Method for improving drought tolerance and yield of wheat through combined application of wormcast and sodium selenite

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, and particularly relates to a method for improving drought tolerance and yield of wheat through combined application of wormcast and sodium selenite. According to the method, the wheat is sown after the wormcast is applied to the soil, and the sodium selenite solution is sprayed when drought stress occurs, so that the growth index of the wheat under the drought stress can be remarkably improved, oxidative stress indexes such as MDA, H2O2 and O2 <-> in the wheat can be remarkably reduced, the activity of antioxidant enzymes SOD, POD, CAT and APX is increased, and meanwhile, the flour yield of wheat grains is also increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, and more specifically relates to a method for improving the drought resistance and yield of wheat by combining earthworm castings and sodium selenite. Background Art

[0002] As one of the main food crops, it is of great significance to ensure the yield and quality of wheat. However, drought stress is one of the main abiotic stresses that affect wheat growth and yield, especially in arid and semi-arid areas. Drought stress leads to water limitation, stomatal closure and insufficient nutrient intake, which in turn interferes with plant metabolic activities such as photosynthesis, respiration and protein biosynthesis. In addition, drought stress increases the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which will destroy cell membranes and damage cytochromes such as chlorophyll, leading to reduced wheat yield.

[0003] In order to cope with drought stress, various methods have been adopted to enhance the drought tolerance of plants, including breeding drought-tolerant varieties and identifying and screening drought-tolerant varieties. Although breeding drought-tolerant varieties is a key strategy, the high cost and long time investment involved in the process are major challenges. How to enhance the ability of wheat to cope with drought stress through other means, reduce cost investment, and increase wheat yield has become an urgent problem that technicians in this field need to solve. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for improving the drought resistance and yield of wheat by combining earthworm castings with sodium selenite, so as to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:

[0006] One of the technical solutions of the present invention is to provide an application of combined earthworm castings and sodium selenite in improving the drought resistance of wheat.

[0007] The second technical solution of the present invention is to provide a method for increasing wheat yield by combining earthworm castings and sodium selenite.

[0008] The third technical solution of the present invention is to provide a method for using earthworm castings and sodium selenite in combination to improve the flour yield of wheat grains.

[0009] The fourth technical solution of the present invention is to provide a combined use of earthworm castings and sodium selenite in reducing the oxidative stress index level of wheat.

[0010] The fifth technical solution of the present invention: provides an application of earthworm castings and sodium selenite in increasing the antioxidant enzyme activity of wheat.

[0011] Technical solution 6 of the present invention: Provide a method for improving drought resistance and yield of wheat by combining earthworm castings and sodium selenite, the steps comprising:

[0012] After applying earthworm castings to the soil, wheat is sown and when drought stress occurs, sodium selenite solution is sprayed.

[0013] Furthermore, the earthworm castings are applied to the soil at a ratio of 4-8% w / w.

[0014] Furthermore, the concentration of the sodium selenite solution is 3-6 mg / L.

[0015] Worm castings are mixed into the soil before planting, and sodium selenite is sprayed on wheat leaves after drought occurs.

[0016] Furthermore, the spraying amount of the sodium selenite solution is such that water drips naturally on the wheat leaves.

[0017] As an organic soil conditioner, vermicompost is beneficial to improving soil physical, chemical and biological properties. Vermicompost increases soil water retention and nutrient availability, ultimately increasing wheat growth and yield under various abiotic stresses. Selenium (Se) is an important micronutrient, and the present invention combines it with vermicompost and finds that it can promote wheat growth and yield under drought stress conditions.

[0018] The present invention discloses the following technical effects:

[0019] The present invention analyzes the effects of combined application of vermicompost and sodium selenite on wheat growth and physiological indicators, oxidative stress indicators, antioxidant enzyme activity, yield and quality under different degrees of drought stress. The results show that compared with the control group without vermicompost, the combined application of vermicompost and sodium selenite showed significant improvement in wheat growth indicators such as leaf area, tiller number and plant height under all drought stress levels, and also significantly reduced MDA, H2O2 and O2 in wheat. - The oxidative stress indexes such as soil fertility and oxidative stress decreased by 46.5-48.2%, 49.1-58.9% and 20-30%, respectively, and the activities of antioxidant enzymes SOD, POD, CAT and APX increased by 110.7-489%, 54.5-152.7%, 84.2-220.2% and 26.01-534.2%, respectively. At the same time, the combined application of soil conditioners vermicompost and sodium selenite also increased the flour yield of wheat grains by 2.56-6.04%. It can be seen that the combined application of vermicompost and sodium selenite can significantly improve the drought resistance and yield of wheat. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] The drawings constituting a part of the present application are used to provide a further understanding of the present application. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of the present application are used to explain the present application and do not constitute an improper limitation on the present application. In the drawings:

[0021] Figure 1 Physiological indicators of wheat leaves under different treatments, among which (a) is total chlorophyll, (b) is carotenoids and protein, and (c) is relative water content;

[0022] Figure 2 The effects of different treatments on oxidative stress indicators of wheat, where (a) is MDA and protein content, (b) is H2O2 and O2 - , (c) is soluble sugar;

[0023] Figure 3 Effects of different treatments on the antioxidant enzyme activities of wheat, where (a) is SOD, POD and CAT, and (b) is APX. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail. This detailed description should not be considered as limiting the present invention, but should be understood as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features, and embodiments of the present invention.

[0025] It should be understood that the terms described in the present invention are only for describing a particular embodiment and are not intended to limit the present invention. In addition, for the numerical range in the present invention, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the scope is also specifically disclosed. The intermediate value in any stated value or stated range, and each smaller range between any other stated value or intermediate value in the described range is also included in the present invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges can be independently included or excluded in the scope.

[0026] Unless otherwise indicated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as those generally understood by those skilled in the art. Although the present invention describes only preferred methods and materials, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may also be used in the implementation or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference to disclose and describe the methods and / or materials associated with the documents. In the event of a conflict with any incorporated document, the content of this specification shall prevail.

[0027] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations may be made to the specific embodiments of the present invention description without departing from the scope or spirit of the present invention. Other embodiments derived from the present invention description will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The present invention description and examples are exemplary only.

[0028] The words “include,” “including,” “have,” “contain,” etc. used in this document are open-ended terms, meaning including but not limited to.

[0029] The drought-free (D0) mentioned in the potted plant experiment content below refers to the soil moisture content being controlled at 85±5%; moderate drought (D1) refers to the soil moisture content being controlled at 55±5%, and severe drought (D2) refers to the soil moisture content being controlled at 35±5%. The drought period is the wheat tillering period and lasts for 30 days. After 30 days of treatment, all treatments are restored to normal drought-free moisture management. The compound fertilizer 17-17-17 specifically contains 17%, 17% and 17% of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and their proportions are 17%, 17% and 17% respectively.

[0030] The earthworm castings used in the specific embodiment of the present invention are provided by Zhonggu (Shandong) Horticultural Technology Co., Ltd.

[0031] A pot experiment of improving drought tolerance and yield of wheat variety "Yunmai 114" includes the following steps:

[0032] S1. Soil collection: Surface soil samples (0-20 cm soil layer) were collected using a shovel from farmland in Kunming, Yunnan Province (103.746E, 26.104N), crushed evenly, and dried in a cool place. Finally, the soil was sieved with a 5 mm sieve to obtain mixed soil for potted experiments; the physical and chemical properties of the composite soil are as follows:

[0033] pH 5.69, EC 168.3mS / m, organic matter 21.4g / kg, hydrolyzable nitrogen 96.6mg / kg, available phosphorus 80.37mg / kg, available potassium 344.25mg / kg, available boron 0.92mg / kg, exchangeable magnesium 72.72mg / kg, and chloride ion 7.49mg / kg.

[0034] S2. A potted experiment was conducted in a greenhouse of Yuhua Village Committee, Chenggong District, Kunming City, Yunnan Province. "Yunmai 114" was used as the experimental wheat variety and sown in a plastic pot containing 10 kg of soil. The temperature in the greenhouse was 24±2°C and the relative humidity was 65±5%. Compound fertilizer 17-17-17 was applied in an amount of 0.6 g / kg in the plastic pot. The wheat was allowed to grow normally for 4 weeks. After that, three different degrees of drought stress, namely no drought (D0), moderate drought (D1) and severe drought (D2), were set, and different treatment methods were used for treatment: Comparative Example 1 (T0) had no treatment, i.e., no vermicompost and sodium selenite were used; Comparative Example 2 (T1) used sodium selenite; Comparative Example 3 (T2) used vermicompost; Example 1 (T3) used vermicompost and sodium selenite, and each treatment was repeated 3 times.

[0035] The specific processing methods of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 are as follows:

[0036] Embodiment 1:

[0037] The earthworm castings were mixed into the composite soil of step S1 at an addition amount of 5% w / w. On the 7th day after the drought stress occurred, 5 mg / L sodium selenite was sprayed once on the wheat leaves until water dripped naturally on the leaf surface.

[0038] Comparative Example 1:

[0039] No treatment was done, i.e. no vermicompost and sodium selenite were applied.

[0040] Comparative Example 2:

[0041] No earthworm castings were applied. Only 7 days after the drought stress occurred, 5 mg / L sodium selenite was sprayed on the wheat leaves once until water dripped naturally on the leaf surface.

[0042] Comparative Example 3:

[0043] Only the earthworm castings were mixed into the mixed soil of step S1 at a concentration of 5% w / w.

[0044] S3. Measure plant height, leaf length, leaf width, leaf area and tiller number during the tillering and jointing stages of wheat.

[0045] S4. Fifteen days after spraying sodium selenite, fresh wheat leaves of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 were collected, and physiological indicators of the leaves were measured to evaluate the growth status of the wheat under the treatment conditions.

[0046] S5. After the wheat matures and is harvested, the wheat plants under the four treatments are measured and separated into three parts: ear, stem (including leaves) and root. After drying at 105°C for 72 hours, they are measured using a digital weighing balance, and the dry weight and grain yield of the three parts of each wheat plant are calculated. Subsequently, the Wanshen SC-G automatic seed analysis thousand-grain weight instrument is used to measure the grain shape traits and thousand-grain weight of the wheat grains, and the Botong DA7200 multi-function near-infrared analyzer is used to measure the quality traits of the wheat grains.

[0047] The test results of this potted plant experiment are shown in Tables 1 to 4 and Figure 1 to Figure 3 shown.

[0048] Table 1 Growth indicators of wheat at tillering and jointing stages

[0049]

[0050]

[0051] The results in Table 1 show that the T3 group can significantly improve the plant height, leaf length, leaf width, leaf area and tiller number at the tillering stage and the plant height, leaf length, leaf width and leaf area at the jointing stage of the wheat variety "Yunmai 114" under different degrees of drought stress conditions. Among the four treatments, the T3 group showed the most significant increase in growth parameters of wheat during the tillering stage compared with the T0 group, specifically, plant height increased by 6.02% (D2 treatment), 14.00% (D1 treatment) and 11.83% (D0 treatment), leaf length increased by 7.85% (D2 treatment), 14.22% (D1 treatment) and 9.79% (D0 treatment), leaf width increased by 8.33% (D2 treatment), 22.73% (D1 treatment) and 12.50% (D0 treatment), leaf area increased by 7.89% (D2 treatment), 34.97% (D1 treatment) and 19.14% (D0 treatment), and tiller number increased by 11.94% (D2 treatment), 16.94% (D1 treatment) and 9.35% (D0 treatment). Similarly, at the jointing stage, wheat growth indicators also showed a similar growth trend, among which the treatment effect under moderate drought conditions was the most significant.

[0052] Table 2

[0053]

[0054]

[0055] The results in Table 2 show that the T3 group can significantly improve the dry matter mass of ear, stem and root of wheat variety "Yunmai 114" under different degrees of drought stress, and significantly improve the grain area, perimeter, grain length and grain width, grain width / ratio. The combined application of vermicompost and sodium selenite has the most significant improvement on each trait. Compared with the T0 group, the T3 group increased 34.40%-85.62% (dry matter mass of ear), 32.00%-67.07% (dry matter mass of stem), 30.23%-137.78% (dry matter mass of root), 6.35%-10.11% (grain area), 2.09%-3.81% (perimeter), 1.42%-3.96% (seed length), 5.02%-10.56% (grain width) and 3.73%-11.75% (grain width / ratio) under three drought levels.

[0056] Table 3

[0057]

[0058]

[0059] The results in Table 3 show that the T3 group can significantly improve the yield per plant and per ear of the wheat variety "Yunmai 114" under different degrees of drought stress conditions, and has a positive effect on its effective ears per plant, number of grains per ear, 1000-grain weight, number of fruiting spikelets, ear length and total number of grains per plant. Among the four treatments, the T3 group had the highest increase in wheat yield per plant and per ear under three drought levels compared with the T0 group (21.27%-111.50% and 24.05%-218.42%), especially under severe drought stress conditions, the improvement effect was most significant.

[0060] Table 4

[0061]

[0062]

[0063]

[0064] The results in Table 4 show that the T3 group can significantly improve the grain quality traits of the wheat variety "Yunmai 114" under different degrees of drought stress conditions, including water absorption rate, crude protein content, bulk density, stability time, wet gluten content, formation time, hardness value, sedimentation value and flour yield, among which the grain flour yield improvement range is 2.56% to 6.04%.

[0065] Figure 1 are the physiological indicators of wheat leaves under different treatments, among which (a) is total chlorophyll, (b) is carotenoids and protein, and (c) is relative water content. As can be seen from the figure, the T3 group can significantly increase the total chlorophyll, carotenoids, protein and relative water content of the leaves of the wheat variety "Yunmai 114" under different degrees of drought stress. Among the four treatments, the T3 group showed the highest increase in total chlorophyll, carotenoids, protein and relative water content of wheat leaves under moderate drought stress compared with the control, and under severe drought stress, the T3 treatment also showed a higher increase in total chlorophyll, carotenoids, protein and relative water content of wheat leaves.

[0066] Figure 2 The effects of different treatments on oxidative stress indicators of wheat, where (a) is MDA and protein content, (b) is H2O2 and O2 - , (c) is soluble sugar; Figure 3 The effects of different treatments on the antioxidant enzyme activities of wheat, where (a) is SOD, POD and CAT, and (b) is APX. Figure 2 and Figure 3 The results showed that the T3 treatment could significantly reduce the MDA, H2O2, O2 -, soluble sugar, and promoted the activities of four antioxidant enzymes, SOD, POD, CAT and APX. Among them, the T3 group was significantly higher than the T0 group in terms of MDA, H2O2, O2 - The oxidative stress indicators such as scavenger and progesterone decreased by 46.5%-48.2%, 49.1%-58.9% and 20%-30%, and the activities of antioxidant enzymes SOD, POD, CAT and APX increased by 110.7%-489%, 54.5%-152.7%, 84.2%-220.2% and 26.01%-534.2%, respectively.

[0067] In summary, the experimental results show that drought stress has a negative impact on the growth, biomass, yield and flour yield of wheat. However, among the four treatments, the T3 group can significantly improve the drought tolerance under different degrees of drought stress conditions and promote the growth, biomass, yield and flour yield of wheat. Among the various treatments, among the four treatments, the T3 group showed the best effect in alleviating the negative impact of drought stress on wheat, and has great application prospects in production.

[0068] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referenced to each other.

[0069] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables one skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to one skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but rather to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. An application of earthworm castings and sodium selenite in improving the drought resistance of wheat.

2. An application of earthworm castings and sodium selenite in increasing wheat yield.

3. An application of earthworm castings and sodium selenite in improving the flour yield of wheat grains.

4. An application of earthworm castings and sodium selenite in reducing the level of oxidative stress indicators in wheat.

5. An application of earthworm castings and sodium selenite in increasing the antioxidant enzyme activity of wheat.

6. A method for improving drought tolerance and yield of wheat by combining earthworm castings with sodium selenite, characterized in that the steps include: After applying earthworm castings to the soil, wheat is sown and when drought stress occurs, sodium selenite solution is sprayed.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that The earthworm castings are applied to the soil at a ratio of 4-8% w / w.

8. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that The concentration of the sodium selenite solution is 3-6 mg / L.

9. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that The sodium selenite solution is sprayed in an amount such that water drips naturally from the wheat leaves.

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