Comprehensive control cultivation method for anthracnose of open-field loquats

Abstract

The invention discloses a comprehensive control cultivation method for anthracnose of open-field loquats, and belongs to the technical field of loquat cultivation. Comprising the following steps: (1) covering tree disks of loquats before frost comes, spraying an anti-freezing agent, an insecticidal bactericide and bagging young fruits; (2) after frosting or freezing injury occurs, bad fruits are thinned, topdressing and garden cleaning in winter are carried out in time, and fruit retention and swelling treatment is carried out; (3) after the air temperature rises in the second year, soil, fertilizer and water management and pruning are carried out, and pest control is carried out. The invention discloses a comprehensive prevention and treatment cultivation method for loquat anthracnose in open fields, which has a good prevention and treatment effect on the loquat anthracnose, so that the morbidity of the loquat anthracnose is as low as 2.2%, the loquat yield can be effectively increased, and the yield per mu reaches 612.2 kg / mu.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of loquat cultivation, in particular to a comprehensive prevention and control cultivation method for open-field loquat anthracnose. Background Art

[0002] Loquat (Eriobotryajaponica (Thunb.) Lindl.) is an evergreen tree plant of the genus Eriobotrya, subfamily Apple of the Rosaceae family. The twigs are sturdy with rusty or gray-brown hairs, the leaves are oblanceolate, and the petioles are gray-brown hairs; the panicle inflorescence is terminal, the calyx tube is shallowly cup-shaped, and the fruit is spherical or oblong. Loquat is one of the important fruit products in Chaozhou area, with a flowering period from October to December and a fruiting period from May to June. The earliest record of loquat was in the "Putian County Chronicles": "Loquat, matures in early summer, yellow in color and sour in taste", and it is named because its leaves are shaped like a pipa.

[0003] After frost damage occurs, loquat fruits or leaves are susceptible to anthracnose, but there is currently a lack of effective prevention and control methods for loquat anthracnose. Summary of the invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a comprehensive prevention and control cultivation method for loquat anthracnose in the open field, so as to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:

[0006] One of the technical solutions of the present invention is a comprehensive prevention and control cultivation method for loquat anthracnose in the open field, comprising the following steps:

[0007] (1) Before frost comes, cover the loquat tree with a tree tray, spray antifreeze, insecticide and fungicide, and bag the young fruit;

[0008] (2) After frost or freezing damage occurs, remove bad fruits, apply fertilizer in time, clean the garden in winter, and carry out fruit preservation and fruit swelling treatment;

[0009] (3) After the temperature rises in the second year, soil, fertilizer and water management, shaping and pruning, and disease and pest control should be carried out.

[0010] Based on the above technical solution, the present invention has the following technical effects:

[0011] The invention discloses a comprehensive prevention and control cultivation method for loquat anthracnose in the open field, which has a good prevention and control effect on loquat anthracnose, reduces the incidence rate of loquat anthracnose to 2.2%, and can effectively increase the loquat yield, with the yield per mu reaching 612.2 kg / mu. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0012] Now, various exemplary embodiments of the present invention are described in detail. The methods in the examples are conventional methods unless otherwise specified, and the reagents used are conventional commercially available reagents or reagents prepared by conventional methods unless otherwise specified. This detailed description should not be considered as a limitation of the present invention, but should be understood as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features and embodiments of the present invention.

[0013] It should be understood that the terms described in the present invention are only for describing a particular embodiment and are not intended to limit the present invention. In addition, for the numerical range in the present invention, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the scope is also specifically disclosed. The intermediate value in any stated value or stated range, and each smaller range between any other stated value or intermediate value in the described range is also included in the present invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges can be independently included or excluded in the scope.

[0014] Unless otherwise indicated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as those generally understood by those skilled in the art. Although the present invention describes only preferred methods and materials, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may also be used in the implementation or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference to disclose and describe the methods and / or materials associated with the documents. In the event of a conflict with any incorporated document, the content of this specification shall prevail.

[0015] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations may be made to the specific embodiments of the present invention description without departing from the scope or spirit of the present invention. Other embodiments derived from the present invention description will be apparent to the skilled artisan. The present invention description and examples are exemplary only.

[0016] The words “include,” “including,” “have,” “contain,” etc. used in this document are open-ended terms, meaning including but not limited to.

[0017] The technical solutions described in the present invention, unless otherwise specified, are all conventional solutions in the art, and the reagents or raw materials used, unless otherwise specified, are purchased from commercial channels or have been disclosed.

[0018] The embodiment of the present invention provides a comprehensive prevention and control cultivation method for loquat anthracnose in the open field, comprising the following steps:

[0019] (1) Before frost comes, cover the loquat tree with a tree tray, spray antifreeze, insecticide and fungicide, and bag the young fruit;

[0020] (2) After frost or freezing damage occurs, remove bad fruits, apply fertilizer in time, clean the garden in winter, and carry out fruit preservation and fruit swelling treatment;

[0021] (3) After the temperature rises in the second year, soil, fertilizer and water management, shaping and pruning, and disease and pest control should be carried out.

[0022] In some specific embodiments, the tree tray covering method is: 7 to 10 days before the occurrence of frost, the loquat tree tray is covered with soil or covered to a thickness of 15 to 20 cm;

[0023] The covering specifically includes covering with straw, weeds, rice straw or ground film.

[0024] In some specific embodiments, the method of spraying the antifreeze agent is: spraying the loquat young fruit with the antifreeze agent 14 to 16 days before the arrival of frost weather, spraying twice in total, spraying once every 7 to 8 days, and spraying each time until the fruit surface is dripping;

[0025] The antifreeze agent is selected from any one of a 20 mmol / L γ-aminobutyric acid solution, a 2.0 mg / L brassinolide solution, or a 200 μmol / L melatonin solution.

[0026] In some specific implementation schemes, the insecticide and fungicide are specifically: spraying the whole tree with the insecticide and fungicide before bagging, and the insecticide and fungicide is 10% difenoconazole 1000-1500 times solution + 25% pyraclostrobin 1500-2000 times solution + cypermethrin 2000 times solution.

[0027] In some specific implementation schemes, the method of bagging young fruits is: first bag the fruits with a foam net, then bag the fruit on the outer layer, gather and wrap the leaves below the flower spike upwards, and then bag the leaves and fruits together.

[0028] In some specific implementation schemes, the method of timely topdressing is: applying a water-soluble fertilizer solution of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (N:P:K=20:20) to the loquat tree tray once, preferably until the fertilizer solution completely penetrates into the soil without flowing out; applying 0.2 kg / plant to 1-3 year old loquat trees, 0.5 kg / plant to 3-5 year old loquat trees, and 0.8 kg / plant to loquat trees over 5 years old;

[0029] Or use foliar fertilization, spray the loquat tree crown with 0.2%-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 0.3% urea solution 2-3 times, each time with an interval of 7-10 days.

[0030] In some specific implementation schemes, the method for winter orchard cleaning is: removing dead branches, fallen leaves, fallen fruits, diseased fruits and weeds from the orchard, and centrally burning or deeply burying them.

[0031] In some specific embodiments, the method for preserving and expanding fruit is: spraying 1000 mg / L gibberellin + 20 mg / L chlorforchlorfenuron + 20 mg / L thidiazuron aqueous solution on the 3rd and 33rd days after frost or frost damage occurs on young loquat fruits whose ovules are frostbitten but the flesh is not frozen.

[0032] In some specific implementation schemes, the method of soil, fertilizer and water management is: when the air temperature returns to 10°C, the soil in the loquat tree tray is tilled and loosened with a tillage depth of 10 to 15 cm, and ring ditch fertilization is adopted at the same time, a ring ditch is dug along the drip line of the loquat tree crown, the ditch width is 20 to 40 cm, and the ditch depth is 30 to 60 cm; 0.2 kg / plant of quick-acting balanced fertilizer is applied to 1-3 year old loquat trees, 0.5 kg / plant of quick-acting balanced fertilizer is applied to 3-5 year old loquat trees, and 0.8 kg / plant of loquat trees over 5 years old are applied with quick-acting balanced fertilizer, followed by covering with soil and watering sufficiently; the N:P:K in the quick-acting balanced fertilizer is 18:18:18.

[0033] The shaping and pruning method comprises the following steps: pinching the loquat spring shoots when they grow to 3-5 cm in mid-March to early April; pruning in time after fruit picking in mid-May to June to promote the budding of side buds into summer shoots; selecting 1-2 full and strong buds when the new buds sprouting under the cut grow to 2-3 cm, removing all the others, and cultivating strong summer shoots as fruiting branches; and thinning or retracting the drooping branches, overlapping branches, overcrowded branches, senescent branches and diseased and insect-infested branches of the loquat tree before the loquat buds appear in September to October to adjust the fruit-branch ratio and make the tree ventilated and light-permeable.

[0034] In some specific embodiments, the pest control method is: strengthen orchard management, prune reasonably, and clean the orchard in time to enhance tree vigor and improve loquat disease resistance;

[0035] During the shoot, flowering and young fruit stages, spray the whole garden with 600-1000 times solution of 80% mancozeb wettable powder, 800-1200 times solution of 70% thiophanate-methyl or 6000-800 times solution of 50% carbendazim wettable powder 2-3 times, with an interval of 15 days each time; if there is continuous rainy weather, spray before and after the rain;

[0036] After the temperature rises in spring, spray the entire orchard with 10% imidacloprid 2000-3000 times solution or 5% acetamiprid 2000 times solution + 5% avermectin 1500-2000 times solution or 20% cypermethrin wettable powder 1500-2000 times solution 1-2 times depending on the insect situation in the orchard.

[0037] Example 1

[0038] 1. Loquat Antifreeze Technology

[0039] (1) Tree tray coverage

[0040] Before frost comes, cover the loquat tree with straw or rice straw with a thickness of 15 cm, which can not only maintain soil moisture, but also increase soil temperature to prevent dry freezing. In addition, maintain the soil moisture in the orchard, so that the field water holding capacity of the soil is kept at 65%, and avoid large amounts of watering after a long drought, which will increase the water content of young loquat fruits and easily aggravate frost damage.

[0041] (2) Spraying antifreeze

[0042] According to the weather forecast, spray the loquat fruit with antifreeze 14 days before the arrival of frost weather, spray twice, spray once every 7 days, and spray each time until the fruit surface is dripping. Spraying 200μmol / L melatonin solution can effectively improve the cold resistance of loquat fruit (note that it is best to spray at 10 am on a sunny day. If it rains within 1 day after spraying, spray again).

[0043] (3) Bagging of young fruits

[0044] Bagging the fruits before frost comes. Before bagging, thin the fruits first (leave 1 fruit for bagging single fruit; leave 2-3 fruits for bagging fruit clusters), and then spray the whole tree with insecticides and fungicides once. The insecticides and fungicides are 10% fenpropimorph 1000-1500 times solution + 25% pyraclostrobin 1500-2000 times solution + cypermethrin 2000 times solution. After the agent is dried, choose fruit bags of appropriate specifications for bagging. First use a foaming net to bag the fruits, and then put a fruit bag on the outer layer, which can not only prevent the fruits from contacting the fruit bags, but also increase the temperature inside the bag. At the same time, gather the leaves below the flower spike upwards and wrap them, and then bag the leaves and fruits together to prevent the fruits from contacting the fruit bags.

[0045] 2. Loquat Fruit Preservation Technology

[0046] (1) Remove bad fruits

[0047] 3-5 days after frost or freezing occurs, check the freezing condition of the orchard. The flesh of normal loquat young fruits is tender green, and the ovules are milky white. The flesh of frost-damaged young fruits is brown, and the ovules are brown or even necrotic. Cut the young fruits with a knife and observe the degree of freezing of the flesh and ovules. If the freezing damage is severe, the flesh and embryos of the loquat young fruits will turn brown or even necrotic, and they need to be removed in time to avoid wasting nutrients.

[0048] (2) Timely topdressing

[0049] 3 to 5 days after frost or freezing damage occurs, apply a water-soluble fertilizer solution of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (N:P:K=20:20) to the loquat tree tray once, until the fertilizer solution completely penetrates into the soil and does not flow out; apply 0.2 kg / plant to 1-3 year old loquat trees, 0.5 kg / plant to 3-5 year old loquat trees, and 0.8 kg / plant to loquat trees over 5 years old.

[0050] (3) Fruit preservation and fruit expansion

[0051] The adverse effects of frost damage on loquat fruits are mainly because the embryos of young loquat fruits are frozen to death or frostbitten, and the fruits cannot form seeds or the embryos cannot develop normally to form shriveled seeds, which affects the normal development of young fruits and leads to a significant decrease in fruit setting rate and yield. Even if some young fruits will swell slightly or even mature, their fruit shape is extremely small and the fruits are wrinkled, with no commercial value. After the orchard is frozen, the fruit preservation and swelling technology is promptly adopted to promote fruit setting and swelling, which can effectively reduce economic losses. For young loquat fruits whose embryos are frostbitten but whose flesh has not been frozen, spray the young loquat fruits with 1000mg / L gibberellin + 20mg / L chlorfenapyr + 20mg / L thiadiazole aqueous solution on the 3rd and 33rd days after frost or frost damage occurs. The mature fruits obtained are seedless or contain 1-2 shriveled seeds, and the single fruit weight and fruit size are the same as normal fruits.

[0052] 3. Loquat quality improvement technology

[0053] (1) Soil, fertilizer and water management

[0054] When the temperature returns to 10℃, the loquat tree tray is tilled and loosened, and the tillage depth is 10-15cm. At the same time, ring ditch fertilization is used to dig a ring ditch along the drip line of the loquat crown, with a width of 20cm and a depth of 30cm. Apply 0.2kg of quick-acting balanced fertilizer to 1-3 year old loquat trees, 0.5kg of quick-acting balanced fertilizer to 3-5 year old loquat trees, and 0.8kg of quick-acting balanced fertilizer to loquat trees over 5 years old, followed by covering the soil and watering; N:P:K in the quick-acting balanced fertilizer is 18:18:18. In addition, during the rapid expansion period of the fruit from early April to early May, applying 1% amino acid calcium + 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution to the roots every 14d can effectively reduce the fruit cracking rate and promote the increase of sugar and acid in the fruit.

[0055] (2) Plastic surgery

[0056] The cold resistance of loquat flowers is stronger than that of young fruits, and delaying the flowering period can effectively avoid freezing. From mid-March to early April, when the spring shoots of loquats grow to 3-5cm, pinching can delay the time of loquat budding, delay the initial flowering period by more than 1 month, and thus increase the fruit setting rate of loquat second and third flowers. Timely pruning after fruit picking from mid-May to June can promote the germination of side buds into summer shoots, prolong the time of summer shoots, and delay the flowering period. In addition, when the new buds sprouting under the cut grow to 2-3cm, select 1-2 full and strong buds, remove all the others, and cultivate strong summer shoots as fruiting branches, which can effectively increase the fruit setting rate. From September to October, before the loquats bud, thin out or retract the drooping branches, overlapping branches, overcrowded branches, aging branches, and diseased and insect-infested branches of loquat trees, adjust the fruit-branch ratio, and make the tree ventilated and light-permeable.

[0057] (3) Pest and disease control

[0058] Strengthen orchard management, prune reasonably, and clean the orchard in time to enhance tree vigor and improve loquat disease resistance. In addition, 80% mancozeb wettable powder 600-1000 times solution can be sprayed throughout the orchard during the shoot, flowering and young fruit stages each year, 2-3 times, 15 days apart each time. If there is continuous rainy weather, spray before and after the rain. After the temperature rises in spring, spray 10% imidacloprid 2000-3000 times solution, or 5% acetamiprid 2000 times solution + 5% avermectin 1500-2000 times solution, or 20% pyridamole wettable powder 1500-2000 times solution 1-2 times according to the insect situation in the orchard.

[0059] Example 2

[0060] 1. Loquat Antifreeze Technology

[0061] (1) Tree tray coverage

[0062] Before the frost comes, cover the loquat tree with mulch to maintain soil moisture, increase soil temperature and prevent dry freezing. In addition, maintain the soil moisture in the orchard and keep the field water holding capacity of the soil at 65% to avoid excessive watering after a long drought, which will increase the water content of young loquat fruits and easily aggravate frost damage.

[0063] (2) Spraying antifreeze

[0064] According to the weather forecast, spray the loquat fruit with antifreeze 14 days before the arrival of frost weather, spray twice, once every 7 days, and spray each time until the fruit surface is dripping. Spraying 20mmol / L γ-aminobutyric acid solution can effectively improve the cold resistance of loquat fruit (note that it is best to spray at 10 am on a sunny day. If it rains within 1 day after spraying, spray again).

[0065] (3) Bagging of young fruits

[0066] Bagging the fruits before the arrival of frost. Before bagging, thin the fruits first (leave 1 fruit for bagging single fruit; leave 2-3 fruits for bagging fruit clusters), and then spray the whole tree with insecticides and fungicides once. The insecticides and fungicides are 10% fenpropimorph 1000-1500 times solution + 25% pyraclostrobin 1500-2000 times solution + cypermethrin 2000 times solution. After the agent is dried, choose fruit bags of appropriate specifications for bagging. First use a foaming net to bag the fruits, and then put a fruit bag on the outer layer, which can not only prevent the fruits from contacting the fruit bags, but also increase the temperature inside the bag. At the same time, gather the leaves below the flower spike upwards and wrap them, and then bag the leaves and fruits together to prevent the fruits from contacting the fruit bags.

[0067] 2. Loquat Fruit Preservation Technology

[0068] (1) Remove bad fruits

[0069] 3-5 days after frost or freezing occurs, check the freezing condition of the orchard. The flesh of normal loquat young fruits is tender green, and the ovules are milky white. The flesh of frost-damaged young fruits is brown, and the ovules are brown or even necrotic. Cut the young fruits with a knife and observe the degree of freezing of the flesh and ovules. If the freezing damage is severe, the flesh and embryos of the loquat young fruits will turn brown or even necrotic, and they need to be removed in time to avoid wasting nutrients.

[0070] (2) Timely topdressing

[0071] 3 to 5 days after frost or freezing damage occurs, apply a water-soluble fertilizer solution of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (N:P:K=20:20) to the loquat tree tray once, until the fertilizer solution completely penetrates into the soil and does not flow out; apply 0.2 kg / plant to 1-3 year old loquat trees, 0.5 kg / plant to 3-5 year old loquat trees, and 0.8 kg / plant to loquat trees over 5 years old.

[0072] (3) Fruit preservation and fruit expansion

[0073] The adverse effects of frost damage on loquat fruits are mainly because the embryos of young loquat fruits are frozen to death or frostbitten, and the fruits cannot form seeds or the embryos cannot develop normally to form shriveled seeds, which affects the normal development of young fruits and leads to a significant decrease in fruit setting rate and yield. Even if some young fruits will swell slightly or even mature, their fruit shape is extremely small and the fruits are wrinkled, with no commercial value. After the orchard is frozen, the fruit preservation and swelling technology is promptly adopted to promote fruit setting and swelling, which can effectively reduce economic losses. For young loquat fruits whose embryos are frostbitten but whose flesh has not been frozen, spray the young loquat fruits with 1000mg / L gibberellin + 20mg / L chlorfenapyr + 20mg / L thiadiazole aqueous solution on the 3rd and 33rd days after frost or frost damage occurs. The mature fruits obtained are seedless or contain 1-2 shriveled seeds, and the single fruit weight and fruit size are the same as normal fruits.

[0074] 3. Loquat quality improvement technology

[0075] (1) Soil, fertilizer and water management

[0076] When the temperature returns to 10℃, the loquat tree tray is tilled and loosened, and the tillage depth is 10-15cm. At the same time, ring ditch fertilization is used to dig a ring ditch along the drip line of the loquat crown, with a width of 20cm and a depth of 30cm. Apply 0.2kg of quick-acting balanced fertilizer to 1-3 year old loquat trees, 0.5kg of quick-acting balanced fertilizer to 3-5 year old loquat trees, and 0.8kg of quick-acting balanced fertilizer to loquat trees over 5 years old, followed by covering the soil and watering; N:P:K in the quick-acting balanced fertilizer is 18:18:18. In addition, during the rapid expansion period of the fruit from early April to early May, applying 1% amino acid calcium + 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution to the roots every 14d can effectively reduce the fruit cracking rate and promote the increase of sugar and acid in the fruit.

[0077] (2) Plastic surgery

[0078] The cold resistance of loquat flowers is stronger than that of young fruits, and delaying the flowering period can effectively avoid freezing. From mid-March to early April, when the spring shoots of loquats grow to 3-5cm, pinching can delay the time of loquat budding, delay the initial flowering period by more than 1 month, and thus increase the fruit setting rate of loquat second and third flowers. Timely pruning after fruit picking from mid-May to June can promote the germination of side buds into summer shoots, prolong the time of summer shoots, and delay the flowering period. In addition, when the new buds sprouting under the cut grow to 2-3cm, select 1-2 full and strong buds, remove all the others, and cultivate strong summer shoots as fruiting branches, which can effectively increase the fruit setting rate. From September to October, before the loquats bud, thin out or retract the drooping branches, overlapping branches, overcrowded branches, aging branches, and diseased and insect-infested branches of loquat trees, adjust the fruit-branch ratio, and make the tree ventilated and light-permeable.

[0079] (3) Pest and disease control

[0080] Strengthen orchard management, prune properly, and clean the orchard in time to enhance tree vigor and improve loquat disease resistance. In addition, spray 70% thiophanate-methyl 800-1200 times solution throughout the orchard during the shoot, flowering and young fruit stages each year, 2-3 times, 15 days apart each time. If there is continuous rainy weather, spray before and after the rain. After the temperature rises in spring, spray 10% imidacloprid 2000-3000 times solution, or 5% acetamiprid 2000 times solution + 5% avermectin 1500-2000 times solution, or 20% pyridamole wettable powder 1500-2000 times solution 1-2 times throughout the orchard according to the insect situation.

[0081] Example 3

[0082] 1. Loquat Antifreeze Technology

[0083] (1) Tree tray coverage

[0084] Before the frost comes, add soil to the tree tray to increase the thickness of the soil layer and improve the cold resistance of the fruit trees. In addition, maintain the soil moisture in the orchard and avoid excessive watering after a long drought, which will increase the water content of young loquat fruits and easily aggravate frost damage.

[0085] (2) Spraying antifreeze

[0086] According to the weather forecast, spray the loquat fruit with antifreeze 14 days before the arrival of frost weather, spray twice, once every 7 days, and spray each time until the fruit surface is dripping. Spraying 2.0 mg / L brassinolide solution can effectively improve the cold resistance of loquat fruit (note that it is best to spray at 10 am on a sunny day. If it rains within 1 day after spraying, spray again).

[0087] (3) Bagging of young fruits

[0088] Bagging the fruits before the arrival of frost. Before bagging, thin the fruits first (leave 1 fruit for bagging single fruit; leave 2-3 fruits for bagging fruit clusters), and then spray the whole tree with insecticides and fungicides once. The insecticides and fungicides are 10% fenpropimorph 1000-1500 times solution + 25% pyraclostrobin 1500-2000 times solution + cypermethrin 2000 times solution. After the agent is dried, choose fruit bags of appropriate specifications for bagging. First use a foaming net to bag the fruits, and then put a fruit bag on the outer layer, which can not only prevent the fruits from contacting the fruit bags, but also increase the temperature inside the bag. At the same time, gather the leaves below the flower spike upwards and wrap them, and then bag the leaves and fruits together to prevent the fruits from contacting the fruit bags.

[0089] 2. Loquat Fruit Preservation Technology

[0090] (1) Remove bad fruits

[0091] 3-5 days after frost or freezing occurs, check the freezing condition of the orchard. The flesh of normal loquat young fruits is tender green, and the ovules are milky white. The flesh of frost-damaged young fruits is brown, and the ovules are brown or even necrotic. Cut the young fruits with a knife and observe the degree of freezing of the flesh and ovules. If the freezing damage is severe, the flesh and embryos of the loquat young fruits will turn brown or even necrotic, and they need to be removed in time to avoid wasting nutrients.

[0092] (2) Timely topdressing

[0093] 3 to 5 days after frost or freezing damage occurs, apply a water-soluble fertilizer solution of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (N:P:K=20:20) to the loquat tree tray once, until the fertilizer solution completely penetrates into the soil and does not flow out; apply 0.2 kg / plant to 1-3 year old loquat trees, 0.5 kg / plant to 3-5 year old loquat trees, and 0.8 kg / plant to loquat trees over 5 years old.

[0094] (3) Fruit preservation and fruit expansion

[0095] The adverse effects of frost damage on loquat fruits are mainly because the embryos of young loquat fruits are frozen to death or frostbitten, and the fruits cannot form seeds or the embryos cannot develop normally to form shriveled seeds, which affects the normal development of young fruits and leads to a significant decrease in fruit setting rate and yield. Even if some young fruits will swell slightly or even mature, their fruit shape is extremely small and the fruits are wrinkled, with no commercial value. After the orchard is frozen, the fruit preservation and swelling technology is promptly adopted to promote fruit setting and swelling, which can effectively reduce economic losses. For young loquat fruits whose embryos are frostbitten but whose flesh has not been frozen, spray the young loquat fruits with 1000mg / L gibberellin + 20mg / L chlorfenapyr + 20mg / L thiadiazole aqueous solution on the 3rd and 33rd days after frost or frost damage occurs. The mature fruits obtained are seedless or contain 1-2 shriveled seeds, and the single fruit weight and fruit size are the same as normal fruits.

[0096] 3. Loquat quality improvement technology

[0097] (1) Soil, fertilizer and water management

[0098] When the temperature returns to 10℃, the loquat tree tray is tilled and loosened, and the tillage depth is 10-15cm. At the same time, ring ditch fertilization is used to dig a ring ditch along the drip line of the loquat crown, with a width of 20cm and a depth of 30cm. Apply 0.2kg of quick-acting balanced fertilizer to 1-3 year old loquat trees, 0.5kg of quick-acting balanced fertilizer to 3-5 year old loquat trees, and 0.8kg of quick-acting balanced fertilizer to loquat trees over 5 years old, followed by covering the soil and watering; N:P:K in the quick-acting balanced fertilizer is 18:18:18. In addition, during the rapid expansion period of the fruit from early April to early May, applying 1% amino acid calcium + 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution to the roots every 14d can effectively reduce the fruit cracking rate and promote the increase of sugar and acid in the fruit.

[0099] (2) Plastic surgery

[0100] The cold resistance of loquat flowers is stronger than that of young fruits, and delaying the flowering period can effectively avoid freezing. From mid-March to early April, when the spring shoots of loquats grow to 3-5cm, pinching can delay the time of loquat budding, delay the initial flowering period by more than 1 month, and thus increase the fruit setting rate of loquat second and third flowers. Timely pruning after fruit picking from mid-May to June can promote the germination of side buds into summer shoots, prolong the time of summer shoots, and delay the flowering period. In addition, when the new buds sprouting under the cut grow to 2-3cm, select 1-2 full and strong buds, remove all the others, and cultivate strong summer shoots as fruiting branches, which can effectively increase the fruit setting rate. From September to October, before the loquats bud, thin out or retract the drooping branches, overlapping branches, overcrowded branches, aging branches, and diseased and insect-infested branches of loquat trees, adjust the fruit-branch ratio, and make the tree ventilated and light-permeable.

[0101] (3) Pest and disease control

[0102] Strengthen orchard management, prune reasonably, and clean the orchard in time to enhance tree vigor and improve loquat disease resistance. In addition, 50% carbendazim wettable powder 6000-800 times solution can be sprayed throughout the orchard during the shoot, flowering and young fruit stages each year, 2-3 times, 15 days apart each time. If there is continuous rainy weather, spray before and after the rain. After the temperature rises in spring, spray 10% imidacloprid 2000-3000 times solution, or 5% acetamiprid 2000 times solution + 5% avermectin 1500-2000 times solution, or 20% pyridamole wettable powder 1500-2000 times solution 1-2 times according to the insect situation in the orchard.

[0103] Comparative Example 1

[0104] The only difference from Example 1 is that the tree disk covering operation is not performed, and the other steps are completely consistent with Example 1.

[0105] Comparative Example 2

[0106] The only difference from Example 1 is that the antifreeze agent spraying operation is not performed, and the other steps are completely consistent with Example 1.

[0107] Comparative Example 3

[0108] The only difference from Example 1 is that the operation of fruit preservation and fruit expansion is not performed, and the other steps are completely consistent with Example 1.

[0109] Comparative Example 4

[0110] The only difference from Example 1 is that the fertilizer and water regulation operation is not performed, and the other steps are exactly the same as Example 1.

[0111] Experimental example

[0112] The field experiment of the present invention was carried out in Chongzhou City, Sichuan Province. The trees in the selected experimental orchards were all 5 years old, and the loquat varieties were all 'Big Five Stars'. The orchard experiment was designed with Example Groups 1 to 3 and Comparative Example Groups 1 to 4, which corresponded to the methods in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4, respectively. Each group had an area of ​​1 mu. The yield was measured after the loquats were harvested, and the incidence of anthracnose was counted (the presence of dotted brown spots on the leaves and typical spots on the loquat fruits was determined as diseased, and the incidence was calculated statistically). The results are shown in Table 1.

[0113] Table 1

[0114]

[0115]

[0116] Experimental results show that the comprehensive prevention and control cultivation method for open-field loquat anthracnose disclosed in the present invention has a good prevention and control effect on loquat anthracnose, reducing the incidence rate of loquat anthracnose to 2.2%, and can effectively increase loquat yield.

[0117] Obviously, the above embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the implementation methods of the present invention. For ordinary technical users in the relevant field, other different forms of changes or modifications can be made on the basis of the above description. It is not necessary and impossible to list all the implementation methods here. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A comprehensive prevention and control cultivation method for loquat anthracnose in the open field, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Before frost comes, cover the loquat tree with a tree tray, spray antifreeze, insecticide and fungicide, and bag the young fruit; (2) After frost or freezing damage occurs, remove bad fruits, apply fertilizer in time, clean the garden in winter, and carry out fruit preservation and fruit swelling treatment; (3) After the temperature rises in the second year, soil, fertilizer and water management, shaping and pruning, and disease and pest control should be carried out.

2. The integrated prevention and control cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tree tray covering method is: 7 to 10 days before the frost appears, the loquat tree tray is covered with soil or covered with a thickness of 15 to 20 cm; The covering specifically includes covering with straw, weeds, rice straw or ground film.

3. The integrated prevention and control cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method of spraying the antifreeze agent is as follows: spraying the loquat young fruit with the antifreeze agent 14 to 16 days before the arrival of frost weather, spraying twice in total, spraying once every 7 to 8 days, and spraying each time until the fruit surface is dripping; The antifreeze agent is selected from any one of a 20 mmol / L γ-aminobutyric acid solution, a 2.0 mg / L brassinolide solution, or a 200 μmol / L melatonin solution.

4. The integrated prevention and control cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The insecticide and fungicide is specifically: the whole tree is sprayed with the insecticide and fungicide before bagging, and the insecticide and fungicide is 10% difenoconazole 1000-1500 times solution + 25% pyraclostrobin 1500-2000 times solution + cypermethrin 2000 times solution.

5. The integrated prevention and control cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method for bagging young fruits is as follows: firstly, the fruits are bagged with a foaming net, then a fruit bag is put on the outer layer, the leaves below the flower spike are gathered and wrapped upward, and then the leaves and fruits are bagged together.

6. The integrated prevention and control cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method of timely topdressing is: applying nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (N:P:K=20:20) water-soluble fertilizer solution to the loquat tree tray once, preferably the fertilizer solution completely penetrates into the soil without flowing out; applying 0.2kg / plant to 1-3 year old loquat trees, 0.5kg / plant to 3-5 year old loquat trees, and 0.8kg / plant to loquat trees over 5 years old; Or use foliar fertilization, spray the loquat tree crown with 0.2%-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 0.3% urea solution 2-3 times, each time with an interval of 7-10 days.

7. The integrated prevention and control cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method of winter garden cleaning is to remove dead branches, fallen leaves, fallen fruits, diseased fruits and weeds from the orchard and burn or bury them in a centralized manner.

8. The integrated prevention and control cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method for preserving and swelling the fruit comprises spraying 1000 mg / L gibberellin + 20 mg / L chlorfenapyr + 20 mg / L thidiazuron aqueous solution on the 3rd and 33rd days after frost or freezing damage occurs to young loquat fruits whose ovules are frozen but whose flesh is not frozen.

9. The integrated prevention and control cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method for managing soil, fertilizer and water is as follows: when the air temperature returns to 10°C, the soil in the loquat tree tray is tilled and loosened with a tillage depth of 10 to 15 cm, and at the same time, circular ditch fertilization is adopted, and a circular ditch is dug along the drip line of the loquat tree crown with a ditch width of 20 to 40 cm and a ditch depth of 30 to 60 cm; 0.2 kg / plant of quick-acting balanced fertilizer is applied to 1- to 3-year-old loquat trees, 0.5 kg / plant of quick-acting balanced fertilizer is applied to 3- to 5-year-old loquat trees, and 0.8 kg / plant of quick-acting balanced fertilizer is applied to loquat trees over 5 years old, followed by covering with soil and watering sufficiently; the N:P:K in the quick-acting balanced fertilizer is equal to 18:18:

18. The shaping and pruning method comprises the following steps: pinching the loquat spring shoots when they grow to 3-5 cm in mid-March to early April; pruning in time after fruit picking in mid-May to June to promote the budding of side buds into summer shoots; selecting 1-2 full and strong buds when the new buds sprouting under the cut grow to 2-3 cm, removing all the others, and cultivating strong summer shoots as fruiting branches; and thinning or retracting the drooping branches, overlapping branches, overcrowded branches, senescent branches and diseased and insect-infested branches of the loquat tree before the loquat buds appear in September to October to adjust the fruit-branch ratio and make the tree ventilated and light-permeable.

10. The integrated prevention and control cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method of pest control is: strengthen orchard management, prune reasonably, and clean the orchard in time to enhance tree vigor and improve loquat disease resistance; During the shoot, flowering and young fruit stages, spray the whole garden with 600-1000 times solution of 80% mancozeb wettable powder, 800-1200 times solution of 70% thiophanate-methyl or 6000-800 times solution of 50% carbendazim wettable powder 2-3 times, with an interval of 15 days each time; if there is continuous rainy weather, spray before and after the rain; After the temperature rises in spring, spray the entire orchard with 10% imidacloprid 2000-3000 times solution or 5% acetamiprid 2000 times solution + 5% avermectin 1500-2000 times solution or 20% cypermethrin wettable powder 1500-2000 times solution 1-2 times depending on the insect situation in the orchard.

Images