Method for improving smelting yield of vanadium-aluminum alloy

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for improving the smelting yield of a vanadium-aluminum alloy, which comprises the following steps: S1, dividing vanadium oxide into a plurality of parts according to a certain weight ratio, and sequentially weighing a corresponding required reducing agent and a slag former in a gradient decreasing manner; s2, uniformly mixing the vanadium oxide with a reducing agent and a slagging constituent in sequence to obtain a mixture respectively; s3, adding the mixture into a smelting furnace, sequentially adding the mixture of each batch, paving and compacting, and then adding the mixture of the next batch; and S4, ignition smelting and normal-temperature cooling are conducted, water quenching and furnace disassembling are conducted after the surface of slag metal is skull, after surface treatment is conducted on an alloy ingot obtained through furnace disassembling, aftertreatment is conducted, and a vanadium-aluminum alloy finished product is obtained. By adopting the modes of gradient burdening, layered material distribution and heat regulation and control, the two-way mass transfer of a reducing agent in the aluminothermic reduction process and the effective regulation and control of local slag characteristics can be effectively realized, so that the thermodynamic conditions in the smelting process are improved, and the smelting yield of the vanadium-aluminum alloy is greatly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of metallurgy, and in particular to a method for improving the smelting yield of vanadium-aluminum alloy. Background Art

[0002] Vanadium-aluminum alloy is the most important vanadium-containing alloying master alloy for non-steel use, and it is widely used in the field of titanium alloys. Adding an appropriate amount of vanadium and aluminum to titanium alloys can significantly improve its performance in terms of strength, toughness, formability, corrosion resistance, high temperature resistance, etc., thereby showing the performance advantages of titanium alloys. At present, TC4 alloy containing vanadium and aluminum has become the most widely used titanium alloy product, and is widely used in aerospace, military industry, medical and other fields.

[0003] Due to the particularity of vanadium aluminum alloy as an intermediate additive and its application field, the requirements for the control of alloy product composition are extremely strict. Therefore, the core issue of the current preparation and production process of vanadium aluminum alloy is whether its product quality meets the standard requirements of aluminum alloy in related fields. The industrial preparation process of vanadium aluminum alloy usually adopts a one-step or two-step process of aluminum thermite for production. However, no matter which process is used, the vanadium iron alloy products obtained by the aluminum thermite reduction process have problems such as high vanadium loss in slag, poor apparent quality, and low product yield, which seriously affects the finished product yield of vanadium iron alloy.

[0004] For example, a Chinese patent with publication number CN202111563816.1 provides a method for preparing a vanadium-aluminum alloy, comprising the following steps: raw material batching: weigh and configure the following raw materials according to the corresponding weight ratio, V2O5: 40-50 parts, aluminum powder: 35-45 parts, CaO: 4-6 parts, CaF2: 3-4 parts, and recycled materials: 6-7 parts; smelting: put the mixed materials configured above into a reactor and ignite for smelting; standing: after smelting, the alloy liquid is allowed to stand, settle, and cool for at least 40 hours; unloading: after the alloy liquid solidifies into a solid, the furnace body is removed; separation and finishing: the upper slag layer is crushed and removed, and the remaining lower layer is a vanadium-aluminum alloy layer. The vanadium-aluminum alloy product produced by the method of the present invention has uniform composition and low impurity content; the product yield is high, and the product yield is increased from the original 94% to more than 98%; the process is simple, stable and mature, and is particularly suitable for large-scale production. The present invention is used to produce advanced alloy materials with a vanadium content of 56-59% for use in the aerospace field.

[0005] For example, the Chinese patent with publication number CN202111122687.2 discloses a method for controlling the vanadium aluminum alloy smelting process. The method comprises the following steps: (1) adding material C, material B and material A to the reactor furnace body in order from bottom to top and paving, material A, material B and material C all contain vanadium oxide, aluminum particles, corundum slag and potassium chlorate, and the amount of vanadium oxide and aluminum particles in material A, material B and material C are the same, the unit charge heat of material A is 3300-3400 kJ / kg, the unit charge heat of material B is 3200-3300 kJ / kg, and the unit charge heat of material C is 3000-3200 kJ / kg; (2) placing the reactor on a smelting table for reaction; (3) after the reaction is completed, introducing protective gas into the reactor for purging; (4) after the vanadium aluminum alloy is cooled, the furnace is dismantled, and then sandblasting and crushing are performed. The method of the present invention can improve the yield rate of vanadium aluminum alloy.

[0006] For example, a Chinese patent with publication number CN202010327458 discloses a method for preparing vanadium aluminum alloy based on aluminothermic reduction. The present invention belongs to the technical field of vanadium alloy production, and specifically relates to a method for preparing vanadium aluminum alloy based on aluminothermic reduction. The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for preparing vanadium aluminum alloy based on aluminothermic reduction, so as to reduce the segregation of the upper and lower layers of the vanadium aluminum alloy cake and increase the yield of qualified products. The method is: first spread metal aluminum A on the bottom of the reactor, then mix vanadium pentoxide, coolant and metal aluminum B evenly, spread on metal aluminum A, ignite the reaction, cool after completion, and remove the slag to obtain vanadium aluminum alloy. The method of the present invention can reduce the upper and lower segregation of vanadium aluminum alloy cakes, increase the yield of qualified products of the finished product, have a simple process, and have broad application prospects.

[0007] For example, a Chinese patent with publication number CN202111122718.4 discloses a one-step method for producing vanadium aluminum alloy. The method includes: (1) providing a graphite crucible smelting furnace; (2) laying a lining material on the bottom of the graphite crucible smelting furnace body, then placing an aluminum foil gasket in the middle of the smelting furnace body, and then filling the lining material to obtain a vanadium aluminum alloy smelting furnace; (3) dividing vanadium pentoxide into N parts by weight, and mixing N parts of vanadium pentoxide materials with N parts of aluminum particles and N parts of heat regulators in turn to obtain the first to Nth parts of the mixture; (4) igniting the first part of the mixture, and after the first part of the mixture starts the aluminum heat reaction, adding the second to Nth parts of the mixture in turn; (5) after the reaction is completed, standing, cooling, dismantling the furnace, crushing, grinding and selecting to obtain the finished vanadium aluminum alloy. The present invention realizes the one-step smelting production of vanadium aluminum alloy, improves product quality and reduces production costs.

[0008] It can be seen from the above-mentioned public patents that the main purpose of the current vanadium-aluminum alloy smelting mixed materials and smelting process is to control product quality such as impurity content and component segregation. There is not much attention paid to improving the vanadium-aluminum alloy smelting yield, which is not conducive to the efficient and comprehensive utilization of vanadium resources.

[0009] In view of this, the existing technology should be improved. Summary of the invention

[0010] The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for improving the smelting yield of vanadium-aluminum alloy. In view of the problem of low smelting yield in the traditional aluminothermic reduction vanadium-aluminum alloy preparation process, a vanadium-aluminum alloy batching, distribution and smelting system based on "anti-burning, strong reduction and promoted sedimentation" are proposed. By adopting gradient batching, layered distribution and heat control, the two-way mass transfer of the reducing agent in the aluminothermic reduction process and the effective control of the local slag characteristics are achieved, the thermodynamic conditions of the smelting process are effectively improved, and the smelting yield of the vanadium-aluminum alloy is greatly improved on the basis of ensuring product quality.

[0011] According to one aspect of the present invention, a method for improving the smelting yield of vanadium-aluminum alloy is provided, which comprises the following steps: S1. Divide the vanadium oxide into N+1 parts according to a certain weight ratio, and weigh the reducing agent and slag-forming agent corresponding to the 1st to Nth parts of the vanadium oxide in a descending gradient manner, and weigh the reducing agent and slag-forming agent corresponding to the N+1th part of the vanadium oxide according to a preset addition amount; wherein 2≤N≤5, and N is an integer; S2, mixing N+1 parts of vanadium oxide with corresponding N+1 parts of reducing agent and slag-forming agent in sequence to obtain the first mixed material, the second mixed material to the N+1th mixed material respectively; S3. After the mixing is completed, the Nth batch of mixed materials is added to the smelting furnace in sequence, and then the N-1th batch of mixed materials, the N-2th batch of mixed materials to the 1st batch of mixed materials are added in sequence, and finally the N+1th batch of mixed materials are added in sequence and leveled and compacted before the next batch of mixed materials can be added; S4. After the materials are added, ignition is carried out for smelting, and then cooling is carried out at room temperature. After the slag surface is solidified, water quenching is carried out to dismantle the furnace. The alloy ingots obtained by dismantling the furnace are subjected to surface treatment including sandblasting and shot blasting, and then post-treatment including finishing, crushing and screening is carried out to finally obtain a vanadium-aluminum alloy product that meets the composition and particle size requirements.

[0012] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the weights of the 1st to Nth reducing agents are as follows: the weight of the 1st reducing agent is A times the theoretical value, where A ≥ 1.0; the weight of the i-th reducing agent is B times the theoretical value. i times, and B i ≥B i+1 , where 1<i<N, and i is an integer, 0.5≤B i≤A; the weight of the Nth reducing agent is C times the theoretical value, where 0≤C≤B N-1 ; The weights of the 1st to Nth portions of slag-forming agent are: the weight of the 1st portion of slag-forming agent is a times the theoretical amount, where a≥1.0; the weight of the i-th portion of slag-forming agent is b times the theoretical amount, where 1<i≤N, and i is an integer, 0≤b≤1.0.

[0013] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the weight of the N+1th portion of reducing agent is X times of the theoretical value, wherein X<1.0, and the weight of the N+1th portion of slag-forming agent is Y times of the theoretical addition amount, wherein Y>1.0.

[0014] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the vanadium oxide includes V2O5 and V2O3, and the content of V2O5 is greater than the content of V2O3.

[0015] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the weight ratio of V2O5 and V2O3 charged into a single furnace is based on a unit charge heat of 3200-3400 kJ / kg.

[0016] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the purity of vanadium oxide is ≥99.5% by weight, and the contents of Fe and Si are ≤0.09%, and the particle size is ≤0.5 mm; the purity of the reducing agent is ≥99.8%, and the particle size is 1-3 mm; the content of effective ingredients in the slag-forming agent is ≥98.0%, and the particle size is ≤0.5 mm.

[0017] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the theoretical amount of reducing agent added is the sum of the theoretical amount of Al required for the reduction of vanadium oxide and the theoretical amount of Al required for the corresponding ratio of the vanadium aluminum alloy.

[0018] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the total amount of reducing agent added is 0.95 to 1.05 times the theoretical amount of reducing agent added.

[0019] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the theoretical amount of slag forming agent added is 5-10% of the total amount of vanadium oxide added, in weight percentage.

[0020] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the weights of the 1st to Nth portions of vanadium oxide are the same, and the weight of the N+1th portion of vanadium oxide is ≤ the weight of the 1st to Nth portions of vanadium oxide.

[0021] In a method for improving the smelting yield of vanadium-aluminum alloy according to an embodiment of the present invention, the technical problem of low smelting yield in the preparation process of vanadium-aluminum alloy can be solved without adding new equipment and raw material costs and ensuring product quality. After the implementation of the technology, it is conducive to the efficient preparation and high-quality utilization of vanadium alloy for non-steel use, and has significant social and economic benefits. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention, the drawings required for use in the embodiment will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some implementation cases of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0023] Figure 1 A process flow chart of a method for improving the smelting yield of vanadium-aluminum alloy according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The detailed description of the following embodiments is used to exemplify the principles of the present invention, but cannot be used to limit the scope of the present invention. The present invention can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, but includes all technical solutions falling within the scope of the claims.

[0025] The present invention provides these embodiments to make this disclosure thorough and complete, and fully express the scope of the present invention to those skilled in the art. It should be noted that unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangement of the parts and steps, the composition of materials, numerical expressions and numerical values ​​set forth in these embodiments should be interpreted as being merely exemplary, rather than as limiting.

[0026] It should be noted that, in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, the meaning of "multiple" is greater than or equal to two; the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inner", "outer", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship, are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention. When the absolute position of the object being described changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0027] It should also be noted that in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected" and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to the specific circumstances. When a specific device is described as being located between a first device and a second device, there may or may not be an intermediate device between the specific device and the first device or the second device.

[0028] All terms used in the present invention have the same meanings as those understood by those of ordinary skill in the art to which the present disclosure belongs, unless otherwise specifically defined. It should also be understood that terms defined in general dictionaries, for example, should be interpreted as having meanings consistent with their meanings in the context of the relevant technology, and should not be interpreted in an idealized or extremely formal sense, unless explicitly defined herein.

[0029] Technologies, methods, and apparatus known to ordinary technicians in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, these technologies, methods, and apparatus should be considered part of the specification.

[0030] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a method for improving the smelting yield of vanadium-aluminum alloy, which comprises the following steps: S1. Divide the vanadium oxide into N+1 parts according to a certain weight ratio, and weigh the reducing agent and slag-forming agent corresponding to the 1st to Nth parts of the vanadium oxide in a descending gradient manner, and weigh the reducing agent and slag-forming agent corresponding to the N+1th part of the vanadium oxide according to a preset addition amount; wherein 2≤N≤5, and N is an integer; S2, mixing N+1 parts of vanadium oxide with corresponding N+1 parts of reducing agent and slag-forming agent in sequence to obtain the first mixed material, the second mixed material to the N+1th mixed material respectively; S3. After the mixing is completed, the Nth batch of mixed materials is added to the smelting furnace in sequence, and then the N-1th batch of mixed materials, the N-2th batch of mixed materials to the 1st batch of mixed materials are added in sequence, and finally the N+1th batch of mixed materials are added in sequence and leveled and compacted before the next batch of mixed materials can be added; S4. After the materials are added, ignition is carried out for smelting, and then cooling is carried out at room temperature. After the slag surface is solidified, water quenching is carried out to dismantle the furnace. The alloy ingots obtained by dismantling the furnace are subjected to surface treatment including sandblasting and shot blasting, and then post-treatment including finishing, crushing and screening is carried out to finally obtain a vanadium-aluminum alloy product that meets the composition and particle size requirements.

[0031] In some specific embodiments, the reducing agent is aluminum particles and the slag-forming agent is lime.

[0032] In the method for improving the vanadium aluminum alloy smelting yield according to the embodiment of the present invention, by adopting the methods of gradient batching, layered material distribution and heat control, the bidirectional mass transfer of the reducing agent in the aluminum thermal reduction process and the effective control of the local slag characteristics can be effectively achieved, thereby improving the thermodynamic conditions of the smelting process and achieving a significant increase in the vanadium aluminum alloy smelting yield on the basis of ensuring product quality. It has strong operability and has broad promotion and application prospects in the field of vanadium aluminum alloy preparation technology.

[0033] In some specific embodiments, the weight of the 1st to Nth reducing agents is: the weight of the 1st reducing agent is A times the theoretical value, where A ≥ 1.0; the weight of the i-th reducing agent is B times the theoretical value. i times, and B i ≥B i+1 , where 1<i<N, and i is an integer, 0.5≤B i ≤A; the weight of the Nth reducing agent is C times the theoretical value, where 0≤C≤B N-1 ; The weights of the 1st to Nth portions of slag-forming agent are: the weight of the 1st portion of slag-forming agent is a times the theoretical amount, where a≥1.0; the weight of the i-th portion of slag-forming agent is b times the theoretical amount, where 1<i≤N, and i is an integer, 0≤b≤1.0.

[0034] Through gradient batching, the type and quantity of reducing agent can be reasonably adjusted according to the reaction requirements of different areas, which helps to ensure the uniform distribution of reducing agent during the reaction process and improve the reduction efficiency.

[0035] Based on the above embodiments, the weight of the N+1th reducing agent is X times of the theoretical value, wherein X<1.0, and the weight of the N+1th slag-forming agent is Y times of the theoretical addition amount, wherein Y>1.0.

[0036] Layered fabrics can place different types of materials in layers according to the properties of the reactants and reaction conditions, thereby forming an environment that is conducive to the reaction, such as temperature gradient, concentration gradient, etc.

[0037] The comprehensive application of gradient batching, layered distribution and heat regulation can significantly improve the reaction efficiency of the aluminothermic reduction process, help shorten the reaction time and reduce energy consumption.

[0038] In some specific embodiments, the vanadium oxide includes V2O5 and V2O3, and the content of V2O5 is greater than the content of V2O3.

[0039] On the basis of the above embodiments, the vanadium oxide ratio, that is, the weight ratio of V2O5 and V2O3 charged into a single furnace is based on the unit charge heat of 3200~3400kJ / kg.

[0040] In some specific embodiments, by weight percentage, the purity of vanadium oxide is ≥99.5%, and the contents of Fe and Si are ≤0.09%, and the particle size is ≤0.5 mm; the purity of the reducing agent is ≥99.8%, and the particle size is 1-3 mm; the content of effective ingredients in the slag-forming agent is ≥98.0%, and the particle size is ≤0.5 mm.

[0041] Based on the above examples, the theoretical amount of reducing agent added is the sum of the theoretical amount of Al required for the reduction of vanadium oxide and the theoretical amount of Al required for the corresponding ratio of vanadium aluminum alloy. The theoretical amount is a theoretically calculated value.

[0042] In some specific embodiments, the total amount of reducing agent added is 0.95 to 1.05 times the theoretical amount of reducing agent added.

[0043] Based on the above embodiments, the theoretical addition amount of the slag-forming agent is 5-10% of the total addition amount of vanadium oxides in terms of weight percentage.

[0044] In some specific embodiments, the weights of the 1st to Nth portions of vanadium oxide are the same, and the weight of the N+1th portion of vanadium oxide is ≤ the weight of the 1st to Nth portions of vanadium oxide.

[0045] The present application is described below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0046] Example 1 Taking the preparation of AlV55 vanadium aluminum alloy as an example, the specific process includes the following steps: (1) In terms of weight percentage, vanadium oxide (weight ratio of V2O3 and V2O5 is 2:8, purity is 99.6%, Fe and Si content are 0.05% and 0.04% respectively, and particle size is 0.2~0.4mm) is divided into 3 parts according to the weight ratio of 2:2:1 (the weight of the first and second parts of vanadium oxide is the same), and aluminum particles (purity is 99.9%, particle size is 1~3mm) and slag forming agent (effective component CaO is 99.5% by weight, particle size is 0~0.1mm) required for 2 parts of vanadium oxide are weighed in a gradient decreasing manner. The total amount of aluminum particles added is 1.00 times the theoretical amount of aluminum particles added (theoretical calculation value) (comprehensive aluminum matching coefficient = 1.00), and the total amount of lime added is 5.2% of the total amount of vanadium oxide added. The weight requirements of the first and second parts of aluminum particles are as follows: the weight of the first part is 1.2 times the theoretical value, and the weight of the second part is 0.9 times the theoretical value; the weight requirements of the first and second parts of lime are as follows: the weight of the first part is 1.2 times the theoretical addition amount, and the weight of the second part is 0.8 times. The weight of the third part is 0.8 times the theoretical value, and the weight of the third part is 1.2 times the theoretical addition amount.

[0047] (2) Mixing 3 parts of vanadium oxide with corresponding 3 parts of aluminum particles and lime in sequence to obtain the first mixture, the second mixture and the third mixture respectively; after the mixing is completed, first add the second mixture into the smelting furnace, flatten and compact it, then add the first mixture, and finally add the third mixture.

[0048] (3) After the materials are added, the smelting is ignited by electric arc or titanium powder ignition. After the smelting is completed, the slag is cooled at room temperature until the surface of the slag is solidified, and the smelting product is water quenched and dismantled. The alloy ingots obtained from the dismantling of the furnace are subjected to surface treatment such as sandblasting and shot blasting, and then post-processing such as finishing, crushing and screening is carried out to finally obtain smelting slag and vanadium aluminum alloy products that meet the composition and particle size requirements.

[0049] Example 2 Taking the preparation of AlV55 vanadium aluminum alloy as an example, the specific process includes the following steps: (1) In terms of weight percentage, vanadium oxide (weight ratio of V2O3 and V2O5 is 2:8, purity is 99.6%, Fe and Si content are 0.05% and 0.04% respectively, and particle size is 0.2~0.4mm) is divided into 4 parts according to the weight ratio of 2:2:2:1 (the weight of the first to third parts of vanadium oxide is the same), and aluminum particles (purity is 99.9%, particle size is 1~3mm) and lime (effective component CaO is 99.5% by weight, particle size is 0~0.1mm) required for the corresponding 3 parts of vanadium oxide are weighed in a gradient decreasing manner. The total amount of aluminum particles added is 1.00 times the theoretical amount of aluminum particles added (theoretical calculated value) (comprehensive aluminum matching coefficient = 1.00), and the total amount of lime added is 5.6% of the total amount of vanadium oxide added. The weight requirements of the 1st to 3rd aluminum particles are as follows: the weight of the 1st part is 1.4 times the theoretical value, the weight of the 2nd part is 1.0 times the theoretical value, and the weight of the 3rd part is 0.8 times the theoretical value; the weight requirements of the 1st to 2nd lime are as follows: the weight of the 1st part is 1.2 times the theoretical addition amount, the weight of the 2nd part is 1.0 times the theoretical addition amount, and the weight of the 3rd part is 0.8 times the theoretical addition amount. The weight of the 4th part is 0.8 times the theoretical value, and the weight of the 4th part is 1.4 times the theoretical addition amount.

[0050] (2) Mix 4 parts of vanadium oxide with 4 parts of aluminum particles and lime in turn to obtain the first to fourth parts of mixed materials; after mixing, add the third part of the mixed material into the smelting furnace, flatten and compact it, and then add the second, first and fourth parts of the mixed material in turn and flatten and compact them.

[0051] (3) After the materials are added, the smelting is ignited by electric arc or titanium powder ignition. After the smelting is completed, the slag is cooled at room temperature until the surface of the slag is solidified, and the smelting product is water quenched and dismantled. The alloy ingots obtained from the dismantling of the furnace are subjected to surface treatment such as sandblasting and shot blasting, and then post-processing such as finishing, crushing and screening is carried out to finally obtain smelting slag and vanadium aluminum alloy products that meet the composition and particle size requirements.

[0052] Example 3 Taking the preparation of AlV55 vanadium aluminum alloy as an example, the specific process includes the following steps: (1) In terms of weight percentage, vanadium oxide (V2O3 and V2O5 weight ratio of 2:8, purity of 99.6%, Fe and Si content of 0.05% and 0.04% respectively, particle size of 0.2~0.4mm) is divided into 5 parts according to the weight ratio of 2:2:2:2:1 (the weight of the 1st to 4th parts of vanadium oxide is the same), and aluminum particles (purity of 99.9%, particle size of 1~3mm) and lime (effective component CaO of 99.5% by weight, particle size of 0~0.1mm) required for the corresponding 5 parts of vanadium oxide are weighed in a gradient decreasing manner. The total amount of aluminum particles added is 1.00 times the theoretical amount of aluminum particles added (theoretical calculated value) (comprehensive aluminum matching coefficient = 1.00), and the total amount of lime added is 5.7% of the total amount of vanadium oxide added. The weight requirements of the 1st to 4th parts of aluminum particles are as follows: the weight of the 1st part is 1.4 times the theoretical value, the weight of the 2nd part is 1.1 times the theoretical value, the weight of the 3rd part is 0.9 times the theoretical value, and the weight of the 4th part is 0.7 times the theoretical value; the weight requirements of the 1st to 4th parts of lime are as follows: the weight of the 1st part is 1.4 times the theoretical addition amount, the weight of the 2nd part is 1.0 times the theoretical addition amount, the weight of the 3rd part is 0.8 times the theoretical addition amount, and the weight of the 4th part is 0.8 times the theoretical addition amount. The weight of the 5th part is 0.8 times the theoretical value, and the weight of the 5th part is 1.4 times the theoretical addition amount.

[0053] (2) Mix 5 parts of vanadium oxide with 5 parts of aluminum particles and lime in sequence to obtain the first to fifth mixtures; after mixing, add the fourth mixture into the smelting furnace, flatten and compact it, and then add the third, second, first and fifth mixtures in sequence and flatten and compact them.

[0054] (3) After the materials are added, the smelting is ignited by electric arc or titanium powder ignition. After the smelting is completed, the slag is cooled at room temperature until the surface of the slag is solidified, and the smelting product is water quenched and dismantled. The alloy ingots obtained from the dismantling of the furnace are subjected to surface treatment such as sandblasting and shot blasting, and then post-processing such as finishing, crushing and screening is carried out to finally obtain smelting slag and vanadium aluminum alloy products that meet the composition and particle size requirements.

[0055] Example 4 Taking the preparation of AlV55 vanadium aluminum alloy as an example, the specific process includes the following steps: (1) In terms of weight percentage, vanadium oxide (V2O3 and V2O5 weight ratio of 2:8, purity of 99.6%, Fe and Si content of 0.05% and 0.04% respectively, particle size of 0.2~0.4mm) is divided into 6 parts according to the weight ratio of 2:2:2:2:2:1 (the weight of the 1st to 5th parts of vanadium oxide is the same), and aluminum particles (purity of 99.9%, particle size of 1~3mm) and lime (effective component CaO of 99.5% by weight, particle size of 0~0.1mm) required for the corresponding 6 parts of vanadium oxide are weighed in a gradient decreasing manner. The total amount of aluminum particles added is 1.00 times the theoretical amount of aluminum particles added (theoretical calculated value) (comprehensive aluminum matching coefficient = 1.00), and the total amount of lime added is 5.5% of the total amount of vanadium oxide added. The weight requirements of the 1st to 5th parts of aluminum particles are as follows: the weight of the 1st part is 1.4 times the theoretical value, the weight of the 2nd part is 1.2 times the theoretical value, the weight of the 3rd part is 1.0 times the theoretical value, the weight of the 4th part is 0.8 times the theoretical value, and the weight of the 5th part is 0.8 times the theoretical value; the weight requirements of the 1st to 5th parts of lime are as follows: the weight of the 1st part is 1.4 times the theoretical addition amount, the weight of the 2nd part is 1.0 times the theoretical addition amount, the weight of the 3rd part is 1.0 times the theoretical addition amount, the weight of the 4th part is 1.0 times the theoretical addition amount, and the weight of the 5th part is 0.8 times the theoretical addition amount. The weight of the 6th part is 0.8 times the theoretical value, and the weight of the 6th part is 1.4 times the theoretical addition amount.

[0056] (2) Mix 6 parts of vanadium oxide with 6 parts of aluminum particles and lime in sequence to obtain the first to sixth mixtures; after mixing, add the fifth mixture into the smelting furnace, flatten and compact it, and then add the fourth, third, second, first and sixth mixtures in sequence and flatten and compact them.

[0057] (3) After the materials are added, the smelting is ignited by electric arc or titanium powder ignition. After the smelting is completed, the slag is cooled at room temperature until the surface of the slag is solidified, and the smelting product is water quenched and dismantled. The alloy ingots obtained from the dismantling of the furnace are subjected to surface treatment such as sandblasting and shot blasting, and then post-processing such as finishing, crushing and screening is carried out to finally obtain smelting slag and vanadium aluminum alloy products that meet the composition and particle size requirements.

[0058] Example 5 Taking the preparation of AlV55 vanadium aluminum alloy as an example, the specific process includes the following steps: (1) In terms of weight percentage, vanadium oxide (V2O3 and V2O5 weight ratio of 2:8, purity of 99.6%, Fe and Si content of 0.05% and 0.04% respectively, particle size of 0.2~0.4mm) is divided into 6 parts according to the weight ratio of 2:2:2:2:2:1 (the weight of the 1st to 5th parts of vanadium oxide is the same), and aluminum particles (purity of 99.9%, particle size of 1~3mm) and lime (effective component CaO of 99.5% by weight, particle size of 0~0.1mm) required for the corresponding 6 parts of vanadium oxide are weighed in a gradient decreasing manner. The total amount of aluminum particles added is 1.04 times the theoretical amount of aluminum particles added (theoretical calculated value) (comprehensive aluminum matching coefficient = 1.04), and the total amount of lime added is 5.8% of the total amount of vanadium oxide added. The weight requirements of the 1st to 5th parts of aluminum particles are as follows: the weight of the 1st part is 1.6 times the theoretical value, the weight of the 2nd part is 1.3 times the theoretical value, the weight of the 3rd part is 1.0 times the theoretical value, the weight of the 4th part is 0.8 times the theoretical value, and the weight of the 5th part is 0.6 times the theoretical value; the weight requirements of the 1st to 5th parts of lime are as follows: the weight of the 1st part is 1.6 times the theoretical addition amount, the weight of the 2nd part is 1.0 times the theoretical addition amount, the weight of the 3rd part is 1.0 times the theoretical addition amount, the weight of the 4th part is 1.0 times the theoretical addition amount, and the weight of the 5th part is 1.0 times the theoretical addition amount. The weight of the 6th part is 0.8 times the theoretical value, and the weight of the 6th part is 1.6 times the theoretical addition amount.

[0059] (2) Mix 6 parts of vanadium oxide with 6 parts of aluminum particles and lime in sequence to obtain the first to sixth mixtures; after mixing, add the fifth mixture into the smelting furnace, flatten and compact it, and then add the fourth, third, second, first and sixth mixtures in sequence and flatten and compact them.

[0060] (3) After the materials are added, the smelting is ignited by electric arc or titanium powder ignition. After the smelting is completed, the slag is cooled at room temperature until the surface of the slag is solidified, and the smelting product is water quenched and dismantled. The alloy ingots obtained from the dismantling of the furnace are subjected to surface treatment such as sandblasting and shot blasting, and then post-processing such as finishing, crushing and screening is carried out to finally obtain smelting slag and vanadium aluminum alloy products that meet the composition and particle size requirements.

[0061] Comparative Example 1 The same vanadium oxide and corresponding ratio as in Example 1 are used, and the total amount of aluminum particles added is 1.00 times the theoretical amount of aluminum particles added (theoretical calculated value) and the total amount of lime added is 5.0% of the total amount of vanadium oxide added. After the above raw materials are fully mixed, they are put into the smelting furnace at one time for flattening and compacting, and smelting is carried out in the same ignition mode, while keeping the smelting and post-treatment conditions the same as in Example 1 to obtain a vanadium aluminum alloy product.

[0062] Test Example 1 The smelting slag TV and vanadium aluminum alloy components obtained in the examples and comparative examples were analyzed. The main technical indicators of the test examples 1 to 5 and comparative example 1 are shown in the table.

[0063] Among them, the calculation formula of vanadium smelting yield is: vanadium smelting yield = vanadium mass fraction in smelting slag × slag-gold ratio (0.87) ÷ alloy V content × 100%; The calculation formula of vanadium comprehensive yield is: vanadium comprehensive yield = alloy weight × alloy vanadium content ÷ raw material vanadium weight × 100% Sampling and testing method for V and Al content in vanadium-aluminum alloy: sampling is carried out at the upper, middle and lower positions along the center line of the alloy ingot, and testing is performed after sufficient crushing and mixing.

[0064]

[0065] It can be seen from the results in the above table that the method described in the present invention can reduce the TV content in the smelting slag and promote the slag-gold separation effect in the smelting process, thereby significantly improving the smelting yield and comprehensive yield of the vanadium-aluminum alloy product, and at the same time the V content of the alloy is improved to a certain extent.

[0066] The present invention can effectively realize two-way mass transfer in the aluminothermic reduction process and effective control of local slag characteristics by adopting gradient batching, layered distribution and heat control methods, thereby improving the thermodynamic conditions of the smelting process and achieving a significant increase in the vanadium-aluminum alloy smelting yield on the basis of ensuring product quality. The present invention has strong operability and broad prospects for promotion and application in the field of vanadium-aluminum alloy preparation technology.

[0067] The present invention can solve the technical problem of low smelting yield in the preparation process of vanadium-aluminum alloy without adding new equipment and raw material costs and ensuring product quality. After the implementation of the technology, it is conducive to the efficient preparation and high-quality utilization of vanadium alloy for non-steel use, and has significant social and economic benefits.

[0068] The above are exemplary embodiments disclosed in the present invention. The order disclosed in the above embodiments of the present invention is for description only and does not represent the advantages and disadvantages of the embodiments. However, it should be noted that the discussion of any of the above embodiments is only exemplary and is not intended to imply that the scope disclosed in the embodiments of the present invention (including the claims) is limited to these examples. Various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the scope defined in the claims. The functions, steps and / or actions of the method claims according to the disclosed embodiments described herein do not need to be performed in any particular order. In addition, although the elements disclosed in the embodiments of the present invention may be described or required in individual form, they may also be understood as multiple unless explicitly limited to the singular.

[0069] A person skilled in the art should understand that the discussion of any of the above embodiments is only exemplary and is not intended to imply that the scope of the disclosure of the embodiments of the present invention (including the claims) is limited to these examples; under the concept of the embodiments of the present invention, the technical features in the above embodiments or different embodiments can also be combined, and there are many other changes in different aspects of the embodiments of the present invention as described above, which are not provided in detail for the sake of simplicity. Therefore, any omissions, modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the embodiments of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for improving the smelting yield of vanadium-aluminum alloy, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Divide the vanadium oxide into N+1 parts according to a certain weight ratio, and weigh the reducing agent and slag-forming agent corresponding to the 1st to Nth parts of the vanadium oxide in a descending gradient manner, and weigh the reducing agent and slag-forming agent corresponding to the N+1th part of the vanadium oxide according to a preset addition amount; wherein 2≤N≤5, and N is an integer; S2, mixing N+1 parts of the vanadium oxide with corresponding N+1 parts of the reducing agent and the slag-forming agent in sequence to obtain the first mixed material, the second mixed material to the N+1th mixed material respectively; S3. After the mixing is completed, the Nth batch of mixed materials is added to the smelting furnace in sequence, and then the N-1th batch of mixed materials, the N-2th batch of mixed materials to the 1st batch of mixed materials are added in sequence, and finally the N+1th batch of mixed materials are added in sequence and leveled and compacted before the next batch of mixed materials can be added; S4. After the materials are added, ignition is carried out for smelting, and then cooling is carried out at room temperature. After the slag surface is solidified, water quenching is carried out to dismantle the furnace. The alloy ingots obtained by dismantling the furnace are subjected to surface treatment including sandblasting and shot blasting, and then post-treatment including finishing, crushing and screening is carried out to finally obtain a vanadium-aluminum alloy product that meets the composition and particle size requirements.

2. The method for improving the smelting yield of vanadium-aluminum alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The weight of the first to Nth reducing agents is: the weight of the first reducing agent is A times the theoretical value, where A ≥ 1.0; the weight of the i-th reducing agent is B times the theoretical value. i times, and B i ≥B i+1 , where 1<i<N, and i is an integer, 0.5≤B i ≤A; the weight of the Nth reducing agent is C times the theoretical value, where 0≤C≤B N-1 ; The weights of the 1st to Nth portions of slag-forming agent are: the weight of the 1st portion of slag-forming agent is a times the theoretical amount, where a≥1.0; the weight of the i-th portion of slag-forming agent is b times the theoretical amount, where 1<i≤N, and i is an integer, 0≤b≤1.

0.

3. The method for improving the smelting yield of vanadium-aluminum alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The weight of the N+1th portion of reducing agent is X times of the theoretical value, wherein X<1.0, and the weight of the N+1th portion of slag-forming agent is Y times of the theoretical addition amount, wherein Y>1.

0.

4. The method for improving the smelting yield of vanadium-aluminum alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vanadium oxides include V2O5 and V2O3, and the content of V2O5 is greater than the content of V2O3.

5. The method for improving the smelting yield of vanadium-aluminum alloy according to claim 4, characterized in that: The weight ratio of V2O5 and V2O3 charged into a single furnace is based on a unit charge heat of 3200-3400 kJ / kg.

6. The method for improving the smelting yield of vanadium-aluminum alloy according to claim 5, characterized in that: In terms of weight percentage, the purity of the vanadium oxide is ≥99.5%, and the contents of Fe and Si are ≤0.09%, with a particle size of ≤0.5 mm; the purity of the reducing agent is ≥99.8%, with a particle size of 1-3 mm; the content of effective ingredients in the slag-forming agent is ≥98.0%, with a particle size of ≤0.5 mm.

7. The method for improving the smelting yield of vanadium-aluminum alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The theoretical amount of reducing agent added is the sum of the theoretical amount of Al required for the reduction of vanadium oxide and the theoretical amount of Al required for the corresponding ratio of the generated vanadium aluminum alloy.

8. The method for improving the smelting yield of vanadium-aluminum alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The total amount of reducing agent added is 0.95 to 1.05 times the theoretical amount of reducing agent added.

9. The method for improving the smelting yield of vanadium-aluminum alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: In terms of weight percentage, the theoretical amount of the slag-forming agent added is 5-10% of the total amount of vanadium oxide added.

10. The method for improving the smelting yield of vanadium-aluminum alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The weights of the 1st to Nth portions of vanadium oxide are the same, and the weight of the N+1th portion of vanadium oxide is less than or equal to the weight of the 1st to Nth portions of vanadium oxide.

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