monitoring equipment.

5. The method and device for studying the influence of temperature change on plant traits in plateau permafrost regions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The detection device comprises a soil boring machine (1), a soil boring frame (2) is installed on the top of the soil boring machine (1), a drilling mechanism (4) that can move up and down is installed on one side of the soil boring frame (2), a telescopic cylinder (7) is fixedly connected to one side of the soil boring frame (2), a first liquid capsule (8) is fixedly connected to the top of the inner cavity of the telescopic cylinder (7), a first push block (9) is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the first liquid capsule (8), a telescopic column is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the first push block (9), and the bottom end of the telescopic column extends to the bottom of the telescopic cylinder (7) and is fixedly connected to a connection box (11), the connection box (11) is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the telescopic column, and the connection box (11) is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the telescopic column. One end of the box (11) is fixedly connected to a soil guide cylinder (12); a return spring (10) is sleeved in the inner cavity of the telescopic cylinder (7) and on the outer side of the telescopic column; an entry and exit groove is provided inside the soil guide cylinder (12) and on the outer side of the bottom end of the drilling mechanism (4); a second annular cavity (49) is provided inside the soil guide cylinder (12) and on the outer side of the entry and exit groove; a second inner gear ring (39) is slidably connected inside the second annular cavity (49); a plurality of connecting arms are fixedly connected to one side of the second inner gear ring (39); one end of each connecting arm extends to the outer side of the soil guide cylinder (12) and is fixedly connected to a blade (53).

6. A method and device for studying the effect of temperature change on plant traits in plateau permafrost regions according to claim 5, characterized in that: The top end of the return spring (10) is connected to the bottom of the first push block (9), and the bottom end of the return spring (10) is connected to the bottom of the inner cavity of the telescopic cylinder (7). A support seat (6) is fixedly connected to one side of the soil boring machine (1), and a side plate (5) is fixedly connected to the top of the soil boring machine (1). A plug rod (13) is inserted into the interior of the support seat (6), and the bottom end of the plug rod (13) extends to the bottom of the support seat (6). The top end of the plug rod (13) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the telescopic cylinder (7). The end of the support seat (6) extends to the top of the support seat (6) and is fixedly connected to the top box (14); the top of the support seat (6) and located outside the insertion rod (13) is fixedly connected to the second liquid capsule (21); the top of the second liquid capsule (21) is connected to the bottom of the top box (14); the support seat (6) is fixedly connected to a pipe (32); one end of the pipe (32) extends to the inside of the second liquid capsule (21), and the other end of the pipe (32) extends to the inside of the first liquid capsule (8).

7. A method and device for studying the effect of temperature change on plant traits in plateau permafrost regions according to claim 6, characterized in that: A support spring (15) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the inner cavity of the top box (14), and a hook block (16) is fixedly connected to the top of the support spring (15). Both sides of the hook block (16) are slidably connected to the inside of the top box (14). A sliding cover (17) is placed on the top of the top box (14). Two guide grooves (19) are provided at the bottom of the sliding cover (17). Limiting blocks (18) are slidably connected inside the guide grooves (19). The bottom ends of the limiting blocks (18) are fixedly connected to the top of the top box (14). A top groove (3) is provided on the top of the sliding cover (17), and the position of the top groove (3) matches that of the hook block (16).

8. The method and device for studying the effect of temperature change on plant traits in plateau permafrost regions according to claim 7, characterized in that: A positioning groove (22) is provided on one side of the side plate (5), one end of the sliding cover (17) extends into the interior of the positioning groove (22), a first driving groove (20) is provided on one end of the sliding cover (17), one side of the inner cavity of the first driving groove (20) is fixedly connected to a first rack (23), a second driving groove (25) is provided inside the side plate (5), a transmission rod (54) is rotatably connected to the bottom of the inner cavity of the second driving groove (25), the top end of the transmission rod (54) extends into the interior of the positioning groove (22) and into the interior of the first driving groove (20) and is fixedly sleeved with a first transmission gear (24) matching the first rack (23), a worm (26) is rotatably connected to the bottom of the inner cavity of the second driving groove (25) and located on the right side of the transmission rod (54), and the outer sides of the worm (26) and the transmission rod (54) are sleeved with a first pulley (27) connected by a belt drive.

9. A method and device for studying the effect of temperature change on plant traits in plateau permafrost regions according to claim 8, characterized in that: The soil boring machine (1) has a driving chamber (28) formed inside, a threaded rod (29) is rotatably connected inside the driving chamber (28), the bottom end of the worm (26) extends into the driving chamber (28) and is rotatably connected to the bottom of the inner cavity of the driving chamber (28), a worm wheel (30) is fixedly sleeved on the outer side of the threaded rod (29) and is transmission-connected to the worm (26), a slider is threadedly connected to the outer side of the threaded rod (29), and one end of the slider is fixedly connected to a second rack (41), a penetration groove is formed on one side of the connecting box (11), one end of the second rack (41) passes through the penetration groove and extends into the inner cavity of the connecting box (11), and the bottom of the inner cavity of the connecting box (11) is rotatably connected to the second rack (41). A drive shaft (42) is provided, and a fourth transmission gear (44) matching the second rack (41) is fixedly sleeved on the outer side of the drive shaft (42); a connecting rod (46) is rotatably connected to the bottom of the inner cavity of the connecting box (11); a one-way bearing (45) is sleeved on the outer side of the drive shaft (42); a second pulley (43) connected by a belt drive is sleeved on the outer side of the one-way bearing (45) and the connecting rod (46); a connecting shaft (48) is rotatably connected to the bottom of the inner cavity of the connecting box (11); the connecting shaft (48) and the outer side of the connecting rod (46) are sleeved with meshing driving gears (47); the diameter of the driving gear (47) arranged on the outer side of the connecting rod (46) is larger than The diameter of the driving gear (47) arranged on the outside of the connecting shaft (48) is sized; the top of the inner cavity of the second annular cavity (49) is rotatably connected with a rotating rod (50); the outer sides of the rotating rod (50) and the connecting shaft (48) are both fixedly sleeved with a third pulley (51); the outer side of the rotating rod (50) is fixedly sleeved with a third transmission gear (40); the third transmission gear (40) is matched with the second inner gear ring (39); the outer side of the top of the soil guide cylinder (12) is fixedly sleeved with a material receiving sleeve (52); an annular collecting chamber is opened inside the material receiving sleeve (52); and two second push blocks (33) are slidably connected to the inner cavity of the annular collecting chamber; the tops of the two second push blocks (33) are located at the material receiving position. A retaining ring (38) is fixedly connected to the top of the sleeve (52); a first annular cavity (36) is provided inside the receiving sleeve (52) and located on the outside of the annular collecting cavity; a first inner gear ring (37) is slidably connected to the inside of the first annular cavity (36); a first servo motor (34) is fixedly connected to the top of the inner cavity of the first annular cavity (36); a second transmission gear (35) is fixedly provided on the output end of the first servo motor (34); the second transmission gear (35) cooperates with the first inner gear ring (37); a plurality of connecting pieces are fixedly connected to the outside of the first inner gear ring (37); one end of the connecting piece extends to the top of the receiving sleeve (52) and is fixedly connected to the outside of the retaining ring (38); 10. A method and device for studying the effect of temperature change on plant traits in plateau permafrost regions according to claim 9, characterized in that: A discharge port is provided at the bottom of the material receiving sleeve (52); a fixing frame (55) is fixedly connected to the top of the inner cavity of the connection box (11); one end of the fixing frame (55) is fixedly connected to a first water bag (56); one side of the first water bag (56) is fixedly connected to a liquid pipe (57); one end of the liquid pipe (57) passes through the soil guide cylinder (12) and extends to the outside of the soil guide cylinder (12); one side of the soil guide cylinder (12) is fixedly connected to a first mounting platform (58); a first winding roller (59) is rotatably connected to the inside of the first mounting platform (58); and the first mounting platform (58) is fixedly connected to the first water bag (56). A second mounting platform (60) is placed on one side of the mounting platform (58), the interior of the second mounting platform (60) is rotatably connected to a second winding roller (61), a conveyor belt (64) is wound around the outer side of the first winding roller (59), one end of the conveyor belt (64) is connected to the outer side of the second winding roller (61), a first fixing block (70) is fixedly connected to one side of the first mounting platform (58), a supporting leg (72) is fixedly connected to one side of the second mounting platform (60), one side of the supporting leg (72) is fixedly connected to a second fixing block (71), and the first fixing The bottom of the block (70) is fixedly connected to a fixed box (65), and a moving block (67) is slidably connected inside the fixed box (65). The top of the moving block (67) is fixedly connected to a plug (68), and one end of the plug (68) passes through the first fixed block (70) and is inserted into the second fixed block (71). The bottom of the inner cavity of the fixed box (65) is fixedly connected to a fixed spring (66), and one end of the fixed spring (66) is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the moving block (67). The top of the inner cavity of the fixed box (65) and located on one side of the plug (68) are fixed. A second water bag (69) is connected, one end of the second water bag (69) is connected to the top of the moving block (67), one end of the liquid tube (57) extends into the second water bag (69), one side of the first mounting platform (58) is fixedly connected to a first drive motor (62), the output end of the first drive motor (62) is fixedly connected to one end of the first winding roller (59), and one side of the second mounting platform (60) is fixedly connected to a second drive motor (63), the output end of the second drive motor (63) is fixedly connected to one end of the second winding roller (61).

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