Soft rock large-deformation rapid supporting device and method

Abstract

The invention discloses a soft rock large-deformation rapid supporting device and method, and belongs to the technical field of tunnel supporting. The device comprises a supporting plate assembly, a supporting rod assembly and a bottom supporting mechanism; the supporting plate assembly comprises a left supporting plate, a right supporting plate and a top supporting plate. The left supporting plate and the right supporting plate are symmetrically mounted on the two sides of the top supporting plate, and a plurality of mounting grooves are formed in the two sides of the left supporting plate and the two sides of the right supporting plate; the supporting rod assembly comprises two short supporting rods and three long supporting rods. The two sides of each short supporting rod are detachably connected to the two mounting grooves correspondingly, and the left supporting plate and the right supporting plate are each provided with one short supporting rod. The bottom supporting mechanism comprises a supporting plate, a pulley plate and a limiting assembly. The pulley plate is slidably connected to the supporting plate, and the limiting assembly is detachably connected with the supporting plate. According to the invention, the device can be adjusted according to actual conditions under complex geological conditions so as to quickly adapt, the construction efficiency is improved, and the convenience and reliability of the supporting device under complex construction conditions are ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of tunnel support, and in particular to a soft rock large deformation quick support device and method. Background Art

[0002] Tunnel construction is a crucial component of modern transportation and underground engineering, especially in complex geological environments, where it faces numerous challenges. Soft rock is a common geological type in tunneling projects, characterized by low strength and easy deformation. During TBM (Transport Boring Machine) operations, the in-situ stress of the soft rock often causes uneven stress on the TBM shield, which can easily cause the TBM to jam. Therefore, when working in soft rock, it is important to minimize the distance of a single excavation and quickly implement support systems to avoid delays in construction progress.

[0003] In order to cope with the challenges brought by large deformation of soft rock, many scientific researchers have proposed some new support technologies and devices in recent years. However, these technologies still have complex installation, difficult maintenance, low reuse rate, difficulty in adapting to many complex rock environments, and difficulty in being widely applied to actual projects. Especially under the conditions of large deformation of soft rock, better adjustability of the support device is required. At the same time, the convenience of the support device is also crucial. The construction site must continuously adjust the disassembly and assembly of the support device according to the actual situation to cope with the ever-changing geological conditions.

[0004] Existing support devices lack sufficient flexible assembly and deformation adaptability, making it difficult to effectively cope with the nonlinear deformation of soft rock. Usually, engineers can only cope with large deformation of soft rock through multiple repairs, which complicates the construction process and increases maintenance costs. Traditional support technology cannot be successfully installed and used in certain special address conditions. Therefore, it is particularly important to design a support device that can effectively support soft rock tunnels and is convenient and flexible to disassemble.

[0005] Therefore, a soft rock large deformation quick support device and method are proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a soft rock large deformation quick support device and method, aiming to solve or improve at least one of the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention provides the following solution: The present invention provides a soft rock large deformation quick support device, comprising: A support plate assembly, the support plate assembly comprising a left support plate, a right support plate and a top support plate; the left support plate and the right support plate are symmetrically mounted on both sides of the top support plate, and a plurality of mounting slots are mounted on both sides of the left support plate and both sides of the right support plate; A support rod assembly, the support rod assembly comprising two short support rods and three long support rods; both sides of the short support rods are detachably connected to the two mounting slots, and one short support rod is mounted on each of the left support plate and the right support plate; A bottom support mechanism, the bottom support mechanism comprising a supporting plate, a pulley plate and a limiting assembly; the pulley plate is slidably connected to the supporting plate, the limiting assembly is detachably connected to the supporting plate, and the limiting assembly is used to position the pulley plate; Among them, the bottoms of the three long support rods are detachably connected to the pulley plate, and a hydraulic device is installed on the long support rods; the tops of two of the long support rods are respectively detachably connected to the two short support rods, and the top of another long support rod is detachably connected to the top support plate.

[0008] According to a soft rock large deformation quick support device provided by the present invention, a groove is opened at the center of the short support rod, the top of the long support rod extends into the groove, and the short support rod and the long support rod are detachably connected by a locking structure.

[0009] According to a soft rock large deformation quick support device provided by the present invention, the limiting assembly includes two blocks, which are respectively located on both sides of the pulley plate, and the blocks are detachably connected to the support plate through positioning pieces.

[0010] According to a soft rock large deformation quick support device provided by the present invention, a plurality of equally spaced slots are provided on the support plate, a first positioning hole is provided on the bottom wall of the slot, the bottom of the block is inserted into the slot, and a second positioning hole is provided through the block; the positioning member includes a fixing rod, the fixing rod passes through the second positioning hole and is inserted into the first positioning hole.

[0011] According to a soft rock large deformation quick support device provided by the present invention, the left support plate and the right support plate each include an inner layer and an outer layer fixed to the inner layer, the inner layer is made of high-strength steel plate, and the outer layer is made of high-elastic polymer material.

[0012] According to the soft rock large deformation quick support device provided by the present invention, the surfaces of the top support plate, the left support plate and the right support plate are all coated with an anti-corrosion coating.

[0013] According to a soft rock large deformation quick support device provided by the present invention, threads and baffles are provided on both sides of the groove of the short support rod, and both baffles are in contact with both sides of the outer wall of the long support rod; the locking structure includes two nuts, which are threadedly sleeved on both sides of the groove and abut against the outer wall of the long support rod; The groove between the long support rod and the short support rod is provided with an anti-slip fastener, which includes a tooth-groove structure and a buckle. The long support rod and the short support rod are fitted through the tooth-groove structure; the buckle is installed on the short support rod, and the buckle is detachably connected to the long support rod.

[0014] According to a soft rock large deformation quick support device provided by the present invention, anti-slip blocks are installed at both ends of the support plate, and a plurality of rolling wheels are installed on the top surface of the support plate, and the rolling wheels are in rolling contact with the bottom of the pulley plate.

[0015] According to the soft rock large deformation quick support device provided by the present invention, the cross-sectional shape of the stopper is a right triangle, and the right-angled side of the stopper is arranged close to the pulley plate.

[0016] The present invention also provides a method for quickly supporting soft rock with large deformation, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Lay the support plate and embed the pulley plate into the support plate so that the pulley plate slides along the support plate; Step 2: Install the three long support rods on the pulley plate respectively; Step 3: Fit the left support plate, right support plate and top support plate to the tunnel surface, and then install the two ends of the short support rod on the installation groove; Step 4: Use the hydraulic device to raise the top of the long support rod, and then assemble and fix the long support rod and the short support rod to form a complete support structure; Step 5: Check the connection points and confirm the installation positions and angles of the left support plate, right support plate, and top support plate; Step 6: When adjusting the application position, replace the short support rod and adjust the installation position of the short support rod and the installation slot to narrow the support range; adjust the position of the pulley plate and position it through the limit assembly; Step 7. After the support is completed, remove the short support rod and the long support rod, and then remove the pulley plate and the support plate.

[0017] The present invention discloses the following technical effects: In the present invention, a hydraulic device is installed on the long support rod. The hydraulic device can adjust the height of the long support rod through hydraulic pressure according to the change of the surrounding rock deformation, so that the support plate assembly and the tunnel are more closely connected, thereby improving the support effect. The long and short support rods of the present invention are connected to the support plates in a detachable manner. In case of damage, only the damaged parts need to be replaced, ensuring that the device can be adjusted according to actual conditions to quickly adapt to complex geological conditions, thereby improving construction efficiency. The modular design also facilitates the maintenance and replacement of the support device, reducing maintenance costs during operation, and ensuring the convenience and reliability of the support device under complex construction conditions. In the case of limited tunnel space, workers can remove components one by one without having to dismantle the entire device, which also reduces the impact on other areas of the tunnel. Compared with traditional support construction technology, this invention reduces the tedious installation steps during the construction process, greatly improves construction efficiency, shortens the construction period, and the various parts of the device can be quickly disassembled and reassembled. When the soft rock is greatly deformed to a certain extent, the support device can be partially or completely disassembled and reassembled according to the actual situation. It can flexibly adapt to different construction conditions and greatly reduce the time and cost of subsequent maintenance. Taking into account the long-term nature of tunnel construction, the present invention provides a variety of adjustable designs to ensure that the device can be selected and optimized according to different geological conditions. The present invention is flexible and easy to disassemble and install, maintain and replace, and can operate stably over a long period of time. It solves the problems of surrounding rock deformation caused by long support construction time and support collapse caused by long-term stress during construction, which affect the lives of workers, thereby ensuring the efficiency and safety of tunnel construction. The present invention has significantly improved convenience, economy, construction practicality and safety. It is not only suitable for geological conditions with large deformation of soft rock in tunnels, but can also provide efficient solutions for a wider range of tunnel projects. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0019] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 A top view of the pulley plate of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the long support rod and the short support rod in the present invention; Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the installation of the mounting groove and the short support rod in the present invention.

[0020] Among them, 1. Left support plate; 2. Right support plate; 3. Top support plate; 4. Mounting groove; 5. Long support rod; 6. Short support rod; 7. Hydraulic device; 8. Pulley plate; 9. Support plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0023] Reference Figures 1-4 The present invention provides a soft rock large deformation quick support device, comprising: The support plate assembly includes a left support plate 1, a right support plate 2 and a top support plate 3; the left support plate 1 and the right support plate 2 are symmetrically installed on both sides of the top support plate 3, and a number of mounting grooves 4 are installed on both sides of the left support plate 1 and both sides of the right support plate 2; in this embodiment, two mounting grooves 4 are installed on both sides of the left support plate 1 and both sides of the right support plate 2. The support range can be adjusted by replacing short support rods 6 of different lengths and adjusting the two ends of the short support rods 6 to be installed on the mounting grooves 4 at different positions, thereby adapting to different working conditions; the upper part of the mounting groove 4 is welded and fixed to the left support plate 1 and the right support plate 2, and the lower part is fitted with the short support rod 6 and fixed with three bolts, and six bolts are used to connect the two sides; The support rod assembly includes two short support rods 6 and three long support rods 5; the two sides of the short support rod 6 are detachably connected to the two mounting slots 4, and a short support rod 6 is installed on the left support plate 1 and the right support plate 2; The bottom support mechanism includes a supporting plate 9, a pulley plate 8 and a limit assembly; the pulley plate 8 is slidably connected to the supporting plate 9, and the limit assembly is detachably connected to the supporting plate 9. The limit assembly is used to position the pulley plate 8; three mounting holes are opened on the pulley plate 8 for respectively connecting three long support rods 5; Among them, the bottoms of the three long support rods 5 are detachably connected to the pulley plate 8, and a hydraulic device 7 is installed on the long support rod 5; the tops of two long support rods 5 are detachably connected to the two short support rods 6 respectively, and the top of the other long support rod 5 is detachably connected to the top support plate 3; With this arrangement, each plate in the present invention adopts a precise fit design, and the connection parts include plug-in, tooth groove, lock and other structures to ensure stable connection between each component; In the present invention, a hydraulic device 7 is installed on the long support rod 5. The hydraulic device 7 can adjust the height of the long support rod 5 through hydraulic pressure according to the change of the surrounding rock deformation, so that the support plate assembly and the tunnel are more closely connected, thereby improving the support effect; The long support rods 5 and the short support rods 6 are connected to the support plate assembly in a detachable manner. In case of damage, only the damaged parts need to be replaced, ensuring that the device can be adjusted according to actual conditions to quickly adapt to complex geological conditions, thereby improving construction efficiency. The modular design also facilitates the maintenance and replacement of the support device, reduces maintenance costs during operation, and ensures the convenience and reliability of the support device under complex construction conditions. Under conditions of limited tunnel space, workers can remove components one by one without having to dismantle the entire device, which also reduces the impact on other areas of the tunnel. Compared with traditional support construction technology, this invention reduces the tedious installation steps during the construction process, greatly improves construction efficiency, shortens the construction period, and the various parts of the device can be quickly disassembled and reassembled. When the soft rock is greatly deformed to a certain extent, the support device can be partially or completely disassembled and reassembled according to the actual situation. It can flexibly adapt to different construction conditions and greatly reduce the time and cost of subsequent maintenance. Taking into account the long-term nature of tunnel construction, the present invention provides a variety of adjustable designs to ensure that the device can be selected and optimized according to different geological conditions. The present invention is flexible and easy to disassemble and install, maintain and replace, and can operate stably over a long period of time. It solves the problems of surrounding rock deformation caused by long support construction time and support collapse caused by long-term stress during construction, which affect the lives of workers, thereby ensuring the efficiency and safety of tunnel construction. The present invention has significantly improved convenience, economy, construction practicality and safety. It is not only suitable for geological conditions with large deformation of soft rock in tunnels, but can also provide efficient solutions for a wider range of tunnel projects.

[0024] To further optimize the solution, a groove is provided at the center of the short support rod 6, the top of the long support rod 5 extends into the groove, and the short support rod 6 and the long support rod 5 are detachably connected through a locking structure.

[0025] Further optimized solution, the limit assembly includes two blocks, the two blocks are respectively located on both sides of the pulley plate 8, and the block is detachably connected to the support plate 9 through a positioning piece; The support plate 9 is formed by a multi-section combination. After the support operation is completed, the support plate 9 is moved by the pulley plate 8. The position where the support operation has been completed can be removed for subsequent position equipment.

[0026] A further optimized solution is that a plurality of equally spaced slots are provided on the support plate 9, a first positioning hole is provided on the bottom wall of the slot, the bottom of the stopper is inserted into the slot, and a second positioning hole is provided through the stopper; the positioning member includes a fixing rod, which passes through the second positioning hole and is inserted into the first positioning hole; The first positioning hole and the second positioning hole have the same aperture. When the pulley plate 8 needs to be fixed, the fixing rod is inserted into the first positioning hole and the second positioning hole.

[0027] To further optimize the solution, the left support plate 1 and the right support plate 2 both include an inner layer and an outer layer fixed to the inner layer. The inner layer is made of high-strength steel plate, and the outer layer is made of high-elastic polymer material. The interior of the tunnel device is made of high-strength steel, and the outer layer is made of corrosion-resistant alloy material or high-elastic polymer material. This not only ensures that the support plate absorbs the stress of the rock mass when it is deformed or displaced, but also ensures the hardness of the device itself. The multi-layer design can effectively absorb the deformation stress of the surrounding rock mass.

[0028] To further optimize the solution, the surfaces of the top support plate 3, the left support plate 1 and the right support plate 2 are coated with an anti-corrosion coating to extend the service life of the device in a humid environment.

[0029] To further optimize the solution, threads and baffles are provided on both sides of the groove of the short support rod 6. The two baffles are in contact with both sides of the outer wall of the long support rod 5. After the threads are tightened with bolts, the whole is stable; the locking structure includes two nuts, the two nuts are threaded on both sides of the groove, and the nuts are in contact with the outer wall of the long support rod 5; the two baffles are in contact with the outer wall of the long support rod 5, and after the nuts are tightened on the threads, the baffles will be in contact with the long support rod, thereby completing stable support; The groove between the long support rod 5 and the short support rod 6 is provided with an anti-slip fastener, which includes a tooth-groove structure and a buckle. The long support rod 5 and the short support rod 6 fit together through the tooth-groove structure; the buckle is installed on the short support rod 6, and the buckle is detachably connected to the long support rod 5; the tooth-groove structure is used to stably fix the long support rod 5 and the short support rod 6; The buckle can quickly lock or release the long support rod 5 by rotating or pressing, and is flexible to adjust. It can also maintain the firmness of the connection even when the soft rock deforms greatly, greatly avoiding the risk of slipping and loosening caused by traditional fixed connection methods. The long support rod 5 can be inserted into the groove of the short support rod 6 and fixed by squeezing the nut to ensure the stability and flexibility of the support device. During the installation of the support, the long support rod 5 and the short support rod 6 are first aligned, and the long support rod 5 is inserted into the groove of the short support rod. During the insertion process, the construction personnel can quickly judge whether the construction requirements are met through the scale mark, thereby ensuring the accurate installation of the support device; After the support device is adjusted, the long support rod 5 and the short support rod 6 are locked and fixed by a double locking system of nuts and buckles to ensure the stability and reliability of the device in a high ground stress environment.

[0030] To further optimize the solution, anti-slip blocks are installed at both ends of the support plate 9 to prevent the pulley plate 8 from sliding off the support plate 9; the pulley plate 8 allows the support device to move in the tunnel; A plurality of rolling wheels are installed on the top surface of the supporting plate 9, and the rolling wheels are in rolling contact with the bottom of the pulley plate 8 to reduce friction during movement and improve movement efficiency.

[0031] According to a further optimized solution, the cross-sectional shape of the stopper is a right triangle, and the right-angled side of the stopper is arranged close to the pulley plate 8.

[0032] The present invention also provides a method for quickly supporting soft rock with large deformation, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Lay the support plate 9 and embed the pulley plate 8 on the support plate 9 so that the pulley plate 8 slides along the support plate 9. During the installation process, the size of the support device should be determined according to the tunnel site. The construction team will lay a certain length of support plate 9 in the area that needs support. The support plate 9 is the foundation of the support device and needs to be ensured to be flat and firmly fixed on the tunnel ground. Step 2: Fix the position of the pulley plate 8 by using a block, and then install the three long support rods 5 on the pulley plate 8 respectively; Step 3: After transporting the left support plate 1, the right support plate 2 and the top support plate 3 to the site, workers will assist in adjusting the positions and angles of the left support plate 1, the right support plate 2 and the top support plate 3; Attach the left support plate 1, right support plate 2 and top support plate 3 to the tunnel surface, and then install the two ends of the short support rod 6 on the installation groove 4; Step 4: Use the hydraulic device 7 to raise the top of the long support rod 5, and then assemble and fix the long support rod 5 and the short support rod 6 to form a complete support structure; Step 5: Check the connections and confirm the installation position and angle of the left support plate 1, right support plate 2, and top support plate 3. After all support devices are installed, the engineer needs to conduct a final inspection to ensure that all connections are firm and the position and angle of the support plate components are correct. Step 6: Replace the short support rod 6 when adjusting the application position, and adjust the installation position of the short support rod 6 and the installation slot 4 to narrow the support range; adjust the position of the pulley plate 8 and position it through the limit assembly; when it needs to be moved, a worker should first assist in disassembling the support rod assembly and place the center of gravity of the whole on the pulley plate 8, and slowly move the pulley plate 8 on the supporting plate 9. After reaching the designated position, fix it with blocks on both sides to prevent accidents; Step 7. After the support is completed, remove the short support rod 6 and the long support rod 5, and then remove the pulley plate 8 and the pallet 9; during the disassembly process, the connection between the support plate assembly and the support rod assembly should be loosened first, and then the support rod assemblies should be removed in sequence, and finally the pulley plate 8 and the pallet 9 should be removed. If only the application position needs to be adjusted, it is only necessary to adjust the connection method of the support rod assembly and the support plate assembly library to narrow the support range, and then remove the block with the assistance of the worker to move the device on the pallet 9 to the position where support is required, and then adjust the connection method of the support plate assembly and the support rod assembly according to the actual situation to adapt to the new surrounding rock environment.

[0033] The support device of the present invention is not only suitable for tunnel soft rock large deformation environment, but also can cope with various complex geological conditions.

[0034] During tunnel construction, when encountering high humidity or groundwater environment, the material of the support device is designed to be corrosion-resistant and waterproof. The surface of the support device is coated with an anti-corrosion coating. The long support rod 5 and the short support rod 6 are made of high-strength steel and coated with a corrosion-resistant alloy material on the outside to ensure that they will not rust even when working for a long time in a humid environment to ensure construction efficiency. In a high ground stress environment, the double locking design and high-strength connection method of the support device can ensure that the device remains stable in a high ground stress environment; the fitting design of the support plate assembly and the adjustable design of the support rod assembly can adapt to a variety of surrounding rock deformations and prevent damage or failure of the device due to excessive stress; in actual construction, when encountering severe tunnel deformation, the support device can be quickly moved through the pulley plate 8 and adjusted to the optimal position, and then the pulley plate 8 is locked by blocks and bolts to ensure that the support device will not be displaced due to soft rock deformation.

[0035] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "transverse", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating the orientation or position relationship, are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0036] Obviously, the above embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for the purpose of clearly illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. A person skilled in the art will be able to make other variations or modifications based on the above description. It is not necessary and impossible to enumerate all embodiments here. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A soft rock large deformation quick support device, characterized in that: include: A support plate assembly, the support plate assembly comprising a left support plate (1), a right support plate (2) and a top support plate (3); the left support plate (1) and the right support plate (2) are symmetrically mounted on both sides of the top support plate (3), and a plurality of mounting grooves (4) are mounted on both sides of the left support plate (1) and both sides of the right support plate (2); A support rod assembly, the support rod assembly comprising two short support rods (6) and three long support rods (5); two sides of the short support rod (6) are respectively detachably connected to the two mounting grooves (4), and one short support rod (6) is installed on each of the left support plate (1) and the right support plate (2); A bottom support mechanism, the bottom support mechanism comprising a support plate (9), a pulley plate (8) and a position limiting assembly; the pulley plate (8) is slidably connected to the support plate (9), the position limiting assembly is detachably connected to the support plate (9), and the position limiting assembly is used to position the pulley plate (8); The bottoms of the three long support rods (5) are detachably connected to the pulley plate (8), and a hydraulic device (7) is installed on the long support rods (5); the tops of two of the long support rods (5) are detachably connected to the two short support rods (6), respectively, and the top of another long support rod (5) is detachably connected to the top support plate (3).

2. The soft rock large deformation quick support device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A groove is provided at the center of the short support rod (6), the top of the long support rod (5) extends into the groove, and the short support rod (6) and the long support rod (5) are detachably connected via a locking structure.

3. The soft rock large deformation quick support device according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The limiting assembly comprises two stoppers, which are respectively located on two sides of the pulley plate (8), and the stoppers are detachably connected to the support plate (9) via positioning pieces.

4. The soft rock large deformation quick support device according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The support plate (9) is provided with a plurality of slots arranged at equal intervals, a first positioning hole is provided on the bottom wall of the slot, the bottom of the stopper is inserted into the slot, and a second positioning hole is provided through the stopper; the positioning member comprises a fixing rod, the fixing rod passes through the second positioning hole and is inserted into the first positioning hole.

5. The soft rock large deformation quick support device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The left supporting plate (1) and the right supporting plate (2) both comprise an inner layer and an outer layer fixed to the inner layer, the inner layer being made of a high-strength steel plate, and the outer layer being made of a high-elasticity polymer material.

6. The soft rock large deformation quick support device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The surfaces of the top support plate (3), the left support plate (1) and the right support plate (2) are all coated with an anti-corrosion coating.

7. The soft rock large deformation quick support device according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The groove of the short support rod (6) is provided with threads and baffles on both sides, and the two baffles are in contact with both sides of the outer wall of the long support rod (5); the locking structure comprises two nuts, the two nuts are threadedly sleeved on both sides of the groove, and the nuts are in contact with the outer wall of the long support rod (5); The groove between the long support rod (5) and the short support rod (6) is provided with an anti-slip fastener, the anti-slip fastener comprising a tooth groove structure and a buckle, the long support rod (5) and the short support rod (6) are fitted through the tooth groove structure; the buckle is installed on the short support rod (6), and the buckle is detachably connected to the long support rod (5).

8. The soft rock large deformation quick support device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Anti-drop blocks are installed at both ends of the support plate (9), and a plurality of rolling wheels are installed on the top surface of the support plate (9), wherein the rolling wheels are in rolling contact with the bottom of the pulley plate (8).

9. The soft rock large deformation quick support device according to claim 3 is characterized by: The cross-sectional shape of the stopper is a right triangle, and the right-angled side of the stopper is arranged close to the pulley plate (8).

10. A method for quick support of soft rock with large deformation, based on the quick support device for soft rock with large deformation according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Lay a support plate (9), and embed the pulley plate (8) into the support plate (9), so that the pulley plate (8) slides along the support plate (9); Step 2: Install three long support rods (5) on the pulley plates (8) respectively; Step 3: fit the left supporting plate (1), the right supporting plate (2) and the top supporting plate (3) to the tunnel surface, and then install the two ends of the short support rod (6) on the installation groove (4); Step 4: Lift the top of the long support rod (5) by means of a hydraulic device (7), and then assemble and fix the long support rod (5) and the short support rod (6) to form a complete support structure; Step 5: Check the connection points and confirm the installation positions and angles of the left support plate (1), the right support plate (2) and the top support plate (3); Step 6: When adjusting the application position, replace the short support rod (6), and adjust the installation position of the short support rod (6) and the installation slot (4) to reduce the support range; adjust the position of the pulley plate (8) and position it through the limit assembly; Step 7: After the support is completed, the short support rod (6) and the long support rod (5) are removed, and then the pulley plate (8) and the support plate (9) are removed.

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