The invention provides a constant wind temperature control system for a hot blast stove, comprising the hot blast stove (2), a detection element, a regulating valve, a data acquisition unit (1) and a computer (26). The control method of the control system comprises the following processes: detection of fluid parameters and valve location signals, data acquisition, data transmission, data comparison and data correction and control adjustment, wherein the detection element and the regulating valve are arranged in a pipeline, and temperature measuring equipment is arranged on the surface of a stove body. Specific steps are as follows: dynamically calculating parameters such as the heat storage capacity of checker bricks, temperature-rise ratio, theoretical wind temperature and the like during the combustion process, and carrying out on-line adjustment of parameters such as combustion air and gas flow, preheating temperature and the like; controlling direction change of the hot blast stove by the highest setting temperature of the checker bricks, a stove top and fume; and during the air supply period, taking hot blast temperature control as a target to determine an air supply curve and air supply time. The method based on calculation of dynamic balance of on-line energy of the hot blast stove effectively controls the heat storage capacity of the checker bricks of the hot blast stove, adjusts air supply quantity and air supply time, and ensures stable output of wind temperature of the hot blast stove.