Method for accelerating rice breeding process based on LED illumination

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for accelerating a rice breeding process based on LED illumination, and belongs to the technical field of agriculture. According to the precise regulation and control method based on LED illumination, an LED spectrum combination and photoperiod scheme suitable for different growth stages of rice is designed, in combination with optimization of illumination intensity, uniformity and dynamic spectrum, rapid growth, blooming and fruiting of plants are effectively promoted, the photosynthesis efficiency is improved, high-yield and high-quality rice cultivation is finally achieved, and the method is suitable for large-scale popularization and application. Through dynamic spectrum regulation and control, accurate temperature and humidity adjustment and multi-generation rapid screening processes, the growth cycle of rice is greatly shortened, meanwhile, accurate nutrition supply is combined, plants with target characters are rapidly screened out, the breeding efficiency is improved, and through linkage optimization of illumination, temperature and humidity and nutrition regulation and control and combination of an automatic irrigation technology, the breeding efficiency is improved. Manual intervention and management errors are remarkably reduced, the environment control precision is improved, and the method has high adaptability and expansibility and can be widely applied to phytotron planting of other crops.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of agriculture, and in particular to a method for accelerating the rice breeding process based on LED lighting. Background Art

[0002] As one of the world's major food crops, improving rice yield and quality is of great significance to agricultural production.

[0003] However, traditional rice breeding methods have a long cycle and are significantly restricted by natural environmental conditions, especially in terms of the difficulty in accurately optimizing the control of key growth parameters such as light, temperature and humidity. In addition, the utilization rate of germplasm resources in traditional breeding processes is low, and the efficiency of target trait screening is not high, which further restricts breeding efficiency and effectiveness.

[0004] In recent years, with the rapid development of artificial light source technology, LED light sources have been widely used in plant factories and artificial climate chambers due to their high efficiency, energy saving, adjustable spectrum, and long life. However, how to combine the precise control technology of spectrum, photoperiod and environmental factors according to the needs of different growth stages of rice to accelerate the rice breeding process and improve the efficiency of target trait screening is still a technical problem that needs to be solved urgently. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for accelerating the rice breeding process based on LED lighting to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for accelerating rice breeding process based on LED lighting, comprising the following steps:

[0007] Select appropriate rice varieties and experimental environment, determine breeding goals, select rice varieties as experimental materials according to the breeding goals, the breeding goals include disease resistance, high yield and stress resistance, set up a planting system in the artificial climate chamber and control the experimental environment, the planting system is regulated by the environmental control system, the screening process is optimized, the breeding direction is clear, the experimental efficiency is improved, the representativeness and stability of the experimental materials are guaranteed, and a controllable planting system is constructed in the artificial climate chamber to provide a standardized platform for the experiment and reduce interference from external factors;

[0008] Design LED spectrum combination and photoperiod scheme, adjust the lighting scheme according to the light requirements of rice at different growth stages, improve photosynthetic efficiency, promote the expression of photoperiod-sensitive traits, and provide the optimal light environment required for rice growth;

[0009] Precisely control the light intensity and uniformity, adjust the distance and power of LED lights, control the light intensity and evenly distribute the light, ensure that the light intensity at each stage meets the needs of rice, all plants are evenly illuminated, and improve the consistency of the experiment;

[0010] Adjust temperature and humidity conditions in coordination with lighting. Combined with lighting schemes, adjust temperature and humidity conditions in coordination at each growth stage to simulate the optimal growth environment, dynamically optimize the growth environment, and adjust temperature and humidity as the stage switches to ensure that the rice is always in the optimal conditions from germination to fruiting.

[0011] Dynamic spectrum regulation promotes rapid flowering and fruiting. Dynamic spectrum changes are used during the reproductive growth period to stimulate rice to quickly complete the flowering and fruiting process, accelerate the flowering process, increase the proportion of far-red light during the heading period to stimulate rapid heading, shorten the reproductive growth period, control the fruiting quality, improve breeding efficiency, and use dynamic spectrum to accelerate the completion of a complete growth cycle and shorten the breeding time.

[0012] Light and nutrition regulation are linked and optimized. Combined with the lighting plan, nutrient supply is adjusted dynamically. The frequency of nutrient solution replacement is consistent with the change of light intensity, which optimizes resource utilization. Accurate light and nutrient regulation plans help to select plants with better target traits.

[0013] Rapidly screen breeding target traits, use LED lighting conditions to accelerate the growth cycle, select plants with target traits multiple times, and conduct multiple rounds of screening. By accelerating the growth cycle of rice, multiple generations of experiments can be completed in a shorter period of time, which improves screening efficiency and helps to screen out excellent individuals that meet breeding goals. Through dynamic regulation and screening optimization, the inheritance of excellent traits can be stabilized and the breeding cycle of new varieties can be shortened.

[0014] Furthermore, the selection of suitable rice varieties and experimental environment specifically includes the following steps:

[0015] Clarify breeding objectives, including but not limited to disease resistance, high yield and stress resistance, select germplasm resources with target traits from the breeding material library, ensure that the seed purity is greater than 95%, and provide high-quality basic materials for breeding experiments;

[0016] The selected varieties were preliminarily identified, and the selected seeds were surface disinfected by treating them with 0.1% mercuric chloride solution for 10 minutes and then rinsing them with clean water three times. The preliminary identification and surface disinfection steps reduced the interference of diseases and bacteria on the experiment.

[0017] Arrange the planting system in the artificial climate chamber and adjust the initial experimental environment parameters;

[0018] The initial temperature was set at 25±2℃, the stable error range was controlled at ±1℃, the initial relative humidity was set at 60%-70%, and an ultrasonic humidifier was used to maintain humidity. The temperature and humidity were precisely controlled by an ultrasonic humidifier and environmental monitoring equipment to optimize seed germination conditions. Indoor interfering light sources other than the LED light source required for the experiment were removed to ensure the consistency of the experimental environment lighting and improve data reliability.

[0019] Installing environmental monitoring equipment in the planting system, the environmental monitoring equipment including temperature and humidity sensors, CO2 concentration monitors and photometers;

[0020] Evenly spread the culture matrix in the prepared planting container, control the matrix humidity at 50%-60% to ensure uniform seed germination and improve experimental consistency, evenly sow the treated seeds, control the sowing density in each container at 100-120 seeds per square meter, cover with a layer of matrix with a thickness of 0.5-1cm and lightly compact.

[0021] Furthermore, the planting system includes a planting container, an irrigation system and a culture matrix;

[0022] Among them, the planting container adopts a rectangular container with a depth of not less than 15 cm, and the spacing between each container is at least 10 cm. The container with a depth of not less than 15 cm and an automatic drip irrigation system are used to achieve accurate water supply and reduce water waste. The irrigation system adopts an automatic drip irrigation system, and the hourly flow rate is set to 0.5-1L. The culture matrix uses a mixed matrix, which is composed of peat soil, vermiculite and perlite in a volume ratio of 3:1:1, which improves the water retention and air permeability of the matrix, which is beneficial to seed germination and seedling growth.

[0023] Furthermore, the design of LED spectrum combination and photoperiod solution specifically includes:

[0024] The lighting scheme includes LED spectrum combination, red and blue light ratio and photoperiod parameters, and the photoperiod and light intensity are adjusted according to the needs of different stages to save energy and achieve the best photosynthesis effect;

[0025] Choose tunable spectrum LED lights, including red light, blue light and far red light, where the wavelength of red light is 620-660nm, the wavelength of blue light is 450-470nm, and the wavelength of far red light is 720-740nm;

[0026] During the germination period, the spectral combination was controlled to be mainly red light, the red-blue light ratio was controlled to be 80% red light and 20% blue light, the photoperiod was 12 hours light / 12 hours dark, and the light intensity was set to 100-150 μmol / m 2 / s, promote seed germination;

[0027] During the vegetative growth phase, the proportion of blue light was increased in the spectrum combination, the red-blue light ratio was controlled to 50% red light and 50% blue light, the photoperiod was adjusted to 14 hours of light / 10 hours of darkness, and the light intensity was increased to 200-250 μmol / m 2 / s, promote the development of plant stems and leaves;

[0028] During the reproductive growth stage, far-red light was added to the spectral combination, the red-blue light ratio was controlled to 60% red light, 30% blue light and 10% far-red light, the photoperiod was adjusted to 16 hours of light / 8 hours of darkness, and the light intensity was set to 300-350 μmol / m 2 / s, improving heading and fruiting efficiency.

[0029] Furthermore, the precise control of light intensity and uniformity further includes the following steps:

[0030] During the germination stage, the distance between the LED light and the top of the plant was set to 30 ± 2 cm;

[0031] During the vegetative growth stage, gradually reduce the distance between the LED light and the top of the plant to 20±2cm;

[0032] During the reproductive growth stage, the distance between the LED light and the top of the plant was further adjusted to 15 ± 2 cm;

[0033] Use a measuring ruler to record the plant height every 5 days, and adjust the lamp distance in real time according to the plant growth, keeping the lamp distance deviation within ±2cm;

[0034] The light intensity is measured by a photon meter, and the light intensity data is recorded once an hour and uploaded to the environmental control system in real time. The light intensity error range is controlled within ±10μmol / m 2 / s or less;

[0035] Install a polycarbonate diffuser with a high transmittance of 90% or more under the LED light. The thickness of the diffuser is 2-3mm. The polycarbonate diffuser can reduce the hot spot effect of direct light, ensure that all parts of the plant receive light evenly, and promote overall growth balance.

[0036] Detect the light intensity distribution in each area of ​​the planting container, collect the light intensity at 20 random points, record the mean and standard deviation, and if the standard deviation of the light intensity distribution exceeds ±10 μmol / m 2 / s, adjust the angle and position of the diffuser, adjust the lamp distance and the diffuser angle in real time, and improve the consistency of experimental data.

[0037] Furthermore, the adjusting of temperature and humidity conditions in coordination with light further includes the following steps:

[0038] According to the needs of each growth stage of rice, set the corresponding temperature and humidity target values ​​and allowable deviation range;

[0039] During the germination period, the target temperature is set at 25°C, with an allowable deviation of ±1°C, and the target humidity is set at 80%-90%. The humidity is adjusted by an ultrasonic humidifier. High humidity during the germination period promotes rapid water absorption and germination of seeds.

[0040] During the vegetative growth stage, the daytime temperature target is 28°C, the nighttime temperature target is 22°C, the allowable deviation range is ±2°C, and the humidity target is set at 65%-75%. The temperature difference between day and night during the vegetative growth stage simulates the natural environment to improve the plant's adaptability.

[0041] During the reproductive growth stage, the target temperature during the day is 30°C, the target temperature at night is 25°C, the allowable deviation range is ±2°C, and the target humidity is set at 50%-60%. During the reproductive growth period, lower humidity is controlled to reduce disease risks and promote grain maturity.

[0042] Real-time monitoring is performed through temperature sensors and humidity sensors. Data is collected every 30 minutes and transmitted to the environmental control system. If the deviation is found to exceed the allowable range, the operating parameters of the temperature and humidity equipment are automatically adjusted. The temperature and humidity change data are recorded every week. The operating parameters of the equipment are monitored in real time and automatically adjusted to improve the accuracy and stability of the experimental environment.

[0043] When switching between the germination period, vegetative growth period and reproductive growth period, gradually adjust the temperature and humidity parameters.

[0044] Furthermore, the dynamic spectrum regulation promotes rapid flowering and fruiting, and specifically includes the following steps:

[0045] At the heading stage on the 50th day of growth, increase the proportion of far-red light to 20% and shorten the photoperiod to 12 hours to promote heading and flowering speed;

[0046] Seven days after flowering, gradually reduce far-red light and restore the photoperiod to 16 hours to maintain the lighting conditions during the fruiting period. After flowering, gradually reduce far-red light and extend the photoperiod to ensure the quality and quantity of grain formation.

[0047] Observe the inflorescence and grain development regularly.

[0048] Furthermore, the linkage optimization of light and nutrition regulation specifically includes the following steps:

[0049] During the germination stage, provide low-nitrogen and high-phosphorus nutrient solution to promote root development;

[0050] During the vegetative growth phase, increase the nitrogen fertilizer supply and control the nitrogen concentration at 100-150ppm to support rapid stem and leaf growth;

[0051] During the reproductive growth stage, reduce nitrogen fertilizer, increase the ratio of potassium fertilizer and phosphorus fertilizer, and control the potassium concentration at 200-250ppm to promote grain filling and maturity.

[0052] Furthermore, when controlling the nutritional regulation at each stage, the frequency of nutrient solution replacement is kept consistent with the change in light intensity, and the frequency of nutrient solution replacement is synchronized with the change in light intensity to prevent excessive or insufficient nutrients and improve nutrient utilization efficiency.

[0053] Furthermore, the rapid screening of breeding target traits specifically includes the following steps:

[0054] After each generation of growth is completed, phenotypic data are collected, including plant height, leaf area, heading time, and grain number, and the achievement of breeding goals is accurately evaluated through phenotypic data such as plant height, leaf area, heading time, and grain number;

[0055] Analyze the correlation between genetic traits and light response to help optimize breeding parameters;

[0056] For plants with excellent performance, seeds are collected and the next generation is cultivated. The light optimization breeding process is repeated, and 3-5 generations of screening are carried out. Multi-generation cycle screening and optimization are carried out to stabilize the genetic target traits and achieve rapid breeding of excellent varieties.

[0057] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0058] 1. The present invention optimizes the LED spectrum combination and photoperiod scheme, accurately regulates the light intensity, uniformity and dynamic spectrum changes according to the light requirements of rice in different growth stages, promotes rapid growth, flowering and fruiting of plants, thereby significantly improving rice yield and grain quality. At the same time, combined with the precise allocation of nutrient solution, it achieves healthy plant growth, significantly improves leaf photosynthesis efficiency and grain plumpness, and effectively improves the agronomic traits of rice.

[0059] 2. The present invention significantly shortens the breeding cycle of rice through dynamic spectral regulation, especially the adjustment of far-infrared light during the reproductive growth period, and cooperates with the temperature and humidity conditions of light optimization. While quickly completing the flowering and fruiting of rice, the present invention utilizes multiple generations of rapid screening and optimization processes to greatly improve the breeding efficiency, providing technical guarantee for the rapid cultivation of highly resistant and high-yield rice varieties.

[0060] 3. The present invention adopts an intelligent environmental control system to achieve the linkage optimization of light, temperature, humidity and nutrition regulation. Combined with automated irrigation technology, it reduces the errors and workload of traditional manual management. It can flexibly adjust environmental parameters according to the needs of different growth stages and has strong adaptability. It can not only accelerate the breeding process, but also can be promoted and applied to the artificial climate chamber cultivation of other crops. It has wide applicability and promotion value. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0061] Figure 1 The figure is a schematic flow chart of the method for accelerating the rice breeding process based on LED lighting of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0062] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0063] Example 1

[0064] like Figure 1 As shown, the method for accelerating rice breeding process based on LED lighting in this embodiment includes the following steps:

[0065] Select appropriate rice varieties and experimental environment, determine breeding goals, and select rice varieties as experimental materials according to the breeding goals. Breeding goals include disease resistance, high yield and stress resistance. Set up a planting system in the artificial climate chamber and control the experimental environment. The planting system is regulated by the environmental control system. Optimize the screening process for goals such as disease resistance, high yield and stress resistance to ensure a clear breeding direction and improve experimental efficiency. Select high-quality rice germplasm from the germplasm resource bank to ensure the representativeness and stability of experimental materials. Build a controllable planting system in the artificial climate chamber and maintain a stable environment through the environmental control system to provide a standardized platform for the experiment and reduce interference from external factors.

[0066] Design LED spectrum combination and photoperiod scheme, adjust the lighting scheme according to the light requirements of rice at different growth stages, optimize the spectrum ratio according to the light requirements of rice at different growth stages, improve photosynthetic efficiency, set specific photoperiods at different stages, conform to the laws of the biological clock, promote the expression of photoperiod-sensitive traits, use adjustable spectrum LED lamps to reduce energy waste, and provide the optimal light environment required for rice growth;

[0067] Precisely control the intensity and uniformity of light, adjust the distance and power of LED lights, control the light intensity and make the light evenly distributed, adjust the distance of lights in real time according to the growth height of plants, ensure that the light intensity at each stage meets the needs of rice, install polycarbonate diffuser to reduce hot spot effect, ensure that all plants are evenly illuminated, improve experimental consistency, use photometer and environmental control system to monitor light intensity in real time, and control the deviation within ±10μmol / m 2 / s, which helps to accurately execute the experimental design;

[0068] Adjust temperature and humidity conditions in conjunction with lighting. Combined with lighting schemes, adjust temperature and humidity conditions in each growth stage to simulate the optimal growth environment. At different growth stages, meet the different growth needs of rice, dynamically optimize the growth environment, and adjust temperature and humidity as the stage switches to ensure that the process from germination to fruiting of rice is always in the optimal conditions. Low humidity during the reproductive growth period reduces the probability of disease and promotes healthy maturity of grains.

[0069] Dynamic spectrum regulation promotes rapid flowering and fruiting. Dynamic spectrum changes are used during the reproductive growth period to stimulate rice to quickly complete the flowering and fruiting process, accelerate the flowering process, increase the proportion of far-red light during the heading period to stimulate rapid heading, shorten the reproductive growth period, and control the fruiting quality. During the fruiting period, the photoperiod is restored to 16 hours to stabilize grain development, ensure grain quantity and quality, improve breeding efficiency, and use dynamic spectrum to accelerate the completion of a complete growth cycle and shorten breeding time.

[0070] Lighting and nutrition regulation are linked and optimized. Combined with lighting schemes, nutrient supply is adjusted dynamically. Phased nutrient supply: low nitrogen and high phosphorus in the germination period promote root development, high nitrogen in the vegetative growth period supports stem and leaf growth, and high potassium and high phosphorus in the reproductive growth period ensures full grain. The frequency of nutrient solution replacement is consistent with the change of light intensity, optimizing resource utilization and reducing waste. Accurate lighting and nutrient regulation schemes help screen out plants with better target traits.

[0071] Rapidly screen breeding target traits, use LED lighting conditions to accelerate the growth cycle, and then select plants with target traits multiple times. Through multiple rounds of screening, the growth cycle of rice can be accelerated to complete multiple generations of experiments in a shorter period of time, thereby improving screening efficiency. Based on phenotypic data and genetic trait analysis such as plant height, leaf area, and heading time, it helps to screen out excellent individuals that meet the breeding goals. Through dynamic regulation and screening optimization, the inheritance of excellent traits can be stabilized and the breeding cycle of new varieties can be shortened.

[0072] In the above embodiment, by adopting suitable rice varieties and experimental environments, and regulating light, temperature and humidity conditions and nutrient supply through an environmental control system in an artificial climate chamber, rice can obtain the optimal growth environment at different growth stages. The LED spectrum combination and photoperiod adjustment in this solution can significantly improve the efficiency of plant photosynthesis, thereby shortening the growth cycle of rice and quickly realizing the screening of breeding target traits. In addition, by accurately controlling the intensity and uniformity of light, combined with dynamic spectrum regulation, the flowering and fruiting processes during the reproductive growth period are further optimized, effectively improving the breeding efficiency and consistency of results, providing a comprehensive light regulation solution for the entire process of rice breeding, significantly shortening the rice breeding cycle by more than 30% compared with traditional methods, increasing the accuracy and stability of breeding results, and laying a reliable experimental foundation for subsequent breeding.

[0073] Example 2

[0074] In order to further solve the problems in the prior art that the target traits in the experimental materials may be unstable due to the lack of targeted screening, increasing the probability of breeding failure, the traditional field experiments are easily disturbed by natural conditions such as climate and light, resulting in poor repeatability of experimental results, the seed treatment steps are not standardized, which is easy to affect the germination rate and initial growth stability, and the planting density and substrate humidity control in the existing experimental methods are not accurate, which is easy to cause uneven growth. This embodiment optimizes the steps of selecting suitable rice varieties and experimental environments, designing LED spectrum combinations and photoperiod schemes, and accurately controlling light intensity and uniformity. The specific optimization contents are as follows:

[0075] Selecting a suitable rice variety and experimental environment also includes the following steps:

[0076] Clarify breeding goals, including but not limited to disease resistance, high yield and stress resistance, select germplasm resources with target traits from the breeding material library, ensure that the seed purity is greater than 95%, and provide high-quality basic materials for breeding experiments;

[0077] The selected varieties were preliminarily identified, and the selected seeds were surface disinfected by treating them with 0.1% mercuric chloride solution for 10 minutes and then rinsing them with clean water three times. The preliminary identification and surface disinfection steps reduced the interference of diseases and bacteria on the experiment.

[0078] Arrange a planting system in the artificial climate chamber, the planting system including planting containers, irrigation system and culture medium;

[0079] Among them, the planting container adopts a rectangular container with a depth of not less than 15 cm, and the spacing between each container is at least 10 cm. The container with a depth of not less than 15 cm and the automatic drip irrigation system are used to achieve accurate water supply and reduce water waste. The irrigation system adopts an automatic drip irrigation system with an hourly flow rate of 0.5-1L. The culture matrix uses a mixed matrix, which is composed of peat soil, vermiculite and perlite in a volume ratio of 3:1:1, which improves the water retention and air permeability of the matrix, which is conducive to seed germination and seedling growth;

[0080] The initial experimental environment parameters were adjusted, the initial temperature was set to 25±2℃, the stable error range was controlled within ±1℃, the initial relative humidity was set to 60%-70%, and an ultrasonic humidifier was used to maintain humidity. The temperature and humidity were precisely controlled by an ultrasonic humidifier and environmental monitoring equipment to optimize seed germination conditions. In addition to the LED light source required for the experiment, indoor interfering light sources other than the LED light source required for the experiment were removed to ensure the consistency of the experimental environment lighting and improve data reliability.

[0081] Install environmental monitoring equipment in the planting system, including temperature and humidity sensors, CO2 concentration monitors and photometers;

[0082] Evenly spread the culture matrix in the prepared planting container, control the matrix humidity at 50%-60% to ensure uniform seed germination and improve experimental consistency, evenly sow the treated seeds, control the sowing density in each container at 100-120 seeds per square meter, cover with a layer of matrix with a thickness of 0.5-1cm and lightly compact.

[0083] Design LED spectrum combination and photoperiod solution, including:

[0084] The lighting scheme includes LED spectrum combination, red and blue light ratio and photoperiod parameters. The photoperiod and light intensity are adjusted according to the needs of different stages to save energy and achieve the best photosynthesis effect;

[0085] Choose tunable spectrum LED lights, including red light, blue light and far red light, where the wavelength of red light is 620-660nm, the wavelength of blue light is 450-470nm, and the wavelength of far red light is 720-740nm;

[0086] During the germination period, the spectral combination was controlled to be mainly red light, the red-blue light ratio was controlled to be 80% red light and 20% blue light, the photoperiod was 12 hours light / 12 hours dark, and the light intensity was set to 100-150 μmol / m 2 / s, promote seed germination;

[0087] During the vegetative growth phase, the proportion of blue light was increased in the spectrum combination, the red-blue light ratio was controlled to 50% red light and 50% blue light, the photoperiod was adjusted to 14 hours of light / 10 hours of darkness, and the light intensity was increased to 200-250 μmol / m 2 / s, promote the development of plant stems and leaves;

[0088] During the reproductive growth stage, far-red light was added to the spectral combination, the red-blue light ratio was controlled to 60% red light, 30% blue light and 10% far-red light, the photoperiod was adjusted to 16 hours of light / 8 hours of darkness, and the light intensity was set to 300-350 μmol / m 2 / s, improving heading and fruiting efficiency.

[0089] Precisely control the light intensity and uniformity, including the following steps:

[0090] During the germination stage, the distance between the LED light and the top of the plant was set to 30 ± 2 cm;

[0091] During the vegetative growth stage, gradually reduce the distance between the LED light and the top of the plant to 20±2cm;

[0092] During the reproductive growth stage, the distance between the LED light and the top of the plant was further adjusted to 15 ± 2 cm;

[0093] Use a measuring ruler to record the plant height every 5 days, and adjust the lamp distance in real time according to the plant growth, keeping the lamp distance deviation within ±2cm;

[0094] The light intensity is measured by a photon meter, and the light intensity data is recorded once an hour and uploaded to the environmental control system in real time. The light intensity error range is controlled within ±10μmol / m 2 / s or less;

[0095] Install a polycarbonate diffuser with a high transmittance of 90% or more under the LED light. The thickness of the diffuser is 2-3mm. The polycarbonate diffuser can reduce the hot spot effect of direct light, ensure that all parts of the plant receive light evenly, and promote overall growth balance.

[0096] Detect the light intensity distribution in each area of ​​the planting container, collect the light intensity at 20 random points, record the mean and standard deviation, and if the standard deviation of the light intensity distribution exceeds ±10 μmol / m 2 / s, adjust the angle and position of the diffuser, adjust the lamp distance and the diffuser angle in real time, and improve the consistency of experimental data.

[0097] In the above embodiments, this embodiment further optimizes the operating steps for selecting suitable rice varieties and experimental environments, refines the screening and preliminary identification process of germplasm resources, ensures seed purity and basic experimental conditions, arranges a planting system in an artificial climate chamber, including efficient irrigation and culture matrix configuration, and uses an automatic drip irrigation system and a high-transmittance diffuser to control moisture and light uniformity. In addition, the specific parameters of LED spectrum combination design and photoperiod adjustment are clarified, and the light requirements of different growth stages are met through the red and blue light ratio and dynamic spectrum regulation, thereby optimizing photosynthesis efficiency.

[0098] In the above embodiments, by screening and identifying rice germplasm resources, the purity of seeds and the scientific nature of the experiment are improved, the planting system design optimizes the growth environment of rice and reduces human errors, and the precise light control scheme significantly improves the adaptability and light energy utilization rate of rice in different growth stages, enhances the uniformity of light intensity and environmental stability, and ensures the repeatability of experimental data.

[0099] Example 3

[0100] In order to further solve the problems of lack of standardization in container design in traditional breeding experiments, which may lead to limited root growth or uneven resource allocation, spectrum combination not meeting the needs of rice at different stages, resulting in low photosynthetic efficiency and extended growth cycle, light cycle not matching the biological clock of rice, which may delay growth or reduce fruiting rate, and uneven distribution of light intensity in traditional experiments, leading to large differences between plants, this embodiment optimizes the steps of adjusting temperature and humidity conditions with light, promoting rapid flowering and fruiting through dynamic spectrum regulation, optimizing light and nutrition regulation linkage, and rapidly screening breeding target traits. The specific optimization contents are as follows:

[0101] Adjusting the temperature and humidity conditions in conjunction with light also includes the following steps:

[0102] According to the needs of each growth stage of rice, set the corresponding temperature and humidity target values ​​and allowable deviation range;

[0103] During the germination period, the target temperature is set at 25°C, with an allowable deviation of ±1°C, and the target humidity is set at 80%-90%. The humidity is adjusted by an ultrasonic humidifier. High humidity during the germination period promotes rapid water absorption and germination of seeds.

[0104] During the vegetative growth stage, the daytime temperature target is 28°C, the nighttime temperature target is 22°C, the allowable deviation range is ±2°C, and the humidity target is set at 65%-75%. The temperature difference between day and night during the vegetative growth stage simulates the natural environment to improve the plant's adaptability.

[0105] During the reproductive growth stage, the target temperature during the day is 30°C, the target temperature at night is 25°C, the allowable deviation range is ±2°C, and the target humidity is set at 50%-60%. During the reproductive growth period, lower humidity is controlled to reduce disease risks and promote grain maturity.

[0106] Real-time monitoring is performed through temperature sensors and humidity sensors. Data is collected every 30 minutes and transmitted to the environmental control system. If the deviation is found to exceed the allowable range, the operating parameters of the temperature and humidity equipment are automatically adjusted. The temperature and humidity change data are recorded every week. The operating parameters of the equipment are monitored in real time and automatically adjusted to improve the accuracy and stability of the experimental environment.

[0107] When switching between the germination period, vegetative growth period and reproductive growth period, gradually adjust the temperature and humidity parameters.

[0108] Dynamic spectrum regulation promotes rapid flowering and fruiting, and specifically includes the following steps:

[0109] At the heading stage on the 50th day of growth, increase the proportion of far-red light to 20% and shorten the photoperiod to 12 hours to promote heading and flowering speed;

[0110] Seven days after flowering, gradually reduce far-red light and restore the photoperiod to 16 hours to maintain the lighting conditions during the fruiting period. After flowering, gradually reduce far-red light and extend the photoperiod to ensure the quality and quantity of grain formation.

[0111] Observe the inflorescence and grain development regularly.

[0112] The optimization of light and nutrition regulation linkage also includes the following steps:

[0113] During the germination stage, provide low-nitrogen and high-phosphorus nutrient solution to promote root development;

[0114] During the vegetative growth phase, increase the nitrogen fertilizer supply and control the nitrogen concentration at 100-150ppm to support rapid stem and leaf growth;

[0115] During the reproductive growth stage, reduce nitrogen fertilizer, increase the proportion of potassium fertilizer and phosphorus fertilizer, and control the potassium concentration at 200-250ppm to promote grain filling and maturity;

[0116] When controlling nutrient regulation at each stage, the frequency of nutrient solution replacement should be kept consistent with changes in light intensity to prevent excessive or insufficient nutrients and improve nutrient utilization efficiency.

[0117] Rapid screening of breeding target traits also includes the following steps:

[0118] After each generation of growth, phenotypic data are collected, including plant height, leaf area, heading time, and grain number. The achievement of breeding goals is accurately evaluated through phenotypic data such as plant height, leaf area, heading time, and grain number.

[0119] Analyze the correlation between genetic traits and light response to help optimize breeding parameters;

[0120] For plants with excellent performance, seeds are collected and the next generation is cultivated. The light optimization breeding process is repeated, and 3-5 generations of screening are carried out. Multi-generation cycle screening and optimization are carried out to stabilize the genetic target traits and achieve rapid breeding of excellent varieties.

[0121] In the above embodiments, the focus is on the dynamic regulation of LED lighting and the light-nutrition linkage optimization technology. At different growth stages, by setting the target temperature and humidity range and real-time monitoring by sensors, accurate management of environmental parameters is achieved. Dynamic spectrum regulation technology is introduced during the reproductive growth period, and far-infrared light is used to stimulate rice to quickly head and flower, and the grain development efficiency is improved by adjusting the photoperiod. In addition, the type and supply concentration of the nutrient solution are adjusted in combination with changes in light intensity, which further optimizes the nutrient absorption efficiency and significantly improves the breeding effect. After the growth cycle, plants with target traits are selected through phenotypic data analysis, and the breeding process is repeatedly optimized.

[0122] In the above embodiments, the dynamic spectrum and photoperiod linkage accelerate the flowering and fruiting process, the combined regulation of light and nutrition improves the growth and nutrient absorption efficiency of rice, the clear phenotypic data collection and analysis process improves the accuracy of target trait screening, provides a stable multi-generation breeding and selection program, and makes the genetic fixation of target traits more efficient.

[0123] The technical solution of the present invention is further described through the following control groups and application examples:

[0124] Control group:

[0125] Lighting: Natural light or ordinary white light, no specific spectrum adjustment, the photoperiod is the natural day length.

[0126] Temperature and humidity: No precise control, only keeping the temperature of the artificial climate chamber constant.

[0127] Breeding material: Varieties were randomly selected and no germplasm purity screening was performed.

[0128] Nutrient solution: Use regular formula without periodic adjustments.

[0129] Irrigation system: Manual irrigation, no automatic regulation.

[0130] Application Example 1:

[0131] Lighting: A fixed ratio of red and blue light LED was used, with a red-blue ratio of 70%:30%, and a fixed light cycle of 12 hours of light / 12 hours of darkness.

[0132] Temperature and humidity: Set the initial temperature and humidity (25°C, humidity 60%-70%), without dynamic adjustment.

[0133] Breeding materials: Select target trait germplasm resources with purity greater than 95%.

[0134] Nutrient solution: provided at regular concentration and does not vary with growth stage.

[0135] Irrigation system: An automatic drip irrigation system is installed, but the irrigation flow is fixed.

[0136] Application Example 2:

[0137] Lighting: Adjust the ratio of red and blue light in stages (80%:20% in germination period, 50%:50% in vegetative period, 60%:30%:10% in reproductive period), and dynamically adjust the light cycle.

[0138] Temperature and humidity: dynamically adjusted according to the growth stage (such as temperature target 25℃→28℃→30℃, humidity 80%-90%→65%-75%→50%-60%).

[0139] Breeding material: Use target trait germplasm resources and ensure purity >95%.

[0140] Nutrient solution: dynamically adjust the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (such as high nitrogen → low nitrogen and high potassium).

[0141] Irrigation system: The flow rate is dynamically adjusted according to the growth stage (such as 0.5L / h→1L / h).

[0142] Application Example 3:

[0143] Lighting: Based on Application Example 2, dynamic spectrum control is added to increase the proportion of far-red light to 20% during the reproductive period, and then gradually restore the normal proportion.

[0144] Temperature and humidity: The temperature and humidity are gradually adjusted during the switching phase, and the data is monitored in real time and automatically fed back for regulation.

[0145] Breeding materials: After screening the germplasm resources of target traits, phenotypic and genetic association analysis is performed to accurately select excellent plants.

[0146] Nutrient solution: Linked with light regulation, the replacement frequency is adjusted according to changes in light intensity.

[0147] Irrigation system: Combine environmental sensor data to dynamically adjust irrigation volume and frequency.

[0148] Rice was bred according to different conditions of the control group, application example 1, application example 2 and application example 3, and after the breeding was completed, the rice in the control group, application example 1, application example 2 and application example 3 were sampled and tested to determine the breeding effect. The specific test and determination results are shown in Table 1:

[0149]

[0150]

[0151] As shown in Table 1, in terms of plant phenotypic data, the plant height of the control group was 81.3 cm, which gradually increased from Application Example 1 to Application Example 3, reaching a maximum of 94.7 cm (Application Example 3), indicating that optimizing light, temperature and humidity, and nutrient solution formula can promote plant growth; the leaf area increased from 147.8 cm in the control group to 147.8 cm in the 2 Raised to 219.4cm in Application Example 3 2 , an increase of about 48.4% over the control group. This shows that dynamic regulation of light, temperature and humidity can significantly promote leaf growth; the heading time of the control group was 65 days, while that of application case 3 was 51 days, about 14 days earlier. Dynamic regulation technology can accelerate the growth cycle of rice and improve breeding efficiency; the number of grains increased from 248.5 in the control group to 391.2 in application case 3, an increase of about 57.4%. The regulation conditions have a significant effect on increasing grain yield.

[0152] In terms of physiological parameters, the photosynthetic rate increased from 8.2 μmol CO2 / m 2 / s increases to 14.6μmol CO2 / m 2 / s, an increase of about 78%. Optimizing the light ratio and environmental conditions improved the photosynthesis efficiency; the SPAD value of chlorophyll content increased from 39.6 in the control group to 54.7 in application example 3, indicating that the chlorophyll content was significantly increased and the health of the plants improved; the fruit setting rate of the control group was 69.8%, and that of application example 3 reached 89.2%, indicating that the improvement of the breeding environment improved the reproductive capacity of rice.

[0153] In terms of yield traits, the single-plant yield increased from 10.4g in the control group to 17.8g in Application Example 3, an increase of about 71%. The optimized technical solution greatly improved the rice yield; the grain fullness increased from 84.3% in the control group to 94.7% in Application Example 3, and the grain quality was significantly improved.

[0154] Through comparison, this experiment found that optimized environmental regulation and resource management (Application Examples 1, 2, and 3) can significantly improve the growth performance, physiological activity, and yield traits of rice.

[0155] Among them, dynamic control of light (including the ratio of red and blue light, far-red light), temperature, humidity and nutrient solution significantly improved photosynthesis efficiency and plant health. The selection of precise breeding materials and automated irrigation systems further promoted efficient rice breeding. Application Example 3 added dynamic spectrum and real-time feedback control on the basis of all optimized conditions, with the most significant effect.

[0156] Compared with the control group, the optimized conditions can increase the yield of rice per plant by 71% and the fullness of grains by 12%, significantly improving the yield and quality of rice. By optimizing the environmental conditions, the heading time is shortened by 14 days compared with the control group, which improves the breeding efficiency. The dynamic regulation of irrigation, light, temperature and humidity systems reduces human intervention and improves management efficiency. The dynamic regulation strategy can be adjusted according to different target crops and has broad application potential.

[0157] The above description is only a preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can make equivalent replacements or changes according to the technical scheme and inventive concept of the present invention within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for accelerating rice breeding process based on LED lighting, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Select suitable rice varieties and experimental environment, determine breeding goals, select rice varieties as experimental materials according to breeding goals, set up planting systems in artificial climate chambers and control the experimental environment. The planting system is regulated by the environmental control system; Design LED spectrum combination and photoperiod scheme, and adjust the lighting scheme according to the light requirements of rice at different growth stages; Precisely control the light intensity and uniformity, adjust the distance and power of LED lights, control the light intensity and make the light evenly distributed; Adjust temperature and humidity conditions in coordination with lighting. Combined with lighting schemes, adjust temperature and humidity conditions in coordination at each growth stage to simulate the optimal growth environment. Dynamic spectrum regulation promotes rapid flowering and fruiting. Dynamic spectrum changes are used during the reproductive growth period to stimulate rice to quickly complete the flowering and fruiting process. The lighting and nutrition regulation are linked and optimized, and the nutrient supply is dynamically adjusted in combination with the lighting plan; Rapidly screen breeding target traits, use LED lighting conditions to accelerate the growth cycle, and then select plants with target traits through multiple selections.

2. The method for accelerating rice breeding process based on LED lighting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The selection of suitable rice varieties and experimental environment specifically includes the following steps: Clarify breeding goals, including disease resistance, high yield and stress resistance, select germplasm resources with target traits from the breeding material library, and ensure that the seed purity is greater than 95%; The selected varieties were preliminarily identified, and the selected seeds were surface disinfected by treating them with 0.1% mercuric chloride solution for 10 minutes and then rinsing them with clean water three times; Arrange the planting system in the artificial climate chamber and adjust the initial experimental environment parameters; The initial temperature was set at 25±2℃, the stable error range was controlled at ±1℃, the initial relative humidity was set at 60%-70%, an ultrasonic humidifier was used to maintain humidity, and indoor interfering light sources other than the LED light source required for the experiment were removed; Installing environmental monitoring equipment in the planting system, the environmental monitoring equipment including temperature and humidity sensors, CO2 concentration monitors and photometers; Evenly spread the culture matrix in the prepared planting container, control the matrix humidity at 50%-60%, evenly sow the treated seeds, control the sowing density in each container at 100-120 seeds per square meter, cover with a layer of matrix with a thickness of 0.5-1cm and compact lightly.

3. The method for accelerating rice breeding process based on LED lighting as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The planting system includes a planting container, an irrigation system and a culture matrix; Among them, the planting container adopts a rectangular container with a depth of not less than 15 cm, the spacing between each container is at least 10 cm, the irrigation system adopts an automatic drip irrigation system, and the hourly flow rate is set to 0.5-1L. The culture matrix uses a mixed matrix, which is composed of peat soil, vermiculite and perlite in a volume ratio of 3:1:

1.

4. The method for accelerating rice breeding process based on LED lighting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The design of LED spectrum combination and photoperiod solution specifically includes: The lighting scheme includes LED spectrum combination, red and blue light ratio and photoperiod parameters; Choose tunable spectrum LED lights, including red light, blue light and far red light, where the wavelength of red light is 620-660nm, the wavelength of blue light is 450-470nm, and the wavelength of far red light is 720-740nm; During the germination period, the spectral combination was controlled to be mainly red light, the ratio of red and blue light was controlled to be 80% red light and 20% blue light, the photoperiod was 12 hours light / 12 hours dark, and the light intensity was set to 100-150 μmol / m 2 / s; During the vegetative growth phase, the proportion of blue light was increased in the spectrum combination, the red-blue light ratio was controlled to 50% red light and 50% blue light, the photoperiod was adjusted to 14 hours of light / 10 hours of darkness, and the light intensity was increased to 200-250 μmol / m 2 / s; During the reproductive growth stage, far-red light was added to the spectral combination, the red-blue light ratio was controlled to 60% red light, 30% blue light and 10% far-red light, the photoperiod was adjusted to 16 hours of light / 8 hours of darkness, and the light intensity was set to 300-350 μmol / m 2 / s.

5. The method for accelerating rice breeding process based on LED lighting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The precise control of light intensity and uniformity further includes the following steps: During the germination stage, the distance between the LED light and the top of the plant was set to 30 ± 2 cm; During the vegetative growth stage, gradually reduce the distance between the LED light and the top of the plant to 20±2cm; During the reproductive growth stage, the distance between the LED light and the top of the plant was further adjusted to 15 ± 2 cm; Use a measuring ruler to record the plant height every 5 days, and adjust the lamp distance in real time according to the plant growth, keeping the lamp distance deviation within ±2cm; The light intensity is measured by a photon meter, and the light intensity data is recorded once an hour and uploaded to the environmental control system in real time. The light intensity error range is controlled within ±10μmol / m 2 / s or less; Install a polycarbonate diffuser with a light transmittance of 90% or more under the LED lamp. The thickness of the diffuser is 2-3 mm. Detect the light intensity distribution in each area of ​​the planting container, collect the light intensity at 20 random points, record the mean and standard deviation, and if the standard deviation of the light intensity distribution exceeds ±10 μmol / m 2 / s, adjust the angle and position of the diffuser.

6. The method for accelerating rice breeding process based on LED lighting as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The step of adjusting the temperature and humidity conditions in coordination with the illumination further includes the following steps: According to the needs of each growth stage of rice, set the corresponding temperature and humidity target values ​​and allowable deviation range; During the germination period, the temperature target value is set at 25°C, with an allowable deviation range of ±1°C, and the humidity target value is set at 80%-90%, and the humidity is adjusted by an ultrasonic humidifier; During the vegetative growth period, the target temperature during the day is 28°C, the target temperature at night is 22°C, the allowable deviation range is ±2°C, and the target humidity is set at 65%-75%; During the reproductive growth stage, the target temperature during the day is 30°C, the target temperature at night is 25°C, the tolerance range is ±2°C, and the target humidity is 50%-60%; Real-time monitoring is carried out through temperature sensors and humidity sensors. Data is collected every 30 minutes and transmitted to the environmental control system. If the deviation is found to exceed the allowable range, the operating parameters of the temperature and humidity equipment are automatically adjusted, and the temperature and humidity change data are recorded every week. When switching between the germination period, vegetative growth period and reproductive growth period, gradually adjust the temperature and humidity parameters.

7. The method for accelerating rice breeding process based on LED lighting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dynamic spectrum regulation promotes rapid flowering and fruiting, and specifically includes the following steps: At the heading stage on the 50th day of growth, increase the proportion of far-red light to 20% and shorten the photoperiod to 12 hours; Seven days after flowering, gradually reduce far-red light and restore the photoperiod to 16 hours to maintain the light conditions during the fruiting period; Observe the inflorescence and grain development regularly.

8. The method for accelerating rice breeding process based on LED lighting as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The linkage optimization of light and nutrition regulation specifically includes the following steps: During the germination stage, provide a low-nitrogen, high-phosphorus nutrient solution; During the vegetative growth period, increase the nitrogen fertilizer supply and control the nitrogen concentration at 100-150ppm; During the reproductive growth stage, reduce nitrogen fertilizer, increase the ratio of potassium fertilizer and phosphorus fertilizer, and control the potassium concentration at 200-250ppm.

9. The method for accelerating rice breeding process based on LED illumination as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that: When controlling nutrient regulation at each stage, the frequency of nutrient solution replacement should be consistent with changes in light intensity.

10. The method for accelerating rice breeding process based on LED lighting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rapid screening of breeding target traits specifically further comprises the following steps: After each generation of growth is completed, phenotypic data are collected, and the phenotypic data include plant height, leaf area, heading time, and grain number; Analyze the correlation between genetic traits and light response; For plants with excellent performance, seeds are collected and the next generation is cultivated. The light optimization breeding process is repeated and 3-5 generations of screening are carried out.

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