Planting method of moss associated dendrobium nobile

Abstract

The invention discloses a planting method of moss-associated dendrobium nobile, which adopts different types of moss-associated dendrobium nobile to improve the yield and quality influence of dendrobium nobile, clarifies the dominant moss types associated with dendrobium nobile, and the moss mainly comprises moss verruca and pogonatum hinokii. According to the invention, the intergrowth of the moss wart and the pogonatum hinokii improves the agronomic indexes such as the plant height, the stem diameter and the single plant weight of the annual dendrobium nobile and the yield of the annual dendrobium nobile, improves the content of stem extracts and dendrobine of the biennial and triennial dendrobium nobile, and has little influence on moisture and ash content. The macroelements of the stem part of the dendrobium nobile can be increased.

Description

Field of the Invention

[0001] The invention relates to a planting method of moss-associated Dendrobium nobile, and belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation. Background Art

[0002] Dendrobium nobile is a perennial herbaceous plant of the genus Dendrobium in the family Orchidaceae. Its dried stems are used as medicine and it is a rare and precious Chinese medicinal material under Class II protection in China. It is rich in active substances such as polysaccharides and alkaloids, and has the effects of improving immunity, lowering blood sugar, and anti-tumor, and has extremely high medicinal value. The artificial cultivation of Dendrobium nobile in Chishui City, Guizhou Province, China has a long history. Relying on the unique geological conditions of Danxia stone and the high temperature and high humidity climate environment, Chishui City has gradually become the main source of raw medicinal materials in the market. At present, the area of ​​Dendrobium nobile cultivated in the original ecology of Danxia stone under the forest in Chishui has reached 96,000 mu, accounting for more than 90% of the planting area and commodity volume of Dendrobium nobile in the country. Dendrobium nobile has strict requirements on the growth environment. It likes high temperature, high humidity and cool environment. The suitable growth altitude is 300-1000m. It is often epiphytic on rocks or tree trunks with humus and moss. The terrain is mostly cliffs, generally shaded by trees, close to water sources, and requires sufficient oblique sunlight. It grows relatively slowly. It usually takes more than 3 years from planting to harvesting to simulate wild Danxia stone cultivation. The management cycle is long, the yield is unstable, and a large amount of manpower, material and financial resources are required. These are the key factors restricting the development of the Dendrobium nobile industry.

[0003] The applicant has found through research that the growth of Dendrobium nobile is closely related to the Danxia stone microenvironment, and that differences in moss species have different effects on the growth of Dendrobium nobile. The present invention uses different types of mosses to accompany Dendrobium nobile to improve the yield and quality of Dendrobium nobile, and clarifies the dominant moss species associated with Dendrobium nobile, in order to provide a scientific basis for the reasonable planting and quality evaluation of Dendrobium nobile. Summary of the invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for planting Dendrobium nobile associated with moss. The purpose of the present invention is to use different types of mosses associated with Dendrobium nobile to improve the yield and quality of Dendrobium nobile.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] A method for planting moss-associated Dendrobium nobile, the planting method is carried out according to the following steps:

[0007] (1) Site selection: Choose a bare Danxia rock with an altitude of 300m-1000m and shaded by broad-leaved trees;

[0008] (2) Land preparation: clearing away weeds, dead branches and leaves, and soil;

[0009] (3) Transplanting time: Spring transplanting is from April to May, autumn transplanting is from September to October, and transplanting should be done on cloudy days;

[0010] (4) Transplantation: Select two-year-old undamaged and disease-free Dendrobium nobile, plant them at a spacing of 30 cm × 30 cm, attach the fibrous roots and base of the Dendrobium nobile seedlings to the stone surface and fix them with wire clips. Let the roots spread naturally, and fix the wire clips 1.5 cm to 2.5 cm above the base of the main stem of the seedlings to ensure that the seedlings are stable on the stone surface, so as to obtain fixed Dendrobium nobile tissue culture seedlings;

[0011] (5) Preparation of cow dung slurry: dilute the decomposed cow dung with water and set aside;

[0012] (6) Apply the cow dung slurry to the root of the fixed Dendrobium nobile tissue culture seedlings, the root range of the plant is 80-120cm 2 The cow dung slurry extends from the root area to the stone surface area of ​​800-1000cm 2 ;

[0013] (7) Use live moss to evenly and lightly stick it on the roots of the plants and the stone surface that has been brushed with cow dung slurry. Spray the roots of Dendrobium nobile, the stone surface and its moss with water. After the seedlings have grown, clean the dead branches and leaves on and around the plants every 10 to 20 days to ensure the normal growth of Dendrobium nobile and moss. The plants transplanted in spring can be harvested in October or November of the second year, and the plants transplanted in autumn can be harvested in October or November of the third year.

[0014] In the above step (1), the relative humidity of the broad-leaved forest is 75% to 80%, and the shading degree is 55% to 70%.

[0015] In the above step (3), spring transplanting is carried out from April to May, and autumn transplanting is carried out from September to October. Transplanting is carried out on cloudy days and the transplanting temperature is above 10°C.

[0016] In the above step (5), the cow dung slurry is prepared by diluting the decomposed cow dung with water in a mass ratio of 1:2 to 4 for later use.

[0017] Specifically, in the aforementioned step (5), the cow dung slurry is prepared by taking decomposed cow dung and adding water to dilute it in a mass ratio of 1:3, and set it aside.

[0018] In the above step (6), the cow dung slurry is applied to the root of the fixed Dendrobium nobile tissue culture seedlings, and the root range of the plant is 90-110 cm 2 The area of ​​the stone surface covered with cow dung slurry extending from the root area is 850-1050cm 2 .

[0019] Specifically, in the aforementioned step (6), the cow dung slurry is applied to the root of the fixed Dendrobium nobile tissue culture seedlings, and the root range of the plant is 100 cm 2 The cow dung slurry extends from the root area to the stone surface with an area of ​​900cm 2 .

[0020] In the above step (7), the mosses are Psoralea corylifolia and Psoralea cypressii, and the mass ratio of the Psoralea corylifolia to Psoralea cypressii is 0.5-3:3-0.5.

[0021] Specifically, in the above step (7), the mosses are Psoralea corylifolia and Psoralea cylindrica, and the mass ratio of the Psoralea corylifolia to Psoralea cylindrica is 1-3:3-1.

[0022] In the above step (7), the moss also includes one or more of Selaginella thin-walled, short-rib feather moss, Bi La true moss, long-leafed new moss, glacier green moss, clustered true moss or curly leaf phoenix tail moss.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0024] The present invention adopts different kinds of mosses to accompany Dendrobium nobile, so as to improve the yield and quality of Dendrobium nobile. Through the treatment test of covering the root of Dendrobium nobile with Psoralea corylifolia, 1 / 2 Psoralea corylifolia, 1 / 2 Psoralea corylifolia and Psoralea corylifolia, it is found that the companionship of Psoralea corylifolia and Psoralea corylifolia improves the agronomic indexes and yield of annual Dendrobium nobile, such as plant height, stem thickness, and single plant weight, and improves the extract and dendrobine content of the stem of two-year-old and three-year-old Dendrobium nobile, and the moisture and ash content have little effect. The macroelements in the stem of Dendrobium nobile can be improved. The dominant moss species associated with Dendrobium nobile are clarified, so as to provide a scientific basis for the reasonable planting and quality evaluation of Dendrobium nobile. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 :Photos of different bryophyte morphologies (1 is cypress-leaved white-haired moss; 2 is warty lantern moss; 3 is side-branch creeping lantern moss; 4 is curled-leaf phoenix tail moss; 5 is short-rib feather moss; 6 is large gray moss; 7 is calcified gray moss; 8 is beautiful gray moss; 9 is glacier green moss; 10 is sparse-net beautiful beak moss; 11 is feather-branched beautiful beak moss; 12 is dark green folded leaf moss; 13 is broad-leaved hairy mouth moss; 14 is curled-leaf hairy mouth moss; 15 is pointed hairy mouth moss; 16 is knot moss; 17 is long-leaved knot moss; 18 is curled-leaf wetland moss);

[0026] Figure 2 : Photos of different bryophyte morphologies (19 is a small stone moss; 20 is a sword-leaved opposite-toothed moss; 21 is a pseudo-brittle-branched bent-handled moss; 22 is a node-stem bent-handled moss; 23 is a small rough warty moss; 24 is a thin-walled selaginella moss; 25 is a clustered true moss; 26 is a Bira true moss; 27 is a broad-leaved short-moon moss; 28 is a straight-leaved cotton moss; 29 is a long-stalked silk moss; 30 is a dense-leaved light-calyx moss; 31 is a four-toothed heterocalyx moss);

[0027] Figure 3 : Differences in moss species among 35 sample plots;

[0028] Figure 4 : Frequency and coverage of 28 moss species;

[0029] Figure 5 : The number of plots with mixed growth of 9 mosses;

[0030] Figure 6 :Dry matter accumulation of one-year-old stems of Dendrobium nobile in 35 sample plots;

[0031] Figure 7 :Dry matter accumulation of 2-year-old stems of Dendrobium nobile in 35 sample plots;

[0032] Figure 8 :Dry matter accumulation of 3-year-old stems of Dendrobium nobile in 35 sample plots;

[0033] Fig. 9 : The content of extracts from 3-year-old stems of Dendrobium nobile in 35 sample plots;

[0034] Fig.10 : Dendrobium alkaloid content in 35 sample plots of 3-year-old stems of Dendrobium nobile;

[0035] Fig.11 : Growth chart of Dendrobium officinale associated with Psoralea verrucosum and Psoralea cylindrica;

[0036] Fig.12 : Growth diagram of Dendrobium without moss;

[0037] Fig.13 : A picture of the mixed growth of warty moss and cypress-leaved white-haired moss. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the embodiments, but they are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0039] Example 1.

[0040] (1) Site selection: Choose a bare Danxia rock at an altitude of 300m-1000m, shaded by broad-leaved trees. The relative humidity of the broad-leaved forest is 75%-80%, and the shade degree is 55%-70%;

[0041] (2) Land preparation: clearing away weeds, dead branches and leaves, and soil;

[0042] (3) Transplanting time: Transplant in September 2021, on cloudy days, with the temperature above 10°C;

[0043] (4) Transplantation: Select two-year-old well-trained first-class tissue culture seedlings of Dendrobium nobile (purchased from Chishui Xintian Traditional Chinese Medicine Industry Development Co., Ltd.) without damage and pests, and plant them at a spacing of 30 cm × 30 cm. Stick the fibrous roots and base of the Dendrobium nobile seedlings on the stone surface and fix them with wire clips. The roots will stretch naturally. The wire clips will be fixed 1.5 cm to 2.5 cm above the base of the main stem of the seedlings to ensure that the seedlings are stable on the stone surface. The Dendrobium nobile tissue culture seedlings are fixed;

[0044] (5) Preparation of cow dung slurry: dilute the decomposed cow dung with water in a mass ratio of 1:3 and set aside;

[0045] (6) Apply the cow dung slurry to the root of the fixed Dendrobium nobile tissue culture seedlings, with the root range of the plant being 100 cm 2 The cow dung slurry extends from the root area to the stone surface with an area of ​​900cm 2 ;

[0046] (7) Use live wart moss and cypress leaf moss to evenly and lightly stick them on the roots of the plants and the stone surface that have been brushed with cow dung slurry. The mass ratio of wart moss and cypress leaf moss is 1:1. Spray the roots of Dendrobium nobile, the stone surface and its moss evenly with water. After the seedlings have recovered, clean the dead branches and leaves on and around the Dendrobium nobile plants every 10 to 20 days to ensure the normal growth of Dendrobium nobile and the moss. It can be harvested in October or November of the second year.

[0047] Example 2.

[0048] (1) Site selection: Choose a bare Danxia rock at an altitude of 300m-1000m, shaded by broad-leaved trees. The relative humidity of the broad-leaved forest is 75%-80%, and the shade degree is 55%-70%;

[0049] (2) Land preparation: clearing away weeds, dead branches and leaves, and soil;

[0050] (3) Transplanting time: Transplant in September 2021, on cloudy days, with the temperature above 10°C;

[0051] (4) Transplantation: Select two-year-old well-trained first-class tissue culture seedlings of Dendrobium nobile (purchased from Chishui Xintian Traditional Chinese Medicine Industry Development Co., Ltd.) without damage and pests, and plant them at a spacing of 30 cm × 30 cm. Stick the fibrous roots and base of the Dendrobium nobile seedlings on the stone surface and fix them with wire clips. The roots will stretch naturally. The wire clips will be fixed 1.5 cm to 2.5 cm above the base of the main stem of the seedlings to ensure that the seedlings are stable on the stone surface. The Dendrobium nobile tissue culture seedlings are fixed;

[0052] (5) Preparation of cow dung slurry: dilute the decomposed cow dung with water in a mass ratio of 1:2 and set aside;

[0053] (6) Apply the cow dung slurry to the root of the fixed Dendrobium nobile tissue culture seedlings, with the root range of the plant being 80cm 2 The cow dung slurry extends from the root area to the stone surface with an area of ​​1000cm 2 ;

[0054] (7) Use live wart moss and cypress leaf moss to evenly and lightly stick them on the roots of the plants and the stone surface that have been brushed with cow dung slurry. The mass ratio of wart moss and cypress leaf moss is 1:3. Spray the roots of Dendrobium nobile, the stone surface and its moss evenly with water. After the seedlings have recovered, clean the dead branches and leaves on and around the Dendrobium nobile plants every 10 to 20 days to ensure the normal growth of Dendrobium nobile and moss. Those transplanted in spring can be harvested in October or November of this year.

[0055] Example 3.

[0056] (1) Site selection: Choose a bare Danxia rock at an altitude of 300m-1000m, shaded by broad-leaved trees. The relative humidity of the broad-leaved forest is 75%-80%, and the shade degree is 55%-70%;

[0057] (2) Land preparation: clearing away weeds, dead branches and leaves, and soil;

[0058] (3) Transplanting time: Transplant in October 2021, on cloudy days, with the temperature above 10°C;

[0059] (4) Transplantation: Select two-year-old well-trained first-class tissue culture seedlings of Dendrobium nobile (purchased from Chishui Xintian Traditional Chinese Medicine Industry Development Co., Ltd.) without damage and pests, and plant them at a spacing of 30 cm × 30 cm. Stick the fibrous roots and base of the Dendrobium nobile seedlings on the stone surface and fix them with wire clips. The roots will stretch naturally. The wire clips will be fixed 1.5 cm to 2.5 cm above the base of the main stem of the seedlings to ensure that the seedlings are stable on the stone surface. The Dendrobium nobile tissue culture seedlings are fixed;

[0060] (5) Preparation of cow dung slurry: dilute the decomposed cow dung with water in a mass ratio of 1:4 and set aside;

[0061] (6) Apply the cow dung slurry to the root of the fixed Dendrobium nobile tissue culture seedlings, with the root range of the plant being 120cm 2 The cow dung slurry extends from the root area to the stone surface with an area of ​​800cm 2 ;

[0062] (7) Use live wart moss and cypress leaf moss to evenly and lightly stick them on the roots of the plants and the stone surface that have been brushed with cow dung slurry. The mass ratio of wart moss and cypress leaf moss is 3:1. Spray the roots of Dendrobium nobile, the stone surface and its moss evenly with water. After the seedlings have recovered, clean the dead branches and leaves on and around the Dendrobium nobile plants every 10 to 20 days to ensure the normal growth of Dendrobium nobile and moss. Those transplanted in spring can be harvested in October or November of this year.

[0063] Example 4.

[0064] (1) Site selection: Choose a bare Danxia rock at an altitude of 300m-1000m, shaded by broad-leaved trees. The relative humidity of the broad-leaved forest is 75%-80%, and the shade degree is 55%-70%;

[0065] (2) Land preparation: clearing away weeds, dead branches and leaves, and soil;

[0066] (3) Transplanting time: Transplant in April 2022, on cloudy days, with the temperature above 10°C;

[0067] (4) Transplantation: Select two-year-old well-trained first-class tissue culture seedlings of Dendrobium nobile (purchased from Chishui Xintian Traditional Chinese Medicine Industry Development Co., Ltd.) without damage and pests, and plant them at a spacing of 30 cm × 30 cm. Stick the fibrous roots and base of the Dendrobium nobile seedlings on the stone surface and fix them with wire clips. The roots will stretch naturally. The wire clips will be fixed 1.5 cm to 2.5 cm above the base of the main stem of the seedlings to ensure that the seedlings are stable on the stone surface. The Dendrobium nobile tissue culture seedlings are fixed;

[0068] (5) Preparation of cow dung slurry: dilute the decomposed cow dung with water in a mass ratio of 1:3 and set aside.

[0069] (6) Apply the cow dung slurry to the root of the fixed Dendrobium nobile tissue culture seedlings, with the root range of the plant being 100 cm 2 The cow dung slurry extends from the root area to the stone surface with an area of ​​900cm 2 ;

[0070] (7) Use live wart moss, cypress leaf white hair moss and thin-walled Selaginella moss to evenly and lightly stick them on the roots of the plants and the stone surface brushed with cow dung slurry. The mass ratio of wart moss, cypress leaf white hair moss and thin-walled Selaginella moss is 1:1:0.1. Spray the roots of Dendrobium nobile, the stone surface and its moss evenly with water. After the seedlings have recovered, clean the dead branches and leaves on and around the Dendrobium nobile plants every 10 to 20 days to ensure the normal growth of Dendrobium nobile and moss. It can be harvested in October or November of the second year.

[0071] Example 5.

[0072] (1) Site selection: Choose a bare Danxia rock at an altitude of 300m-1000m, shaded by broad-leaved trees. The relative humidity of the broad-leaved forest is 75%-80%, and the shade degree is 55%-70%;

[0073] (2) Land preparation: clearing away weeds, dead branches and leaves, and soil;

[0074] (3) Transplanting time: Transplant in May 2022, on cloudy days, with the temperature above 10°C;

[0075] (4) Transplantation: Select two-year-old well-trained first-class tissue culture seedlings of Dendrobium nobile (purchased from Chishui Xintian Traditional Chinese Medicine Industry Development Co., Ltd.) without damage and pests, and plant them at a spacing of 30 cm × 30 cm. Stick the fibrous roots and base of the Dendrobium nobile seedlings on the stone surface and fix them with wire clips. The roots will stretch naturally. The wire clips will be fixed 1.5 cm to 2.5 cm above the base of the main stem of the seedlings to ensure that the seedlings are stable on the stone surface. The Dendrobium nobile tissue culture seedlings are fixed;

[0076] (5) Preparation of cow dung slurry: dilute the decomposed cow dung with water in a mass ratio of 1:2.5 and set aside.

[0077] (6) Apply the cow dung slurry to the root of the fixed Dendrobium nobile tissue culture seedlings, with the root range of the plant being 110 cm 2 The cow dung slurry extends from the root area to the stone surface with an area of ​​800cm 2 ;

[0078] (7) Use live mosses, cypress-leaved white-haired mosses and short-ribbed feather mosses to evenly and lightly stick them on the roots of the plants and the stone surfaces that have been brushed with cow dung slurry. The mass ratio of mosses, cypress-leaved white-haired mosses and short-ribbed feather mosses is 1:2:0.2. Spray the roots of Dendrobium nobile, the stone surfaces and its mosses evenly with water. After the seedlings have recovered, clean the dead branches and leaves on and around the Dendrobium nobile plants every 10 to 20 days to ensure the normal growth of Dendrobium nobile and the mosses. It can be harvested in October or November of the second year.

[0079] 10. The method for planting moss-associated Dendrobium nobile as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (7), the moss also includes one or more of Selaginella thin-walled, short-rib feather moss, Bi La true moss, long-leafed moss, glacier green moss, clustered true moss or curled leaf pteris moss.

[0080] Example 6.

[0081] (1) Site selection: Choose a bare Danxia rock at an altitude of 300m-1000m, shaded by broad-leaved trees. The relative humidity of the broad-leaved forest is 75%-80%, and the shade degree is 55%-70%;

[0082] (2) Land preparation: clearing away weeds, dead branches and leaves, and soil;

[0083] (3) Transplanting time: Transplant in May 2022, on cloudy days, with the temperature above 10°C;

[0084] (4) Transplantation: Select two-year-old well-trained first-class tissue culture seedlings of Dendrobium nobile (purchased from Chishui Xintian Traditional Chinese Medicine Industry Development Co., Ltd.) without damage and pests, and plant them at a spacing of 30 cm × 30 cm. Stick the fibrous roots and base of the Dendrobium nobile seedlings on the stone surface and fix them with wire clips. The roots will stretch naturally. The wire clips will be fixed 1.5 cm to 2.5 cm above the base of the main stem of the seedlings to ensure that the seedlings are stable on the stone surface. The Dendrobium nobile tissue culture seedlings are fixed;

[0085] (5) Preparation of cow dung slurry: dilute the decomposed cow dung with water in a mass ratio of 1:3.5 and set aside.

[0086] (6) Apply the cow dung slurry to the root of the fixed Dendrobium nobile tissue culture seedlings, with the root range of the plant being 85 cm 2 The area of ​​the stone surface covered with cow dung slurry extending from the root area is 950cm 2 ;

[0087] (7) Use live moss, cypress leaf moss and bilazhen moss to evenly and lightly stick them on the roots of the plants and the stone surface brushed with cow dung slurry. The mass ratio of moss, cypress leaf moss and bilazhen moss is 2:1:0.2. Spray the roots of Dendrobium nobile, the stone surface and its moss evenly with water. After the seedlings have recovered, clean the dead branches and leaves on and around the Dendrobium nobile plants every 10 to 20 days to ensure the normal growth of Dendrobium nobile and moss. It can be harvested in October or November of the second year.

[0088] The present invention has carried out a lot of experimental studies, and the following are the results of the experimental studies of the present invention:

[0089] 1 Analysis of the companionship relationship between mosses and Dendrobium nobile

[0090] 1.1 Materials and methods

[0091] 1.1.1 Overview of the test site

[0092] This study selected the Yaling Village planting base of Dendrobium nobile, which is concentrated and contiguously planted in Wanglong Town, Chishui City, Guizhou Province, as the experimental site. The simulated wild cultivation environment of Dendrobium nobile is planted under arbor forests. Wanglong Town (105°90′N, 28°52′E) is located in the central part of Chishui City and is one of the main production areas of Dendrobium nobile in Chishui. The Dendrobium nobile planting base in Yaling Village (105°91′E, 28°51′N) is 500m above sea level and is the largest base (more than 2,000 acres) of concentrated and contiguous planting of Dendrobium nobile in Chishui City. Wanglong Town is located in the semi-high mountain and hilly area of ​​the river valley. The terrain is high in the southeast and low in the northwest. It has a subtropical monsoon climate and an altitude of 228 to 1,256 meters. According to the Chishui Meteorological Bureau, the average annual rainfall in Wanglong Town from 2012 to 2022 is 785.11 to 1,658.37 mm, and the average annual temperature is 17.37 to 18.79 °C.

[0093] 1.1.2 Test materials

[0094] Dendrobium nobile: The Dendrobium nobile planted in the study area for three years on Danxia stone simulated from the wild was identified by Professor Zhao Zhi from the College of Agriculture of Guizhou University as Dendrobium nobile of the Orchidaceae family.

[0095] Danxia stone: The rock type is sandstone.

[0096] Moss: Moss that only grows with the root system of Dendrobium nobile.

[0097] 1.1.3 Main instruments and equipment

[0098] Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (NexION 300D), plasma emission spectrometer (ICP-OESOptima 8000), wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (Axios-mAX), fully automatic Kjeldahl nitrogen analyzer (HGK-55), gas chromatograph (Agilent 7890A).

[0099] 1.1.4 Sample collection

[0100] The experiment collected moss specimens in the study area twice, in September 2021 and May 2022. Only the moss species associated with the root system of Dendrobium nobile were collected, so that the collected specimens could represent the status of the moss plants associated with Dendrobium nobile in the area. A total of 163 specimens were collected and brought back to the laboratory to dry. The collected specimens were identified to species.

[0101] 35 Danxia stones were randomly selected in the study area. The selection principle was that the area of ​​one surface of the Danxia stone was greater than 1.5m×1.5m, and the surface was set as one sample plot, with a total of 35 sample plots. The detailed information of the 35 sample plots is shown in Table 1. The samples of Dendrobium nobile, moss and Danxia stone in the sample plot were collected. In order to minimize the experimental error, the samples were collected on a cloudy day on May 5, 2022, that is, after three consecutive sunny days. The specific sampling steps are as follows: ① Collection of Dendrobium nobile samples: 15 clusters of Dendrobium nobile with basically the same growth were selected from each sample plot. One 1-year-old, 2-year-old and 3-year-old stem was cut off from each cluster of Dendrobium nobile with scissors, and the leaves were removed. The 15 stems were mixed into one sample and transported back to the laboratory to determine the dry matter accumulation, quality and mineral element content of the Dendrobium nobile stems. ② Moss sample collection: Collect all types of moss samples in the sample plot, put them into self-sealing bags and mark them, and count the coverage rate of each moss. A total of 182 samples were collected. ③ Danxia stone sample collection: According to the three clumps of Dendrobium nobile selected in each sample plot, Danxia stone samples were collected within the designated range after the moss samples were collected. The surface of Danxia stone was chiseled about 0.5 cm with a geological hammer to obtain block or powdered Danxia stone samples. The roots and other debris were removed, and the obtained Danxia stone samples were sealed in self-sealing bags. A total of 105 samples were collected, and their fresh weight and dry weight were measured, and their moisture content was calculated (Table 1).

[0102] Table 1 Basic information of 35 Danxia stones

[0103]

[0104]

[0105] 1.1.5 Measurement indicators and methods

[0106] 1.1.5.1 Determination of yield, quality and mineral element content of Dendrobium nobile

[0107] 1.1.5.1.1 Biomass determination

[0108] The dry weight of 15 stems was measured for each sample. The specific measurement method was as follows: First, the fresh weight of 15 stems was weighed separately under the natural water content of the plant (g / stem), and then the total fresh weight of the 15 stems was weighed. Then, the stems were cut into small pieces and placed in a 60°C oven to a constant weight, and their dry weight was weighed. The dry weight rate of the stems was calculated, and finally the dry weight of a single stem (g / stem) was calculated based on the dry weight rate. The dry weight rate calculation formula is:

[0109]

[0110] 1.1.5.1.2 Quality measurement

[0111] Determination of extract content: The ethanol extract was determined according to the hot leaching method under the 2020 edition of the "Chinese Pharmacopoeia" Part 4, Determination of Alcohol-Soluble Extracts (General Chapter 2201) [Chinese Pharmacopoeia, 2020].

[0112] Determination of dendrobium alkaloid content: Determine according to the gas chromatography method (General Chapter 0521) of the 2020 edition of the "Chinese Pharmacopoeia" [Chinese Pharmacopoeia, 2020].

[0113] 1.1.5.1.3 Determination of mineral element content

[0114] The N content was determined by a Kjeldahl nitrogen analyzer, and the N content was determined according to the Kjeldahl nitrogen method in the protein content determination method of the 2020 edition of the "Chinese Pharmacopoeia" (General Chapter 0731) [Chinese Pharmacopoeia, 2020]; the K, Ca, P, Mg, Na, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, and B element contents were determined by an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES), and the reference materials for each element were provided by the China Nonferrous Metals and Electronic Materials Analysis and Testing Center.

[0115] 1.1.5.2 Identification of moss species, associated frequency, and coverage determination

[0116] Species identification: The collected specimens were identified by Professor Xiong Yuanxin and Associate Professor Cao Wei from the School of Life Sciences of Guizhou University, and the specimens were identified to species.

[0117] Calculation of moss companion frequency, frequency and coverage:

[0118] Associated frequency: the number of times each moss appears in all sample plots; Associated frequency (%): the proportion of the number of times a moss appears in all sample plots; Coverage (%): estimated using the grid method, that is, the proportion of the area of ​​each moss growing in the sample plot to the area of ​​the Danxia stone, expressed as a percentage; The frequency calculation formula is:

[0119]

[0120] 1.1.5.3 Moisture content of Danxia stone

[0121] Moisture content (%): According to the determination of the moisture content of moss, three clumps of Dendrobium nobile were selected. A 10 cm × 10 cm area was demarcated with the base of the stem of Dendrobium nobile as the center. The surface layer of about 0.5 cm was chiseled from the surface of the Danxia stone with a geological hammer to obtain block and powdered Danxia stone samples. The roots and other debris were removed. The obtained Danxia stone samples were sealed in self-sealing bags and brought back to the laboratory to weigh their fresh weight. The Danxia stone was then air-dried and weighed to weigh its dry weight. The moisture content was calculated using the following formula:

[0122]

[0123] 1.1.6 Data processing and statistical methods

[0124] SPSS25.0 and Excel 2019 were used to perform statistical analysis on the data, and Origin 9.8 and CoreIDRAW2020 software were used to draw graphs.

[0125] The principal component analysis and membership function were used for comprehensive evaluation.

[0126] Principal component analysis: SPSS25.0 software was used to standardize the data of each individual indicator, and the factors with eigenvalues ​​greater than 1 were extracted as principal components. The comprehensive index coefficients of each principal component were obtained through principal component analysis and the corresponding products were performed to calculate the score value (C value) of the comprehensive index of each sample plot.

[0127] Membership function evaluation: The membership function value U(x) of each sample plot is calculated according to formula (1), the weight of each indicator is calculated according to formula (2), and the comprehensive score (D value) of each sample plot is obtained using formula (3).

[0128]

[0129] Where X is the measured value, Xmax is the maximum value, and Xmin is the minimum value.

[0130]

[0131] Where Wi represents the weight of the extracted i-th indicator, expressed as a percentage; Vi is the coefficient of variation of the i-th indicator (i = 1, 2, 3, ..., n); Vn is the sum of the n required coefficients of variation.

[0132] Comprehensive membership function value (D value) (3)

[0133] Where Wn represents the total percentage of indicators.

[0134] 1.2 Results and Analysis

[0135] 1.2.1 Investigation of associated moss species in the study area

[0136] It has been identified that there are 31 species of bryophytes in 24 genera and 15 families associated with Dendrobium nobile. Figure 1 and Figure 2 ), and its species composition is shown in Table 2. As can be seen from the table, among the bryophytes associated with Dendrobium nobile, there are 13 families, 22 genera and 29 species of mosses, and 2 families, 2 genera and 2 species of liverworts. The proportion of mosses in the total families, genera and species reached 86.67%, 91.67% and 93.55% respectively, indicating that the adaptability of mosses associated with Dendrobium nobile to the local lithophytic environment is stronger than that of liverworts.

[0137] Table 2 Composition of 31 bryophyte species

[0138]

[0139]

[0140] 1.2.2 Analysis of moss species associated with 35 Danxia stones

[0141] The types and coverage of mosses in 35 Danxia stones are shown in Table 3. As shown in Table 3, a total of 28 types of mosses were collected from 35 Danxia stones. Compared with the types of mosses collected in the previous ecological survey of the study area, only three mosses, namely, sparse net-shaped moss, calcified gray moss, and dense-leaved light-calyx moss, were missing, indicating that the 35 Danxia stones can represent the distribution of associated mosses in the study area. According to the survey results, the mosses and Dendrobium nobile were associated with a mixture of mosses, and there was no single type of moss. There were obvious differences in the types of mosses associated with different Danxia stones. Each Danxia stone had 3 to 9 types of mosses, and it was common for a Danxia stone to have 5 to 6 types of mosses attached ( Figure 3 ), accounting for 60.00% of all sample plots, followed by 3, 4, and 7 species of mosses, accounting for 34.29%, and 8-9 species of mosses were less common, accounting for only 5.71%.

[0142] Table 3 Moss species and coverage of 35 Danxia rocks

[0143]

[0144]

[0145]

[0146] Note: Since various mosses grow together in the same plot, the total coverage is not 100%.

[0147] 1.2.3 Analysis of the frequency and coverage of different types of mosses

[0148] The frequency and coverage of different types of mosses in 35 plots were counted ( Figure 4 ),Depend on Figure 4It can be seen that there are large differences in the frequency of occurrence of different types of mosses. Among them, cypress-leaved white-haired moss and warty lantern moss are the most common, and both mosses grow in 70% of the sample plots, with frequencies of 71.43% and 68.57% respectively; broad-leaved hairy mouth moss, broad-leaved short moon moss, pseudo-brittle-branched curved moss, curled-leaf hairy mouth moss, straight-leaved cotton moss, small stone moss, side-branched creeping lantern moss, long-handled silk moss, new moss, awn-pointed hairy mouth moss, feather-branched beautiful beak moss, sword-leaved opposite-tooth moss, dark green folded leaf moss, and curled leaf wetland moss have the lowest frequencies, ranging from 2.86% to 11.43%. There are also large differences in the coverage rate of different types of mosses, with each moss covering 1.00% to 65.87%. The coverage rate of three mosses, namely, the warty lantern moss, the curled-leaf hairy-mouthed moss and the curled-leaf wetland moss, was relatively large, reaching more than 50%; the coverage rate of three mosses, namely, the long-stalked silk moss, the knot moss and the pointed hairy-mouthed moss, was the smallest, only 1.00%.

[0149] In order to clarify the mixed association relationship between different types of mosses, the number of plots where all types of mosses grew in pairs was counted, and the mosses with more than 5 mixed growth plots were listed as pseudo-dominant mosses and plotted ( Figure 5 The results showed that only 9 mosses, including Homocypris cypressii, Trichoderma verticillata, Selaginella serrata, Short-rib feather moss, Trichoderma bira, Trichoderma longifolia, Trichoderma glacier, Trichoderma fasciata, and Trichoderma volutei, had more than 5 mixed growth plots. Among them, Trichoderma verticillata and Homocypris cypressii had the highest mixed growth frequency (20 times), which was significantly higher than the other mosses. The mixed growth frequency of each moss was mainly 6 times, with a total of 9 pairs of mosses.

[0150] 1.2.4 Effects of different species of mosses on the biomass of D. nobile

[0151] There are differences in dry matter accumulation of Dendrobium nobile associated with different types of mosses ( Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 The dry matter accumulation of 1-, 2- and 3-year-old stems was 0.056-0.301 g / branch, 0.338-1.065 g / branch and 0.147-0.75 g / branch, respectively, and the coefficients of variation were 35.98%, 24.50% and 40.13%, respectively.

[0152] 1.2.5 Effects of different types of mosses on the quality of Dendrobium nobile

[0153] The statistical results of extracts and dendrobine contents of 35 sample plots of 3-year-old stems of Dendrobium nobile are shown in Fig. 9 , Fig.10 The content of extracts in the three-year-old stems of different moss-associated Dendrobium nobile ranged from 23.41% to 28.74%, with little difference and a coefficient of variation of 5.46%; while the content of dendrobine ranged from 0.30% to 0.81%, with significant difference and a coefficient of variation of 21.08%.

[0154] 1.2.6 Comprehensive evaluation of yield, quality and mineral element content of 35 sample plots of Dendrobium nobile

[0155] According to the correlation analysis results of biomass, quality and mineral element content of Dendrobium nobile, the correlation between biomass, quality and mineral element content of Dendrobium nobile associated with different types of mosses is weak. When the yield and quality of 35 sample plots are comprehensively evaluated, the correlation between the indicators is not significant, which may lead to differences in the comprehensive evaluation of multiple indicators and the evaluation results of a single indicator. Therefore, in order to clarify the influence of different indicators on the comprehensive evaluation of Dendrobium nobile, principal component analysis and membership function analysis were used to comprehensively evaluate the biomass, quality and mineral element content of Dendrobium nobile, and to explore the influence of different types of mosses on the yield and quality of Dendrobium nobile. In this experiment, the dry matter accumulation of 1-year-old stems, 2-year-old stems and 3-year-old stems of Dendrobium nobile was different in 35 sample plots. Therefore, the biomass of each sample plot was calculated based on the total dry matter accumulation of 1-year-old, 2-year-old and 3-year-old stems. The coefficient of variation of the extract content in the quality index was 5.46%, with a small range of variation, while the coefficient of variation of the dendrobium alkaloid content was 21.08%, with a large range of variation. Therefore, the content of dendrobium alkaloid was used as the quality evaluation index of the 35 sample plots. The coefficients of variation of the contents of 11 mineral elements were large, so all elements were used as evaluation indicators. The samples were sorted according to the C value and D value of each sample plot. The larger the value, the higher the evaluation. In addition, the single index evaluation of dry matter and quality was sorted according to the actual measured value.

[0156] The single index evaluation and multi-index comprehensive evaluation scores and ranking results of the dry matter, quality, and mineral element content of 35 sample plots of Dendrobium nobile are shown in Table 4. The similarity of the analysis results when evaluating the principal component analysis and the membership function analysis was not high, and the proportion of the number of sample plots in the top 10 was only 40%. The order of similarity between the dry matter, dendrobium alkaloids, and mineral elements when evaluated separately and the multi-index comprehensive evaluation results was mineral elements>dendrobium alkaloids>dry matter, indicating that the weight of mineral elements in the multi-index comprehensive evaluation was greater than that of dry matter and dendrobium alkaloids.

[0157] Table 4 The top 10 plots with the best comprehensive evaluation scores of dry matter, dendrobine and mineral elements in Dendrobium nobile

[0158]

[0159] The frequency and coverage of each associated moss species in the top 10 plots selected by each evaluation method were counted, and the moss species with an associated frequency greater than 5 were identified as pseudo-dominant species associated with Dendrobium nobile. The statistical results are shown in Table 5. As can be seen from the table, the dominant associated moss species of the four evaluation methods all include Verrucosa verticillata and Cynoglossum cylindrica. Among them, the associated frequencies of Verrucosa verticillata (9 times) and Cynoglossum cylindrica (10 times), which have the strongest correlation with dry matter accumulation, are significantly higher than the comprehensive evaluation of dendrobium alkali, mineral elements, and multiple indicators. By comparing the coverage rates of each dominant associated moss, the results show that the coverage rates of Verrucosa verticillata in the two evaluation methods of dry matter and dendrobium alkali are 67.22% and 67.50%, respectively, which are significantly higher than the comprehensive evaluation of mineral elements and multiple indicators, while the coverage rate of Cynoglossum cylindrica is not significantly different between different evaluation standards. In summary, the dominant moss species associated with Dendrobium nobile were determined to be Psoralea corylifolia and Psoralea corylifolia.

[0160] Table 5 Frequency and coverage of pseudo-dominant mosses (frequency>5)

[0161]

[0162] 1.3 Conclusion

[0163] There are abundant species of bryophytes associated with Dendrobium nobile. A total of 31 species of 24 genera and 15 families were identified in the study area, including 29 species of 22 genera of mosses in 13 families and 2 species of liverworts in 2 families and 2 genera. Mosses are dominant in the association with Dendrobium nobile, and mixed association of 5 to 6 species of mosses is more common. Different species of mosses have a great influence on the dry matter accumulation, quality and mineral element content of Dendrobium nobile. According to principal component analysis and membership function analysis, it is determined that Pseudosphaera serrata and Pseudosphaera cylindrica are the dominant mosses associated with Dendrobium nobile, and the two mosses are associated with Dendrobium nobile through mixed growth.

[0164] 2. Verification test of Psora verrucosa and Psora cypressii

[0165] Materials and methods

[0166] 2.1.1 Overview of the test site

[0167] This study selected the Yaling Village planting base of Dendrobium nobile, which is concentrated and contiguously planted in Wanglong Town, Chishui City, Guizhou Province, as the experimental site. The simulated wild cultivation environment of Dendrobium nobile is planted under arbor forests. Wanglong Town (105°90′N, 28°52′E) is located in the central part of Chishui City and is one of the main production areas of Dendrobium nobile in Chishui. The Dendrobium nobile planting base in Yaling Village (105°91′E, 28°51′N) is 500m above sea level and is the largest base (more than 2,000 acres) of concentrated and contiguous planting of Dendrobium nobile in Chishui City. Wanglong Town is located in the semi-high mountain and hilly area of ​​the river valley. The terrain is high in the southeast and low in the northwest. It has a subtropical monsoon climate and an altitude of 228 to 1256 meters. According to the Chishui Meteorological Bureau, the average annual rainfall in Wanglong Town from 2012 to 2022 is 785.11 to 1658.37 mm, and the average annual temperature is 17.37 to 18.79 °C.

[0168] 2.1.2 Test materials

[0169] Dendrobium nobile: The Dendrobium nobile planted in the study area for three years on Danxia stone simulated from the wild was identified by Professor Zhao Zhi from the College of Agriculture of Guizhou University as Dendrobium nobile of the Orchidaceae family.

[0170] 2.1.3 Experimental design

[0171] In February 2023, the dead branches, fallen leaves and mosses around the roots of Dendrobium nobile cultivated on rocks were cleaned up, and on rainy days, Verrucosa tenuifolia and Cypress leaf white-haired moss were spread on the roots of Dendrobium nobile. A 10cm×10cm area was demarcated with the base of the Dendrobium stem as the center, and covered with mosses, including Verrucosa tenuifolia, 1 / 2 Verrucosa tenuifolia and 1 / 2 Cypress leaf white-haired moss, Cypress leaf white-haired moss, and control (not covered with moss), for a total of 4 treatments; 50 baskets for each treatment, for a total of 200 baskets.

[0172] 2.1.4 Main instruments and equipment

[0173] Inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometer (ICP-OES Optima 8000), fully automatic Kjeldahl nitrogen analyzer (HGK-55), gas chromatograph (Agilent 7890A).

[0174] Results and analysis

[0175] 2.2.1 Investigation of mosses on the roots of Dendrobium nobile treated with Psoralea verrucosa and Psoralea cylindrica

[0176] The investigation of 200 baskets of mosses on the roots of Dendrobium nobile was conducted, and it was found that the mosses associated with Dendrobium nobile were mixed. In the treatment of single verrucous lamp moss and cypress leaf white hair moss, the species of mosses on the roots of Dendrobium nobile were still 4 to 8. The frequency of verrucous lamp moss and cypress leaf white hair moss with thin-walled Selaginella moss, short-rib feather moss, Bi La true moss, long-leafed nematode moss, glacier green moss, clustered true moss, and curled leaf phoenix tail moss was high, reaching more than 90%. The coverage rate of verrucous lamp moss mixed with curled leaf hairy mouth moss and curled leaf wetland moss was relatively large, close to 60%; the coverage rate of cypress leaf white hair moss mixed with thin-walled Selaginella moss and long-leafed nematode moss was relatively large, reaching 50%; the water content of mosses was quite different, ranging from 12.84% to 212.35%; the dry weight of moss biomass was 0.49g / basket to 6.02g / basket.

[0177] 2.2.2 Effects of treatment with Psoralea verrucosa and Psoralea juniper on the growth and yield of Dendrobium nobile

[0178] Different types of mosses associated with Dendrobium nobile had different effects on the number of leaves, stem diameter, stem length, number of stem nodes, and single branch dry weight of one-year-old Dendrobium nobile. The plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, number of stem nodes, and single branch dry weight of the treatments of Psoralea verrucosa, 1 / 2 Psoralea verrucosa and 1 / 2 Psoralea cylindrica and Psoralea cylindrica were significantly higher than those of the control treatment.

[0179] Table 6 Number of leaves, stem diameter, stem length, number of stem nodes, and stem weight of one-year-old Dendrobium nobile

[0180]

[0181] 2.2.3 Effects of treatment with Psoralea verrucosa and Psoralea juniper on the quality of Dendrobium nobile

[0182] The effects of different types of mosses on the moisture and ash content of two-year-old and three-year-old Dendrobium nobile were not very different, all of which were in line with the 2020 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. The extract and dendrobine content of the treatments of Psoralea verrucosa, 1 / 2 Psoralea verrucosa and 1 / 2 Psoralea cylindrica and Psoralea cylindrica were significantly higher than those of the control treatment, all meeting the standards of the 2020 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia.

[0183] Table 7 Effects of treatment with Psoralea verrucosa and Psoralea juniper on the content of dendrobium in the stems of biennial Dendrobium nobile (%)

[0184]

[0185] Table 8 Effects of treatment with Psoralea corylifolia and Psoralea juniper on the content of dendrobium in the stems of three-year-old Dendrobium nobile (%)

[0186]

[0187] Table 9 Effects of treatments with Psoralea corylifolia and Psoralea corylifolia on macroelements in the stems of Dendrobium nobile

[0188]

[0189] 2.3 Conclusion:

[0190] Two dominant mosses associated with Dendrobium nobile, Trichoderma verticillata and Trichoderma cylindrica, were used to cover the roots of Dendrobium nobile with Trichoderma verticillata, 1 / 2 Trichoderma verticillata and 1 / 2 Trichoderma cylindrica and Trichoderma cylindrica. It was found that Trichoderma verticillata and Trichoderma cylindrica increased the agronomic indicators and yield of one-year-old Dendrobium nobile, and increased the extract and dendrobine content of two-year-old and three-year-old Dendrobium nobile stems, with little effect on water and ash. It can increase the content of a large number of elements in the stems of some Dendrobium nobile, further verifying that Trichoderma verticillata and Trichoderma cylindrica are the dominant mosses associated with Dendrobium nobile.

Claims

1. A method for planting moss-associated Dendrobium nobile, characterized in that: The planting method is carried out according to the following steps: (1) Site selection: Choose a bare Danxia rock with an altitude of 300m-1000m and shaded by broad-leaved trees; (2) Land preparation: clearing away weeds, dead branches and leaves, and soil; (3) Transplanting time: Spring transplanting is from April to May, autumn transplanting is from September to October, and transplanting should be done on cloudy days; (4) Transplantation: Select two-year-old undamaged and disease-free Dendrobium nobile, plant them at a spacing of 30 cm × 30 cm, attach the fibrous roots and base of the Dendrobium nobile seedlings to the stone surface and fix them with wire clips. Let the roots spread naturally, and fix the wire clips 1.5 cm to 2.5 cm above the base of the main stem of the seedlings to ensure that the seedlings are stable on the stone surface, so as to obtain fixed Dendrobium nobile tissue culture seedlings; (5) Preparation of cow dung slurry: dilute the decomposed cow dung with water and set aside; (6) Apply the cow dung slurry to the root of the fixed Dendrobium nobile tissue culture seedlings, the root range of the plant is 80-120cm 2 The cow dung slurry extends from the root area to the stone surface area of ​​800-1000cm 2 ; (7) Use live moss to evenly and lightly stick it on the roots of the plants and the stone surface that has been brushed with cow dung slurry. Spray the roots of Dendrobium nobile, the stone surface and its moss with water. After the seedlings have grown, clean the dead branches and leaves on and around the plants every 10 to 20 days to ensure the normal growth of Dendrobium nobile and moss. The plants transplanted in spring can be harvested in October or November of the second year, and the plants transplanted in autumn can be harvested in October or November of the third year.

2. The method for planting moss-associated Dendrobium nobile as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (1), the relative humidity of the broad-leaved forest is 75% to 80%, and the shading degree is 55% to 70%.

3. The method for planting moss-associated Dendrobium nobile as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (3), the spring transplanting is carried out from April to May, and the autumn transplanting is carried out from September to October. The transplanting is carried out on cloudy days and the transplanting temperature is above 10°C.

4. The method for planting moss-associated Dendrobium nobile as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (5), the cow dung slurry is prepared by diluting the decomposed cow dung with water in a mass ratio of 1:2 to 4 for later use.

5. The method for planting moss-associated Dendrobium nobile as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: In the step (5), the cow dung slurry is prepared by diluting the decomposed cow dung with water in a mass ratio of 1:3 for later use.

6. The method for planting moss-associated Dendrobium nobile as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (6), the cow dung slurry is applied to the root of the fixed Dendrobium nobile tissue culture seedlings, and the root of the plant is within the range of 90-110 cm 2 The area of ​​the stone surface covered with cow dung slurry extending from the root area is 850-1050cm 2 .

7. The method for planting moss-associated Dendrobium nobile as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (6), the cow dung slurry is applied to the root of the fixed Dendrobium nobile tissue culture seedlings, and the root range of the plant is 100 cm 2 The cow dung slurry extends from the root area to the stone surface with an area of ​​900cm 2 .

8. The method for planting moss-associated Dendrobium nobile as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (7), the mosses are Psoralea corylifolia and Psoralea cypressii, and the mass ratio of the Psoralea corylifolia to Psoralea cypressii is 0.5-3:3-0.

5.

9. The method for planting moss-associated Dendrobium nobile as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that: In the step (7), the mosses are Psoralea corylifolia and Psoralea cylindrica, and the mass ratio of Psoralea corylifolia to Psoralea cylindrica is 1-3:3-1.

10. The method for planting moss-associated Dendrobium nobile as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (7), the moss also includes one or more of the following: Selaginella thin-walled, short-rib feather moss, Bira true moss, long-leafed new moss, glacier green moss, clustered true moss or curled leaf phoenix moss.

Images