Feed capable of replacing corn and preparation method of feed
The preparation of feed through the combined fermentation of giant fungus grass and edible fungus residues has solved the problems of heavy metal enrichment and crop consumption caused by traditional corn feed, and achieved efficient utilization of resources and effective reduction of heavy metals.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411743733.4
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-11-30
- Publication Date
- 2025-02-11
- Estimated Expiration
- Not applicable · inactive patent
AI Technical Summary
The consumption of traditional corn feed leads to heavy metal enrichment, which is harmful to human health and consumes a lot of crops. Substitutes need to be found to reduce resource waste.
Feed is prepared by the combined fermentation of megacia grass and edible fungus residue, pretreated with a mixture of water, ethanol and acetic acid, combined with aerobic ferrous thiobacterium ferrous oxide and thiobacterium thiobacterium , and finally laccase, lactic acid bacteria, Lactobacillus plantarum and yeast are subjected to anaerobic fermentation to prepare feed with low heavy metal content.
Effective replacement of corn feed reduces crop consumption and reduces the enrichment of heavy metals in livestock, thereby reducing the harm to human health and improving the efficiency of resource utilization.
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Figure CN119404944A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of feed production, in particular to a feed replacing corn and a production method thereof. Background Art
[0002] Feed is a general term for food for animals raised by all people. In a narrower sense, feed mainly refers to food for animals raised in agriculture or animal husbandry.
[0003] The main raw materials of modern feed include soybeans, soybean meal, corn, grains, and other varieties of feed raw materials. Most of the above feed raw materials are crops, and the consumption of crops as feed is very large. Therefore, new raw materials have emerged that can replace crops as feed raw materials and have sufficiently large yields and can meet the nutritional needs of livestock.
[0004] Giant fungus grass and edible fungus residue can be used to replace traditional crops as feed raw materials. The output of giant fungus grass and edible fungus residue is very huge, and they have nutrition that can meet the needs of livestock. However, there are problems with the above feed raw material liquid. For example, although giant fungus grass has a large output, it is easy to enrich heavy metals in the soil as a plant that improves soil composition. These heavy metals enter the livestock body with the feed and eventually accumulate in the human body, causing damage to human health. To this end, in response to the problems raised in the above background technology, the technicians in this field proposed a feed prepared by fermenting edible fungus residue and giant fungus grass, and the feed has a low heavy metal content. Summary of the invention
[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide a feed substitute for corn and a preparation method thereof, so as to solve the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology.
[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
[0007] A method for preparing corn feed substitute comprises the following steps:
[0008] S1. Put the pretreated giant fungus grass into a mixed solution of water, ethanol and acetic acid, heat and stir at a constant temperature for 8-20 hours, and filter after heating and stirring to obtain a primary filtrate and a primary filter residue respectively;
[0009] S2, stirring and mixing the primary filtrate obtained in step S1 with the pretreated edible fungus residue for 2-5 hours and then filtering to obtain a secondary filtrate and a secondary filter residue;
[0010] S3, mixing the secondary filter residue obtained in step S2 with water to obtain a mixture, adding Thiobacillus ferrooxidans and Thiobacillus thiooxidans to the mixture and aerobically fermenting it at 25-35° C. for 3-8 days, and after fermentation, centrifuging and filtering it multiple times with sufficient water and removing the filtrate to obtain a tertiary filter residue;
[0011] S4, mixing the tertiary filter residue obtained in step S3, the primary filter residue obtained in step S1 and the secondary filtrate obtained in step S2, and adding laccase, lactic acid bacteria, plant lactobacillus and yeast for anaerobic fermentation, the fermentation time is 14-25 days, and the finished feed product is obtained after the fermentation is completed.
[0012] Furthermore, the heating temperature in step S1 is 40-55°C, the mass ratio of acetic acid, water and ethanol is 1:(8-12):(10-15), and the ratio of the mass of pretreated giant fungus grass to the sum of the masses of acetic acid, water and ethanol is 1:2.
[0013] Furthermore, the mass ratio between the pre-treated edible fungus residue in step S2 and the pre-treated giant fungus grass in step S1 is 1:(2-4).
[0014] Furthermore, the mass ratio of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, Thiobacillus thiooxidans, and water in step S3 to the pretreated edible fungus residue in step S2 is 1:(1-2):(400-900):(300-600).
[0015] Furthermore, the mass ratio of laccase, lactic acid bacteria, Lactobacillus plantarum and yeast in step S4 to the pretreated giant fungus grass in step S1 is 1:(0.5-4):(2-3):(5-10):(500-1000).
[0016] Furthermore, the preparation of the pretreated giant fungus grass is achieved by the following method:
[0017] After the harvested giant fungus grass is cleaned, the giant fungus grass is cut into 1-2 cm filaments by a cutting machine, and the cut giant fungus grass is dried to obtain pre-treated giant fungus grass.
[0018] Furthermore, the preparation of the pretreated edible fungus residue is achieved by the following method:
[0019] S101, putting the edible fungus residue into a grinder for crushing, and passing the crushed edible fungus residue through a 50-mesh drying net;
[0020] S102, soaking the edible fungus residue sieved in step S101 in a mixed solution of 0.1 mol / L sodium hydroxide and 1 mol / L sodium bicarbonate for 0.5-1 h, heating at a constant temperature during the soaking process;
[0021] S103, filtering the mixed solution in step S102, removing the filtrate, washing the filtered product with water until the pH is neutral, and then putting the filtered product into a hot air oven for drying at a drying temperature of 65° C. After drying, the pretreated edible fungus residue is obtained.
[0022] Furthermore, the heating temperature in step S102 is 50-60° C., and the mass ratio between the sieved edible fungus residue and the mixed solution of sodium hydroxide and sodium bicarbonate is 1:4.
[0023] A corn substitute feed is prepared by the method for preparing the corn substitute feed.
[0024] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
[0025] The present invention prepares feed through the combined fermentation of edible fungus residue and giant fungus grass. The prepared feed can effectively replace corn feed, reducing the consumption of crops. The output of giant fungus grass and edible fungus residue is very large, playing a very good substitution role, so that resources can be better utilized. In addition, the feed prepared by the present invention can effectively reduce the enrichment of heavy metals in livestock, thereby reducing the heavy metals from entering the human body through the food chain and causing greater harm to the human body. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0026] Figure 1 The present invention is a process flow chart of the method for replacing corn feed production;
[0027] Figure 2 The present invention is a process flow chart of the method for preparing pre-treated edible fungus residue. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0028] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0029] See also Figure 1 to Figure 2 , the present invention provides a technical solution:
[0030] The present invention prepares feed by fermenting giant fungus grass and edible fungus residues, which is used for traditional crops such as corn, and the production cost is reduced. At the same time, it has a good feeding effect on livestock. The giant fungus grass and edible fungus residues used are pretreated. The specific operation method is as follows:
[0031] Preparation of pre-treated giant grass:
[0032] After the harvested giant fungus grass is cleaned, the giant fungus grass is cut into 1-2 cm filaments by a cutting machine, and the cut giant fungus grass is dried to obtain pre-treated giant fungus grass. Specifically, the amount of pre-treated giant fungus grass used according to the present invention is that the total weight of the harvested giant fungus grass is 5000 kg;
[0033] The pretreatment of giant fungus grass is mainly to clean the giant fungus grass and cut it into sections for subsequent fermentation. After the giant fungus grass is dried, it is convenient for the combined extraction of alcohol acid solution in the step and the precipitation of heavy metals.
[0034] Preparation of pre-treated edible fungus residue:
[0035] S101, putting 2500 kg of edible fungus residue into a grinder and crushing the crushed edible fungus residue through a 50-mesh drying net;
[0036] S102, soaking the edible fungus residue sieved in step S101 in a mixed solution of 0.1 mol / L sodium hydroxide and 1 mol / L sodium bicarbonate for 0.5-1 h, heating at a constant temperature during the soaking process;
[0037] S103, filtering the mixed solution in step S102, removing the filtrate, washing the filtered product with water until the pH is neutral, and then putting the filtered product into a hot air oven for drying at a drying temperature of 65° C. to obtain the pretreated edible fungus residue after drying;
[0038] The pretreatment of mushroom residue includes crushing, alkali treatment and hot air drying, which is convenient for reducing the particle size of mushroom residue and achieving expansion, amplifying the high porosity and multiple active sites of mushroom residue itself, and can quickly complete the absorption of heavy metals in the filtrate;
[0039] The overall fermentation of feed includes the following four steps:
[0040] S1, putting the pretreated giant fungus grass into a mixed solution of water, ethanol and acetic acid, heating and stirring at a constant temperature for 8-20 hours, and filtering after heating and stirring to obtain a primary filtrate and a primary filter residue, respectively. In step S1, the heavy metals in the giant fungus grass are extracted by the mixed solution;
[0041] S2, the primary filtrate obtained in step S1 and the pretreated edible fungus residue are stirred and mixed for 2-5 hours and then filtered to obtain a secondary filtrate and a secondary filter residue, the heavy metals contained in the primary filtrate are quickly combined with the edible fungus residue with multiple pores and multiple active sites, and the primary filtrate with the heavy metals removed becomes a secondary filtrate;
[0042] S3, mixing the secondary filter residue obtained in step S2 with water to obtain a mixture, adding Thiobacillus ferrooxidans and Thiobacillus thiooxidans to the mixture and aerobically fermenting it at 25-35° C. for 3-8 days, and after fermentation, centrifuging and filtering it with sufficient water for multiple times and removing the filtrate to obtain a tertiary filter residue. In this step, the combined action of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans and Thiobacillus thiooxidans is used to complete the adsorption and passivation of heavy metals, wherein the high porosity of the edible fungus residue is also convenient for becoming an enrichment carrier of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans and Thiobacillus thiooxidans, thereby accelerating the treatment speed of heavy metals, and finally separating the treated edible fungus residue by centrifugation;
[0043] S4, mixing the tertiary filter residue obtained in step S3 with the primary filter residue obtained in step S1 and the secondary filtrate obtained in step S2, and adding laccase, lactic acid bacteria, Lactobacillus plantarum and yeast for anaerobic fermentation, the fermentation time is 14-25 days, and the finished feed product is obtained after the fermentation is completed. In this step, laccase, lactic acid bacteria, Lactobacillus plantarum and yeast are used to jointly ferment the edible fungus residue and giant fungus grass. In addition, a primary filtrate is added, and the primary filtrate is obtained by extracting the giant fungus grass. In the extraction process of the giant fungus grass, not only heavy metals are precipitated, but also polysaccharides, inorganic salts and small molecule peptides are precipitated in large quantities. The combined fermentation effectively improves the utilization efficiency of raw materials;
[0044] Specifically, the present invention prepares feed through the following four embodiments:
[0045] Example 1
[0046] A method for preparing corn feed substitute comprises the following steps:
[0047] S1, put 420kg of pretreated giant fungus grass into a mixed solution of 385kg of water, 420kg of ethanol and 35kg of acetic acid, heat to 45°C and stir continuously for 18h, and filter after heating and stirring to obtain a primary filtrate and a primary filter residue respectively;
[0048] S2, stirring and mixing the primary filtrate obtained in step S1 with 140 kg of pretreated edible fungus residue for 4.5 hours and then filtering to obtain a secondary filtrate and secondary filter residue;
[0049] S3, mixing the secondary filter residue obtained in step S2 with 210 kg of water to obtain a mixture, adding 0.35 kg of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans and 0.42 kg of Thiobacillus thiooxidans to the mixture and aerobically fermenting it at 32 ° C for 5 days, and after fermentation, centrifuging and filtering it several times with sufficient water and removing the filtrate to obtain a tertiary filter residue;
[0050] S4, mixing the tertiary filter residue obtained in step S3, the primary filter residue obtained in step S1 and the secondary filtrate obtained in step S2, and adding 0.53kg laccase, 1.32kg lactic acid bacteria, 1.12kg plant lactobacillus and 4.21kg yeast for anaerobic fermentation for 22 days to obtain a finished feed product after the fermentation is completed.
[0051] Example 2
[0052] A method for preparing corn feed substitute comprises the following steps:
[0053] S1, put 420kg of pretreated giant fungus grass into a mixed solution of 176.8kg of water, 221kg of ethanol and 22.1kg of acetic acid, heat to 40°C and stir continuously for 8h, and filter after heating and stirring to obtain a primary filtrate and a primary residue respectively;
[0054] S2, stirring and mixing the primary filtrate obtained in step S1 with 210 kg of pretreated edible fungus residue for 2 hours and then filtering to obtain a secondary filtrate and secondary filter residue;
[0055] S3, mixing the secondary filter residue obtained in step S2 with 280 kg of water to obtain a mixture, adding 0.7 kg of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans and 0.7 kg of Thiobacillus thiooxidans to the mixture and aerobically fermenting it at 25 ° C for 3 days, and after fermentation, centrifuging and filtering it several times with sufficient water and removing the filtrate to obtain a tertiary filter residue;
[0056] S4, mixing the tertiary filter residue obtained in step S3, the primary filter residue obtained in step S1 and the secondary filtrate obtained in step S2, and adding 0.84kg laccase, 0.42kg lactic acid bacteria, 1.68kg plant lactobacillus and 4.2kg yeast for anaerobic fermentation for 14d, and obtaining a finished feed product after the fermentation is completed.
[0057] Example 3
[0058] A method for preparing corn feed substitute comprises the following steps:
[0059] S1, put 420kg of pretreated giant fungus grass into a mixed solution of 180kg of water, 225kg of ethanol and 15kg of acetic acid, heat to 55°C and stir continuously for 20h, and filter after heating and stirring to obtain a primary filtrate and a primary filter residue respectively;
[0060] S2, stirring and mixing the primary filtrate obtained in step S1 with 105 kg of pretreated edible fungus residue for 5 hours and then filtering to obtain a secondary filtrate and secondary filter residue;
[0061] S3, mixing the secondary filter residue obtained in step S2 with 157.5 kg of water to obtain a mixture, adding 0.175 kg of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans and 0.35 kg of Thiobacillus thiooxidans to the mixture and aerobically fermenting at 35 ° C for 8 days, and after fermentation, centrifuging and filtering with sufficient water for multiple times and removing the filtrate to obtain a tertiary filter residue;
[0062] S4, mixing the tertiary filter residue obtained in step S3, the primary filter residue obtained in step S1 and the secondary filtrate obtained in step S2, and adding 0.42kg laccase, 1.68kg lactic acid bacteria, 1.26kg plant lactobacillus and 4.2kg yeast for anaerobic fermentation for 25 days to obtain a finished feed product after the fermentation is completed.
[0063] Example 4
[0064] A method for preparing corn feed substitute comprises the following steps:
[0065] S1, put 420kg of pretreated giant fungus grass into a mixed solution of 157.5kg of water, 245kg of ethanol and 17.5kg of acetic acid, heat to 50°C and stir continuously for 16h, and filter after heating and stirring to obtain a primary filtrate and a primary filter residue respectively;
[0066] S2, stirring and mixing the primary filtrate obtained in step S1 with 180 kg of pretreated edible fungus residue for 3.5 hours and then filtering to obtain a secondary filtrate and secondary filter residue;
[0067] S3, mixing the secondary filter residue obtained in step S2 with 320 kg of water to obtain a mixture, adding 0.4 kg of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans and 0.7 kg of Thiobacillus thiooxidans to the mixture and aerobically fermenting it at 35 ° C for 7 days, and after fermentation, centrifuging and filtering it several times with sufficient water and removing the filtrate to obtain a tertiary filter residue;
[0068] S4, mixing the tertiary filter residue obtained in step S3, the primary filter residue obtained in step S1 and the secondary filtrate obtained in step S2, and adding 0.48kg laccase, 1.45kg lactic acid bacteria, 1.2kg plant lactobacillus and 3.36kg yeast for anaerobic fermentation for 21d, and obtaining a finished feed product after the fermentation is completed.
[0069] Comparative Example
[0070] The difference between Comparative Example 1 and Example 1 is that step S2 and step S3 are directly eliminated, and the remaining steps are exactly the same as those in Example 1.
[0071] The feeds prepared in Examples 1-4 and Comparative Example 1 were tested for heavy metal content, wherein the arsenic test standard was in accordance with GB / T 13079-2006, the mercury test standard was in accordance with GB / T 13081-2006, and the lead test standard was in accordance with GB / T13080-2004. The test results are shown in Table 1 below:
[0072] Table 1: Heavy metal content of feeds prepared in Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples
[0073] Arsenic (mg / kg) Mercury (mg / kg) Lead (mg / kg) Example 1 0.18 0.48 1.54 Example 2 0.24 0.42 1.38 Example 3 0.31 0.59 1.51 Example 4 0.22 0.37 1.69 Comparative Example 1.05 1.71 3.07
[0074] It can be seen from the data of Example 1 and the comparative example in Table 1 above that the feed prepared by the present invention can effectively reduce the content of heavy metals, avoid the accumulation of heavy metals in the human body through animals, and reduce the health hazards of the human body;
[0075] 25 beef cattle were selected, each with an average weight of about 150 kg. The 25 beef cattle were evenly divided into 5 groups, each group of beef cattle contained 5 cattle. The 5 groups of beef cattle were fed with the feed prepared in Examples 1-4 and ordinary corn feed (corn protein feed produced by Fengyuan), respectively. The average weight of each group of beef cattle was measured before feeding. The feeding time was 28 days, and the feeding was 3 times a day. The weight of each feeding was exactly the same. After 28 days, the weight of each group of beef cattle was measured. The test results are shown in Table 2 below:
[0076] Table 2: Weight changes of beef cattle fed with Examples 1-4 and ordinary corn feed for 28 days
[0077] Average body weight before feeding (kg) Average body weight after 28 days of feeding (kg) Weight gain (kg) Example 1 148.6 180.4 31.8 Example 2 156.4 189.7 33.3 Example 3 144.1 178.6 34.5 Example 4 152.8 189.6 36.8 Corn feed 147.3 181.2 33.9
[0078] It can be seen from Table 2 above that after feeding beef cattle for 28 days, the feeds prepared by the four embodiments of the present invention gained weight of 31.8, 33.3, 34.5 and 36.8 kg respectively, with an average weight gain of 34.1 kg, which is comparable to the weight gain of 33.9 kg of ordinary corn feed, proving that the feed prepared by the present invention, which is fermented with giant fungus grass and edible fungus residue, can be a good substitute for corn feed.
[0079] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims
1. A method for preparing a feed substitute for corn, characterized in that: The steps include: S1. Put the pretreated giant fungus grass into a mixed solution of water, ethanol and acetic acid, heat and stir at a constant temperature for 8-20 hours, and filter after heating and stirring to obtain a primary filtrate and a primary filter residue respectively; S2, stirring and mixing the primary filtrate obtained in step S1 with the pretreated edible fungus residue for 2-5 hours and then filtering to obtain a secondary filtrate and a secondary filter residue; S3, mixing the secondary filter residue obtained in step S2 with water to obtain a mixture, adding Thiobacillus ferrooxidans and Thiobacillus thiooxidans to the mixture and aerobically fermenting it at 25-35° C. for 3-8 days, and after fermentation, centrifuging and filtering it multiple times with sufficient water and removing the filtrate to obtain a tertiary filter residue; S4, mixing the tertiary filter residue obtained in step S3, the primary filter residue obtained in step S1 and the secondary filtrate obtained in step S2, and adding laccase, lactic acid bacteria, plant lactobacillus and yeast for anaerobic fermentation, the fermentation time is 14-25 days, and the finished feed product is obtained after the fermentation is completed.
2. The method for preparing a corn-substitute feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heating temperature in step S1 is 40-55°C, the mass ratio of acetic acid, water and ethanol is 1:(8-12):(10-15), and the ratio of the mass of pretreated giant fungus grass to the sum of the masses of acetic acid, water and ethanol is 1:
2.
3. The method for preparing a corn-substitute feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass ratio between the pre-treated edible fungus residue in step S2 and the pre-treated giant fungus grass in step S1 is 1:(2-4).
4. The method for preparing a corn-substitute feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass ratio of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, Thiobacillus thiooxidans, and water in step S3 to the pretreated edible fungus residue in step S2 is 1:(1-2):(400-900):(300-600).
5. The method for preparing a corn-substitute feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass ratio of laccase, lactic acid bacteria, Lactobacillus plantarum and yeast in step S4 to the pretreated giant fungus grass in step S1 is 1:(0.5-4):(2-3):(5-10):(500-1000).
6. The method for preparing a corn-substitute feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation of the pretreated giant fungus grass is achieved by the following method: After the harvested giant fungus grass is cleaned, the giant fungus grass is cut into 1-2 cm filaments by a cutter, and the cut giant fungus grass is dried to obtain pre-treated giant fungus grass.
7. The method for preparing a corn-substitute feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation of the pretreated edible fungus residue is achieved by the following method: S101, putting the edible fungus residue into a grinder for crushing, and passing the crushed edible fungus residue through a 50-mesh drying net; S102, soaking the edible fungus residue sieved in step S101 in a mixed solution of 0.1 mol / L sodium hydroxide and 1 mol / L sodium bicarbonate for 0.5-1 h, heating at a constant temperature during the soaking process; S103, filtering the mixed solution in step S102, removing the filtrate, washing the filtered product with water until the pH is neutral, and then putting the filtered product into a hot air oven for drying at a drying temperature of 65° C. After drying, the pretreated edible fungus residue is obtained.
8. The method for preparing a corn-substitute feed according to claim 7, characterized in that: The heating temperature in step S102 is 50-60° C., and the mass ratio of the sieved edible fungus residue to the mixed solution of sodium hydroxide and sodium bicarbonate is 1:
4.
9. A corn feed substitute, characterized in that: The corn feed substitute is prepared by the method for preparing the corn feed substitute according to any one of claims 1 to 8.