Herringbone tooth centering detection method

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of gear detection, in particular to a herringbone tooth centering detection method, which comprises the following steps of: selecting four measuring balls with consistent parameters, and measuring a herringbone tooth with an even number of teeth: respectively putting the two measuring balls into a first tooth groove of a left-handed tooth surface and a first tooth groove of a right-handed tooth surface, the other two measuring balls are respectively placed in the (m / 2) th tooth groove of the left-handed tooth surface and the right-handed tooth surface; connecting the central points of the two measuring balls on the same spiral tooth surface, and measuring an included angle between the connecting lines; the method comprises the following steps of: measuring a herringbone tooth with an odd number of teeth: respectively putting two measuring balls into first tooth grooves of a left-handed tooth surface and a right-handed tooth surface, respectively putting the other two measuring balls into (n + 1) / 2 tooth grooves of the left-handed tooth surface and the right-handed tooth surface, respectively connecting the central points of the two measuring balls positioned on the same-handed tooth surface, and measuring an included angle between the connecting lines; and if the measured included angle value is greater than the preset value, the herringbone teeth are not centered. By implementing the scheme, the detection cost of herringbone tooth centering detection is reduced, and the detection range is expanded.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of gear detection, and in particular to a herringbone gear alignment detection method. Background Art

[0002] The herringbone gear is composed of two helical gears with opposite rotation directions. Figure 1 As shown, the axial force attached to a single helical gear can be balanced during the herringbone gear transmission process. Herringbone gears have the characteristics of strong load-bearing capacity, small axial load, high transmission efficiency, and smooth transmission. Therefore, herringbone gear transmission is widely used in heavy machinery transmission systems such as forging equipment, petroleum machinery, and ships.

[0003] During and after the processing of herringbone gears, it is necessary to check the alignment of the left and right helical gears (measured at the cross section at the same distance from the wide outer end faces of the left and right helical gears). The commonly used method is three-coordinate measurement. Although the three-coordinate measurement has high accuracy, it has the following problems:

[0004] 1. High testing cost: First of all, the three-coordinate metrology system is expensive. The price of an imported system is tens of millions. For most ordinary processing companies, the purchase cost is too high, so more people will choose to outsource the testing. However, the cost of outsourced testing is usually high, generally 1,000 yuan / hour, and there are many additional costs, such as transportation fees, labor costs, etc.; secondly, the outsourced testing cycle is long. Due to the need for loading and unloading, transportation and queuing for testing, it usually takes 1 to 2 weeks.

[0005] 2. Limited detection range: Three-coordinate metrology systems of different models or series have different detection ranges, and cannot detect beyond this range. However, since the size range of herringbone gears is relatively wide, ranging from a few centimeters to 4 or 5 meters, companies specializing in the production of gears need to be equipped with several three-coordinate metrology systems with different detection ranges, which is too expensive.

[0006] Therefore, in order to solve the above problems, it is necessary to design a herringbone tooth detection method with low detection cost and wide detection range. Summary of the invention

[0007] The present invention aims to provide a method for detecting the centering of a herringbone gear, so as to reduce the detection cost of the centering detection of a herringbone gear and expand the effect of the detection range.

[0008] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a method for detecting the centering of a herringbone gear, comprising the following steps:

[0009] Prepare measuring balls: Select four measuring balls with the same parameters. The diameter of the measuring balls should be larger than the minimum spacing between adjacent tooth surfaces of the herringbone gear.

[0010] Measurement:

[0011] For the measurement of herringbone gear with an even number of teeth: let the number of teeth be m, put two measuring balls into the first tooth groove of the left-handed and right-handed tooth surfaces respectively, and put the other two measuring balls into the m / 2th tooth groove of the left-handed and right-handed tooth surfaces respectively; connect the center points of the two measuring balls on the same-handed tooth surfaces to obtain the first connecting line and the second connecting line, and measure the angle between the first connecting line and the second connecting line; when each measuring ball is placed in the corresponding tooth groove, the length of each measuring ball from the end face of the herringbone gear is the same.

[0012] For the measurement of herringbone gears with an odd number of teeth: let the number of teeth be n, place two measuring balls in the first tooth groove of the left-handed and right-handed tooth surfaces respectively, and place the other two measuring balls in the (n+1) / 2th tooth groove or the (n+3) / 2th tooth groove of the left-handed and right-handed tooth surfaces respectively, connect the center points of the two measuring balls on the same-handed tooth surfaces to obtain the third and fourth connecting lines, and measure the angle between the third and fourth connecting lines; when each measuring ball is placed in the corresponding tooth groove, the length of each measuring ball from the end face of the herringbone gear is the same.

[0013] Judgment: If the measured angle value is greater than the preset error value, the herringbone gear is not aligned.

[0014] Preferably, as an improvement, the measuring balls are used in conjunction with a detection fixture during use, and the positions of the four measuring balls are adjusted by driving the detection fixture.

[0015] Preferably, as an improvement, the detection tooling includes a support shaft, measuring mechanisms are provided at both ends of the support shaft, the measuring mechanism includes a measuring piece, the middle part of the measuring piece is rotatably connected to the support shaft, and opposite clamping joints are provided at both ends of the measuring piece, and the clamping joints are used to clamp the measuring ball.

[0016] Preferably, as an improvement, in the measuring step, the measuring ball is installed on the clamping joint, the supporting shaft of the detection tooling is inserted into the inner hole of the herringbone gear, and the measuring pieces at both ends are adjusted so that the four measuring balls are respectively located in the tooth grooves to be measured on the left-handed and right-handed tooth surfaces, and then the angle between the two measuring pieces is measured.

[0017] Preferably, as an improvement, any one of the measuring mechanisms is detachably connected to the support shaft.

[0018] Preferably, as an improvement, the support shaft is a telescopic structure.

[0019] Preferably, as an improvement, the card connector is slidably connected along the axial direction of the measuring piece.

[0020] Preferably, as an improvement, the card joints of the two measuring mechanisms on the same side are slidably connected to the measuring piece, and the other side is fixedly connected.

[0021] The beneficial effects of this program are as follows:

[0022] 1. It can realize online detection. The traditional three-coordinate measurement system is large and difficult to move. Therefore, it is necessary to manually transfer the herringbone gear to be tested to the three-coordinate measurement system for testing. However, since the detection tools involved in this method are mainly measuring balls, which have a compact structure and are flexible to move, the herringbone gear can be tested online at all stages of the processing process. Therefore, compared with the traditional three-coordinate measurement method, this solution does not require additional configuration of tooling for positioning the herringbone gear to be tested to cooperate with the detection. At the same time, it can also perform real-time online corrections based on the test results. In addition, more importantly, there is no need for a transfer process, which is a very significant improvement for the transportation of gears that are up to 4 or 5 meters long and weigh dozens of tons.

[0023] 2. Low testing cost: The tooling structure used in this method is simple. The testing tooling is mainly composed of common support shafts, measuring parts, measuring balls and other traditional mechanical parts. The tooling cost is only a few thousand yuan, which is significantly lower than the traditional three-coordinate measurement cost and is suitable for most gear processing companies. After using this solution, there is no need to outsource testing, which greatly shortens the testing cycle and testing costs.

[0024] 3. Wide detection range: In this solution, the position of the measuring ball can be adjusted flexibly, and the width and length of the configured detection tooling are designed to be adjustable, so herringbone gears of different thicknesses and outer diameters can be effectively detected.

[0025] 4. High detection accuracy: In this solution, the measuring ball is fixed by the detection fixture. Therefore, during the detection, the measuring ball will be stably stuck in the tooth groove to be tested, and will not undergo relative displacement under the action of external force, so as to ensure the accuracy of subsequent angle detection; at the same time, when detecting the misalignment angle of the herringbone teeth in the future, it is only necessary to measure the angle between the two measuring parts to accurately and intuitively draw conclusions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the herringbone tooth.

[0027] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram for measuring a herringbone gear with an even number of teeth.

[0028] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram for measuring a herringbone gear with an odd number of teeth.

[0029] Figure 4 for Figure 3 A simplified schematic diagram of .

[0030] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the detection tooling.

[0031] Figure 6 for Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the structure in the AA direction.

[0032] Figure 7 for Figure 5 Right view of . DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The following is further described in detail through specific implementation methods:

[0034] The reference numerals in the drawings of the specification include: herringbone gear 1, measuring ball 2, first connecting line 3, second connecting line 4, third connecting line 5, fourth connecting line 6, fifth connecting line 7, sixth connecting line 8, supporting shaft 9, measuring piece 10, and clamping joint 11.

[0035] Example 1

[0036] A method for detecting herringbone gear alignment comprises the following steps:

[0037] Prepare measuring ball 2: Select four measuring balls 2 with the same parameters. The diameter of measuring ball 2 is larger than the minimum spacing between adjacent tooth surfaces of herringbone gear 1, so that when measuring ball 2 is placed in the tooth groove, it fits both the left and right tooth surfaces of the tooth groove.

[0038] Measurement:

[0039] 1) Measurement of herringbone gear 1 with an even number of teeth: Figure 2 As shown, assuming that the number of teeth is m, this embodiment takes the number of teeth as 40 as an example, two measuring balls 2 are respectively placed in the first tooth groove of the left-handed and right-handed tooth surfaces, and then the other two measuring balls 2 are respectively placed in the m / 2th tooth groove of the left-handed and right-handed tooth surfaces, that is, the 20th tooth groove; the center points of the two measuring balls 2 located on the tooth surfaces of the same hand direction are respectively connected to obtain the first connecting line 3 and the second connecting line 4, and the angle A between the first connecting line 3 and the second connecting line 4 is measured. At this time, since the first connecting line 3 and the second connecting line 4 both pass through the axis of the herringbone tooth 1, the angle A is the misalignment angle of the herringbone tooth 1 along the tangent direction;

[0040] 2) Measurement of herringbone gear 1 with an odd number of teeth: Figure 3 As shown, assuming that the number of teeth is n, this embodiment takes the number of teeth as 19 as an example, two measuring balls 2 are placed in the first tooth groove of the left-handed and right-handed tooth surfaces, respectively, and the other two measuring balls 2 are placed in the (n+1) / 2th tooth groove or the (n+3) / 2th tooth groove of the left-handed and right-handed tooth surfaces, respectively. In this embodiment, the (n+1) / 2th tooth groove is used for illustration, i.e., the 10th tooth groove; the center points of the two measuring balls 2 located on the same-handed tooth surface are connected to obtain the third connecting line 5 and the fourth connecting line 6, and the angle α between the third connecting line 5 and the fourth connecting line 6 is measured. Then, the two measuring balls 2 located on the upper side of the herringbone gear 1 are connected to the axis of the herringbone gear 1 to obtain the fifth connecting line 7 and the sixth connecting line 8 which are parallel to each other, and the angle β between the fifth connecting line 7 and the sixth connecting line 8 is measured.

[0041] Since the third connecting line 5 and the fourth connecting line 6 do not pass through the axis of the herringbone gear 1, the angle α between the third connecting line 5 and the fourth connecting line 6 cannot be regarded as the misalignment angle of the herringbone gear 1.

[0042] Through further analysis, Figure 3 Simplify, make corresponding auxiliary lines, and mark each point to get Figure 4 ,according to Figure 4 The analysis is as follows:

[0043] Reason: ∠A1OB1=∠A2OB2 (the pitch of left-hand and right-hand teeth is equal)

[0044] 0A1=0B1=OA2=OB2(the distance from the center of the measuring ball to the axis of the part is equal)

[0045] So: ∠OA1B1=∠OA2B2

[0046] Because: ∠OCA1=∠B1CA2

[0047] So: ∠α=∠β

[0048] That is, the angle α is the tangential misalignment angle β of the left-right rotation of the herringbone gear 1.

[0049] Therefore, in actual detection, it is only necessary to measure the angle α between the third connecting line 5 and the fourth connecting line 6 to obtain the misalignment angle of the odd-numbered herringbone gear 1 .

[0050] Judgment: If the measured angle value exceeds the normal error range of the herringbone gear 1, the herringbone gear 1 is not aligned.

[0051] Example 2

[0052] Since the four measuring balls 2 are scattered during the detection operation, on the one hand, it is not easy to fix them during the actual detection, and on the other hand, there are inconveniences in the angle measurement process. For example, the accuracy of the connection line between the two measuring balls 2 depends entirely on the surveying and mapping experience of the surveyor, so its accuracy cannot be well controlled. Secondly, when measuring the angle, since the two connection lines are separated on both sides of the herringbone gear 1, the measurement operation is relatively difficult.

[0053] Therefore, in order to better improve the operability and accuracy of the measurement, the applicant has designed a detection tool in accordance with the above detection method, specifically as follows: Figure 5-Figure 7As shown, the detection tooling includes a support shaft 9, which is a telescopic structure, and can be specifically composed of two sleeves or sliders that slide against each other. The friction between the two sleeves is greater than the total weight of the sleeves and the measuring mechanism, so that when the two sleeves (support shafts 9) are adjusted to a suitable height and fixed, they will not fall back under the action of their gravity. Both ends of the support shaft 9 are provided with measuring mechanisms, one of which is rotatably connected to the support shaft 9, and the other is detachably connected to the support shaft 9 (in another embodiment, the measuring mechanism can also be rotated after being detachably connected). In this way, when it is necessary to detect the herringbone gear 1 to be tested, one of the measuring mechanisms is removed so that the support shaft 9 can be inserted into the inner hole of the herringbone gear 1, and then the measuring mechanism can be installed.

[0054] The measuring mechanism includes a measuring piece 10, the length of which is greater than the outer diameter of the herringbone gear 1 to be measured, and the middle part of the measuring piece 10 is rotatably connected to the support shaft 9, and can be specifically fitted on the support shaft 9 through a bearing or a clearance. Both ends of each measuring piece 10 are provided with a clamping joint 11 for clamping the measuring ball 2, the clamping joint 11 faces the axis of the support shaft 9, and the clamping joint 11 is axially slidably connected along the measuring piece 10. On the one hand, it is suitable for detecting herringbone gears 1 of different sizes to improve its versatility, and on the other hand, it is easy to install and adjust the position of the measuring ball 2, so that each measuring ball 2 is accurately located in the corresponding tooth groove and fixed, so as to avoid the measuring piece 10 from rotating under the action of external force and affecting the angle measurement result.

[0055] The detection method with the detection tooling is as follows:

[0056] Install the measuring ball 2 on the card joint 11, remove one of the measuring mechanisms, insert the support shaft 9 of the detection tool into the inner hole of the herringbone gear 1, reinstall the removed measuring mechanism, adjust the length of the support shaft 9 and the position of the sliding card joint 11, so that the four measuring balls 2 are respectively located in the corresponding tooth grooves of the left-hand and right-hand tooth surfaces, and then measure the angle between the two measuring pieces 10. If the angle is within the normal range, the centering degree of the herringbone gear 1 is qualified.

[0057] The above is only an embodiment of the present invention, and the common knowledge such as the known specific technical solutions and / or characteristics in the solution is not described in detail here. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the technical solution of the present invention, several modifications and improvements can be made, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicality of the patent. The scope of protection required by this application shall be based on the content of its claims, and the specific implementation methods and other records in the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for detecting the centering of a herringbone gear, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Prepare measuring balls: Select four measuring balls with the same parameters. The diameter of the measuring balls should be larger than the minimum spacing between adjacent tooth surfaces of the herringbone gear. Measurement: For the measurement of herringbone gears with an even number of teeth: let the number of teeth be m, put two measuring balls into the first tooth groove of the left-hand and right-hand tooth surfaces respectively, and put the other two measuring balls into the m / 2th tooth groove of the left-hand and right-hand tooth surfaces respectively; Connect the center points of two measuring balls located on the same rotating gear surface to obtain a first connecting line and a second connecting line, and measure the angle between the first connecting line and the second connecting line; For the measurement of herringbone gears with an odd number of teeth: let the number of teeth be n, place two measuring balls in the first tooth groove of the left-handed and right-handed tooth surfaces respectively, and place the other two measuring balls in the (n+1) / 2th tooth groove or (n+3) / 2th tooth groove of the left-handed and right-handed tooth surfaces respectively, connect the center points of the two measuring balls on the same-handed tooth surfaces to obtain the third and fourth connecting lines, and measure the angle between the third and fourth connecting lines; Judgment: If the measured angle value is greater than the preset error value, the herringbone gear is not aligned.

2. A herringbone gear alignment detection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The measuring balls are used in conjunction with the detection fixture when in use, and the positions of the four measuring balls are adjusted by driving the detection fixture.

3. A herringbone gear alignment detection method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The detection tooling comprises a supporting shaft, with measuring mechanisms provided at both ends of the supporting shaft. The measuring mechanism comprises a measuring piece, the middle part of the measuring piece is rotatably connected to the supporting shaft, and the two ends of the measuring piece are provided with clamping joints facing oppositely, and the clamping joints are used to clamp the measuring ball.

4. A herringbone gear alignment detection method according to claim 3, characterized in that: In the measurement step, the measuring ball is installed on the clamping joint, the supporting shaft of the detection tooling is inserted into the inner hole of the herringbone gear, and the measuring pieces at both ends are adjusted so that the four measuring balls are respectively located in the tooth grooves to be measured on the left-hand and right-hand tooth surfaces, and then the angle between the two measuring pieces is measured.

5. A herringbone gear alignment detection method according to claim 4, characterized in that: Any measuring mechanism is detachably connected to the supporting shaft.

6. A herringbone gear alignment detection method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The supporting shaft is a telescopic structure.

7. A herringbone gear alignment detection method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The card joint is slidably connected along the axial direction of the measuring piece.

8. A herringbone gear alignment detection method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The two measuring mechanisms are located at the same side of the card joint and the measuring piece in a sliding connection, and the other side is fixedly connected.

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