The invention discloses a DNA (Desoxyribonucleic Acid) specimen collection and quality control method for fetus chromosome aneuploid detection. The method comprises the following steps: I, performingspecimen collection, namely collecting 5.0mL of peripheral blood of a pregnant woman by using a blood collection tube I, and after collection is completed, slightly inverting the blood collection tube, placing the blood collection tube in a refrigerator in time, collecting 10.0mL of peripheral blood of the pregnant woman by using a blood collection tube II, after collection is completed, slightlyinverting the blood collection tube, and preserving at a normal temperature; II, pre-cooling a low speed centrifuge, putting into the blood collection tube II, centrifuging for minutes, sucking supernate blood plasma, transferring into an EP (Eppendorf) tube on an ice box, and marking with corresponding sample numbers; III, pre-cooling a high speed centrifuge till a temperature is stabilized, putting into the EP tube, centrifuging, sucking the supernate blood plasma on the ice box with a gun head pointing to non-leukocyte precipitation part, sub-packaging into the EP tube on the ice box, transferring into the blood plasma, marking sample numbers and blood plasma tube numbers, and preserving in the refrigerator; IV, performing quality control and treatment on the sample preserved in the step III. The method is definite in standard, good in practice operation effect and efficient and rigorous.