Rapid tool changing device and tool changing method of metal cutting machine tool

Abstract

The invention discloses a rapid tool changing device and a tool changing method of a metal cutting machine tool, and relates to the field of machine tools, the rapid tool changing device comprises a tool shaft seat, a tool body and a tool magazine, the tool shaft seat is provided with a U-shaped shaft cavity penetrating through the bottom surface, the top of the tool body is provided with a square tool handle, and the square tool handle is clamped into the shaft cavity in a matched mode to enable a tool to be axially aligned with the tool shaft seat; positioning grooves are formed in the two sides of the cubic cutter handle, positioning pieces are symmetrically arranged on the two sides of the shaft cavity, the positioning pieces are radially and elastically clamped into the positioning grooves through springs to fix the cubic cutter handle, and an extrusion piece axially and elastically slides in the cutter shaft seat and abuts against the positioning pieces to be clamped with the positioning grooves; the tool body and the tool shaft seat are combined in a lateral insertion mode, the tool body is fixed through elastic clamping connection of the positioning piece and the positioning groove and expansion limiting of the extrusion piece on the positioning piece, the tool shaft seat is directly moved to penetrate through the magazine opening in a reciprocating mode when the tool is replaced, the tool body is rapidly placed and taken down, and the tool replacing speed is high.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of machine tools, and in particular to a rapid tool changing device and a tool changing method for metal cutting machine tools. Background Art

[0002] Automatic tool change is an important function of metal cutting CNC machine tools. The automatic tool change mode based on programming control can realize the rapid replacement of machining tools and ensure the rapid and diversified cutting of metal workpieces. Traditional machine tool tool changing is done by a robot that picks and places tools between the tool magazine and the tool spindle, or by the tool magazine moving directly to the tool spindle to change tools, or by the tool spindle moving directly to the tool magazine to change tools. Regardless of the tool changing method, the tool needs to be pulled out and inserted axially. Controlling the axial pulling and insertion movement of the tool not only increases the complexity of the equipment's execution of commands, but also prolongs the tool change time. Summary of the invention

[0003] In order to make up for the deficiencies of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a rapid tool changing device and a tool changing method for a metal cutting machine tool, which is used to solve the problem that tool changing in traditional machine tools requires controlling the tool to perform insertion and extraction movements, which affects the tool changing efficiency.

[0004] In order to solve the problems of the prior art, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows: A quick tool changing device for a metal cutting machine tool comprises a tool shaft seat, a tool body and a tool magazine, wherein the tool shaft seat is provided with a U-shaped shaft cavity penetrating the bottom surface, the top of the tool body is provided with a cube tool handle, the cube tool handle is adapted to be inserted into the shaft cavity so that the tool axis is aligned with the tool shaft seat, the two sides of the cube tool handle are provided with positioning grooves, the two sides of the shaft cavity are symmetrically provided with positioning pieces, the positioning pieces are radially elastically inserted into the positioning grooves by springs to fix the cube tool handle, an extrusion piece is axially elastically slidable in the tool shaft seat, the extrusion piece abuts against the positioning piece to maintain the engagement with the positioning groove, and a sliding sleeve which is lifted and lowered integrally with the extrusion piece is provided on the outer side of the tool shaft seat; The tool magazine includes a protective shell and a tool magazine disc rotating in the protective shell, a plurality of tool sleeve assemblies are evenly arranged around the edge of the tool magazine disc, the top of the protective shell has a magazine opening, the tool magazine disc is driven by a motor to rotate so that one of the tool sleeve assemblies is aligned with the magazine opening, arc-shaped touch plates are symmetrically arranged on the edge of the tool sleeve assembly, the width of the arc-shaped touch plates is greater than the width of the tool shaft seat, the tool shaft seat can be translated to pass through the magazine opening, and the arc-shaped touch plates are used to resist the sliding sleeve and move up to place or remove the tool body.

[0005] Preferably, the tool sleeve assembly includes a tool position slot opened on the edge of the tool magazine disk, the arc-shaped touch plate is arranged on both sides of the port of the tool position slot, and blocks are symmetrically and elastically arranged on both sides of the tool position slot. Both sides of the tool body have slots adapted to the blocks, and the blocks are engaged with the slots to position the tool body in the tool position slot, and one side of the tool position slot has a blocking body to prevent the tool body from moving.

[0006] Preferably, the clamping block is an arc-shaped protrusion, and the clamping groove is an arc-shaped depression.

[0007] Preferably, a guide wheel is rotatably arranged on one side of the two arc-shaped touch plates away from the blocking body, and the spacing between the two guide wheels is the same as the width of the tool shaft seat.

[0008] Preferably, the positioning member comprises a base plate, which slides elastically on both sides of the shaft cavity, and a plurality of spherical protrusions are fixed on the surface of the base plate, which penetrate into the shaft cavity and engage with the positioning grooves.

[0009] Preferably, the extrusion member includes a slide body, which slides elastically in the tool shaft seat through a spring, and the slide body is symmetrically fixed with a pressing handle, which is distributed on the outer sides of the two base plates, and the pressing handle has a protruding handle for extruding the base plates.

[0010] Preferably, the middle part of the substrate has a vacant slot, the upper and lower parts of the outer side of the substrate located at the vacant slot are both extrusion parts, the pressing handle has two protruding handles, and the two protruding handles are aligned with the two extrusion parts. When the sliding body moves upward, the upper protruding handle passes over the top of the substrate and the lower protruding handle is stuck in the vacant slot, reserving space for the substrate to move outward.

[0011] Preferably, positioning grooves are arranged on the four sides of the cube-shaped knife handle, and clamping grooves are arranged on the four sides of the knife body.

[0012] Preferably, a rim is arranged around the circumference of the cube tool handle, a slot is provided in the shaft cavity, and the rim is adapted to be plugged into the slot.

[0013] The tool changing method based on the quick tool changing device of the metal cutting machine tool comprises the following steps: A. The tool magazine is placed on one side of the machine tool. The tool shaft seat can be moved closer to or farther away from the tool magazine through horizontal displacement. A position switch is set at the end of the tool shaft seat close to the tool magazine in the translation direction. B. When changing tools, the motor drives the tool magazine disc to rotate so that the empty tool sleeve assembly is aligned with the magazine opening. The machine tool adjusts the height of the tool shaft seat to align with the magazine opening, and drives the tool shaft seat to translate into the empty tool sleeve assembly. The arc-shaped touch plate contacts the sliding sleeve upward to release the lock of the tool body, so that the tool body is installed in the empty tool sleeve assembly. C. The tool shaft seat that releases the tool body moves through the magazine opening to the other side of the protective shell and touches the position switch, so that the controller controls the motor to drive the tool magazine disc to rotate. The tool body to be replaced rotates to the magazine opening. The machine tool controls the tool shaft seat to move in the opposite direction and through the magazine opening. The arc-shaped touch plate resists the sliding sleeve and moves up, so that the tool shaft seat takes away the tool body.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are as follows: 1. The present invention adopts a lateral insertion method to combine the tool body with the tool shaft seat, and the tool body is fixed by the elastic clamping of the positioning piece and the positioning groove and the expansion limit of the positioning piece by the extrusion piece. When replacing the tool, the tool shaft seat is directly moved back and forth through the warehouse opening, and the placement and removal of the tool body are quickly completed, and the tool changing speed is fast.

[0015] 2. When changing tools, the present invention releases the clamping of the positioning member by means of the arc-shaped touch plate against the sliding sleeve, and cooperates with the clamping block and the clamping slot to automatically position and clamp the tool body into the tool slot quickly. The tool shaft seat can move in the reverse direction to directly remove and fix the tool body in the tool slot. The mechanical tool positioning and loading ensures high operation stability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 This is one of the schematic diagrams of the position of the present invention placed on the machine tool body.

[0017] Figure 2 This is the second schematic diagram of the position of the present invention placed on the machine tool body.

[0018] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the alignment structure of the cube tool handle and the shaft cavity of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 4 This is one of the schematic diagrams of the locking state of the positioning member and the positioning groove of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 5 This is the second schematic diagram of the locking state of the positioning member and the positioning groove of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the positioning member and the extrusion member of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the tool magazine structure of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 8 This is one of the schematic diagrams of the tool shaft seat in the tool placement state of the present invention.

[0024] Fig. 9 This is the second schematic diagram of the tool shaft seat in the tool placement state of the present invention.

[0025] Fig.10 This is the third schematic diagram of the tool shaft seat in the tool placement state of the present invention.

[0026] Fig.11 It is a schematic diagram of the card block and card slot card connection structure of the present invention.

[0027] Figure numerals: 1. tool shaft seat; 11. shaft cavity; 12. positioning piece; 121. base plate; 122. spherical protrusion; 123. extrusion portion; 124. vacant slot; 13. pressure handle; 14. sliding body; 15. sliding sleeve; 16. convex handle; 17. slot; 2. tool body; 21. cube tool handle; 22. positioning slot; 23. edge; 24. card slot; 3. tool magazine plate; 31. protective shell; 32. motor; 33. magazine opening; 4. tool sleeve assembly; 41. tool position slot; 42. arc touch plate; 43. card block; 44. block body; 45. guide wheel; 46. telescopic chamber; 5. position switch. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments.

[0029] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, the quick tool changing device of the metal cutting machine tool has three main parts, namely, a tool shaft seat 1, a tool body 2 and a tool magazine. The machine tool is equipped with a horizontal feed mechanism, and the moving part of the horizontal feed mechanism is equipped with a vertical feed mechanism. The rotating driving component of the tool shaft seat 1 is loaded on the moving part of the vertical feed mechanism, and the tool shaft seat 1 is equipped with the shaft at the bottom of the driving component. The horizontal feed mechanism and the vertical feed mechanism are used to control the plane displacement adjustment of the tool shaft seat 1. like Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 As shown, the main body of the tool shaft seat 1 is cylindrical, and the surface of the tool shaft seat 1 is provided with a U-shaped shaft cavity 11 that penetrates the bottom surface, and positioning members 12 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the shaft cavity 11. The positioning members 12 include a substrate 121. A cavity is arranged on both sides of the shaft cavity 11 inside the tool shaft seat 1, and the substrate 121 slides in the cavity elastically through a spring. A plurality of spherical protrusions 122 are fixed on the surface of the substrate 121, and the spherical protrusions 122 penetrate into the shaft cavity 11. The extrusion member includes a slide body 14. A cylindrical cavity is provided above the shaft cavity 11 in the shaft seat 1, and a sliding body 14 slides in the cylindrical cavity through spring elasticity, and the elastic force strength of the sliding body 14 is much greater than the elastic force strength of the base plate 121, and the sliding body 14 is symmetrically fixed with a pressing handle 13, which is distributed on the outer sides of the two base plates 121, and the pressing handle 13 squeezes the base plate 121 through the convex handle 16 on its surface, and a sliding sleeve 15 is slidably sleeved on the outer side of the tool shaft seat 1, and the sliding sleeve 15 is fixed integrally with the pressing handle 13 and the sliding body 14; like Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5As shown, the tool body 2 has a cylindrical main body, the bottom of the cylindrical main body is the tool, the top of the cylindrical main body is the cube tool handle 21, the surface of the cube tool handle 21 has a positioning groove 22 that is matched with the spherical protrusion 122, the cube tool handle 21 is adapted to slide into the shaft cavity 11, the axis of the tool and the tool shaft seat 1 are aligned, and the spherical protrusion 122 is inserted into the positioning groove 22 by elastic force to elastically clamp and fix the square tool handle 21, and the elastic force causes the sliding body 14 to drive the pressing handle 13 to descend, and the back side of the substrate 121 is squeezed by the protruding handle 16, so that the substrate 121 and the spherical protrusion 122 cannot expand and move, so that the spherical protrusion 122 stably clamps the cube tool handle 21, thereby fixing the tool body 2.

[0030] like Figure 3 As shown, a rim 23 is arranged around the cube tool handle 21 , a slot 17 is provided in the shaft cavity 11 , and the rim 23 is adapted to be plugged into the slot 17 , thereby increasing the assembly strength and stability of the tool body 2 and the tool shaft seat 1 .

[0031] like Figure 7 As shown, the tool magazine is arranged on one side of the machine tool, and the tool magazine comprises a protective shell 31 fixed to the machine tool and a tool magazine disc 3 rotating in the protective shell 31, a plurality of tool sleeve assemblies 4 are evenly arranged around the edge of the tool magazine disc 3, and a magazine opening 33 is provided on the top of the protective shell 31, and the tool magazine disc 3 is driven to rotate by a motor 32 so that one of the tool sleeve assemblies 4 is aligned with the magazine opening 33; like Figure 8 , Fig. 9 , Fig.10 , Fig.11 As shown, the tool sleeve assembly 4 includes a tool slot 41 provided at the edge of the tool magazine disc 3, arc-shaped touch plates 42 are symmetrically fixed on both sides of the outer opening of the tool slot 41, the width of the arc-shaped touch plates 42 is greater than the width of the tool shaft seat 1, telescopic cavities 46 are symmetrically provided on both sides of the tool slot 41, a clamping block 43 elastically slides with the telescopic cavity 46 through a spring, a blocking body 44 is provided on the side of the tool slot 41 away from the tool shaft seat 1, and a clamping groove 24 adapted to the clamping block 43 is provided on both sides of the tool body 2, the clamping block 43 is an arc-shaped protrusion, and the clamping groove 24 is an arc-shaped depression; A position switch 5 is installed on one side of the machine tool close to the tool magazine, and the position switch 5 is connected to the motor 32 through control; When changing the tool, the vertical feed mechanism of the machine tool adjusts the tool body 2 to be flush with the height of the magazine opening 33, and the driving component drives the tool shaft seat 1 to rotate so that the opening side of the shaft cavity 11 faces away from the tool magazine. At the same time, the motor 32 drives the tool magazine disc 3 to rotate so that the empty tool sleeve assembly 4 moves to the magazine opening 33. The horizontal feed mechanism drives the tool shaft seat 1 to move quickly toward the tool magazine. When the tool shaft seat 1 reaches the empty tool sleeve assembly 4, the arc-shaped touch plate 42 upwardly contacts the sliding sleeve 15 so that the sliding body 14 and the pressing handle 1 3 rises, the protruding handle 16 is separated from the extruding positioning member 12, and the space for the expansion and movement of the positioning member 12 is avoided. The main body of the tool body 2 squeezes the clamping blocks 43 on both sides of the tool slot 41 to move until the clamping blocks 43 are elastically clamped into the clamping groove 24, so that the tool body 2 is positioned in the tool slot 41. At this time, the tool shaft seat 1 is continuously moved across the storage opening 33, and the tool body 2 is blocked by the blocking body 44, so that the spherical protrusion 122 is separated from the clamping connection with the positioning groove 22, and the tool body 2 is placed in the tool slot 41; When the unloaded tool shaft seat 1 passes over the tool magazine and touches the position switch 5, the controller controls the motor 32 to drive the tool magazine disc 3 to rotate, so that the slide body 14 loaded with the tool body 2 to be replaced moves to the magazine opening 33 position, and the horizontal feed mechanism drives the tool shaft seat 1 to move in the opposite direction through the magazine opening 33, and the arc-shaped touch plate 42 lifts up the sleeve 15 again to release the activity restriction of the positioning member 12, and the square tool handle 21 is inserted into the shaft cavity 11, so that the spherical protrusion 122 is engaged with the positioning groove 22, and the tool body 2 is pushed by the tool shaft seat 1 to disengage the block 43 from the engagement with the slot 24, and the tool body 2 is removed, and when the tool shaft seat 1 leaves the tool magazine, the sleeve 15 is disengaged from the arc-shaped touch plate 42, so that the pressure handle 13 drops, and the protruding handle 16 limits and locks the positioning member 12 again, completing the replacement and fixation of the tool body 2.

[0032] like Figure 8 , Fig. 9 , Fig.10 As shown, a guide wheel 45 is rotatably set on one side of the two arc-shaped touch plates 42 away from the blocking body 44, and the spacing between the two guide wheels 45 is the same as the width of the tool shaft seat 1. When the tool shaft seat 1 moves into the tool slot 41, the guide wheel 45 contacts the tool shaft seat 1, so that the tool slot 41 can be accurately aligned with the tool shaft seat 1, so that the tool shaft seat 1 can quickly pass through the tool slot 41 for tool change.

[0033] The clamping block 43 is an arc-shaped protrusion, and the clamping slot 24 is an arc-shaped depression. When the clamping block 43 is clamped with the clamping slot 24, the storage position of the knife body 2 can be automatically positioned.

[0034] like Figure 6As shown, the middle part of the substrate 121 has a vacant groove 124, and the upper and lower parts of the outer side of the substrate 121 located at the vacant groove 124 are both extrusion parts 123, and the pressing handle 13 has two protruding handles 16, and the two protruding handles 16 are aligned with the two extrusion parts 123. When the slide body 14 moves upward, the upper protruding handle 16 passes over the top of the substrate 121 and the lower protruding handle 16 is inserted into the vacant groove 124, reserving space for the substrate 121 to move outward, and the protruding handle 16 and the extrusion part 123 are matched with inclined surfaces, and the inclined surface angle is not greater than 5°. The double-position extrusion contact can generate uniform limiting pressure on the substrate 121 more quickly.

[0035] like Figure 3 As shown, positioning grooves 22 are provided on the four sides of the cube handle 21, and clamping grooves 24 are provided on the four sides of the tool body 2. The tool body 2 can be rotated 90 degrees for loading and use according to the wear condition.

[0036] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A quick tool changing device for a metal cutting machine tool, characterized in that: include: A tool shaft seat (1), a tool body (2) and a tool magazine, wherein the tool shaft seat (1) is provided with a U-shaped shaft cavity (11) penetrating the bottom surface, the top of the tool body (2) is provided with a cube tool handle (21), the cube tool handle (21) is adapted to be snapped into the shaft cavity (11) so that the tool axis is aligned with the tool shaft seat (1), two sides of the cube tool handle (21) are provided with positioning grooves (22), two sides of the shaft cavity (11) are symmetrically provided with positioning pieces (12), the positioning pieces (12) are snapped into the positioning grooves (22) by springs to fix the cube tool handle (21), an extrusion piece is axially elastically slidable in the tool shaft seat (1), the extrusion piece abuts against the positioning piece (12) and is kept snapped into the positioning groove (22), and a sliding sleeve (15) is provided on the outside of the tool shaft seat (1) and is lifted and lowered integrally with the extrusion piece; The tool magazine comprises a protective shell (31) and a tool magazine disc (3) rotating in the protective shell (31); a plurality of tool sleeve assemblies (4) are evenly arranged around the edge of the tool magazine disc (3); the top of the protective shell (31) has a magazine opening (33); the tool magazine disc (3) is driven to rotate by a motor (32) so that one of the tool sleeve assemblies (4) is aligned with the magazine opening (33); arc-shaped touch plates (42) are symmetrically arranged on the edge of the tool sleeve assembly (4); the width of the arc-shaped touch plates (42) is greater than the width of the tool shaft seat (1); the tool shaft seat (1) can be translated to pass through the magazine opening (33) and move upward by contacting the sliding sleeve (15) through the arc-shaped touch plates (42) for placing or removing the tool body (2).

2. The rapid tool changing device for a metal cutting machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tool sleeve assembly (4) comprises a tool slot (41) provided on the edge of the tool magazine disc (3); the arc-shaped touch plates (42) are arranged on both sides of the end of the tool slot (41); clamping blocks (43) are symmetrically and elastically arranged on both sides of the tool slot (41); both sides of the tool body (2) have clamping slots (24) adapted to the clamping blocks (43); the clamping blocks (43) and the clamping slots (24) are engaged with each other so that the tool body (2) is positioned in the tool slot (41); and one side of the tool slot (41) has a blocking body (44) for blocking the movement of the tool body (2).

3. The rapid tool changing device for a metal cutting machine tool according to claim 2, characterized in that: The clamping block (43) is in the shape of an arc-shaped protrusion, and the clamping groove (24) is in the shape of an arc-shaped depression.

4. The rapid tool changing device for a metal cutting machine tool according to claim 2, characterized in that: A guide wheel (45) is rotatably arranged on one side of the two arc-shaped touch plates (42) away from the blocking body (44), and the distance between the two guide wheels (45) is the same as the width of the tool shaft seat (1).

5. The rapid tool changing device for a metal cutting machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The positioning member (12) comprises a base plate (121) which elastically slides on both sides of the shaft cavity (11); a plurality of spherical protrusions (122) are fixed on the surface of the base plate (121); the spherical protrusions (122) penetrate into the shaft cavity (11) and engage with the positioning grooves (22).

6. The rapid tool changing device for a metal cutting machine tool according to claim 5, characterized in that: The extrusion component comprises a slide body (14), the slide body (14) slides elastically in the tool shaft seat (1) through a spring, and the slide body (14) is symmetrically fixed with a pressing handle (13), which is distributed on the outside of the two base plates (121), and the pressing handle (13) has a protruding handle (16) for extruding the base plate (121).

7. The rapid tool changing device for a metal cutting machine tool according to claim 6, characterized in that: The base plate (121) has a vacant slot (124) in the middle, and the upper and lower parts of the outer side of the base plate (121) located in the vacant slot (124) are both extrusion parts (123). The pressing handle (13) has two protruding handles (16), and the two protruding handles (16) are aligned with the two extrusion parts (123). When the sliding body (14) moves upward, the upper protruding handle (16) passes over the top of the base plate (121), and the lower protruding handle (16) is inserted into the vacant slot (124), thereby reserving space for the base plate (121) to move outward.

8. The rapid tool changing device for a metal cutting machine tool according to claim 2, characterized in that: The four sides of the cube-shaped knife handle (21) are all provided with positioning grooves (22), and the four sides of the knife body (2) are all provided with clamping grooves (24).

9. The rapid tool changing device for a metal cutting machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: A rim (23) is arranged around the circumference of the cube-shaped tool handle (21), a slot (17) is provided in the shaft cavity (11), and the rim (23) is adapted to be plugged into the slot (17).

10. A tool changing method for a quick tool changing device of a metal cutting machine tool according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The steps include: A. The tool magazine is placed on one side of the machine tool, and the tool shaft seat (1) can be moved closer to or farther away from the tool magazine by horizontal displacement. A position switch (5) is provided at the end of the tool shaft seat (1) close to the tool magazine in the translation direction; B. When changing the tool, the motor (32) drives the tool magazine disc (3) to rotate so that the empty tool sleeve assembly (4) is aligned with the magazine opening (33), the machine tool adjusts the height of the tool shaft seat (1) to align with the magazine opening (33), and drives the tool shaft seat (1) to translate into the empty tool sleeve assembly (4), and releases the lock of the tool body (2) by the arc-shaped touch plate (42) upwardly contacting the sliding sleeve (15), so that the tool body (2) is installed in the empty tool sleeve assembly (4); C. The tool shaft seat (1) of the released tool body (2) passes through the magazine opening (33) and moves to the other side of the protective shell (31) and touches the position switch (5), so that the controller controls the motor (32) to drive the tool magazine disc (3) to rotate, and the tool body (2) to be replaced rotates to the magazine opening (33). The machine tool controls the tool shaft seat (1) to move in the opposite direction and passes through the magazine opening (33), and moves upward by contacting the sliding sleeve (15) through the arc-shaped touch plate (42), so that the tool shaft seat (1) removes the tool body (2).

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