Establishment method of rice field ecosystem for green production of rice

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for constructing a rice green production rice field ecosystem, which comprises the following steps of: reasonably applying organic fertilizer, selecting a rice variety which is suitable for local climate conditions, strong in stress resistance, high in yield and excellent in rice quality as a main cultivated variety, arranging ecological ditches around a rice field, planting aquatic plants, and planting the aquatic plants in the ecological ditches. The number of pests is controlled by releasing natural enemy insects, ducks are introduced into the rice field in the rice growth period, and rice growth is promoted. And finally, establishing a disease and pest monitoring and early warning system, regularly detecting the ecological environment of the rice field, and timely taking measures to deal with possible problems. The invention aims to provide a three-in-one green rice production system integrating ecological benefit, ornamental value and economic benefit. By means of the method, use of chemical pesticides and fertilizers can be effectively reduced, the yield and quality of rice are improved, meanwhile, the ecological environment is protected, and sustainable development is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of agriculture, and in particular to a method for constructing a paddy field ecosystem for green rice production. Background Art

[0002] Green agricultural development is an inevitable requirement for implementing the new development concept and promoting agricultural supply-side structural reform. It is also a lasting driving force for achieving cost savings, increasing efficiency and increasing farmers' income. In recent years, my country's grain output has achieved continuous growth, and the comprehensive agricultural production capacity has increased rapidly. At the same time, the production method that over-relies on chemicals such as fertilizers and pesticides has produced obvious negative effects, causing agricultural non-point source pollution to continue to intensify, heavy metal pollution and rice quality to decline, bringing huge challenges to food security and agricultural sustainable development, and causing serious agricultural environmental and agricultural product safety problems.

[0003] As people's awareness of food safety and environmental protection continues to increase, green rice production has become a trend in the development of modern agriculture. On the basis of reducing weight and medicine, integrated rice field breeding models, such as rice-duck, rice-fish, and rice-shrimp breeding models, have become the first choice for improving economic benefits. However, under these symbiotic models, due to imperfect field supporting facilities and irregular breeding, the overall structure of the rice field is destroyed and the rice yield is reduced, which does not reflect the production advantages of rice.

[0004] The existing green control method of rice pests and diseases proposes to use high-efficiency, low-toxic and environmentally friendly biological pesticides for targeted green control at different stages of rice production. However, the composition of the pest and disease control liquid is complex, difficult to prepare, and the number of control times is high, which is not conducive to agricultural production. Therefore, it is particularly important to explore a green production method that can ensure high and stable rice yields while protecting the ecological environment. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for constructing a rice field ecosystem for green rice production. Through the selection of rice varieties, biological control, rice-duck symbiosis and other models, a rice field production environment integrating ecological benefits, ornamental value and economic benefits is constructed to achieve green rice production.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0007] A method for constructing a rice field ecosystem for green rice production comprises the following steps:

[0008] (1) Application of organic fertilizer: After the previous crop is harvested, apply organic fertilizer appropriately to improve soil fertility and soil structure;

[0009] (2) Selection of improved rice varieties: Select rice varieties that are suitable for local climate conditions, have strong stress resistance, high yield, and good rice quality as the main varieties, start sowing in late March, and plant rice seedlings in mid-to-late April;

[0010] (3) Utilization of ecological ditches and ridges: Ecological ditches are set up around rice fields, and aquatic plants are planted. Flowering plants are planted on the edge of the ridges to improve the biodiversity of rice fields. At the same time, the inner ridges of the rice fields are set to be 30 cm wide and 10 to 15 cm higher than the field surface. After the rice turns green, the inner ridges are opened to open multiple gaps in the field for drying the fields;

[0011] (4) Establishment of rice field ecosystem: In early May, the seeds of flowering plants were sown in two rows. At the same time, a clump of vetiver grass was planted every 5 meters on the edge of the field as a plant to attract the Chilo suppressalis. When the eggs of the Chilo suppressalis adults hatched, they would be preyed upon by natural enemy insects, thereby improving the biodiversity of the rice fields.

[0012] (5) Biological control: During the tillering period of rice, place a sex pheromone-based trap per acre in the rice field to catch and kill the adult rice stem borer and rice leaf folder;

[0013] (6) Biological pesticides for pest control: Select one or two biological pesticides in combination for pest control according to the target of control, and apply them during the rice tillering stage and the early heading stage;

[0014] (7) Rice-duck symbiosis for disease prevention and pest control: In early May, rice-ducks are released into the rice fields. The best time to release the ducks is one week after rice seedlings are transplanted, when the rice enters the greening and tillering stage. The ducks are then retrieved when the rice ears enter the milky stage.

[0015] (8) Monitoring and management: Configure intelligent pest monitoring instruments to conduct real-time monitoring of rice fields, establish a pest and disease monitoring and early warning system, regularly inspect the ecological environment of rice fields, and take timely measures to deal with possible problems based on pest monitoring data.

[0016] Furthermore, the main cultivated variety in step (2) is an excellent variety with rice quality reaching national standard grade 2 or above.

[0017] Furthermore, the second-level and above excellent varieties include: Yixiangyou 2115, Chuanyou 6203, Linliangyou Huazhan.

[0018] Furthermore, the ecological ditch in step (3) is a "U"-shaped ring ditch that is wide at the top and narrow at the bottom, with a width of 150 to 200 cm at the top, a narrowness of 80 cm at the bottom, and a depth of 80 to 100 cm.

[0019] Furthermore, the aquatic plants in step (3) include: wild rice stem; and the flowering plants include: sesame.

[0020] Furthermore, the natural enemy insects in step (4) include: ichneumon wasps, ladybugs, and spiders.

[0021] Furthermore, the traps in step (5) are arranged in a chessboard pattern in the field, with the bottom of the trap 20 to 30 cm away from the rice canopy, and the trap filter is replaced once a month.

[0022] Furthermore, the biological pesticides used to control pests in step (6) include:

[0023] Bacillus thuringiensis and spinosad control rice stem borers and planthoppers;

[0024] Jinggangmycin and Jinggang wax bud fungus control sheath blight and rice false smut;

[0025] Bacillus subtilis and kasugamycin are used to control rice blast.

[0026] Furthermore, the rice-duck in step (7) is composed of Mallard ducks and Beijing ducks in a ratio of 3:1, and 10 to 15 rice-ducks are placed per acre of rice field.

[0027] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0028] 1. The present invention aims to integrate the trinity of "ecological benefit + ornamental value + economic benefit" into a green rice production system. Through the present invention, the use of chemical pesticides and fertilizers can be effectively reduced, the rice yield and quality can be improved, the ecological environment can be protected, and sustainable development can be achieved.

[0029] 2. The paddy field ecosystem of the present invention can effectively increase the actual yield of rice, and compared with conventional rice cultivation, it can also significantly reduce the incidence of rice blast and sheath blight.

[0030] 3. The present invention utilizes the ridges to plant vetiver and sesame, establishes a rice field ecosystem, improves the natural control capability of the rice ecosystem, and uses sex attractants and insecticidal lamps to kill pests such as the striped stem borer, rice planthoppers and rice thrips under the monitoring of the insect monitoring system. Taking the striped stem borer, a major rice pest, as a typical control effect, the comprehensive control efficiency of green rice production reaches 86.8% compared with conventional planting. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] The specific embodiments of the present invention can be further described by the following drawings:

[0032] Figure 1 Construct a schematic diagram for the rice field ecosystem;

[0033] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of ecological ditch layout;

[0034] Figure 3 The incidence of rice blast and sheath blight. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0036] A method for constructing a rice field ecosystem for green rice production comprises the following steps:

[0037] (1) Application of organic fertilizer: After the previous crop is harvested, sow alfalfa as green manure. When deep plowing the rice field, break it up and turn it into the field and spread 20kg / mu of oilseed as organic fertilizer to improve soil fertility, soil structure and promote healthy growth of rice.

[0038] (2) Selection of high-quality rice varieties: Select high-quality rice varieties that meet the national standard of Grade 2 or above, such as the main varieties promoted by Sichuan Province, Yixiangyou 2115, Chuanyou 6203, Linliangyou Huazhan, etc. These varieties have strong resistance to stress and good adaptability. They are sown on March 20 and transplanted in mid-to-late April.

[0039] (3) Setting up ecological ditches and inner ridges: A "U"-shaped circular ditch is dug on the inner edge of the ridge near the planting layer. The ditch is wide at the top and narrow at the bottom. The width is 150-200 cm, the narrowness is 80 cm at the bottom, and the depth is 80-100 cm. Aquatic plants, Zizania latifolia, are planted at the four corners of the ditch, which can not only conserve water quality, but also provide a shelter area for rice-duck activities. At the same time, the inner ridge of the rice field is set to be 30 cm wide and 10-15 cm higher than the field surface to prevent soil from falling into the ditch. After the rice turns green, the inner ridge is opened and multiple field gaps are opened to dry the field. (4) Establishment of rice field ecosystem: Compared with soybeans or zinnias, sesame has a longer flowering period and higher economic value. In early May, two weeks after rice transplanting, loosen the soil on the edge of the field and plant sesame seeds on the ridge for two rows of drilling. Sesame is a flowering plant that conserves and protects natural enemy insects such as parasitic wasps and ladybugs. At the same time, a clump of vetiver is planted every 5 meters on the edge of the field as a plant to attract the Chilo suppressalis. The scent provided by vetiver attracts the Chilo suppressalis to lay eggs, and when the eggs hatch, they become prey for natural enemy insects. The green plants planted on the field ridges further improve the ecological environment and enhance the biodiversity of the rice fields.

[0040] (5) Biological control: During the tillering period of rice, place sex pheromone-based traps in the rice fields, one per mu, to catch and kill adult rice stem borers and rice leaf rollers. The traps are arranged in a chessboard pattern in the field, with the bottom of the trap 20 to 30 cm away from the rice canopy. The filter element of the trap is replaced once a month. The size of the rice in the middle of the field is uniform; the sex pheromone devices are uniform.

[0041] (6) Biological pesticides for pest control: Choose one or two biological pesticides for pest control according to the target, such as Bacillus thuringiensis and spinosad for control of stem borers and rice planthoppers; use Jinggangmycin and Jinggang wax bud bacteria for control of sheath blight and rice false smut; use Bacillus subtilis and kasugamycin for control of rice blast. Use the pesticides during the tillering stage and the early heading stage of rice.

[0042] (7) Rice-duck symbiosis for disease prevention and pest control: Piles are driven around the edge of the field with 100 cm high nylon nets, and simple duck sheds are built using the field ridges and ditches. The ducklings hatched in the duck shed can be released into the rice fields in early May. The ratio of Mallard and Beijing duck is 3:1, and 10 to 15 ducks are released per mu of rice field. The best time to release ducks is one week after rice seedlings are transplanted, when the rice enters the greening and tillering stage. The ducks move freely in the fields, feeding on duckweed in the ditches or weeds in the fields, and feed is added in due course. As the rice gradually grows, the ducks also grow up slowly. When the rice ears enter the milky stage, the ducks can be retrieved in time to avoid rice losses.

[0043] (8) Monitoring and management: Configure intelligent pest monitoring instruments to conduct real-time monitoring of rice fields, establish a pest and disease monitoring and early warning system, regularly inspect the ecological environment of rice fields, and take timely measures to deal with possible problems based on pest monitoring data.

[0044] Effectiveness evaluation of the ecosystem construction method of the present invention:

[0045] 1. Rice yield analysis

[0046] The rice variety Yixiangyou 2115 was planted in the green production area, and conventional rice was used as a control. Samples were taken one week before the harvest, and three rice holes were selected to investigate the total number of grains per panicle, calculate the fruit setting rate and thousand-grain weight, and the theoretical yield was determined to be 738.10kg and 753.63kg respectively. On August 15, the entire field was harvested and the actual yield was measured to be 621.5kg and 652.78kg respectively (Table 1).

[0047] Table 1 Rice yield and components in green production areas

[0048]

[0049]

[0050] 2. Disease prevention and control effect

[0051] Rice blast and sheath blight mainly occur naturally in the field. Field surveys are carried out during the waxy stage of rice. According to the five-point sampling method, the number of rice neck blasts and the number of rice sheath blight-affected plants are investigated, and the diseased ear rate of each variety is calculated.

[0052] Incidence rate % = number of diseased plants / total number of plants investigated × 100

[0053] like Figure 3 As shown, the incidence rates of rice blast and sheath blight in green production areas were 6.67% and 16.67%, respectively, which were much lower than those in conventional rice cultivation.

[0054] 3. Pest control effect

[0055] The rice stem borer was used as a typical pest to analyze the effect of green control. The parallel jump sampling method was used to select 10 points in the green control area, and 10 rice clumps were surveyed at each point. The number of white panicles in a total of 100 rice clumps was surveyed, and the dead heart rate and control effect were calculated. The conventional field in the non-control area was used as a control, and the survey was repeated three times.

[0056] Dead heart rate % = number of dead heart plants / total number of plants surveyed × 100;

[0057] Protection effect % = (withered heart rate in control area - withered heart rate in treated area) / withered heart rate in control area × 100.

[0058] Vetiver and sesame were planted on the ridges to establish a rice field ecosystem, improve the natural control capacity of the rice ecosystem, and use sex attractants and insecticidal lamps to kill pests such as the striped stem borer, rice planthoppers and rice thrips under the monitoring of the insect monitoring system. The control effect of the main rice pest, the striped stem borer, is a typical example, as shown in Table 2. Compared with conventional planting, the comprehensive control effect of green rice production reached 86.8%.

[0059] Table 2 Control effect of Chilo suppressalis

[0060]

[0061] 4. Comprehensive breeding and farming benefit calculation

[0062] Economic benefits consist of input and output. Input includes rice planting cost and rice-duck breeding cost, and output includes rice income and rice-duck income. All costs and incomes are calculated based on the local market price of the year. Conventional rice-growing areas are used as a control.

[0063] According to the results in Table 3, the green production can save 71.88% of costs by adopting the ecological construction method of the present invention. Through the combination of planting and breeding, the pests and weeds in the rice field are significantly reduced, and the use of fertilizers and pesticides is reduced in the production process, which not only reduces the production cost, but also significantly improves the quality and safety of the product, with very obvious economic and ecological benefits.

[0064] Table 3 Comprehensive benefit analysis (unit: yuan / mu)

[0065]

[0066] Note: The rice benefit is calculated based on the purchase price of medium and late indica rice of 2.58 yuan / kg; the duck weight is calculated as 2.5kg / duck, the selling price is 20 yuan / kg, and the duck benefit is calculated at 15 ducks / mu.

[0067] In summary: the ecological construction method provided by the present invention mainly utilizes rice field ridges to construct a natural field ecosystem, combines the integrated rice-duck farming model to improve the field microenvironment, inhibits or delays the occurrence and spread of rice blast and sheath blight to a certain extent, and reduces the occurrence of rice borers. It can effectively reduce the application of fertilizers and pesticides, significantly improve the rice yield stability and economic benefits of the integrated rice field farming model in the region (664.30 yuan / mu), and effectively reduce the input cost of pesticides and fertilizers (115 yuan / mu), thereby creating a good ecological environment and high-quality agricultural products.

[0068] The above description is only a preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can make equivalent replacements or changes according to the technical scheme and inventive concept of the present invention within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for constructing a rice field ecosystem for green rice production, comprising: (1) Application of organic fertilizer: After the previous crop is harvested, apply organic fertilizer appropriately to improve soil fertility and soil structure; (2) Selection of improved rice varieties: Select rice varieties that are suitable for local climate conditions, have strong stress resistance, high yield, and good rice quality as the main varieties, start sowing in late March, and plant rice seedlings in mid-to-late April; (3) Utilization of ecological ditches and ridges: Ecological ditches are set up around rice fields, and aquatic plants are planted. Flowering plants are planted on the edge of the ridges to improve the biodiversity of rice fields. At the same time, the inner ridges of the rice fields are set to be 30 cm wide and 10 to 15 cm higher than the field surface. After the rice turns green, the inner ridges are opened to open multiple gaps in the field for drying the fields; (4) Establishment of rice field ecosystem: In early May, the seeds of flowering plants were sown in two rows. At the same time, a clump of vetiver grass was planted every 5 meters on the edge of the field as a plant to attract the Chilo suppressalis. When the eggs of the Chilo suppressalis adults hatched, they would be preyed upon by natural enemy insects, thereby improving the biodiversity of the rice fields. (5) Biological control: During the tillering period of rice, place a sex pheromone-based trap per acre in the rice field to catch and kill the adult rice stem borer and rice leaf folder; (6) Biological pesticides for pest control: Select one or two biological pesticides in combination for pest control according to the target of control, and apply them during the rice tillering stage and the early heading stage; (7) Rice-duck symbiosis for disease prevention and pest control: In early May, rice-ducks are released into the rice fields. The best time to release the ducks is one week after rice seedlings are transplanted, when the rice enters the greening and tillering stage. The ducks are then retrieved when the rice ears enter the milky stage. (8) Monitoring and management: Configure intelligent pest monitoring instruments to conduct real-time monitoring of rice fields, establish a pest and disease monitoring and early warning system, regularly inspect the ecological environment of rice fields, and take timely measures to deal with possible problems based on pest monitoring data.

2. The construction method according to claim 1, wherein: The main cultivated varieties in step (2) are excellent varieties with rice quality reaching national standard grade 2 or above.

3. The construction method according to claim 2, wherein: The second-level and above excellent varieties include: Yixiangyou 2115, Chuanyou 6203, Linliangyou Huazhan.

4. The construction method according to claim 1, wherein: The ecological ditch in step (3) is a "U"-shaped ring ditch that is wide at the top and narrow at the bottom, with a width of 150 to 200 cm at the top, a narrowness of 80 cm at the bottom, and a depth of 80 to 100 cm.

5. The construction method according to claim 1, wherein: The aquatic plants in step (3) include: wild rice stem; The flowering plants include sesame.

6. The construction method according to claim 1, wherein: The natural enemy insects in step (4) include: ichneumon wasps, ladybugs, and spiders.

7. The construction method according to claim 1, wherein: The traps in step (5) are arranged in a chessboard pattern in the field, with the bottom of the trap 20 to 30 cm away from the rice canopy, and the trap filter is replaced once a month.

8. The construction method according to claim 1, wherein: The biological pesticides used in step (6) for controlling pests include: Bacillus thuringiensis and spinosad control rice stem borers and planthoppers; Jinggangmycin and Jinggang wax bud fungus are used to control sheath blight and rice false smut; Bacillus subtilis and kasugamycin are used to control rice blast.

9. The construction method according to claim 1, wherein: The rice-duck breeding method in step (7) is composed of Mallard ducks and Beijing ducks in a ratio of 3:1, and 10 to 15 rice-duck breeding ducks are placed per mu of rice field.

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