Laser texturing device and method for improving adhesive force of gear end face to lubricating oil

Abstract

The invention provides a laser texturing device and method for improving the adhesive force of a gear end face to lubricating oil, the device comprises a rack, the upper surface of the rack is marked as an experimental platform, a positioner and a controller are placed on the experimental platform, a lifting mechanism is assembled on the experimental platform, a gear to be processed is installed on a chuck of the positioner, and the chuck of the positioner is connected with the controller. Starting and stopping of the positioner and rotation of the chuck can be controlled through the controller, the lifting mechanism can drive the laser head to ascend and descend so that laser can be focused on the end face of the gear, the laser head is connected with the nanosecond laser device through an optical fiber, and the laser head and the nanosecond laser device are both connected with the controller. Nanosecond pulse laser emitted by the nanosecond laser enters the laser head, and the nanosecond pulse laser sequentially passes through a collimation and beam expanding lens, an X-Y scanning galvanometer and a focus lens in the laser head and then is emitted out; and the gear at the chuck is subjected to laser texturing treatment through nanosecond pulse laser from the laser head. The device and the method can reduce lubricating oil escaping between the end face of the gear and the gasket.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of laser processing technology, and in particular to a laser texturing device and method for improving the adhesion of a gear end face to lubricating oil. Background Art

[0002] When the main shaft or gear is rotating at high speed, the lubricating oil between the main shaft and the gear will gradually be discharged outward due to extrusion, centrifugal force and other reasons, and then escape from the gap between the gear end face and the gasket. This will cause the friction contact area between the main shaft and the gear to lack the support of the oil film, resulting in severe friction and wear. Summary of the invention

[0003] In order to solve the problems existing in the prior art, the present application proposes a laser texturing device and method for improving the adhesion of the gear end face to the lubricating oil.

[0004] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, one aspect of the present application proposes a laser texturing device for improving the adhesion of the gear end face to the lubricating oil, comprising a frame, the upper surface of the frame is recorded as an experimental platform, a positioner and a controller are placed on the experimental platform, a lifting mechanism is installed on the experimental platform, the gear to be processed is mounted on the chuck of the positioner, the start and stop of the positioner and the rotation of the chuck can be controlled by the controller, the lifting mechanism can drive the laser head to perform lifting and lowering movements to achieve laser focusing on the gear end face, the laser head and the nanosecond laser are connected to the controller through an optical fiber, the laser head and the nanosecond laser are both connected to the controller, the nanosecond pulse laser emitted by the nanosecond laser is incident on the laser head, and the nanosecond pulse laser is emitted after passing through the collimating beam expander, the XY scanning galvanometer and the focusing mirror in the laser head in sequence; the gear at the chuck is laser texturing treated by the nanosecond pulse laser from the laser head.

[0005] Another aspect of the present application provides a laser texturing method for improving the adhesion of the gear end surface to the lubricating oil based on the above device, comprising the following steps:

[0006] Step 1: Assemble the gear to be processed onto the positioner, clamp it with a chuck, adjust the position of the chuck so that the end face of the gear is parallel to the experimental platform of the rack, and move the positioner so that the gear is placed directly under the laser head;

[0007] Step 2: Adjust the distance between the laser head and the gear end face so that the nanosecond pulse laser is focused on the gear end face;

[0008] Step 3: Set the scanning path during laser texturing on the controller. The scanning path is as follows: several wireframes, each wireframe is arranged radially along the gear in sequence. The wireframe is a square with side length L. Multiple filling lines are evenly arranged inside the wireframe, and the distance between adjacent two filling lines is d. The distance between the two radially outward sides of the first and the last wireframes is D. D1 is the root circle diameter of the gear to be processed, D2 is the shaft hole diameter of the gear to be processed, the distance between the centers of adjacent two wireframes is s. The scanning path of each wireframe is: the nanosecond pulsed laser first scans each filling line in sequence. During scanning, scan one filling line along one direction, and then scan the adjacent filling line along the opposite direction until all filling lines are scanned; then scan the four sides of the wireframe in sequence.

[0009] Step 4: Select all wireframes, turn on the red light preview, and adjust the position of the indexing machine so that the red light preview trajectories generated by all wireframes are in the radial direction of the gear end face, and the red light preview trajectories exactly irradiate the entire gear end face.

[0010] Step 5: Through the time coordination of the on / off of the nanosecond laser and the start / stop of the indexing machine, perform laser ablation treatment on the gear end face to process a rough surface with a micropore density greater than 100 pieces / mm 2 and a micropore depth of h, where h > 100 μm.

[0011] In some embodiments, the root circle diameter of the gear to be processed is D1, and D1 ranges from 80 mm to 100 mm. The shaft hole diameter is D2, and D2 ranges from 50 mm to 70 mm.

[0012] In some embodiments, before the step 1, clean the gear end face.

[0013] In some embodiments, in the step 3, the wireframe is a square with side length L, 0.05 mm < L < 0.1 mm, and the distance between adjacent two filling lines is d, 0.005 mm < d < 0.02 mm.

[0014] In some embodiments, the step 5 includes the following steps:

[0015] Step 501: The X-Y scanning galvanometer of the laser head executes the scanning path set in the step 3, so that the nanosecond pulsed laser emitted by the laser head ablates a number of micropores on the gear end face, that is, each wireframe corresponds to a micropore, and each micropore is arranged radially along the gear in sequence. The indexing machine does not move during the ablation process.

[0016] Step 502: After ablation, the nanosecond laser stops, and the indexing machine drives the gear to rotate a preset angle θ. Wherein, N is the number of rotations, s is the distance between the centers of two adjacent wireframes, D1 is the root circle diameter of the gear to be processed, and D2 is the shaft hole diameter of the gear to be processed;

[0017] Step 503: After the rotation is completed, repeat step 501 to ablate a number of micro holes on the end face of the gear;

[0018] Step 504: Repeat steps 502 to 503 until the entire gear end face is ablated once, thereby processing a micropore density of ρ on the gear end face. w , a rough surface with a micropore depth of h, where s is the distance between the centers of two adjacent wireframes, h>100μm.

[0019] In some embodiments, in step 501, the nanosecond laser output laser repetition frequency is: 75kHz~125kHz, laser power is: 80W~100W, laser scanning repetition times is: 10-20 times, and the scanning speed of the XY scanning galvanometer is 5mm / s~20mm / s.

[0020] The beneficial effect of the scheme of the present application is that the laser texturing device and method for improving the adhesion of the gear end face to the lubricating oil can reduce the escape of the lubricating oil from between the gear end face and the gasket, so that the lubricating oil is stored between the main shaft and the gear as much as possible, thereby reducing the friction and wear between the main shaft and the gear, and improving the service life of the main shaft and the gear. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 A schematic diagram and a wireframe schematic diagram of laser texturing in an embodiment are shown.

[0022] Figure 2 A schematic structural diagram of a laser texturing device in an embodiment is shown.

[0023] Figure 3 The figure shows the macroscopic formation of the gear end face after laser roughening.

[0024] Figure 4 The 3D topography of the gear end surface microstructure after laser roughening is shown.

[0025] Figure numbers: 1-frame, 2-lifting mechanism, 3-positioner, 4-laser head, 5-nanosecond laser, 6-controller, 7-screw, 8-lifting platform, 9-motor, 10-chuck, 11-switch, 12-cooling device, 13-housing, 14-focusing lens, 15-gear, 16-experimental platform, 17-support frame. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The specific implementation of the present application is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0027] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "first", "second", etc. are used to distinguish similar objects, rather than to describe or indicate a specific order or sequence. The terms "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc. indicate directions or positional relationships based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the referred device or element must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present application.

[0028] like Figures 1-2 As shown, the laser texturing device for improving the adhesion of the gear end face to the lubricating oil involved in the present application includes a frame 1, the upper surface of the frame 1 is recorded as an experimental platform 16, a positioner 3 and a controller 6 (such as a computer or other equipment) are placed on the experimental platform 16, and a lifting mechanism 2 is installed on the experimental platform 16. The gear 15 to be processed is installed on the chuck 10 of the positioner 3. The positioner 3 is controlled by the controller 6. The controller 6 can control the start and stop of the positioner 3 and the rotation of the chuck 10 to change the position on the end face of the gear 15 that needs laser texturing. Mechanism 2 can drive the laser head 4 to move up and down, so as to facilitate focusing the laser on the gear end face. The laser head 4 is connected to the nanosecond laser 5 through an optical fiber. The nanosecond laser 5 is separately arranged from the frame 1. The laser head 4 and the nanosecond laser 5 are both connected to the controller 6. The nanosecond pulse laser emitted by the nanosecond laser 5 is incident on the laser head 4. The nanosecond pulse laser passes through the collimating beam expander, XY scanning galvanometer and focusing mirror 14 in the laser head 4 in sequence and then is emitted. The gear 15 at the chuck 10 is laser roughened by the nanosecond pulse laser from the laser head 4.

[0029] The controller 6 controls the on / off and parameter settings of the nanosecond laser 5, such as the repetition frequency, pulse width, wavelength, laser power, etc. of the laser output by the nanosecond laser 5. The controller 6 controls the parameter settings of the laser head 4, such as the scanning path, scanning speed, scanning repetition times, etc. of the XY scanning galvanometer.

[0030] In this embodiment, the lifting mechanism 2 includes a support frame 17 arranged on the experimental platform 16, and a lead screw 7 is rotatably provided on the support frame 17. A lifting platform 8 is fixedly connected to a nut used in conjunction with the lead screw 7. The laser head 4 is assembled on the lifting platform 8. When the height of the laser head 4 needs to be adjusted, the lead screw 7 can be twisted.

[0031] The positioner 3 includes a motor 9, a chuck 10, a switch 11, an emergency stop controller, etc. A gear 15 is mounted on the chuck 10 of the positioner 3, and the motor 9 drives the chuck 10 to rotate. The action of the motor 9 is controlled by the controller 6. The positioner 3 is used to realize the rotation of the gear 15 to change the laser texturing position on the end face of the gear 15. The positioner 3 is a known device in the prior art, and no further structural description is given here.

[0032] The laser head 4 includes a cooling device 12, a shell 13, a collimating beam expander installed in the shell, an XY scanning galvanometer and the focusing mirror 14. The laser head 4 is a known device in the prior art and no further structural description is given here.

[0033] The laser texturing method for improving the adhesion of the gear end surface to the lubricating oil involved in the present application comprises the following steps:

[0034] Step 1: Assemble the gear 15 to be processed onto the positioner 3, clamp it with the chuck 10, adjust the position of the chuck 10 so that the end face of the gear 15 is parallel to the experimental platform 16 of the frame 1, and move the positioner 3 so that the gear 15 is placed directly under the laser head 4.

[0035] In this embodiment, the root circle diameter of the gear 15 to be processed is D1, and the value of D1 is between 80mm and 100mm. The axial hole diameter is D2, and the value of D2 is between 50mm and 70mm. The root circle diameter and the axial hole diameter of the gear 15 are constrained to prevent the difference between the two diameters from being too large, resulting in severe defocusing of the laser when the laser scans to the edge of the end face of the gear 15, resulting in a large light spot and unconcentrated energy, which leads to insufficient depth of the microholes prepared at the edge.

[0036] In order to improve the effect and quality of laser roughening, before step 1, the end face of gear 15 needs to be cleaned. Specifically, impurities such as oil and dust on the end face of gear 15 need to be cleaned and air-dried to obtain a gear 15 sample with a clean end face. The cleaned end face of gear 15 can better absorb laser energy and improve the quality of laser roughening; the cleaned end face of gear 15 can reduce the splashing and reflection of laser energy, protect the safety of operators, and reduce damage to laser optical elements. In addition, removing impurities on the end face of gear 15 can ensure the stability of the laser beam during processing, thereby improving the processing quality.

[0037] Step 2: Adjust the distance between the laser head 4 and the end face of the gear 15 so that the nanosecond pulse laser is focused on the end face of the gear 15.

[0038] Specifically, the height position of the laser head 4 can be adjusted by the lifting mechanism 2 so as to focus the nanosecond pulse laser beam emitted by the laser head 4 on the end surface of the gear 15 .

[0039] Step 3: Set the scanning path during laser texturing on the controller 6. The scanning path is as follows: several wireframes, and each wireframe is arranged radially along the gear 15 in sequence. The wireframe is a square with a side length of L, where 0.05 mm < L < 0.1 mm. A plurality of filling lines are arranged at equal intervals within the wireframe, and the distance between two adjacent filling lines is d, where 0.005 mm < d < 0.02 mm. The distance between the two mutually distant sides along the radial direction of the gear 15 between the first and last wireframes is D. The distance between the centers of two adjacent wireframes is s. The scanning path of each wireframe is as follows: The nanosecond pulsed laser first scans each filling line in sequence. During scanning, it scans one filling line along one direction, and then scans the adjacent filling line along the opposite direction until all the filling lines are scanned; then it scans the four sides of the wireframe in sequence.

[0040] The wireframe is a square with a side length of L, where 0.05 mm < L < 0.1 mm. A plurality of filling lines are arranged at equal intervals within the wireframe, and the distance between two adjacent filling lines is d, where 0.005 mm < d < 0.02 mm. This is to more easily obtain micropores on the end face of the gear 15, thereby replacing the traditional point scanning path and increasing the heat input for preparing each micropore. In this way, it is easier to machine micropores on the end face of the gear 15, so that a suitable micropore depth h (h > 100 μm) can be obtained at a lower number of repetitions, improving the processing efficiency.

[0041] Step 4: Select all the wireframes, turn on the red light preview, and adjust the position of the positioner 3 so that the red light preview trajectories generated by all the wireframes are in the radial direction on the end face of the gear 15, and the red light preview trajectories exactly irradiate the entire end face of the gear 15.

[0042] Step 5: Through the time coordination of the on / off of the nanosecond laser 5 and the start / stop of the positioner 3, perform laser ablation treatment on the end face of the gear 15 to machine a rough surface with a micropore density greater than 100 per mm 2 and a micropore depth of h, where h > 100 μm.

[0043] Specifically, Step 5 includes the following steps:

[0044] Step 501: The X-Y scanning galvanometer of the laser head 4 executes the scanning path set in Step 3, so that the nanosecond pulsed laser emitted by the laser head 4 ablates a plurality of micropores on the end face of the gear 15, that is, each wireframe corresponds to a micropore, and each micropore is arranged radially along the gear 15 in sequence. During the ablation process, the positioner 3 does not move.

[0045] In step 501, the nanosecond laser 5 outputs laser repetition frequency: 75kHz~125kHz, pulse width: 200ns; wavelength: 1064nm; laser power: 80W~100W, laser scanning repetition times: 10-20 times, and the scanning speed of the XY scanning galvanometer is 5mm / s~20mm / s.

[0046] Step 502: After ablation, the nanosecond laser 5 stops, and the positioner 3 drives the gear 15 to rotate by a preset angle θ. Wherein, N is the number of rotations, s is the distance between the centers of two adjacent wire frames, D1 is the root circle diameter of the gear 15 to be processed, and D2 is the shaft hole diameter of the gear 15 to be processed.

[0047] Step 503: After the rotation is completed, step 501 is repeated to ablate a plurality of micro holes on the end surface of the gear 15.

[0048] Step 504: Repeat steps 502 to 503 until the entire end surface of the gear 15 is ablated, thereby processing a micropore density of ρ on the end surface of the gear 15. w , a rough surface with a micropore depth of h, where s is the distance between the centers of two adjacent wireframes, h>100μm.

[0049] The laser texturing device and method for improving the adhesion of the gear end face to the lubricating oil involved in the present application adopt nanosecond pulse laser, which can prepare micron-level holes on the material surface and change the surface microstructure of the material. Nanosecond laser texturing is a non-contact processing without damaging the substrate. At the same time, the energy of nanosecond pulse laser is precisely controllable, and the processing does not pollute the environment and is easy to automate. It is a material surface processing technology with great potential. Compared with traditional continuous laser, nanosecond pulse laser has the advantages of small heat-affected area, large peak power and stronger controllability. Although picosecond and femtosecond lasers can obtain more delicate surface microstructures, their equipment is expensive and has high maintenance costs, and is currently not suitable for large-scale applications and industrial production.

[0050] Laser roughening the gear end face by the device and method involved in this application can improve the adhesion of the gear end face to the lubricant, which is important for reducing the escape of the lubricant from the gear end face and the gasket, and can further reduce the discharge of the lubricant between the spindle and the gear into the gear end face and the gasket, so that the lubricant is stored between the spindle and the gear as much as possible. The oil film formed by the lubricant on the spindle and gear surface can not only support the load and reduce direct contact, but also the viscosity and elasticity of the oil film can help absorb and disperse the impact and load, thereby effectively reducing the friction and wear between the spindle and the gear. The method involved in this application can be used to machine a micropore density of ρ on the end face of gear 15. w, a rough surface with a micropore depth of h, where h>100μm, which can effectively improve the adhesion of the gear end surface to the liquid. The method involved in the present application can effectively reduce the influence of heat accumulation and make the obtained micropores more uniform.

[0051] like Figures 3-4 As shown in the figure, 38CrSi steel gear 15 was selected for the experiment. Before processing, the gear end surface roughness R z The thickness of the microholes is 10.5μm, and the melting point of 38CrSi steel is about 1400℃. It is not easy to process microholes of appropriate depth on its surface using a point scanning path. When preparing microholes through the scanning path involved in the present application, the heat input for preparing each microhole can be increased. The method involved in the present application can more easily process microholes on the end face of the 38CrSi steel gear 15, so that the appropriate microhole depth h (h>100μm) can be obtained at a lower number of repetitions, thereby improving processing efficiency. After laser roughening processing using the method involved in the present application, microholes with uniform arrangement, appropriate density and depth are obtained on the end face of the 38CrSi steel gear 15, and the surface roughness R z It is 200μm~400μm.

[0052] The above is only a preferred specific implementation manner of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can make equivalent substitutions or changes according to the technical solution and concept of the present application within the technical scope disclosed in the present application, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A laser texturing device for improving the adhesion of a gear end face to lubricating oil, characterized in that: It includes a frame. The upper surface of the frame is denoted as the experimental platform. A positioner and a controller are placed on the experimental platform. An elevating mechanism is assembled on the experimental platform. The gear to be processed is installed on the chuck of the positioner. The start and stop of the positioner and the rotation of the chuck can be controlled through the controller. The elevating mechanism can drive the laser head to move up and down to achieve laser focusing on the end face of the gear. The laser head is connected to a nanosecond laser through an optical fiber. Both the laser head and the nanosecond laser are connected to the controller. The nanosecond pulsed laser emitted by the nanosecond laser is incident on the laser head. The nanosecond pulsed laser is emitted after passing through the collimating and beam expanding lens, X-Y scanning galvanometer, and focusing lens in the laser head in sequence. The gear at the chuck is subjected to laser texturing treatment by the nanosecond pulsed laser from the laser head.

2. A laser texturing method for improving the adhesion of the gear end surface to the lubricating oil based on the device of claim 1, characterized in that: It includes the following steps: Step 1: Assemble the gear to be processed onto the positioner, clamp it with the chuck, adjust the position of the chuck to make the end face of the gear parallel to the experimental platform of the frame, and move the positioner to place the gear directly below the laser head. Step 2: Adjust the distance between the laser head and the end face of the gear to make the nanosecond pulsed laser focus on the end face of the gear. Step 3: Set the scanning path for laser texturing on the controller. The scanning path is: a plurality of wireframes, each of which is arranged in sequence along the radial direction of the gear. The wireframe is a square with a side length of L. A plurality of filling lines are arranged at equal intervals in the wireframe. The distance between two adjacent filling lines is d. The distance between the two sides of the first and last wireframes that are away from each other along the radial direction of the gear is D. D1 is the root diameter of the gear to be processed, D2 is the diameter of the shaft hole of the gear to be processed, the distance between the centers of two adjacent wireframes is s, and the scanning path of each wireframe is: the nanosecond pulse laser first scans each filling line in sequence. During scanning, one of the filling lines is scanned in one direction, and then the other adjacent filling line is scanned in the opposite direction until all the filling lines are scanned; then the four sides of the wireframe are scanned in sequence; Step 4: Select all the wireframes, turn on the red light preview, adjust the position of the positioner to make the red light preview trajectories generated by all the wireframes be in the radial direction of the gear end face, and the red light preview trajectories exactly irradiate the entire gear end face. Step 5: Through the coordination of the on-off time of the nanosecond laser and the start-stop time of the positioner, laser ablation is performed on the end face of the gear to produce micropores with a density of more than 100 / mm. 2 , rough surface with micropore depth h, h>100μm.

3. The laser texturing method for improving the adhesion of the gear end surface to the lubricating oil according to claim 2, characterized in that: The pitch diameter of the gear to be processed is D1, and D1 ranges from 80 mm to 100 mm. The bore diameter is D2, and D2 ranges from 50 mm to 70 mm.

4. The laser texturing method for improving the adhesion of the gear end surface to the lubricating oil according to claim 2, characterized in that: Before Step 1, clean the end face of the gear.

5. The laser texturing method for improving the adhesion of the gear end surface to the lubricating oil according to claim 2, characterized in that: In Step 3, the wireframe is a square with a side length of L, where 0.05 mm < L < 0.1 mm, and the distance between adjacent two filling lines is d, where 0.005 mm < d < 0.02 mm.

6. The laser texturing method for improving the adhesion of the gear end surface to the lubricating oil according to claim 2, characterized in that: Step 5 includes the following steps: Step 501: The X-Y scanning galvanometer of the laser head executes the scanning path set in Step 3, so that the nanosecond pulsed laser emitted by the laser head ablates a number of microholes on the end face of the gear, that is, each wireframe corresponds to a microhole, and the microholes are arranged in sequence along the radial direction of the gear. The positioner does not move during the ablation process. Step 502: After ablation, the nanosecond laser stops, and the positioner drives the gear to rotate by a preset angle θ. Wherein, N is the number of rotations, s is the distance between the centers of two adjacent wireframes, D1 is the root circle diameter of the gear to be processed, and D2 is the shaft hole diameter of the gear to be processed; Step 503: After the rotation is completed, repeat Step 501 to ablate a number of microholes on the end face of the gear again. Step 504: Repeat steps 502 to 503 until the entire gear end face is ablated once, thereby processing a micropore density of ρ on the gear end face. w , a rough surface with a micropore depth of h, where s is the distance between the centers of two adjacent wireframes, h>100μm.

7. The laser texturing method for improving the adhesion of the gear end surface to the lubricating oil according to claim 6, characterized in that: In Step 501, the laser repetition frequency output by the nanosecond laser: 75 kHz - 125 kHz, the laser power: 80 W - 100 W, the laser scanning repetition times: 10 - 20 times, and the scanning speed of the X-Y scanning galvanometer is 5 mm / s - 20 mm / s.

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