Distributed energy supply system based on multi-energy storage technology coupling and operation method thereof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of distributed energy supply technology and energy storage, and provides a distributed energy supply system based on multi-energy storage technology coupling and an operation method thereof, the system integrates solid hydrogen storage, electricity storage and heat storage, and comprises a photovoltaic unit, a storage battery, a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, an electrolytic cell, an electric heater and a metal hydride solid hydrogen storage assembly. Electric energy generated by photovoltaics is firstly supplied to a user electrical load, redundant electric energy is stored in a storage battery or drives an electrolytic cell to prepare hydrogen, and the prepared hydrogen is stored in a solid hydrogen storage tank through a hydrogen buffer tank. And when photovoltaic cannot meet the user load, the fuel cell uses hydrogen in the solid hydrogen storage tank to generate power so as to supplement the user demand. Meanwhile, waste heat generated in the power generation process serves as heat energy to be supplied and effectively recycled, redundant waste heat is stored in the heat storage tank, and the stability and flexibility of energy supply under various working conditions are guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of distributed energy supply technology and energy storage, and in particular to a distributed energy supply system based on coupling of multiple energy storage technologies and an operation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present invention and do not necessarily constitute prior art.

[0003] With the continuous growth of global energy demand and the increasingly serious environmental pollution problem, the traditional centralized energy supply model is facing tremendous pressure. Distributed energy supply system, as a flexible and efficient energy solution, has gradually attracted attention because it can realize energy production, storage and utilization locally, reduce energy transmission loss and carbon emissions. However, the existing distributed energy supply system has obvious deficiencies in energy storage and management, and it is difficult to meet the complex and changing energy needs, especially in terms of energy utilization efficiency and system reliability, which need to be improved urgently.

[0004] Metal hydride solid-state hydrogen storage technology has become an important direction for future energy storage due to its advantages of high hydrogen storage density, low pressure operation and high safety. At the same time, battery storage technology and thermal storage tank heat storage technology play an important role in balancing power supply and demand and alleviating power grid pressure.

[0005] However, the current distributed energy supply system adopts a single energy storage method. However, the single energy storage method has limited response capabilities when dealing with diverse energy demands and emergencies. Summary of the invention

[0006] In order to solve at least one technical problem existing in the above-mentioned background technology, the first aspect of the present invention provides a distributed energy supply system based on the coupling of multiple energy storage technologies, which integrates solid-state hydrogen storage, electricity storage and heat storage, and constructs a highly integrated and intelligent energy supply platform by comprehensively utilizing the advantages of multiple energy storage technologies. The system not only significantly improves the energy storage and utilization efficiency, but also has significant advantages in operating costs, safety and reliability.

[0007] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0008] The first aspect of the present invention provides a novel distributed energy supply system based on the coupling of multiple energy storage technologies, including solar photovoltaic panels, batteries, electrolyzers, heat storage tanks, metal hydride solid hydrogen storage devices, and proton exchange membrane fuel cells;

[0009] The solar photovoltaic panels respectively provide energy for the battery, the electrolyzer and the load end;

[0010] The solar photovoltaic panel is used to output electric energy to supply energy to the electric load end and the thermal load end, and to use the excess electric power to charge the battery. When the battery is full, the excess electric power is used to electrolyze water to produce hydrogen through the electrolyzer;

[0011] The electrolyzer is used to generate hydrogen and oxygen, and transmit the hydrogen to the metal hydride solid-state hydrogen storage device;

[0012] The proton exchange membrane fuel cell is used to generate electricity using hydrogen stored in a metal hydride solid-state hydrogen storage device to provide electrical energy to a load end, while storing waste heat generated during the power generation process in a heat storage device.

[0013] As an implementation mode, the system further comprises a first DC / DC converter, a second DC / DC converter, a first DC / AC converter, a second DC / AC converter and a third DC / AC converter, and the load end comprises a user end and an electric water heater;

[0014] One end of the first DC / DC converter is connected to the solar photovoltaic panel, and the other end is connected to the anode of the electrolyzer;

[0015] One end of the second DC / DC converter is connected to the solar photovoltaic panel, and the other end is connected to the battery, and the battery is connected to the user end through the first DC / AC converter; one end of the second DC / AC converter is connected to the solar photovoltaic panel, and the other end is directly connected to the user end; one end of the third DC / AC converter is connected to the solar photovoltaic panel, and the other end is directly connected to the electric water heater, and the electric water heater is connected to the heat storage device.

[0016] As an embodiment, the system also includes a third DC / DC converter and a fourth DC / AC converter, wherein one end of the third DC / DC converter is connected to the proton exchange membrane fuel cell, and the other end is connected to the fourth DC / AC converter, and the fourth DC / AC converter is respectively connected to the user end and the battery.

[0017] As an embodiment, the system also includes an oxygen storage device, a hydrogen buffer device and a compressor; the oxygen storage device is connected to the anode of the electrolyzer, one end of the compressor is connected to the cathode of the electrolyzer, and the other end is connected to the hydrogen buffer device, and the hydrogen buffer device is connected to the metal hydride solid hydrogen storage device.

[0018] As an implementation manner, the oxygen storage device adopts an oxygen tank, and the hydrogen buffer device adopts a hydrogen tank.

[0019] As an embodiment, the system includes multiple solenoid valves, a first solenoid valve is arranged between the oxygen storage device and the electrolyzer, a second solenoid valve is arranged between the compressor and the electrolyzer, a third solenoid valve is arranged between the compressor and the hydrogen buffer device, and the proton exchange membrane fuel cell transfers heat to the user end, the heat storage device and the metal hydride solid hydrogen storage device through the fourth solenoid valve.

[0020] As an embodiment, the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is provided with an air inlet, and oxygen or air is connected to the air inlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell after being sequentially connected through an air filter, an air compressor, a first humidifier, an air flow meter, a first pressure sensor and a first temperature sensor.

[0021] As an embodiment, the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is also provided with an air outlet and a hydrogen inlet, and the circulating hydrogen pump is connected to the hydrogen inlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell after passing through the second humidifier, the hydrogen flow meter, the second pressure sensor, and the second temperature sensor from the air outlet.

[0022] As an implementation manner, the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is further provided with a reaction air outlet, and the reaction air outlet is provided with a fifth solenoid valve.

[0023] The second aspect of the present invention provides an operating method for a new distributed energy supply system based on the coupling of multiple energy storage technologies described in the first aspect. By formulating an efficient operation control method, the system can realize dynamic scheduling and optimal configuration of various energy storage devices to ensure efficient operation under various working conditions.

[0024] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0025] An operation method of a novel distributed energy supply system based on coupling of multiple energy storage technologies, comprising:

[0026] Determine the priority of battery power supply and fuel cell;

[0027] If the battery has a higher priority than the fuel cell, when the photovoltaic power generation is sufficient to meet the electrical load and thermal load, the excess power is first used to charge the battery. When the battery is fully charged, the excess power is used to produce hydrogen through the electrolyzer;

[0028] When the hydrogen in the hydrogen storage device is full, the excess electric power is used to drive the heat load end to heat and store heat until the heat storage device is full of heat;

[0029] When the photovoltaic power generation can only meet the electrical load but not the thermal load, the additional thermal load is supplemented by the thermal storage device until the heat is exhausted;

[0030] When the photovoltaic power generation power cannot meet the electrical load, the battery starts to work first until the power is exhausted, and then the proton exchange membrane fuel cell starts to work until the hydrogen is exhausted;

[0031] If the fuel cell has a higher priority than the battery, when the photovoltaic power generation cannot meet the electrical load, the proton exchange membrane fuel cell starts to work until the hydrogen is exhausted; the battery then starts to work until the power is exhausted;

[0032] When the waste heat of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell meets the thermal load, the excess heat is stored in the heat storage device until the heat storage device is full of heat; conversely, when the waste heat of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell cannot meet the thermal load, it is supplemented by the heat in the heat storage device. When the heat in the heat storage device is exhausted, the battery drives the electric heater to supplement the thermal energy demand until the power is exhausted.

[0033] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0034] 1. The present invention integrates solid-state hydrogen storage, electricity storage and heat storage. The electricity generated by photovoltaics is first supplied to the user's electrical load, and the excess electricity is stored in the battery or drives the electrolyzer to produce hydrogen. The produced hydrogen is stored in the solid-state hydrogen storage tank via the hydrogen buffer tank. When photovoltaics cannot meet the user's load, the fuel cell uses the hydrogen in the solid-state hydrogen storage tank to generate electricity to supplement the user's needs. At the same time, the waste heat generated in the power generation process is effectively recycled and utilized as thermal energy supply, and the excess waste heat is stored in the heat storage tank, which solves the limitations of a single energy storage mode and ensures the stability and flexibility of energy supply under various working conditions.

[0035] 2. The present invention develops an efficient operation control method, uses battery power supply and fuel cell priority, and adopts different operation control measures to achieve dynamic scheduling and optimal configuration of a variety of energy storage devices, ensuring efficient operation under various working conditions.

[0036] Advantages of additional aspects of the present invention will be given in part in the following description, and in part will become obvious from the following description, or will be learned through practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] The accompanying drawings in the specification, which constitute a part of the present invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute improper limitations on the present invention.

[0038] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of a novel distributed energy supply system based on coupling of multiple energy storage technologies provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 2 It is a configuration component and energy flow diagram of a distributed energy supply system provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 3 is a flow chart of the electric and thermal energy operation strategy of the distributed energy supply system provided by an embodiment of the present invention, Figure 3 (a) The battery has a higher priority than the fuel cell. Figure 3 (b) The priority of fuel cell energy supply is higher than that of battery. Figure 3 (c) is the system thermal energy operation process;

[0041] Figure 4 is a bar chart of the operation process in which the battery has a higher priority than the fuel cell provided by the embodiment of the present invention, Figure 4 (a) is a bar chart of the electric energy operation process. Figure 4 (b) is a bar graph of the thermal energy operation process;

[0042] Figure 5 is a bar chart of the operation process when the fuel cell has a higher priority than the battery provided by the embodiment of the present invention, Figure 5 (a) is a bar chart of the electric energy operation process. Figure 5 (b) is a bar graph of the thermal energy operation process;

[0043] Among them, 1. Solar photovoltaic panel, 2. First DC / DC converter, 3. Electrolyzer, 4. First solenoid valve, 5. Oxygen storage device, 6. Second solenoid valve, 7. Compressor, 8. Second DC / DC converter, 9. Second DC / AC converter, 10. Third DC / AC converter, 11. Electric water heater, 12. Metal hydride solid hydrogen storage device, 13. Hydrogen buffer device, 14. Third solenoid valve, 15. Battery, 16. First DC / AC converter, 17. User end , 18. heat storage device, 19. fourth DC / AC converter, 20. third DC / DC converter, 21. fourth solenoid valve, 22. proton exchange membrane fuel cell, 23. air filter, 24. air compressor, 25. first humidifier, 26. air flow meter, 27. first pressure sensor, 28. first temperature sensor, 29. fifth solenoid valve, 30. second temperature sensor, 31. second pressure sensor, 32. hydrogen flow meter, 33. second humidifier, 34. circulating hydrogen pump. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0045] It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are all illustrative and intended to provide further explanation of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs.

[0046] It should be noted that the terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit exemplary embodiments according to the present invention. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular form is also intended to include the plural form. In addition, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, it indicates the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components and / or combinations thereof.

[0047] In the present invention, terms such as "fixed connection", "connected", "connection", etc. should be understood in a broad sense, indicating that it can be fixedly connected, integrally connected or detachably connected; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium. Relevant scientific research or technical personnel in this field can determine the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention according to specific circumstances, and they should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0048] Embodiment 1

[0049] like Figure 1 The figure shows a novel distributed energy supply system based on the coupling of multiple energy storage technologies proposed in this embodiment, including a solar photovoltaic panel 1, a battery 15, an electrolyzer 3, a heat storage device 18, a metal hydride solid hydrogen storage device 12, and a proton exchange membrane fuel cell 22;

[0050] The solar photovoltaic panel 1 supplies energy to the battery 15, the electrolyzer 3 and the load end respectively;

[0051] The solar photovoltaic panel is used to output electric energy to supply energy to the electric load end and the thermal load end, and to use the excess electric power to charge the storage battery 15. When the storage battery 15 is full, the excess electric power is used to electrolyze water to produce hydrogen through the electrolyzer 3;

[0052] The electrolyzer 3 is used to generate hydrogen and oxygen, and transmit the hydrogen to the metal hydride solid hydrogen storage device 12;

[0053] The proton exchange membrane fuel cell 22 is used to generate electricity using the hydrogen stored in the metal hydride solid hydrogen storage device 12 to provide electrical energy to the load end, and at the same time store the waste heat generated during the power generation process in the heat storage device 18.

[0054] Further, the system further comprises a first DC / DC converter 2, a second DC / DC converter 8, a first DC / AC converter 16, a second DC / AC converter 9 and a third DC / AC converter 10, and the load end comprises a user end 17 and an electric water heater 11;

[0055] One end of the first DC / DC converter 2 is connected to the solar photovoltaic panel 1, and the other end is connected to the electrolytic cell 3;

[0056] One end of the second DC / DC converter 8 is connected to the solar photovoltaic panel 1, and the other end is connected to the battery 15, and the battery 15 is connected to the user end 17 through the first DC / AC converter 16; one end of the second DC / AC converter 9 is connected to the solar photovoltaic panel 1, and the other end is directly connected to the user end 17; one end of the third DC / AC converter 10 is connected to the solar photovoltaic panel 1, and the other end is directly connected to the electric water heater 11, and the electric water heater 11 is connected to the heat storage device 18.

[0057] Furthermore, the system also includes a third DC / DC converter 20 and a fourth DC / AC converter 19, wherein one end of the third DC / DC converter 20 is connected to the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 22, and the other end is connected to the fourth DC / AC converter 19, and the fourth DC / AC converter 19 is respectively connected to the user end 17 and the battery 15.

[0058] The system also includes an oxygen storage device 5, a hydrogen buffer device 13 and a compressor 7; the oxygen storage device 5 is connected to the anode of the electrolyzer 3, one end of the compressor 7 is connected to the cathode of the electrolyzer 3, and the other end is connected to the hydrogen buffer device 13, and the hydrogen buffer device 13 is connected to the metal hydride solid hydrogen storage device 12.

[0059] In this embodiment, the oxygen storage device 5 is an oxygen tank, and the hydrogen buffer device 13 is a hydrogen tank.

[0060] The system includes multiple solenoid valves, a first solenoid valve 4 is arranged between the oxygen storage device 5 and the electrolyzer 3, a second solenoid valve 6 is arranged between the compressor 7 and the electrolyzer 3, a third solenoid valve 14 is arranged between the compressor 7 and the hydrogen buffer device 13, and the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 22 transmits heat to the user end, the heat storage device and the metal hydride solid hydrogen storage device through the fourth solenoid valve 21.

[0061] The proton exchange membrane fuel cell 22 is provided with an air inlet, and oxygen or air is connected to the air inlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 22 after being connected in sequence through an air filter 23, an air compressor 24, a first humidifier 25, an air flow meter 26, a first pressure sensor 27 and a first temperature sensor 28.

[0062] The proton exchange membrane fuel cell 22 is also provided with a hydrogen inlet, and the circulating hydrogen pump 34 circulates the outlet hydrogen of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 22 through the second humidifier 33, the hydrogen flowmeter 32, the second pressure sensor 31, and the second temperature sensor 30 in sequence and then connects to the hydrogen inlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 22.

[0063] The proton exchange membrane fuel cell 22 is also provided with an air outlet, and the air outlet is provided with a fifth solenoid valve 29 .

[0064] The system integrates solid-state hydrogen storage, electricity storage and heat storage, including photovoltaics, batteries, proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC, fuel cells), electrolyzers, electric heaters, metal hydride solid-state hydrogen storage (MH, solid-state hydrogen storage) tanks and other components. The electricity generated by photovoltaics is first supplied to the user's electrical load, and the excess electricity is stored in the battery or drives the electrolyzer to produce hydrogen. The produced hydrogen is stored in the solid-state hydrogen storage tank via a hydrogen buffer tank. When photovoltaics cannot meet the user's load, the fuel cell uses the hydrogen in the solid-state hydrogen storage tank to generate electricity to supplement the user's needs. At the same time, the waste heat generated by the power generation process is effectively recycled as a heat energy supply, and the excess waste heat is stored in the heat storage tank, ensuring the stability and flexibility of energy supply under various working conditions.

[0065] like Figure 2 The figure shows the configuration components and energy flow diagram of the distributed energy supply system. The electrical energy output in the system mainly comes from photovoltaic power generation, battery discharge and fuel cell power generation, and the main thermal energy output includes electric heaters and fuel cell waste heat. When the system output cannot meet the user's thermal power load, backup grid power purchase or gas boiler heating can be introduced. The electrical energy load in the system mainly includes user electrical load, electric heater heating, electrolyzer hydrogen production and battery charging, and the thermal energy load mainly includes user thermal load, heat storage tank heat storage and solid hydrogen storage tank heat absorption.

[0066] like Figure 3 The figure shows the flow chart of the electric and thermal energy operation strategy of the distributed energy supply system. Figure 3 (a) shows that the battery has a higher priority than the fuel cell. Figure 3 (b) The priority of fuel cell energy supply is higher than that of battery. Figure 3 (c) is the system thermal energy operation process.

[0067] The storage state in the storage container is expressed by SOC (State of Charge), which is defined as the percentage of the available mass of the storage to the theoretical total storage capacity. The expression is as follows. For the storage state of solid hydrogen storage tanks, batteries and heat storage tanks, SOC MH , SOC Bat and SOC Tank express.

[0068]

[0069] The photovoltaic power generation, battery power generation, fuel cell power generation, power load, power waste and power shortage in the system are represented by P PV , P Bat , PFC , P Load , P Waste and P Lack The heat generation power of the fuel cell, the heat release power of the heat storage tank, the heat load, the heat waste and the heat shortage in the system are represented by H FC , H Tank , H Load , H Waste and H Lack express.

[0070] Figure 3 (a) shows that the battery has a higher priority than the fuel cell when the photovoltaic power generation is sufficient to meet the electrical load and thermal load (P PV >P Load +H Load ), the excess electric power is first used to charge the battery;

[0071] When the battery is fully charged (SOC Bat =100%), and the excess power is used to electrolyze water to produce hydrogen.

[0072] When the hydrogen in the hydrogen storage tank is full (SOC MH =100%), the excess power is used to drive the electric heater to heat and store until the heat storage tank is full (SOC Tank =100%), the excess power generation (P Waste ) will be wasted.

[0073] When the photovoltaic power generation can only meet the electrical load but cannot meet the thermal load (P Load +H Load >P PV >P Load ), the additional heat load is supplemented by the heat storage tank until the heat is exhausted (SOC Tank =0), the remaining heat load cannot be met (H Lack ).

[0074] When the photovoltaic power generation cannot meet the electrical load (P PV <P Load ), the battery starts working first until it is exhausted (SOC Bat =0). Then the PEMFC starts to work until the hydrogen is exhausted (SOC MH =0), the remaining electrical loads cannot be met (P Lack ).

[0075] exist Figure 3(b) shows that the fuel cell has a higher priority than the battery. The PEMFC has a higher priority. When the photovoltaic power generation cannot meet the electrical load, the PEMFC starts working first until the hydrogen is exhausted. The battery then starts working until the power is exhausted. Figure 3 The situation described in (a) is the same as that in (a), except that when the photovoltaic power generation cannot meet the electrical load (P PV <P Load ), before the hydrogen is exhausted, the fuel cell generates electricity, when P is satisfied PV +P FC <P Load When the battery is exhausted, it is judged whether the SOC Bat >0, the battery is discharged, otherwise the remaining electrical load will not be met (P Lack ).

[0076] Figure 3 In (c), when the waste heat of PEMFC can meet the user's thermal energy demand (H FC >H Load ), the excess heat is stored in the heat storage tank until the heat storage tank is full (SOC Tank =100%), the excess PEMFC waste heat power (H Waste ) will be wasted. On the contrary, when the PEMFC waste heat cannot meet the user's thermal energy demand (H FC <H Load ), which is supplemented by the heat in the heat storage tank. When the heat in the heat storage tank is exhausted (SOC Tank = 0), and then the battery drives the electric heater to supplement the heat energy demand until the power is exhausted (SOC Bat =0), then there will be a gap in the heat load (H Lack ).

[0077] Embodiment 2

[0078] This embodiment provides an operation method of a new distributed energy supply system based on the coupling of multiple energy storage technologies. When the hydrogen storage capacity in the system is about 5.6 kg, the effective heat storage capacity of the added heat storage tank is 150 kWh, the battery capacity is 600 Ah, and the voltage is 324 V. Figure 4 and Figure 5 These are bar charts of the electricity and heat energy supply processes under different energy supply priorities.

[0079] Figure 4In the initial stage of the night, the battery starts working first to meet the user's electrical load demand. When the power is exhausted, the fuel cell starts and continues to operate until the hydrogen is exhausted or the photovoltaic power generation is sufficient to meet the electrical load. During the day, when the photovoltaic power generation can meet the user's thermal power load, the excess power generation is first used to charge the battery. When the battery is full, the additional power generation is used to produce hydrogen and store it. When the solid hydrogen storage tank is saturated, the excess power generation is used for heating and stored in the heat storage tank. As the light gradually weakens, the photovoltaic power generation gradually decreases, and the user's electrical load is again supplied by the battery, thus forming a cycle. Due to the integration of the heat storage device, the nighttime heat load is first completely provided by the heat storage tank. When the fuel cell is running, part of the remaining heat load is provided by the fuel cell waste heat, and the other part is made up by the heat storage tank.

[0080] Figure 5 In the scheme, at the beginning of the night, the fuel cell starts to operate first to meet the user's electrical load demand and part of the thermal load. When the hydrogen is exhausted, the battery takes over the operation until the power is exhausted or the photovoltaic power generation is sufficient to meet the electrical load. The operation of the system during the day when there is sufficient sunlight is similar to that of scheme five. As the light gradually weakens, the photovoltaic power generation power gradually decreases, and the user's electrical load is again supplied by the fuel cell, thus forming a cycle. When the fuel cell is running at night, the waste heat it generates can meet part of the thermal demand, and the rest of the thermal demand is made up by the thermal storage tank. When the hydrogen is exhausted, the user's thermal load is completely provided by the thermal storage tank.

[0081] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A new distributed energy supply system based on the coupling of multiple energy storage technologies, characterized in that: Including solar photovoltaic panels, batteries, electrolyzers, heat storage tanks, metal hydride solid hydrogen storage devices, and proton exchange membrane fuel cells; The solar photovoltaic panels respectively provide energy for the battery, the electrolyzer and the load end; The solar photovoltaic panel is used to output electric energy to supply energy to the electric load end and the thermal load end, and to use the excess electric power to charge the battery. When the battery is full, the excess electric power is used to electrolyze water to produce hydrogen through the electrolyzer; The electrolyzer is used to generate hydrogen and oxygen, and transmit the hydrogen to the metal hydride solid-state hydrogen storage device; The proton exchange membrane fuel cell is used to generate electricity using hydrogen stored in a metal hydride solid-state hydrogen storage device to provide electrical energy to a load end, while storing waste heat generated during the power generation process in a heat storage device.

2. The novel distributed energy supply system based on coupling of multiple energy storage technologies as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: The system further comprises a first DC / DC converter, a second DC / DC converter, a first DC / AC converter, a second DC / AC converter and a third DC / AC converter, and the load end comprises a user end and an electric water heater; One end of the first DC / DC converter is connected to the solar photovoltaic panel, and the other end is connected to the electrolyzer; One end of the second DC / DC converter is connected to the solar photovoltaic panel, and the other end is connected to the battery, and the battery is connected to the user end through the first DC / AC converter; one end of the second DC / AC converter is connected to the solar photovoltaic panel, and the other end is directly connected to the user end; one end of the third DC / AC converter is connected to the solar photovoltaic panel, and the other end is directly connected to the electric water heater, and the electric water heater is connected to the heat storage device.

3. The novel distributed energy supply system based on coupling of multiple energy storage technologies as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: The system also includes a third DC / DC converter and a fourth DC / AC converter. One end of the third DC / DC converter is connected to the proton exchange membrane fuel cell, and the other end is connected to the fourth DC / AC converter. The fourth DC / AC converter is connected to the user end and the battery respectively.

4. The novel distributed energy supply system based on coupling of multiple energy storage technologies as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: The system also includes an oxygen storage device, a hydrogen buffer device and a compressor; the oxygen storage device is connected to the anode of the electrolyzer, one end of the compressor is connected to the cathode of the electrolyzer, and the other end is connected to the hydrogen buffer device, and the hydrogen buffer device is connected to the metal hydride solid hydrogen storage device.

5. The novel distributed energy supply system based on coupling of multiple energy storage technologies as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that: The oxygen storage device adopts an oxygen tank, and the hydrogen buffer device adopts a hydrogen tank.

6. The novel distributed energy supply system based on coupling of multiple energy storage technologies as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that: The system includes multiple solenoid valves, a first solenoid valve is arranged between the oxygen storage device and the electrolyzer, a second solenoid valve is arranged between the compressor and the electrolyzer, a third solenoid valve is arranged between the compressor and the hydrogen buffer device, and the proton exchange membrane fuel cell transmits heat to the user end, the heat storage device and the metal hydride solid hydrogen storage device through the fourth solenoid valve.

7. The novel distributed energy supply system based on coupling of multiple energy storage technologies as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: The proton exchange membrane fuel cell is provided with an air inlet, and oxygen or air is connected to the air inlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell after being sequentially connected through an air filter, an air compressor, a first humidifier, an air flow meter, a first pressure sensor and a first temperature sensor.

8. The novel distributed energy supply system based on coupling of multiple energy storage technologies as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: The proton exchange membrane fuel cell is also provided with a hydrogen inlet, and a circulating hydrogen pump is connected to the hydrogen inlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell after passing through a second humidifier, a hydrogen flow meter, a second pressure sensor, and a second temperature sensor from the hydrogen outlet in sequence.

9. The novel distributed energy supply system based on coupling of multiple energy storage technologies as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The proton exchange membrane fuel cell is also provided with an air outlet, and the air outlet is provided with a fifth solenoid valve.

10. An operating method of a novel distributed energy supply system based on coupling of multiple energy storage technologies according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: include: Determine the priority of battery power supply and fuel cell; If the battery has a higher priority than the fuel cell, when the photovoltaic power generation is sufficient to meet the electrical load and thermal load, the excess power is first used to charge the battery. When the battery is fully charged, the excess power is used to produce hydrogen through the electrolyzer; When the hydrogen in the hydrogen storage device is full, the excess electric power is used to drive the heat load end to heat and store heat until the heat storage device is full of heat; When the photovoltaic power generation can only meet the electrical load but not the thermal load, the additional thermal load is supplemented by the thermal storage device until the heat is exhausted; When the photovoltaic power generation power cannot meet the electrical load, the battery starts to work first until the power is exhausted, and then the proton exchange membrane fuel cell starts to work until the hydrogen is exhausted; If the fuel cell has a higher priority than the battery, when the photovoltaic power generation cannot meet the electrical load, the proton exchange membrane fuel cell starts to work until the hydrogen is exhausted; the battery then starts to work until the power is exhausted; When the waste heat of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell meets the thermal load, the excess heat is stored in the heat storage device until the heat storage device is full of heat; conversely, when the waste heat of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell cannot meet the thermal load, it is supplemented by the heat in the heat storage device. When the heat in the heat storage device is exhausted, the battery drives the electric heater to supplement the thermal energy demand until the power is exhausted.

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