Degumming and decolorizing production process of animal oil
By adopting the degumming and decolorization production process in the animal oil degumming process, and using adsorbent to perform degumming and decolorization reactions in the same reaction tower, the problems of overrefining and high refining in the existing process are solved, and efficient and environmentally friendly Grease treatment.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411823670.3
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-11
- Publication Date
- 2025-02-07
AI Technical Summary
The existing animal oil degumming process has problems of excessive refining and high refining consumption, especially when the colloid content is not high, wastewater and oil feet are easily generated, resulting in oil loss.
A degumming and decolorization production process is adopted, and the degumming and decolorization reaction are gradually or synchronized in the same reaction tower to achieve the separation of colloids and pigments.
The integration of degumming and decolorization is achieved, the process flow is simplified, the refining consumption is reduced, the treatment efficiency is improved, and there is no need to add water or acid and alkali solutions, and the wastewater treatment is achieved, which is in line with the environmental protection concept.
Smart Images
Figure CN119391482A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of oil processing, and in particular relates to a degumming and decoloring production process for animal oil. Background Art
[0002] The oils and fats obtained by various oil-refining methods contain a lot of impurities or harmful components from the oil during the oil-refining process. These impurities generally include: suspended impurities, such as mud, dust, plant debris, etc.; colloidal impurities, such as phospholipids, proteins, sugars, mucus, etc.; fat-soluble impurities, such as free fatty acids, alcohols, pigments, hydrocarbons, fatty alcohols, etc. The presence of various impurities will affect the smell and taste of the oil and fat, is not conducive to the storage of the oil and fat, and has certain hazards to human health. Therefore, the crude oil needs to be properly refined to remove the above impurities before the oil and fat can be eaten.
[0003] At present, the refining methods of oils and fats include impurity removal, dehydration, degumming, deacidification, decolorization, deodorization, dewaxing, etc. Different refining methods can be adopted according to different oil production methods. In the refining process of oils and fats, various phospholipid substances in the oil are generally removed first, that is, degumming. The degumming process has a great impact on the subsequent refining process. The adverse effects of poor degumming may increase the burden of subsequent processes, increase oil refining losses, or equipment is prone to coking, affecting the heat transfer effect, etc. Therefore, degumming is a very important process in the refining of oils and fats.
[0004] Existing degumming processes include hydration degumming, acid degumming, enzyme degumming, etc., all of which are used in the refining process of animal oil.
[0005] However, the colloid content of animal oil is not high compared with that of vegetable oil, especially soybean oil. When the existing degumming process technology is applied to the degumming of animal oil, there is over-refining and the following problems exist:
[0006] 1) The existing degumming process requires the addition of water or acid-base solution to the oil, which easily produces wastewater after centrifugal separation;
[0007] 2) After degumming, the oil and fat are separated to produce oil feet or soap feet, or the oil and fat are emulsified with additives, resulting in high refining consumption and inevitable loss of oil and fat. Summary of the invention
[0008] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide an improved degumming and decoloring production process for animal oil.
[0009] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
[0010] A degumming and decoloring production process for animal oil comprises the following steps:
[0011] S1, pretreatment of animal oil, filtering and heating the animal oil after fat extraction, so that the animal oil reaches the required temperature for degumming and / or decolorization;
[0012] S2, adding an adsorbent, according to the content of colloid in the animal oil, adding a corresponding adsorbent to the animal oil to adsorb the colloid and / or pigment, and based on the same reaction tower, stirring the mixture of the animal oil and the adsorbent to gradually or simultaneously perform a degumming reaction and a decolorization reaction, so that the colloid and the pigment in the animal oil are gradually or synchronously separated;
[0013] S3, separating the adsorbent adsorbed with colloid and / or pigment, and obtaining degummed and decolorized oil or decolorized oil.
[0014] Preferably, in step S2, the adsorbent is a decolorizing agent, a degumming agent, or a mixture of a decolorizing agent and a degumming agent.
[0015] Preferably, the content of gum in animal oil is divided into a first interval, a second interval and a third interval from high to low. When in the first interval, degumming agent and decolorizing agent are gradually added to the animal oil; when in the second interval, a mixture of degumming agent and decolorizing agent is added to the animal oil; when in the third interval, a decolorizing agent is added to the animal oil. Here, selecting the corresponding adsorbent according to the content of gum not only saves materials, but also ensures that the degumming and decolorizing are more thorough; at the same time, it should be specially noted that when the gum content is low, the present application only adds a decolorizing agent for decolorization reaction, and the decolorizing agent can also play a role in adsorbing the gum, even if there is a trace amount of gum, it can ensure complete separation; in addition, the division of the gum content interval is quantitatively determined by the process personnel according to the actual working conditions.
[0016] Preferably, in step S2, when the content of colloid in the animal oil is in the first interval, after adding the degumming agent, the animal oil is first stirred to perform a degumming reaction, and then after the degumming reaction is completed, the decoloring agent is added and the animal oil is stirred to perform a decoloring reaction. Here, based on the degumming agent reducing the content of colloid in the animal oil, the animal oil pigment and the residual colloid are separated by the decoloring agent through adsorption, the degumming agent is used to save the material, and the generation of oil feet or soap feet is reduced.
[0017] Preferably, in step S2, when the content of gum in the animal oil is in the second interval or the third interval, the mixture of the animal oil and the adsorbent is stirred to simultaneously perform a degumming reaction and a decolorizing reaction.
[0018] Preferably, in step S2, the added decolorizing agent, degumming agent or a mixture of the decolorizing agent and the degumming agent accounts for 1% to 10% of the animal oil.
[0019] Preferably, the decolorizing agent is activated clay.
[0020] Preferably, the degumming agent is SiO2.
[0021] Preferably, in step S3, the animal oil and the adsorbent adsorbed with colloid and / or pigment are firstly coarsely filtered, and then finely filtered. Here, the animal oil, colloid and pigment are separated in two filtering steps, and the filtering effect is better.
[0022] In addition, during the coarse filtration, a leaf filter is used to filter and separate the animal oil and the adsorbent adsorbed with colloid and / or pigment; during the fine filtration, a bag filter is used to finely filter the animal oil after the coarse filtration to obtain decolorized oil or degummed and decolorized oil. Here, the operation is simple, the efficiency is high, and the equipment cost is low.
[0023] Due to the implementation of the above technical solution, the present invention has the following advantages compared with the prior art:
[0024] The existing degumming process requires the addition of water or acid-base solution to the oil, which is easy to produce wastewater after centrifugal separation; and the oil produces oil feet or soap feet after separation after degumming, or the oil and additives are emulsified, resulting in high refining consumption and inevitable loss of oil. The present application designs the degumming and decolorization production process of animal oil as a whole, cleverly solving the shortcomings and defects of the prior art. After adopting the degumming and decolorization production process, the animal oil is first filtered and heated to make the animal oil reach the required temperature for degumming and / or decolorization; then, according to the content of gum in the animal oil, the corresponding adsorbent is added to the animal oil to adsorb and separate the gum and / or pigment, and based on the same reaction tower, the mixture of animal oil and adsorbent is stirred to gradually or synchronously perform degumming reaction and decolorization reaction, so that the gum and pigment in the animal oil are gradually or synchronously separated; finally, the adsorbent adsorbed with gum and / or pigment is separated, and degummed and decolorized oil or decolorized oil is obtained. Therefore, compared with the prior art, the present invention, on the one hand, is based on the gradual or simultaneous degumming reaction and decolorization reaction in the same reaction tower to gradually or simultaneously separate the gum and pigment from the animal oil, thereby realizing the integration of degumming and decolorization, greatly simplifying the process flow, effectively reducing refining consumption, and improving processing efficiency, which is particularly suitable for the processing of animal oil with low gum content; on the other hand, there is no need to add water or acid-base solution, thereby realizing wastewater-free treatment, complying with the concept of environmental protection, and saving wastewater treatment costs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0025] Figure 1 The schematic diagram of the process of degumming and decoloring of animal oil in this embodiment; DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0026] In order to make the above-mentioned purposes, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, a detailed description is given below in conjunction with specific embodiments and drawings. In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present application. However, the present application can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar improvements without violating the connotation of the present application, so the present application is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed below.
[0027] In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms “center”, “longitudinal”, “lateral”, “length”, “width”, “thickness”, “up”, “down”, “front”, “back”, “left”, “right”, “vertical”, “horizontal”, “top”, “bottom”, “inside”, “outside”, “clockwise”, “counterclockwise”, “axial”, “radial”, “circumferential”, etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.
[0028] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.
[0029] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise clearly defined. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.
[0030] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, a first feature being "above" or "below" a second feature may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Moreover, a first feature being "above", "above" or "above" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. A first feature being "below", "below" or "below" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.
[0031] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "fixed to" or "disposed on" another element, it may be directly on the other element or there may be a central element. When an element is considered to be "connected to" another element, it may be directly connected to the other element or there may be a central element at the same time. The terms "vertical", "horizontal", "upper", "lower", "left", "right" and similar expressions used herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to be the only implementation method.
[0032] like Figure 1 As shown, the degumming and decoloring production process of animal oil in this embodiment comprises the following steps:
[0033] S1. Pretreatment of animal oil: After fat extraction, the animal oil is gradually filtered and heated to make the animal oil reach the temperature required for degumming and / or decolorization.
[0034] In some specific embodiments, first, pure adipose tissue or scraps such as lard, fat, and offal of animals such as pigs, cattle, sheep, chickens, and ducks are used as raw materials and refined into edible or feed animal oil using a dry or wet process; then a filter is used to filter out solid matter in the liquid animal oil; finally, a heater is used to heat the animal oil to the temperature required for degumming or decolorization.
[0035] S2. Adding adsorbents. According to the content of gum in the animal oil, corresponding adsorbents are added to the animal oil to adsorb gum and / or pigments. Based on the same reaction tower, the mixture of animal oil and adsorbent is stirred to gradually or simultaneously perform degumming reaction and decolorization reaction, so that the gum and pigment in the animal oil are gradually or synchronously separated.
[0036] In some specific embodiments, according to the content of colloid in animal oil, the adsorbent is a decolorant, a degumming agent or a mixture of a decolorant and a degumming agent, and the added decolorant, degumming agent or a mixture of a decolorant and a degumming agent accounts for 1% to 10% of the animal oil; in this embodiment, the decolorant is activated clay; the degumming agent is SiO2.
[0037] At the same time, the content of colloid in animal oil is divided into the first interval, the second interval and the third interval from high to low. When in the first interval, degumming agent and decoloring agent are gradually added to the animal oil; when in the second interval, a mixture of degumming agent and decoloring agent is added to the animal oil; when in the third interval, decoloring agent is added to the animal oil. Here, selecting the corresponding adsorbent according to the content of colloid not only saves materials, but also ensures that the degumming and decoloring are more thorough; at the same time, it should be specially noted that when the colloid content is low, this application only adds decoloring agent for decolorization reaction, and the decoloring agent can also play the role of adsorbing colloid, even if there is a trace amount of colloid, it can ensure complete separation; in addition, the division of colloid content intervals is quantitatively determined by process personnel according to actual working conditions.
[0038] When the content of colloid in the animal oil is in the first interval, after adding the degumming agent, the animal oil is first stirred to perform a degumming reaction, and then after the degumming reaction is completed, the decoloring agent is added and the animal oil is stirred to perform a decoloring reaction. Here, based on the degumming agent reducing the content of colloid in the animal oil, the animal oil pigment and the residual colloid are adsorbed and separated by the decoloring agent, the degumming agent is used to save materials, and the generation of oil feet or soap feet is reduced.
[0039] When the content of gum in the animal oil is in the second interval or the third interval, the mixture of the animal oil and the adsorbent is stirred to simultaneously perform degumming reaction and decolorization reaction.
[0040] S3, separating the adsorbent adsorbed with colloid and / or pigment, and obtaining degummed and decolorized oil or decolorized oil.
[0041] In some embodiments, the animal oil and the adsorbent adsorbed with colloid and / or pigment are firstly coarsely filtered, and then finely filtered. Here, the animal oil, colloid and pigment are separated in two filtering steps, and the filtering effect is better.
[0042] In addition, during the coarse filtration, a leaf filter is used to filter and separate the animal oil and the adsorbent adsorbed with colloid and / or pigment; during the fine filtration, a bag filter is used to finely filter the animal oil after the coarse filtration to obtain decolorized oil or degummed and decolorized oil. Here, the operation is simple, the efficiency is high, and the equipment cost is low.
[0043] In summary, after adopting the degumming and decolorizing production process, the animal oil is first filtered and heated to make the animal oil reach the temperature required for degumming and / or decolorizing; then, according to the content of gum in the animal oil, the corresponding adsorbent is added to the animal oil to adsorb and separate the gum and / or pigment, and based on the same reaction tower, the mixture of the animal oil and the adsorbent is stirred to gradually or simultaneously carry out degumming reaction and decolorization reaction, so that the gum and pigment in the animal oil are gradually or synchronously separated; finally, the adsorbent adsorbed with the gum and / or pigment is separated, and the degummed and decolorized oil or decolorized oil is obtained. Therefore, compared with the prior art, the present invention, on the one hand, is based on the stepwise or simultaneous degumming reaction and decolorization reaction in the same reaction tower to gradually or simultaneously separate the gum and pigment from the animal oil, thereby realizing the integration of degumming and decolorization, greatly simplifying the process flow, effectively reducing refining consumption, and improving processing efficiency, which is particularly suitable for the processing of animal oil with low gum content; on the other hand, no water or acid-base solution needs to be added, thereby realizing wastewater-free treatment, conforming to the concept of environmental protection, and saving wastewater treatment costs; on the third aspect, selecting the corresponding adsorbent according to the gum content not only saves materials, but also ensures that the degumming and decolorization are more thorough; It should be noted that when the gum content is low, the present application only adds a decolorizing agent for decolorizing reaction, and the decolorizing agent can also adsorb the gum, even if there is a trace amount of gum, it can ensure complete separation; in addition, the division of the gum content range is quantitatively determined by the process personnel according to the actual working conditions; fourthly, based on the degumming agent to reduce the gum content in the animal oil, the animal oil pigment and the residual gum are separated by the decolorizing agent, which saves the degumming agent and reduces the production of oil feet or soap feet; fifthly, the separation of animal oil, gum and pigment is carried out in two filtration steps, and the filtration effect is better.
[0044] The above is a detailed description of the present invention, the purpose of which is to enable people familiar with the technology in this field to understand the content of the present invention and implement it, and it is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments. Any equivalent changes or modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention should be covered by the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims
1. A degumming and decolorizing production process for animal oil, characterized in that: It includes the following steps: S1, pretreatment of animal oil, filtering and heating the animal oil after fat extraction, so that the animal oil reaches the required temperature for degumming and / or decolorization; S2, adding an adsorbent, according to the content of colloid in the animal oil, adding a corresponding adsorbent to the animal oil to adsorb the colloid and / or pigment, and based on the same reaction tower, stirring the mixture of the animal oil and the adsorbent to gradually or simultaneously perform a degumming reaction and a decolorization reaction, so that the colloid and the pigment in the animal oil are gradually or synchronously separated; S3, separating the adsorbent adsorbed with colloid and / or pigment, and obtaining degummed and decolorized oil or decolorized oil.
2. The degumming and decolorizing production process of animal oil according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the adsorbent is a decolorizing agent, a degumming agent, or a mixture of a decolorizing agent and a degumming agent.
3. The degumming and decolorizing production process of animal oil according to claim 2, characterized in that: The content of gum in animal oil is divided into the first interval, the second interval and the third interval from high to low. When in the first interval, degumming agent and decolorizing agent are gradually added to the animal oil; when in the second interval, a mixture of degumming agent and decolorizing agent is added to the animal oil; when in the third interval, a decolorizing agent is added to the animal oil.
4. The degumming and decolorizing production process of animal oil according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step S2, when the content of gum in the animal oil is in the first range, after adding the degumming agent, the animal oil is first stirred to perform a degumming reaction, and then after the degumming reaction is completed, the decolorizing agent is added and the animal oil is stirred to perform a decolorization reaction.
5. The degumming and decolorizing production process of animal oil according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step S2, when the content of gum in the animal oil is in the second interval or the third interval, the mixture of the animal oil and the adsorbent is stirred to simultaneously perform a degumming reaction and a decoloring reaction.
6. The degumming and decolorizing production process of animal oil according to any one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that: In step S2, the added decolorizing agent, degumming agent or the mixture of the decolorizing agent and the degumming agent accounts for 1% to 10% of the animal oil.
7. The degumming and decoloring production process of animal oil according to any one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that: The decolorizing agent is activated white clay.
8. The degumming and decoloring production process of animal oil according to any one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that: The degumming agent is SiO2.
9. The degumming and decolorizing production process of animal oil according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the animal oil and the adsorbent adsorbed with colloid and / or pigment are firstly coarsely filtered and then finely filtered.
10. The degumming and decolorizing production process of animal oil according to claim 9, characterized in that: During the coarse filtration, a leaf filter is used to filter and separate the animal oil and the adsorbent adsorbed with colloid and / or pigment; during the fine filtration, a bag filter is used to finely filter the animal oil after the coarse filtration to obtain decolorized oil or degummed and decolorized oil.