Efficient separation device and separation method for micro-plastics in soil

Abstract

The invention discloses an efficient separation device and separation method for micro-plastics in soil, and relates to the technical field of micro-plastic separation. A separation bearing frame is fixedly installed on a separation control shaft, two arc-shaped supporting rings coaxial with the separation bearing frame are fixedly arranged on the outer side of the separation bearing frame, and a micro-plastic separation mechanism is arranged between the two arc-shaped supporting rings in a sliding mode and fixedly installed on the inner side of the separation bearing frame. The first gas guide pipe is provided with a second gas guide pipe and a plugging assembly, the conduction control assembly is slidably arranged on the separation bearing frame, the overflow control mechanism is horizontally slidably arranged at the top of the separation control mechanism, the aeration control mechanism is horizontally slidably arranged at the bottom of the separation control mechanism, and the aeration butt joint pipe is provided with a one-way valve. Through the combined action of falling of soil particles and upward movement of micro-bubbles, a large number of micro-plastic particles in soil float upwards to the water surface, and therefore air flotation separation of the micro-plastic particles in the soil particles is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of microplastic separation, and in particular relates to a highly efficient separation device and a separation method for microplastics in soil. Background Art

[0002] After long-term exposure to light, pyrolysis, collision wear, oxidation and other physical, chemical and biological effects, plastics gradually form solid particles or fragments with a particle size of less than 5 mm. These tiny plastic particles are called microplastics. Agricultural film is widely used in my country's farmland. Every year, the film fragments remaining in the soil are gradually decomposed into microplastic particles, which are continuously enriched in sediments, soil and other media, thereby affecting soil properties, soil functions and biodiversity, and interacting with soil minerals, humic acid, pesticides and fertilizers remaining in the soil and other organic pollutants, which pose a potential pollution to crops growing in the soil, thus bringing more far-reaching impacts to the ecological environment.

[0003] In the prior art, the method for separating microplastics in soil is mainly density separation, which uses salt solution to separate microplastics based on the characteristic that the density of plastics is lower than that of soil minerals. However, the density separation method requires the use of a large amount of salt solution, some of which, such as sodium iodide and zinc chloride, are harmful to the environment. The operation steps are cumbersome and time-consuming, which is not conducive to the efficient separation of microplastic particles in soil. To this end, we provide an efficient separation device and separation method for microplastics in soil to solve the above problems. . Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an efficient separation device and separation method for microplastics in soil, which solves the problems in the above-mentioned background technology through the specific structural design of the separation control mechanism, the microplastic separation mechanism, the overflow control mechanism and the aeration control mechanism.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0006] The present invention discloses a highly efficient separation device for microplastics in soil, comprising a separation control mechanism, wherein the separation control mechanism comprises a rotatably arranged separation control shaft, a separation carrier frame is fixedly mounted on the separation control shaft, and two arc-shaped support rings coaxial with the separation carrier frame are fixedly mounted on the outer side of the separation carrier frame; a microplastic separation mechanism, wherein the microplastic separation mechanism is slidably arranged between the two arc-shaped support rings, and the microplastic separation mechanism is fixedly mounted on the inner side of the separation carrier frame, and the microplastic separation mechanism comprises two bubble generating components symmetrically arranged up and down, wherein the bubble generating component comprises two first air guide tubes arranged in parallel and extending in opposite directions, and a second air guide tube and a blocking component are respectively mounted on the first air guide tube; a conduction control component, wherein the conduction control component is slidably arranged on the separation carrier frame, and two conduction control components are symmetrically arranged at the position of each bubble generating component, and the conduction control component comprises a synchronously moving a ventilation air pipe and an opening and closing control tooth plate, when the ventilation air pipe is controlled to move to be connected with the second air pipe, the opening and closing control tooth plate is used to drive the blocking component to rotate to clear the first air pipe; an overflow control mechanism, the overflow control mechanism is horizontally slidably arranged on the top of the separation control mechanism, and the connection with the microplastic separation mechanism is achieved by controlling the horizontal movement of the overflow control mechanism, so that the floating microplastics in the microplastic separation mechanism are discharged under the overflow action; and an aeration control mechanism, the aeration control mechanism is horizontally slidably arranged at the bottom of the separation control mechanism, the aeration control mechanism includes two aeration butt joints arranged opposite to each other, and the two aeration butt joints move toward each other, and a one-way valve is installed on the aeration butt joint, and the two aeration butt joints are controlled to approach each other to achieve connection with the corresponding ventilation air pipe, and the microbubbles generated by aeration realize the flotation separation of the microplastics gradually settling in the soil in the microplastic separation mechanism.

[0007] The present invention is further configured such that the separation control mechanism also includes a fixed frame, a horizontal support frame is fixedly arranged on the top of the fixed frame, the arc support ring is arranged on the inner side of the fixed frame and fixedly connected to the bottom of the horizontal support frame, the separation control shaft is rotatably arranged on the horizontal support frame, and the first motor output end fixedly installed on one side of the horizontal support frame is connected to the separation control shaft.

[0008] The present invention is further configured as follows: a second motor is fixedly installed on one side of the horizontal support frame, a first screw is rotatably arranged on the inner side of the horizontal support frame, an output end of the second motor is connected to the first screw, and a shifting hydraulic cylinder is installed on one side of the fixed frame near the bottom; a guide rod and a second screw are symmetrically arranged on the inner side of the separation carrier frame, the guide rod and the second screw are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence, the guide rod is fixedly connected to the separation carrier frame, the second screw is rotatably connected to the separation carrier frame, and the second screw is connected to the output end of a driving motor installed on the separation carrier frame.

[0009] The present invention is further configured such that the microplastic separation mechanism also includes a V-shaped separation pipe, which is fixedly connected to the separation carrier frame by a reinforcing plate, a connecting frame that slides between two arc-shaped support rings is fixedly arranged on one side of the V-shaped separation pipe, a few interference flow plates are rotatably arranged inside the V-shaped separation pipe, vertical separation pipes are fixedly installed on the upper and lower sides of the V-shaped separation pipe, a hollow overflow ring is fixedly sleeved on the outside of the vertical separation pipe, and two horizontal overflow pipes are symmetrically fixedly installed on the circumferential side of the hollow overflow ring, the horizontal overflow pipes pass through the interior of the vertical separation pipe and a first control valve is installed on the circumferential side thereof.

[0010] The present invention is further configured as follows: the bubble generating component also includes a pipe plugging seat, which is fixedly mounted on the end of the vertical separation pipe away from the V-shaped separation pipe, and a plurality of porous bubble tubes are mounted on the pipe plugging seat, and each porous bubble tube is connected through an air guide cavity, and the first air guide pipe is connected to the corresponding porous bubble tube; the plugging component includes an air pipe plugging ball rotatably mounted inside the first air guide pipe, a fixed shaft rotatably connected to the first air guide pipe is fixedly mounted on the peripheral side of the air pipe plugging ball, and a sealing control gear matched with the opening and closing control gear plate is fixedly mounted on the end of the fixed shaft.

[0011] The present invention is further configured such that the conduction control component also includes a moving part slidably sleeved on the guide rod, the moving part is threadably matched with the corresponding second screw rod, the conduction air pipe is fixedly arranged on the moving part and an arc-shaped positioning plate is fixed at one end thereof, the opening and closing control gear plate is fixedly arranged on the moving part, and the conduction air pipe is coaxially arranged with the corresponding second air pipe.

[0012] The present invention is further configured as follows: the overflow control mechanism includes a movable frame slidably arranged on the top of the horizontal support frame, the first screw rod is threadedly matched with the movable frame sleeved thereon, an overflow water tank is fixedly installed at the bottom of the movable frame, a T-shaped drain pipe connected to the overflow water tank is fixedly installed at the bottom of the overflow water tank, and two second control valves are symmetrically installed on the T-shaped drain pipe; the aeration control mechanism also includes an aeration box slidably arranged at the bottom of the fixed frame, the aeration box is connected to the output end of the transposition hydraulic cylinder, one end of the aeration butt pipe penetrates into the interior of the aeration box and the two are slidably matched, an air intake pipe connected to the interior of the aeration box is fixedly installed on one side of the aeration box, and a movable plate is connected to the output end of the docking hydraulic cylinder installed on the top of the aeration box, and the movable plate is slidably arranged on the top of the aeration box and fixedly connected to the corresponding aeration butt pipe.

[0013] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0014] 1. After the soil particles are added from the upper vertical separation pipe, the soil particles gradually fall downward along the upper vertical separation pipe, and then fall into the lower vertical separation pipe after passing through the V-shaped separation pipe. In this process, the microplastic particles in the soil particles are adsorbed by the bubbles through the combined effect of the falling of the soil particles and the upward movement of the microbubbles, so that a large number of microplastic particles in the soil float upward to the water surface in the upper vertical separation pipe, thereby realizing the flotation separation of the microplastic particles in the soil particles. The rotation of each spoiler can achieve the mixing of the descending soil particles, and at the same time prolong the residence time of the soil particles in the entire microplastic separation mechanism, thereby greatly improving the separation efficiency of the microplastic particles in the soil particles.

[0015] 2. The present invention controls the separation control shaft to rotate by the first motor, so that the separation carrier rotates 30° counterclockwise, then controls the overflow control mechanism to move to the rightmost position, and continues to control the separation control shaft to rotate by the first motor until the separation carrier completes the counterclockwise rotation of 180°, and controls the separation control shaft to rotate in the opposite direction again until the left port of the T-shaped discharge pipe is tightly plugged with the right horizontal overflow pipe on the upper vertical separation pipe. When the aeration control mechanism is driven to move to the right side to the corresponding position of the microplastic separation mechanism by the transposition hydraulic cylinder, the movable plate is controlled to move by the docking hydraulic cylinder. The aeration docking tube moves towards the direction of the ventilation tube until it is tightly connected with the corresponding ventilation tube. In this process, the ventilation tube is gradually inserted into the corresponding second air tube through the rotation of the second screw until the arc-shaped positioning plate is attached to the outer wall of the corresponding first air tube. At this time, the opening and closing control gear plate drives the air tube blocking ball to rotate 90° to achieve full dredging of the corresponding first air tube, and then high-purity N2 is transported into the first air tube to achieve flotation separation of microplastics again. This inverted flotation separation method can greatly improve the separation effect of microplastic particles in the soil.

[0016] Of course, any product implementing the present invention does not necessarily need to achieve all of the advantages described above at the same time. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings required for describing the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other accompanying drawings can be obtained based on these accompanying drawings without paying creative work.

[0018] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of a highly efficient separation device for microplastics in soil.

[0019] Figure 2 for Figure 1Side view of the structure.

[0020] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the separation control mechanism in the present invention.

[0021] Figure 4 for Figure 3 A magnified view of the local structure at point A.

[0022] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the microplastic separation mechanism in the present invention.

[0023] Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of the aeration control mechanism in the present invention.

[0024] Figure 7 It is a structural schematic diagram of the overflow control mechanism in the present invention.

[0025] Figure 8 It is a longitudinal structural cross-sectional view of the V-shaped separation pipe in the present invention.

[0026] Fig. 9 This is a diagram showing the coordination relationship among the bubble generating component, the plugging component and the vertical separation pipe in the present invention.

[0027] Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the blocking component in the present invention.

[0028] Fig.11 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the vertical separation pipeline in the present invention.

[0029] Fig.12 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the bubble generating component in the present invention.

[0030] Fig.13 for Fig.12 Schematic diagram of the structure from an upward perspective.

[0031] Fig.14 It is a structural schematic diagram of the conduction control component in the present invention.

[0032] In the accompanying drawings, the components represented by the reference numerals are listed as follows:

[0033] 1-separation control mechanism, 101-separation control shaft, 102-separation bearing frame, 103-arc support ring, 104-fixed frame, 105-horizontal support frame, 106-first motor, 107-second motor, 108-first screw, 109-transposition hydraulic cylinder, 110-guide rod, 111-second screw, 112-drive motor, 2-microplastic separation mechanism, 3-bubble generation component, 301-first air guide tube, 302-second air guide tube, 303-pipe plugging seat, 304-porous bubble tube, 4-plugging component, 401-trachea plugging ball, 402-plugging control gear, 5 -conduction control assembly, 501-conduction air pipe, 502-opening and closing control gear plate, 503-moving part, 504-arc positioning plate, 6-overflow control mechanism, 601-moving frame, 602-overflow water tank, 603-T-shaped discharge pipe, 604-second control valve, 7-aeration control mechanism, 701-aeration docking pipe, 702-aeration box, 703-inlet pipe, 704-docking hydraulic cylinder, 705-moving plate, 8-V-shaped separation pipe, 801-connecting frame, 802-spoiler, 9-vertical separation pipe, 901-hollow overflow ring, 902-horizontal overflow pipe, 903-first control valve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0035] For specific embodiment 1, please refer to Figure 1-14 The present invention is a highly efficient separation device for microplastics in soil, comprising a separation control mechanism 1, a microplastic separation mechanism 2, a conduction control component 5, an overflow control mechanism 6 and an aeration control mechanism 7; the separation control mechanism 1 comprises a rotatably arranged separation control shaft 101, a separation carrier 102 is fixedly mounted on the separation control shaft 101, and two arc-shaped support rings 103 coaxial with the separation carrier 102 are fixedly mounted on the outer side of the separation carrier 102; the microplastic separation mechanism 2 is slidably arranged between the two arc-shaped support rings 103, the microplastic separation mechanism 2 is fixedly mounted on the inner side of the separation carrier 102, the microplastic separation mechanism 2 comprises two bubble generating components 3 symmetrically arranged up and down, the bubble generating component 3 comprises two first air guide tubes 301 arranged in parallel and extending in opposite directions, and the first air guide tubes 301 are respectively mounted with second air guide tubes 302 and a blocking component 4;

[0036] The conduction control component 5 is slidably arranged on the separation carrier 102, and two conduction control components 5 are symmetrically arranged at the position of each bubble generating component 3. The conduction control component 5 includes a synchronously moving conduction air pipe 501 and an opening and closing control tooth plate 502. When the conduction air pipe 501 is controlled to move to be plugged with the second air pipe 302, the opening and closing control tooth plate 502 drives the blocking component 4 to rotate to clear the first air pipe 301; the overflow control mechanism 6 is horizontally slidably arranged on the top of the separation control mechanism 1, and the overflow control mechanism 6 is controlled to move horizontally to be connected with the microplastics. The plug-in connection of the separation mechanism 2 allows the floating microplastics in the microplastic separation mechanism 2 to be discharged under the action of overflow; the aeration control mechanism 7 is horizontally slidably arranged at the bottom of the separation control mechanism 1, and the aeration control mechanism 7 includes two aeration docking tubes 701 arranged opposite to each other, and the two aeration docking tubes 701 move toward each other. A one-way valve is installed on the aeration docking tube 701. By controlling the two aeration docking tubes 701 to approach each other and realize the plug-in connection with the corresponding conduction air pipe 501, the microbubbles generated by aeration realize the flotation separation of the microplastics in the gradually settled soil in the microplastic separation mechanism 2.

[0037] In this embodiment of the present invention, the separation control mechanism 1 also includes a fixed frame 104, a horizontal support frame 105 is fixedly arranged on the top of the fixed frame 104, an arc support ring 103 is arranged on the inner side of the fixed frame 104 and is fixedly connected to the bottom of the horizontal support frame 105, a separation control shaft 101 is rotatably arranged on the horizontal support frame 105, and an output end of a first motor 106 fixedly installed on one side of the horizontal support frame 105 is connected to the separation control shaft 101; a second motor 107 is fixedly installed on one side of the horizontal support frame 105, and a second motor 107 is rotatably arranged on the inner side of the horizontal support frame 105. The first screw 108, the output end of the second motor 107 is connected to the first screw 108, and a shifting hydraulic cylinder 109 is installed on one side of the fixed frame 104 near the bottom; the guide rod 110 and the second screw 111 are symmetrically arranged on the upper and lower sides of the inner side of the separation carrier 102, and the guide rod 110 and the second screw 111 are arranged one by one, the guide rod 110 and the separation carrier 102 are fixedly connected, the second screw 111 and the separation carrier 102 are rotatably connected, and the second screw 111 is connected to the output end of the driving motor 112 installed on the separation carrier 102.

[0038] In this embodiment of the present invention, the microplastic separation mechanism 2 also includes a V-shaped separation pipe 8, which is fixedly connected to the separation carrier 102 through a reinforcing plate. A connecting frame 801 that slides between two arc-shaped support rings 103 is fixedly arranged on one side of the V-shaped separation pipe 8. A flow interference plate 802 is rotatably arranged inside the V-shaped separation pipe 8. Vertical separation pipes 9 are fixedly installed on both the upper and lower sides of the V-shaped separation pipe 8. After soil particles are added from the upper vertical separation pipe 9, the soil particles gradually fall downward along the upper vertical separation pipe 9, and then fall into the lower vertical separation pipe 9 after passing through the V-shaped separation pipe 8. In this process, the soil particles fall and the microbubbles move upward. The microplastic particles in the soil particles are adsorbed by bubbles, so that a large number of microplastic particles in the soil float upward to the water surface in the vertical separation pipe 9 above, thereby realizing the flotation separation of the microplastic particles in the soil particles. The rotation of each spoiler 802 can achieve mixing of the descending soil particles, and at the same time extend the residence time of the soil particles in the entire microplastic separation mechanism 2, thereby greatly improving the separation efficiency of the microplastic particles in the soil particles. A hollow overflow ring 901 is fixedly sleeved on the outside of the vertical separation pipe 9, and two horizontal overflow pipes 902 are symmetrically fixedly installed on the side surface of the hollow overflow ring 901. The horizontal overflow pipe 902 passes through the interior of the vertical separation pipe 9 and a first control valve 903 is installed on its side.

[0039] In this embodiment of the present invention, the bubble generating assembly 3 further includes a pipe plugging seat 303, which is fixedly mounted on the end of the vertical separation pipe 9 away from the V-shaped separation pipe 8, and a plurality of porous bubble tubes 304 are mounted on the pipe plugging seat 303, each porous bubble tube 304 is connected through an air guide cavity, and the first air guide pipe 301 is connected to the corresponding porous bubble tube 304;

[0040] The blocking component 4 includes an airway blocking ball 401 rotatably installed inside the first airway 301, and a fixed shaft rotatably connected to the first airway 301 is fixedly arranged on the side surface of the airway blocking ball 401, and a blocking control gear 402 adapted to the opening and closing control gear plate 502 is fixedly arranged on the end of the fixed shaft; when the first airway 301 is in a cleared state by rotating the airway blocking ball 401, the first airway 301 is used to transport high-purity N2 to the corresponding porous bubble tube 304, and then the synchronous aeration of each porous bubble tube 304 is achieved through each air guide cavity, and the generated microbubbles gradually move upward from the vertical separation pipe 9 below. In this process, a large amount of microbubbles are adsorbed on the surface of the microplastic particles, and then the microplastic particles in the soil particles in the sedimentation process are transported upward, thereby achieving the separation of the microplastic particles in the soil.

[0041] In this embodiment of the present invention, the conduction control component 5 also includes a moving part 503 slidably sleeved on the guide rod 110, the moving part 503 is threadedly matched with the corresponding second screw rod 111, the conduction air pipe 501 is fixedly arranged on the moving part 503 and an arc-shaped positioning plate 504 is fixed at one end thereof, the opening and closing control gear plate 502 is fixedly arranged on the moving part 503, and the conduction air pipe 501 is coaxially arranged with the corresponding second air pipe 302; by controlling the second screw rod 111 to rotate, the moving part 503 slides along the guide rod 110, and in this process, the conduction air pipe 501 that moves synchronously with the moving part 503 is gradually inserted into the corresponding second air pipe 302 until the arc-shaped positioning plate 504 fits onto the outer wall of the corresponding first air pipe 301, and the conduction air pipe 501 is inserted into the second air pipe 302 and continues to When sliding, the opening and closing control gear plate 502 drives the blocking control gear 402 on the corresponding first air duct 301 to rotate. When the arc-shaped positioning plate 504 just fits against the outer wall of the corresponding first air duct 301, the opening and closing control gear plate 502 drives the airway blocking ball 401 to rotate 90° to achieve full unblocking of the corresponding first air duct 301, and then high-purity N2 can be transported into the first air duct 301. It should be noted that when controlling the opening of each airway blocking ball 401 on the lower vertical separation pipe 9, each airway blocking ball 401 on the upper vertical separation pipe 9 is opened at the same time (to ensure that microbubbles can be discharged along the upper first air ducts 301), and when closing each airway blocking ball 401 on the lower vertical separation pipe 9, each airway blocking ball 401 on the upper vertical separation pipe 9 is also closed at the same time.

[0042] Specific embodiment 2, on the basis of specific embodiment 1, the overflow control mechanism 6 includes a mobile frame 601 slidably arranged on the top of the horizontal support frame 105, the first screw 108 is threadedly matched with the mobile frame 601 sleeved thereon, an overflow water tank 602 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the mobile frame 601, and a T-shaped drainage pipe 603 connected thereto is fixedly installed at the bottom of the overflow water tank 602, and two second control valves 604 are symmetrically installed on the T-shaped drainage pipe 603; after completing a period of aeration treatment, water is transported to the vertical separation pipe 9 upward through the overflow water tank 602 and the T-shaped drainage pipe 603, so that the water level in the entire microplastic separation mechanism 2 gradually rises, and when the water level reaches Figure 1 When the horizontal overflow pipe 902 on the right side is in the position shown, the water flow in the upper vertical separation pipe 9 carries the microplastic particles and is discharged along the horizontal overflow pipe 902 on the right side for collection, thereby achieving the separation of the microplastic particles from the soil particles. After a period of overflow and drainage, the two first control valves 903 on the upper vertical separation pipe 9 are controlled to be closed;

[0043] The aeration control mechanism 7 also includes an aeration box 702 slidably arranged at the bottom of the fixed frame 104, the aeration box 702 is connected to the output end of the transposition hydraulic cylinder 109, one end of the aeration butt joint pipe 701 penetrates into the aeration box 702 and the two are slidably matched, an air intake pipe 703 connected to the interior of the aeration box 702 is fixedly installed on one side of the aeration box 702 (the air intake pipe 703 is connected to the nitrogen tank through a gas hose), and a movable plate 705 is connected to the output end of the butt joint hydraulic cylinder 704 installed on the top of the aeration box 702, and the movable plate 705 is slidably arranged on the top of the aeration box 702 and is connected to the butt joint hydraulic cylinder 704. The aeration docking tube 701 should be fixedly connected; the aeration docking tube 701 is moved in the direction close to the ventilation pipe 501 by controlling the movement of the movable plate 705 through the docking hydraulic cylinder 704, until the aeration docking tube 701 is tightly plugged with the corresponding ventilation pipe 501, the control valve on the nitrogen tank is opened to allow the nitrogen to enter the aeration box 702 along the gas hose and the air inlet pipe 703, and then pass through the aeration docking tube 701, the ventilation pipe 501, the first air pipe 301 and the porous bubble tube 304 in sequence to enter the vertical separation pipe 9 below to generate microbubbles.

[0044] like Figure 2 As shown, after controlling the tight connection between the aeration butt joint 701 and the corresponding ventilation air pipe 501, the first screw 108 is controlled to rotate by the second motor 107, so that the overflow control mechanism 6 moves to the right until the right port of the T-shaped discharge pipe 603 is tightly connected with the left horizontal overflow pipe 902 on the upper vertical separation pipe 9, and a certain amount of water is poured from the upper vertical separation pipe 9 until the set liquid level is reached, and then high-purity N2 is transported into the lower vertical separation pipe 9, and then a certain amount of soil particles are added into the vertical separation pipe 9, and the corresponding bubble generation component 3 is fixedly installed on the top of the upper vertical separation pipe 9, and then the microplastic particles in the settled soil particles are separated after a period of aeration, and the separated microplastic particles float on the water surface;

[0045] After a period of aeration treatment, the second control valve 604 on the right is opened, and at the same time, the two first control valves 903 on the upper vertical separation pipe 9 are opened, and water is transported to the upper vertical separation pipe 9 through the overflow water tank 602 and the T-shaped discharge pipe 603 (relying on the self-flow of water inside the overflow water tank 602), so that the water level in the entire microplastic separation mechanism 2 gradually rises. When the water level reaches Figure 1 When the horizontal overflow pipe 902 on the right side is in the position shown, the water flow in the upper vertical separation pipe 9 carries the microplastic particles and is discharged along the horizontal overflow pipe 902 on the right side for collection, thereby achieving the separation of the microplastic particles from the soil particles. After a period of overflow and drainage, the two first control valves 903 on the upper vertical separation pipe 9 are controlled to be closed, and the second control valve 604 on the right side is closed at the same time;

[0046] Next, the first screw 108 is controlled by the second motor 107 to rotate in the opposite direction, so that the overflow control mechanism 6 moves to the left and returns to the initial position. At this time, the right port of the T-shaped discharge pipe 603 is completely separated from the horizontal overflow pipe 902 on the left side of the upper vertical separation pipe 9. While the two aeration docking pipes 701 are controlled by the docking hydraulic cylinder 704 to move away from the ventilation pipe 501 at the same time, the second screw 111 is controlled to rotate in the opposite direction, so that the moving part 503 slides along the guide rod 110 and returns to the initial position. At this time, the ventilation pipe 501 is separated from the second air pipe 302. In this process, the opening and closing control gear plate 502 drives the blocking control gear 402 on the corresponding first air pipe 301 to rotate in the opposite direction by 90°, and each first air pipe 301 on the lower vertical separation pipe 9 is blocked again, and the aeration docking pipe 701 is separated from the ventilation pipe 501, and then the high-purity N2 is stopped from being transported into the first air pipe 301.

[0047] Then, the first motor 106 controls the separation control shaft 101 to rotate, so that the separation carrier 102 rotates 30° counterclockwise, and then the second motor 107 controls the first screw 108 to rotate until the overflow control mechanism 6 moves to the rightmost position, and then the first motor 106 continues to control the separation control shaft 101 to rotate until the separation carrier 102 completes a counterclockwise rotation of 180° (i.e., moves to the rightmost position). Figure 2 The separation control shaft 101 is controlled to rotate in the opposite direction again until the left port of the T-shaped discharge pipe 603 is tightly plugged with the right horizontal overflow pipe 902 on the upper vertical separation pipe 9. When the aeration control mechanism 7 is driven to move to the right side to the corresponding position of the microplastic separation mechanism 2 by the transposition hydraulic cylinder 109, the movement of the moving plate 705 is controlled by the docking hydraulic cylinder 704 to move the aeration docking pipe 701 toward the direction close to the ventilation pipe 501 until the aeration docking pipe 701 is 01 is tightly plugged with the corresponding airway 501. During this process, the second screw 111 is rotated to gradually insert the airway 501 into the corresponding second airway 302 until the arc-shaped positioning plate 504 is attached to the outer wall of the corresponding first airway 301. At this time, the opening and closing control gear plate 502 drives the airway blocking ball 401 to rotate 90° to achieve full dredging of the corresponding first airway 301, and then high-purity N2 is transported into the first airway 301 to achieve the flotation separation of microplastics again;

[0048] After a period of aeration treatment is completed again, the second control valve 604 on the left is opened while the two first control valves 903 on the upper vertical separation pipe 9 are opened, and water is transported into the upper vertical separation pipe 9 through the overflow water tank 602 and the T-shaped discharge pipe 603 (relying on the gravity of the water inside the overflow water tank 602), so that the water in the upper vertical separation pipe 9 carries the microplastic particles and is discharged along the horizontal overflow pipe 902 on the left for collection, thereby realizing the separation of the microplastic particles in the soil particles again. After a period of overflow and drainage, the two first control valves 903 on the upper vertical separation pipe 9 are controlled to be closed, and the second control valve 604 on the left is closed at the same time;

[0049] Subsequently, the first screw 108 is controlled to rotate by the second motor 107, so that the overflow control mechanism 6 moves to the right and returns to the initial position. At this time, the left port of the T-shaped discharge pipe 603 is completely separated from the horizontal overflow pipe 902 on the right side of the upper vertical separation pipe 9. While the two aeration docking pipes 701 are controlled by the docking hydraulic cylinder 704 to move away from the ventilation pipe 501 at the same time, the second screw 111 is controlled to rotate so that the moving part 503 slides along the guide rod 110 and returns to the initial position. At this time, the ventilation pipe 501 is separated from the second air pipe 302. In this process, the opening and closing control gear plate 502 drives the blocking control gear 402 on the corresponding first air pipe 301 to rotate 90° in the opposite direction, and each first air pipe 301 on the lower vertical separation pipe 9 is blocked again, and the aeration docking pipe 701 is separated from the ventilation pipe 501, and then the high-purity N2 is stopped from being transported into the first air pipe 301.

[0050] Next, the first motor 106 is used to control the separation control shaft 101 to rotate again, so that the separation carrier 102 rotates 30° clockwise, and then the second motor 107 is used to control the first screw 108 to rotate until the overflow control mechanism 6 moves to the leftmost position, and then the first motor 106 is used to control the separation control shaft 101 to rotate until the separation carrier 102 completes a clockwise rotation of 180° (i.e., returns to the leftmost position). Figure 2 The separation control shaft 101 is controlled to rotate in the opposite direction again until the right end of the T-shaped discharge pipe 603 is tightly plugged into the left horizontal overflow pipe 902 on the upper vertical separation pipe 9. When the aeration control mechanism 7 is driven to move to the left to the corresponding position of the microplastic separation mechanism 2 by the transposition hydraulic cylinder 109 (i.e., the aeration control mechanism 7 returns to the position of the microplastic separation mechanism 2), the separation control shaft 101 is controlled to rotate in the opposite direction again until the right end of the T-shaped discharge pipe 603 is tightly plugged into the left horizontal overflow pipe 902 on the upper vertical separation pipe 9. Figure 2The aeration docking tube 701 is moved toward the direction of the ventilation tube 501 by controlling the movement of the movable plate 705 through the docking hydraulic cylinder 704, until the aeration docking tube 701 is tightly plugged with the corresponding ventilation tube 501. In this process, the ventilation tube 501 is gradually inserted into the corresponding second air tube 302 through the rotation of the second screw 111, until the arc-shaped positioning plate 504 is attached to the outer wall of the corresponding first air tube 301. At this time, the opening and closing control tooth plate 502 drives the air tube blocking ball 401 to rotate 90° to achieve full dredging of the corresponding first air tube 301, and then high-purity N2 is transported into the first air tube 301 to achieve the flotation separation of microplastics again. In this way, the microplastic particles in the soil particles initially added can be fully separated.

[0051] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "example", "specific example", etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representation of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner.

[0052] The preferred embodiments of the present invention disclosed above are only used to help illustrate the present invention. The preferred embodiments do not describe all the details in detail, nor do they limit the invention to the specific implementation methods described. Obviously, many modifications and changes can be made according to the content of this specification. This specification selects and specifically describes these embodiments in order to better explain the principles and practical applications of the present invention, so that those skilled in the art can understand and use the present invention well. The present invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.

Claims

1. An efficient separation device for microplastics in soil, characterized in that: include: A separation control mechanism (1), the separation control mechanism (1) comprising a rotatably arranged separation control shaft (101), a separation support frame (102) being fixedly mounted on the separation control shaft (101), and two arc-shaped support rings (103) coaxially arranged on the outer side of the separation support frame (102); A microplastic separation mechanism (2), wherein the microplastic separation mechanism (2) is slidably arranged between the two arc-shaped support rings (103), the microplastic separation mechanism (2) is fixedly installed on the inner side of the separation support frame (102), the microplastic separation mechanism (2) comprises two bubble generation components (3) symmetrically arranged up and down, the bubble generation component (3) comprises two first air guide tubes (301) arranged in parallel and extending in opposite directions, and the first air guide tubes (301) are respectively installed with a second air guide tube (302) and a blocking component (4); A conduction control component (5), the conduction control component (5) being slidably arranged on the separation carrier (102), and two conduction control components (5) being symmetrically arranged at the position of each bubble generating component (3), the conduction control component (5) comprising a synchronously moving conduction air pipe (501) and an opening and closing control tooth plate (502), and when the conduction air pipe (501) is controlled to move to be plugged with the second conduction air pipe (302), the opening and closing control tooth plate (502) drives the blocking component (4) to rotate to achieve unblocking of the first conduction air pipe (301); An overflow control mechanism (6), wherein the overflow control mechanism (6) is horizontally slidably arranged on the top of the separation control mechanism (1), and is connected with the microplastic separation mechanism (2) by controlling the horizontal movement of the overflow control mechanism (6), so that the microplastics floating in the microplastic separation mechanism (2) are discharged under the action of overflow; and an aeration control mechanism (7), wherein the aeration control mechanism (7) is horizontally slidably arranged at the bottom of the separation control mechanism (1), the aeration control mechanism (7) comprises two aeration butt joints (701) arranged opposite to each other, and the two aeration butt joints (701) move towards each other, and a one-way valve is installed on the aeration butt joints (701), and after the two aeration butt joints (701) are controlled to approach each other and are connected to the corresponding air conduction pipes (501) by plugging, the microbubbles generated by aeration realize the flotation separation of the microplastics in the soil that gradually settles in the microplastic separation mechanism (2).

2. The efficient separation device for microplastics in soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: The separation control mechanism (1) further comprises a fixed frame (104), a horizontal support frame (105) being fixedly arranged on the top of the fixed frame (104), the arc-shaped support ring (103) being arranged on the inner side of the fixed frame (104) and fixedly connected to the bottom of the horizontal support frame (105), the separation control shaft (101) being rotatably arranged on the horizontal support frame (105), and an output end of a first motor (106) fixedly installed on one side of the horizontal support frame (105) being connected to the separation control shaft (101).

3. The efficient separation device for microplastics in soil according to claim 2, characterized in that: A second motor (107) is fixedly mounted on one side of the horizontal support frame (105), a first screw rod (108) is rotatably mounted inside the horizontal support frame (105), an output end of the second motor (107) is connected to the first screw rod (108), and a transposition hydraulic cylinder (109) is mounted on one side of the fixed frame (104) near the bottom; A guide rod (110) and a second screw rod (111) are symmetrically arranged on the inner side of the separation carrier (102) in an upper and lower manner. The guide rod (110) and the second screw rod (111) are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence. The guide rod (110) and the separation carrier (102) are fixedly connected, and the second screw rod (111) and the separation carrier (102) are rotationally connected. The second screw rod (111) is connected to the output end of a driving motor (112) installed on the separation carrier (102).

4. The efficient separation device for microplastics in soil according to claim 3, characterized in that: The microplastic separation mechanism (2) further comprises a V-shaped separation pipe (8), wherein the V-shaped separation pipe (8) is fixedly connected to the separation support frame (102) via a reinforcing plate, a connecting frame (801) is fixedly arranged on one side of the V-shaped separation pipe (8) and is slidably fitted between two arc-shaped support rings (103), a plurality of interfering flow plates (802) are rotatably arranged inside the V-shaped separation pipe (8), a vertical separation pipe (9) is fixedly installed on both the upper and lower sides of the V-shaped separation pipe (8), a hollow overflow ring (901) is fixedly sleeved on the outside of the vertical separation pipe (9), and two horizontal overflow pipes (902) are symmetrically fixedly installed on the peripheral side of the hollow overflow ring (901), and the horizontal overflow pipe (902) passes through the interior of the vertical separation pipe (9) and a first control valve (903) is installed on the peripheral side thereof.

5. The efficient separation device for microplastics in soil according to claim 4, characterized in that: The bubble generating assembly (3) further comprises a pipeline plugging seat (303), the pipeline plugging seat (303) being fixedly mounted on the end of the vertical separation pipeline (9) away from the V-shaped separation pipeline (8), a plurality of porous bubble tubes (304) being mounted on the pipeline plugging seat (303), the porous bubble tubes (304) being connected to each other via an air guide cavity, and the first air guide tube (301) being connected to the corresponding porous bubble tube (304); The blocking assembly (4) comprises an airway blocking ball (401) rotatably mounted inside the first airway (301); a fixed shaft rotatably connected to the first airway (301) is fixedly arranged on the peripheral side of the airway blocking ball (401); a blocking control gear (402) adapted to the opening and closing control gear plate (502) is fixedly arranged at the end of the fixed shaft.

6. The efficient separation device for microplastics in soil according to claim 5, characterized in that: The conduction control assembly (5) further comprises a moving part (503) slidably sleeved on the guide rod (110), the moving part (503) being threadedly matched with the corresponding second screw rod (111), the conduction air pipe (501) being fixedly arranged on the moving part (503) and having an arc-shaped positioning plate (504) fixed at one end thereof, the opening and closing control tooth plate (502) being fixedly arranged on the moving part (503), and the conduction air pipe (501) being coaxially arranged with the corresponding second conduction air pipe (302).

7. The efficient separation device for microplastics in soil according to claim 6, characterized in that: The overflow control mechanism (6) comprises a movable frame (601) slidably arranged on the top of the horizontal support frame (105); the first screw rod (108) is threadedly matched with the movable frame (601) sleeved thereon; an overflow water tank (602) is fixedly installed at the bottom of the movable frame (601); a T-shaped drainage pipe (603) connected to the overflow water tank (602) is fixedly installed at the bottom of the overflow water tank (602); and two second control valves (604) are symmetrically installed on the T-shaped drainage pipe (603); The aeration control mechanism (7) further comprises an aeration box (702) slidably arranged at the bottom of the fixed frame (104); the aeration box (702) is connected to the output end of the transposition hydraulic cylinder (109); one end of the aeration butt joint pipe (701) penetrates into the interior of the aeration box (702) and the two are slidably matched; an air inlet pipe (703) connected to the interior of the aeration box (702) is fixedly installed on one side of the aeration box (702); the output end of the butt joint hydraulic cylinder (704) installed on the top of the aeration box (702) is connected to a movable plate (705); the movable plate (705) is slidably arranged on the top of the aeration box (702) and is fixedly connected to the corresponding aeration butt joint pipe (701).

8. The separation method of a highly efficient separation device for microplastics in soil as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that: The steps include: S01. After controlling the aeration butt joint (701) and the corresponding ventilation pipe (501) to be tightly plugged, the first screw (108) is controlled to rotate by the second motor (107), so that the overflow control mechanism (6) moves to the right until the right end of the T-shaped discharge pipe (603) is tightly plugged with the left horizontal overflow pipe (902) on the upper vertical separation pipe (9), a certain amount of water is poured from the upper vertical separation pipe (9) until the set liquid level is reached, and then high-purity N2 is transported into the lower vertical separation pipe (9), and then a certain amount of soil particles are added into the vertical separation pipe (9), and the corresponding bubble generation component (3) is fixedly installed on the top of the upper vertical separation pipe (9), and then the microplastic particles in the settled soil particles are separated after aeration for a period of time, and the separated microplastic particles float on the water surface; S02. After a period of aeration treatment, the second control valve (604) on the right is opened and the two first control valves (903) on the upper vertical separation pipe (9) are opened at the same time. Water is transported into the upper vertical separation pipe (9) through the overflow water tank (602) and the T-shaped discharge pipe (603), so that the water level in the entire microplastic separation mechanism (2) gradually rises. The water in the upper vertical separation pipe (9) carries the microplastic particles and is discharged along the horizontal overflow pipe (902) on the right for collection, thereby achieving the separation of microplastic particles from soil particles. After a period of overflow and drainage, the two first control valves (903) on the upper vertical separation pipe (9) are controlled to be closed, and the second control valve (604) on the right is closed at the same time. S03, the first screw (108) is controlled by the second motor (107) to rotate in the reverse direction, so that the overflow control mechanism (6) moves to the left and returns to the initial position. At this time, the right end of the T-shaped discharge pipe (603) is completely separated from the horizontal overflow pipe (902) on the left side of the upper vertical separation pipe (9). While the two aeration docking pipes (701) are controlled by the docking hydraulic cylinder (704) to move away from the air conduction pipe (501), the second screw (111) is controlled to rotate in the reverse direction, so that the moving part (503) Slide along the guide rod (110) back to the initial position, at which time the ventilation air pipe (501) is separated from the second air pipe (302). During this process, the opening and closing control gear plate (502) drives the blocking control gear (402) on the corresponding first air pipe (301) to rotate 90 degrees in the opposite direction, and each first air pipe (301) on the vertical separation pipeline (9) below is blocked again, and the aeration docking pipe (701) is separated from the ventilation air pipe (501), and then the high-purity N2 is stopped from being transported into the first air pipe (301); S04, then the separation control shaft (101) is controlled to rotate by the first motor (106), so that the separation support frame (102) rotates 30° counterclockwise, and then the first screw (108) is controlled to rotate by the second motor (107) until the overflow control mechanism (6) moves to the rightmost position, and then the separation control shaft (101) is controlled to rotate by the first motor (106) until the separation support frame (102) completes the counterclockwise rotation of 180°, and then the separation control shaft (101) is controlled to rotate in the opposite direction again until the left end of the T-shaped discharge pipe (603) is tightly plugged into the right horizontal overflow pipe (902) on the upper vertical separation pipe (9), and then the aeration control mechanism (7) is driven to move to the right to the microplastic separation position by the transposition hydraulic cylinder (109). When the aeration connecting pipe (701) is in the corresponding position of the mechanism (2), the connecting hydraulic cylinder (704) controls the moving plate (705) to move so that the aeration connecting pipe (701) moves towards the direction close to the ventilation pipe (501) until the aeration connecting pipe (701) is tightly plugged with the corresponding ventilation pipe (501). During this process, the second screw (111) is rotated to gradually insert the ventilation pipe (501) into the corresponding second ventilation pipe (302) until the arc-shaped positioning plate (504) is attached to the outer wall of the corresponding first ventilation pipe (301). At this time, the opening and closing control tooth plate (502) drives the air pipe blocking ball (401) to rotate 90 degrees to achieve full dredging of the corresponding first ventilation pipe (301), and then high-purity N2 is transported into the first ventilation pipe (301) to achieve the flotation separation of microplastics again; S05. After aeration treatment is completed for a period of time again, the second control valve (604) on the left is opened and the two first control valves (903) on the upper vertical separation pipe (9) are opened at the same time, and water is transported into the upper vertical separation pipe (9) through the overflow water tank (602) and the T-shaped discharge pipe (603), so that the water in the upper vertical separation pipe (9) carries the microplastic particles and is discharged along the horizontal overflow pipe (902) on the left for collection, thereby achieving the separation of the microplastic particles from the soil particles again. After a period of overflow and drainage, the two first control valves (903) on the upper vertical separation pipe (9) are controlled to be closed, and the second control valve (604) on the left is closed at the same time; S06, the first screw (108) is controlled to rotate by the second motor (107), so that the overflow control mechanism (6) moves to the right side and returns to the initial position. At this time, the left end of the T-shaped discharge pipe (603) is completely separated from the horizontal overflow pipe (902) on the right side of the upper vertical separation pipe (9). While the two aeration docking pipes (701) are controlled to move away from the air conduction pipe (501) by the docking hydraulic cylinder (704), the second screw (111) is controlled to rotate so that the moving part (503) moves along the The guide rod (110) slides back to the initial position, and the ventilation pipe (501) is now separated from the second air pipe (302). During this process, the opening and closing control gear plate (502) drives the blocking control gear (402) on the corresponding first air pipe (301) to rotate 90 degrees in the opposite direction, and each first air pipe (301) on the vertical separation pipe (9) below is blocked again, and the aeration docking pipe (701) is separated from the ventilation pipe (501), and then the high-purity N2 is stopped from being transported into the first air pipe (301); S07, the separation control shaft (101) is controlled to rotate again by the first motor (106), so that the separation support frame (102) rotates 30° clockwise, and then the first screw (108) is controlled to rotate by the second motor (107) until the overflow control mechanism (6) moves to the leftmost position, and then the separation control shaft (101) is controlled to rotate by the first motor (106) until the separation support frame (102) completes the clockwise rotation of 180°, and the separation control shaft (101) is controlled to rotate in the opposite direction again until the right end of the T-shaped discharge pipe (603) is tightly plugged into the left horizontal overflow pipe (902) on the upper vertical separation pipe (9), and when the aeration control mechanism (7) is driven to move to the left to the corresponding position of the microplastic separation mechanism (2) by the transposition hydraulic cylinder (109), The hydraulic cylinder (704) controls the movement of the movable plate (705) so that the aeration butt joint tube (701) moves toward the direction of approaching the ventilation tube (501) until the aeration butt joint tube (701) is tightly plugged with the corresponding ventilation tube (501). During this process, the ventilation tube (501) is gradually inserted into the corresponding second ventilation tube (302) by the rotation of the second screw (111) until the arc-shaped positioning plate (504) is attached to the outer wall of the corresponding first ventilation tube (301). At this time, the opening and closing control tooth plate (502) drives the air pipe blocking ball (401) to rotate 90 degrees to achieve full dredging of the corresponding first ventilation tube (301). Subsequently, high-purity N2 is transported into the first ventilation tube (301) to achieve the flotation separation of microplastics again. In this way, the microplastic particles in the soil particles initially added can be fully separated.

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