Integrated solar cell module

Abstract

The invention discloses an integrated solar cell module which comprises a five-junction solar cell composed of an ODR layer composed of an antireflection film, an epitaxial layer, a metal layer and a dielectric layer, a main grid and a welding spot, through holes are distributed in the dielectric layer, and the metal layer penetrates through the dielectric layer through the through holes to be connected with the epitaxial layer of the cell; a refraction structure layer made of a high-reflectivity material is arranged above a battery main grid and a welding spot, the refraction structure layer comprises a base and at least one pyramid structure fully distributed on the upper surface of the base, the lower surface and peripheral vertical surfaces of the base are smooth planes and are bonded above the welding spot of the battery through glue, and the multiple pyramid structures are tightly connected; a Fresnel lens layer for achieving deflection and convergence of light beams is erected above the antireflection film and the refraction structure layer, the area of a Fresnel lens is larger than that of the solar cell, and lens light spots completely fall within the range of the cell. The Fresnel lens, the refraction structure layer and the ODR layer are combined, so that the carrier density in the cell is improved, and the compounding proportion of non-radiation is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of solar cells, in particular to an integrated solar cell module. Background Art

[0002] The highest conversion efficiency of existing solar cells is 39.5% (AM0). Improving the efficiency of the cell itself is limited by many factors, such as crystal quality and material composition, and it is difficult to further improve the efficiency.

[0003] Existing batteries have limitations in their use of light: first, non-radiative recombination still accounts for a large proportion, and second, the upper electrode grid lines have a significant light-shielding effect. Traditional battery structures cannot improve the impact of these two parts, thus limiting the efficiency of the battery. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides an integrated solar cell module, which can efficiently utilize the solar spectrum and theoretically achieve a photoelectric conversion efficiency of more than 40%.

[0005] The present invention is implemented as follows: an integrated solar cell module includes an ODR layer composed of an anti-reflection film, an epitaxial layer, a metal layer and a dielectric layer, a main grid and a welding point consisting of a five-junction solar cell, the dielectric layer is covered with through holes, so that the metal layer penetrates the dielectric layer through the through holes and is connected to the cell epitaxial layer; a refractive structure layer of high reflectivity material is arranged above the cell main grid and the welding point, the refractive structure layer includes a base and at least one pyramid structure covering the upper surface of the base, the lower surface and surrounding facades of the base are smooth planes, and are bonded above the welding point of the cell by glue, and multiple pyramid structures are tightly connected; a Fresnel lens layer for realizing the deflection and convergence of the light beam is set above the anti-reflection film and the refractive structure layer, the area of ​​the Fresnel lens is larger than the area of ​​the solar cell, and the lens spot falls completely within the range of the cell.

[0006] The material of the Fresnel lens layer is PMMA or a glass-like transparent material, the thickness of the Fresnel lens layer is 0.5 to 5 mm, and the focal length of the lens is between 0.5 cm and 20 cm.

[0007] The refractive index of the refractive structure layer is not less than 1.5, and it is made of organic material or oxide material. The base and the pyramid are made of the same material. The base height H, the pyramid height Y, and the solder joint width L satisfy the following conditions: (H+Y)>0.5*L, H≥0, Y>0; the dihedral angle between the side surface of the pyramid and the lower surface of the base is greater than 50°, and the pyramid height ranges from 10 microns to 1 millimeter.

[0008] The organic material is PMMA; the oxide material is silicon oxide, titanium oxide or aluminum oxide.

[0009] The thickness of the dielectric layer is between 50 and 500 nm, and the dielectric material is oxide, NaYF4, PbS or PbSe, and the oxide is Al2O3, TiO2 or SiO2.

[0010] The diameter of the through holes on the dielectric layer is 100-500um, and the through hole spacing is 600um-5mm.

[0011] The support frame is made of light resin material.

[0012] The metal layer is composed of one or more metals selected from Au, Ge, Ag, Ti and Ni.

[0013] The anti-reflection film is a three-layer or four-layer anti-reflection film, and the material of the anti-reflection film is MgF2, Al2O3, TiO2 or SiO2; the epitaxial layer is a five-junction structure, and the materials from top to bottom are AlGaInP, AlGaAs, GaAs, InGaAsP / AlGaInAs, and InGaAs.

[0014] The advantages and technical effects of the present invention are as follows: the present invention aims at two limitations of the utilization of solar cells, breaks through the limitation of the single structure of the original cells, and combines the Fresnel lens, the refractive structure layer and the back reflection structure to increase the carrier density in the cell and reduce the proportion of non-radiative recombination; the refractive structure layer is used to deflect the light beam, so that the photons of the electrode grid line part can be utilized. With the above structure, the efficiency of the solar cell module is expected to exceed 40%. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the integrated solar cell module of the present invention;

[0016] Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the back reflection structure of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the refractive structure layer of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 4 It is a three-dimensional diagram of the refractive structure layer of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0020] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside" and "outside" etc., indicating directions or positional relationships, are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0021] In addition, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the quantity of the indicated technical features.

[0022] Thus, features defined as "first", "second", etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, "plurality" means two or more.

[0023] In the description of the invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installation", "connection" and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0024] The electrical devices, controllers, etc. described in the present invention are all conventionally configured, and the electrical connection method is also conventionally connected.

[0025] like Figure 1-4 As shown, the integrated solar cell module of the present invention comprises an ODR layer 6 composed of an anti-reflection film 5, an epitaxial layer 2, a metal layer 61 and a dielectric layer 62, a main grid and a welding point 3, and a five-junction solar cell. The dielectric layer 62 is covered with through holes 63, so that the metal layer 61 penetrates the dielectric layer 62 through the through holes and is connected to the cell epitaxial layer 2; a refractive structure layer of high reflectivity material is arranged above the cell main grid and the welding point 3, and the refractive structure layer 4 comprises a base 41 and at least one pyramid 42 structure covering the upper surface of the base, and the lower surface and surrounding facades of the base 41 are smooth planes, which are bonded above the welding point 3 of the cell by glue, and multiple pyramid 42 structures are tightly connected; a Fresnel lens layer 1 for realizing the deflection and convergence of the light beam is arranged above the anti-reflection film 5 and the refractive structure layer 4, and the area of ​​the Fresnel lens is larger than the area of ​​the solar cell, and the lens spot falls completely within the range of the cell.

[0026] Furthermore, the material of the Fresnel lens layer 1 is PMMA or a glass-like transparent material, the thickness of the Fresnel lens layer is 0.5 to 5 mm, and the focal length of the lens is between 0.5 cm and 20 cm.

[0027] Furthermore, the refractive index of the refractive structure layer 4 is not less than 1.5, and it is an organic material or an oxide material. The base 41 and the pyramid 42 are made of the same material. The base height H, the pyramid height Y, and the solder joint width L satisfy: (H+Y)>0.5*L, H≥0, Y>0; the dihedral angle between the side surface of the pyramid and the lower surface of the base 41 is greater than 50°, and the height range of the pyramid is 10 microns to 1 mm.

[0028] Preferably, the organic material is PMMA; and the oxide material is silicon oxide, titanium oxide or aluminum oxide.

[0029] Preferably, the dielectric layer 62 has a thickness between 50 and 500 nm, and the dielectric material is oxide, NaYF4, PbS or PbSe, and the oxide is Al2O3, TiO2 or SiO2.

[0030] Preferably, the diameter of the through holes 63 on the dielectric layer 62 is 100-500 um, and the through hole spacing is 600 um-5 mm.

[0031] Preferably, the support frame 7 is made of lightweight resin material.

[0032] The metal layer 61 is composed of one or more metals selected from Au, Ge, Ag, Ti, and Ni. The anti-reflection film 5 is a three-layer or four-layer anti-reflection film made of MgF2, Al2O3, TiO2, or SiO2; the epitaxial layer is a five-junction structure, and the materials from top to bottom are AlGaInP, AlGaAs, GaAs, InGaAsP, or AlGaInAs, InGaAs.

[0033] Specifically, the Fresnel lens layer 1 serves as the primary light field control layer, and its main purpose is to achieve the deflection and convergence of the light beam. The refractive structure layer 4 serves as the secondary light field control layer, and is located above the battery main grid and the welding point. 0.5~5mm, the material is PMMA or transparent materials such as glass, the focal length of the lens is between 0.5cm and 20cm, and the lens area is larger than the battery area. The refractive structure layer 4 is a high reflectivity material, and its refractive index is not less than 1.5. Its lower surface and surrounding facades are smooth planes, which are bonded above the battery welding point by glue; its upper surface is a pyramid structure, and the dihedral angle between the side of the pyramid structure and the lower surface (bottom) of the refractive layer is greater than 50 degrees. The height range of the pyramid is 10 microns to 1 mm, the pyramids are closely connected, and the pyramid structure covers the upper surface of the refractive layer. 11. The above-mentioned refractive structure layer, the pyramid structure is on the base, the base and the pyramid are made of the same material, and the base height H, pyramid height Y, and solder joint width L should satisfy: (H+Y)>0.5*L, H≥0, Y>0. Efficient photoelectric conversion can be achieved.

[0034] The first-level control layer is the Fresnel lens layer. After focusing, the open circuit voltage gain of the battery is nkt / q*ln(X), where X is the focusing multiple. If the open circuit voltage of a high-efficiency five-junction battery is 5.05V, when the focusing multiple reaches 20 times, that is, X=20. The voltage corresponding to the five junctions is increased to 0.54V, and the voltage gain is 10.7%. Assuming that the reflectivity caused by the Fresnel lens increases by 5%, the actual gain is (1+10.7%)*(1-5%)=105.1%, that is, the final gain is 105.1%, and the absolute value of the battery efficiency will increase by 2%. If the focusing multiple reaches 30 times, the gain will increase to 106.7%, and the absolute value of the battery efficiency will increase by 2.5%.

[0035] The secondary regulation is the refractive structure layer, which is a series of periodically arranged tetrahedral structures. The metamaterial is laid on the electrode welding points and the main grid position, and its main purpose is to achieve the deflection of the light beam. In the battery, the area of ​​the main grid and the welding point accounts for about 2% of the total area, so a 2% current gain can be obtained.

[0036] The ODR layer on the back surface of the battery forms a highly reflective structure on the back of the battery, which can reduce the base area of ​​the bottom battery, so that the battery voltage is further increased by about 50mV, that is, the absolute efficiency is increased by about 1.5%. The above three parts are superimposed, and the overall conversion efficiency is increased by 4%.

[0037] between.

[0038] Example

[0039] The five-junction solar cell is prepared by semiconductor direct bonding technology. The cell size is 2mm×2mm. The cell welding point is led out by wires. The cell is placed on the test bench.

[0040] A 3cm×3cm Fresnel lens is placed above the battery, and the focal length of the lens is 3cm.

[0041] The height of the Fresnel lens was adjusted so that the light spot completely fell within the battery area. The distance from the bottom of the Fresnel lens to the test table was measured to be 2.2 cm.

[0042] The lens is supported by four lightweight plastic rods with a height of 2.2 cm and a diameter of 2 mm.

[0043] Purchase or process 8 pieces of silicon oxide granular materials with a height of 2mm, a ground size of 1mm×1mm, a battery welding point size of 2mm×4mm, and use 8 structures to fill the welding points. Figure 3 In the figure, A represents incident light and B represents reflected light.

[0044] The above structure was placed under the AM0 solar spectrum for testing, and the maximum output power of the battery was finally measured to be 480W, with an efficiency of 35.5% (AM0). If the battery efficiency can reach more than 36%, then the battery efficiency is expected to increase to more than 40% after using the new high-efficiency integrated solar cell structure.

[0045] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An integrated solar cell module, comprising a five-junction solar cell consisting of an anti-reflection film (5), an epitaxial layer (2), an ODR layer (6) composed of a metal layer (61) and a dielectric layer (62), a main grid and a welding point (3), characterized in that: The dielectric layer (62) is covered with through holes (63), so that the metal layer (61) passes through the dielectric layer (62) through the through holes and is connected to the battery epitaxial layer (2); a refractive structure layer of high reflectivity material is arranged above the battery main grid and the welding point (3); the refractive structure layer (4) comprises a base (41) and at least one pyramid (42) structure covering the upper surface of the base; the lower surface and surrounding vertical surfaces of the base (41) are smooth planes, and are bonded to the welding point (3) of the battery by glue, and the multiple pyramid (42) structures are tightly connected; a Fresnel lens layer (1) for realizing the deflection and convergence of the light beam is arranged above the anti-reflection film (5) and the refractive structure layer (4); the area of ​​the Fresnel lens is larger than the area of ​​the solar cell, and the lens spot falls completely within the range of the cell.

2. The integrated solar cell module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material of the Fresnel lens layer (1) is PMMA or a glass-like transparent material, the thickness of the Fresnel lens layer is 0.5 to 5 mm, and the focal length of the lens is between 0.5 cm and 20 cm.

3. The integrated solar cell module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The refractive index of the refractive structure layer (4) is not less than 1.5 and is made of an organic material or an oxide material. The base (41) and the pyramid (42) are made of the same material. The base height H, the pyramid height Y, and the solder joint width L satisfy the following conditions: (H+Y)>0.5*L, H≥0, Y>0; the dihedral angle between the side surface of the pyramid and the lower surface of the base (41) is greater than 50°, and the pyramid height ranges from 10 micrometers to 1 millimeter.

4. The integrated solar cell module according to claim 3, characterized in that: The organic material is PMMA; the oxide material is silicon oxide, titanium oxide or aluminum oxide.

5. The integrated solar cell module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dielectric layer (62) has a thickness between 50 and 500 nm, and the dielectric material is oxide, NaYF4, PbS or PbSe, and the oxide is Al2O3, TiO2 or SiO2.

6. The integrated solar cell module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diameter of the through holes (63) on the dielectric layer (62) is 100 to 500 um, and the through hole spacing is 600 um to 5 mm.

7. The integrated solar cell module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The support frame (7) is made of lightweight resin material.

8. The integrated solar cell module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The metal layer (61) is composed of one or more metals selected from the group consisting of Au, Ge, Ag, Ti and Ni.

9. The integrated solar cell module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anti-reflection film (5) is a three-layer or four-layer anti-reflection film, and the anti-reflection film material is MgF2, Al2O3, TiO2 or SiO2; the epitaxial layer is a five-junction structure, and from top to bottom are AlGaInP, AlGaAs, GaAs, InGaAsP / AlGaInAs, InGaAs materials.

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