Raw fish feed additive capable of replacing antibiotics and preparation method of raw fish feed additive

Abstract

The invention relates to a raw fish feed additive replacing antibiotics and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of feed additives. The preparation method comprises the following steps: creatively taking mangnolia officinalis, eucommia ulmoides, astragalus membranaceus and gynostemma pentaphylla as main active ingredients to form a Chinese herbal medicine mixture, and then sequentially adding cellulase and papain into pomace consisting of olive pomace, citrus pomace and apple pomace to carry out enzymolysis treatment so as to prepare enzymolysis pomace; the method comprises the following steps: taking onion as a food calling and conditioning component of a Chinese herbal medicine mixture, then extracting onion by using deionized water, subsequently performing operations such as filtration and vacuum freeze drying to prepare an onion extract, and sequentially mixing, extruding, granulating and drying the onion extract, the Chinese herbal medicine mixture, an adhesive and the deionized water to obtain the raw fish feed additive for replacing antibiotics. The immunity of the raw fish can be effectively enhanced, the morbidity rate of the raw fish is reduced, and the market application prospect is very good.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of feed additives, and in particular relates to a raw fish feed additive replacing antibiotics and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] In aquaculture, raw fish, as an important economic fish, grows relatively fast. Under suitable breeding conditions, it can reach the market specifications in a short time. At the same time, its meat is delicious and nutritious. The muscle contains a large amount of nutrients such as protein and unsaturated fatty acids. It is a high-quality aquatic product loved by consumers. However, with the continuous expansion of the scale of raw fish breeding and the continuous increase in breeding density, the corresponding risk of disease transmission and the incidence of raw fish have also increased significantly. For this reason, many merchants will feed antibiotics during the breeding process of raw fish, which leads to a very serious problem of antibiotic abuse. In order to solve this phenomenon, many existing technologies have developed various feed additives to replace antibiotics to ensure the health of raw fish. However, these feed additives still have certain disadvantages that limit their actual application effect. This is because most of these feed additives are based on Chinese herbal medicines as the main ingredients. Although a large number of studies have shown that Chinese herbal medicines have a positive effect in enhancing immunity and resisting diseases, the palatability of Chinese herbal medicines is very poor, often with bitterness and astringency, which is not conducive to the intake of raw fish. Ultimately, these feed additives are not significant in reducing the incidence of raw fish. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a raw fish feed additive that can replace antibiotics and a preparation method thereof. The present invention creatively uses Magnolia officinalis, Eucommia ulmoides, Astragalus membranaceus and Gynostemma pentaphyllum as main active ingredients to form a Chinese herbal medicine mixture, and then adds cellulase and papain to the pomace composed of olive pomace, citrus pomace and apple pomace for enzymatic hydrolysis, thereby preparing enzymatic pomace, which serves as an appetizing and conditioning component of the Chinese herbal medicine mixture, and then uses deionized water to extract onions, and then prepares onion extract after filtering, vacuum freeze drying and other operations, so that the three of them are mixed with a binder and deionized water, extruded granulated and dried in turn to obtain a raw fish feed additive that can replace antibiotics, which can effectively enhance the immunity of raw fish and reduce the morbidity of raw fish, and has very good market application prospects.

[0004] The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0005] A raw fish feed additive for replacing antibiotics is prepared from 80 parts by weight of a Chinese herbal medicine mixture, 8-10 parts by weight of an onion extract, 15-20 parts by weight of enzymatically hydrolyzed pomace, 8-10 parts by weight of a binder and 20 parts by weight of deionized water.

[0006] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the Chinese herbal medicine mixture is prepared by the following steps:

[0007] Step X: Mix Magnolia officinalis, Eucommia ulmoides, Astragalus membranaceus and Gynostemma pentaphyllum in a mass ratio of 1:0.5-1:2:0.8-1.5, crush and sieve, and the preparation is completed.

[0008] Furthermore, the sieving in step X refers to sieving through a 20-40 mesh sieve.

[0009] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the onion extract is prepared by the following steps:

[0010] Step Y: Crush 10 parts by weight of onion, then add 30-40 parts by weight of deionized water, then stir and extract at 90-95° C. for 20-40 minutes, filter, remove the filter residue, and finally freeze-dry at -10-15° C. in vacuum until constant weight, and crush to complete the preparation.

[0011] Furthermore, the crushing in step Y refers to crushing to a particle size of 1-2 mm.

[0012] Furthermore, the crushing in step Y refers to crushing to a particle size of 0.5 mm.

[0013] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the enzymatically hydrolyzed pomace is prepared by the following steps:

[0014] Step Z: adding 7-8 parts by weight of pomace and 0.3-0.5 parts by weight of cellulase to 100 parts by weight of disodium hydrogen phosphate-citric acid buffer with a pH of 4.5-6, and then performing enzymolysis at 40-50° C. for 10-15 minutes, then adding 0.2-0.3 parts by weight of papain, and continuing enzymolysis for 20-30 minutes, and finally inactivating the enzyme at 90-95° C. for 10 minutes, and vacuum freeze-drying at minus 10-15° C. to constant weight, crushing, and sieving to complete the preparation.

[0015] Furthermore, the pomace in step Z includes olive pomace, citrus pomace and apple pomace; the mass ratio of the olive pomace, the citrus pomace and the apple pomace is 1:1-2:0.5-1.

[0016] Furthermore, the sieving in step Z refers to sieving through a 20-40 mesh sieve.

[0017] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the adhesive is gelatin.

[0018] A method for preparing a raw fish feed additive that replaces antibiotics, the preparation method comprising the following steps:

[0019] (1) mixing the Chinese herbal medicine mixture, onion extract, enzymatic pomace, binder and deionized water at 45-50° C. for 10-15 minutes to obtain a soft material;

[0020] (2) The soft material is extruded through a sieve with a pore size of 2 mm to form granules, and then dried at 40° C. for 30-40 minutes. The preparation is completed.

[0021] A method for using a raw fish feed additive that replaces antibiotics, the method comprising the following steps:

[0022] Mix the raw fish feed additive and raw fish feed in a mass ratio of 2-3:98-100, and feed the mixture.

[0023] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0024] (1) The present invention creatively uses Magnolia officinalis, Eucommia ulmoides, Astragalus membranaceus and Gynostemma pentaphyllum as main active ingredients to form a Chinese herbal medicine mixture, and then adds cellulase and papain to olive pomace, citrus pomace and apple pomace for enzymatic hydrolysis, thereby preparing enzymatic pomace, which serves as an appetizing and conditioning component of the Chinese herbal medicine mixture. Then, onion is extracted with deionized water, and then filtered, vacuum freeze-dried and other operations are performed to prepare onion extract. The three ingredients are mixed with a binder and deionized water, extruded into granules and dried in turn to obtain a raw fish feed additive that replaces antibiotics, which can effectively enhance the immunity of raw fish and reduce the morbidity of raw fish, and has a very good market application prospect.

[0025] (2) The present invention creatively uses Magnolia officinalis, Eucommia ulmoides, Astragalus membranaceus and Gynostemma pentaphyllum as main active ingredients to form a Chinese herbal medicine mixture. Magnolia officinalis contains a variety of natural compounds such as magnolol and alkaloids, which have a significant inhibitory effect on bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, and can effectively reduce the growth of harmful bacteria in the intestines of raw fish. Eucommia ulmoides and Astragalus membranaceus are classic ingredients in feed additives, which can greatly enhance the immune function of raw fish and improve the resistance of raw fish to diseases. As for Gynostemma pentaphyllum, it is rich in saponins and has excellent effects in immunity, hormone regulation and other aspects. From the whole On this basis, since the Chinese herbal mixture has a bitter and astringent taste, it is not conducive to the intake of raw fish, resulting in a significant reduction in the application effect. Therefore, the pomace composed of olive pomace, citrus pomace and apple pomace is successively treated with cellulase and papain for enzymatic hydrolysis to obtain enzymatic pomace, which serves as the food attractant and conditioning component of the Chinese herbal mixture. On the one hand, the pomace itself still retains a certain aroma, which can cover up the bad smell brought by the Chinese herbal mixture and promote the intake of raw fish. At the same time, the pomace also contains a variety of biological activities. On the one hand, the onion extract is a kind of onion extract, which has a certain degree of synergistic effect with the Chinese herbal mixture, further enhancing the immune function of raw fish. On the other hand, the enzymatic treatment can better exert the efficacy of the pomace, which not only avoids the problem of raw fish being difficult to digest due to the presence of cellulose, but also the small molecules generated after enzymatic treatment are easier to absorb and utilize. In addition, the operation of adding two different enzymes for enzymatic treatment can obtain a more excellent application effect. The possible reason is that such enzymatic treatment produces less bitter peptides, which is more conducive to raw fish ingestion. Then, the onion is extracted with deionized water, and then filtered, vacuum freeze-dried and other operations are performed to prepare the onion extract. Although onion has been widely studied in terms of immune enhancement, it is similar to the Chinese herbal mixture and has a strong taste, which is difficult for raw fish to accept. For this reason, the present invention breaks through the conventional thinking and extracts the beneficial components in the onion with deionized water. It is surprisingly found that the extracted product not only has a very small effect on the feeding behavior of raw fish, but also has a good synergistic effect with the Chinese herbal mixture, which amplifies the effect of enhancing the immunity of raw fish.

[0026] (3) The present invention creatively prepares a raw fish feed additive that replaces antibiotics, does not introduce any harmful ingredients and antibiotics, and is highly safe. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] In order to further illustrate the technical means and effects adopted by the present invention to achieve the predetermined invention purpose, the specific implementation methods, structures, features and effects of the present invention are described in detail below in combination with the embodiments.

[0028] Example 1

[0029] A raw fish feed additive for replacing antibiotics is prepared from 80 parts by weight of a Chinese herbal medicine mixture, 8 parts by weight of an onion extract, 15 parts by weight of enzymatically hydrolyzed pomace, 8 parts by weight of a binder and 20 parts by weight of deionized water.

[0030] The Chinese herbal medicine mixture is prepared by the following steps:

[0031] Step X: Mix Magnolia officinalis, Eucommia ulmoides, Astragalus membranaceus and Gynostemma pentaphyllum in a mass ratio of 1:0.5:2:0.8, crush and sieve to complete the preparation.

[0032] The sieving in step X refers to sieving through a 20-mesh sieve.

[0033] The onion extract is prepared by the following steps:

[0034] Step Y: Crush 10 parts by weight of onion, then add 30 parts by weight of deionized water, then stir and extract at 90° C. for 20 minutes, filter, remove the filter residue, and finally freeze-dry at -10° C. in a vacuum oven until constant weight is reached, and crush to complete the preparation.

[0035] The crushing in step Y refers to crushing to a particle size of 1 mm.

[0036] The crushing in step Y refers to crushing to a particle size of 0.5 mm.

[0037] The enzymatically hydrolyzed pomace is prepared by the following steps:

[0038] Step Z: Add 7 parts by weight of pomace and 0.3 parts by weight of cellulase to 100 parts by weight of disodium hydrogen phosphate-citric acid buffer with a pH of 4.5, and then perform enzymolysis at 40° C. for 10 minutes, then add 0.2 parts by weight of papain, continue enzymolysis for 20 minutes, and finally inactivate the enzyme at 90° C. for 10 minutes, freeze-dry at -10° C. in a vacuum oven until constant weight is reached, crush, and sieve to complete the preparation.

[0039] In step Z, the pomace includes olive pomace, citrus pomace and apple pomace; the mass ratio of the olive pomace, the citrus pomace and the apple pomace is 1:1:0.5.

[0040] The sieving in step Z refers to sieving through a 20-mesh sieve.

[0041] The binder is gelatin.

[0042] A method for preparing a raw fish feed additive that replaces antibiotics, the preparation method comprising the following steps:

[0043] (1) mixing the Chinese herbal medicine mixture, onion extract, enzymatic pomace, binder and deionized water at 45° C. for 10 min to obtain a soft material;

[0044] (2) The soft material is extruded through a sieve with a pore size of 2 mm to form granules, and then dried at 40° C. for 30 min. The preparation is completed.

[0045] Example 2

[0046] A raw fish feed additive for replacing antibiotics is prepared from 80 parts by weight of a Chinese herbal medicine mixture, 10 parts by weight of an onion extract, 20 parts by weight of enzymatically hydrolyzed pomace, 10 parts by weight of a binder and 20 parts by weight of deionized water.

[0047] The Chinese herbal medicine mixture is prepared by the following steps:

[0048] Step X: Mix Magnolia officinalis, Eucommia ulmoides, Astragalus membranaceus and Gynostemma pentaphyllum in a mass ratio of 1:1:2:1.5, crush and sieve to complete the preparation.

[0049] The sieving in step X refers to sieving through a 40-mesh sieve.

[0050] The onion extract is prepared by the following steps:

[0051] Step Y: Crush 10 parts by weight of onion, then add 40 parts by weight of deionized water, then stir and extract at 95° C. for 40 minutes, filter, remove the filter residue, and finally freeze-dry at -15° C. in a vacuum oven to constant weight, and crush to complete the preparation.

[0052] The crushing in step Y refers to crushing to a particle size of 2 mm.

[0053] The crushing in step Y refers to crushing to a particle size of 0.5 mm.

[0054] The enzymatically hydrolyzed pomace is prepared by the following steps:

[0055] Step Z: adding 8 parts by weight of pomace and 0.5 parts by weight of cellulase to 100 parts by weight of disodium hydrogen phosphate-citric acid buffer with a pH of 6, and then performing enzymolysis at 50° C. for 15 minutes, then adding 0.3 parts by weight of papain, and continuing enzymolysis for 30 minutes, and finally inactivating the enzyme at 95° C. for 10 minutes, and freeze-drying in a vacuum at minus 15° C. to constant weight, crushing, and sieving to complete the preparation.

[0056] In step Z, the pomace includes olive pomace, citrus pomace and apple pomace; the mass ratio of the olive pomace, the citrus pomace and the apple pomace is 1:2:1.

[0057] The sieving in step Z refers to sieving through a 40-mesh sieve.

[0058] The binder is gelatin.

[0059] A method for preparing a raw fish feed additive that replaces antibiotics, the preparation method comprising the following steps:

[0060] (1) mixing the Chinese herbal medicine mixture, onion extract, enzymatic pomace, binder and deionized water at 50° C. for 15 minutes to obtain a soft material;

[0061] (2) The soft material is extruded through a sieve with a pore size of 2 mm to form granules, and then dried at 40° C. for 40 min. The preparation is completed.

[0062] Example 3

[0063] A raw fish feed additive replacing antibiotics is prepared from 80 parts by weight of a Chinese herbal medicine mixture, 9 parts by weight of an onion extract, 18 parts by weight of enzymatically hydrolyzed pomace, 9 parts by weight of a binder and 20 parts by weight of deionized water.

[0064] The Chinese herbal medicine mixture is prepared by the following steps:

[0065] Step X: Mix Magnolia officinalis, Eucommia ulmoides, Astragalus membranaceus and Gynostemma pentaphyllum in a mass ratio of 1:0.8:2:1, crush and sieve to complete the preparation.

[0066] The sieving in step X refers to sieving through a 30-mesh sieve.

[0067] The onion extract is prepared by the following steps:

[0068] Step Y: Crush 10 parts by weight of onion, then add 35 parts by weight of deionized water, then stir and extract at 93° C. for 30 minutes, filter, remove the filter residue, and finally freeze-dry at -13° C. in a vacuum oven to constant weight, and crush to complete the preparation.

[0069] The crushing in step Y refers to crushing to a particle size of 1.5 mm.

[0070] The crushing in step Y refers to crushing to a particle size of 0.5 mm.

[0071] The enzymatically hydrolyzed pomace is prepared by the following steps:

[0072] Step Z: Add 7.5 parts by weight of pomace and 0.4 parts by weight of cellulase to 100 parts by weight of disodium hydrogen phosphate-citric acid buffer with a pH of 5, and then perform enzymolysis at 45° C. for 13 minutes, then add 0.25 parts by weight of papain, continue enzymolysis for 25 minutes, and finally inactivate the enzyme at 93° C. for 10 minutes, freeze-dry in a vacuum at minus 13° C. to constant weight, crush, and sieve to complete the preparation.

[0073] In step Z, the pomace includes olive pomace, citrus pomace and apple pomace; the mass ratio of the olive pomace, the citrus pomace and the apple pomace is 1:1.5:0.8.

[0074] The sieving in step Z refers to sieving through a 30-mesh sieve.

[0075] The binder is gelatin.

[0076] A method for preparing a raw fish feed additive that replaces antibiotics, the preparation method comprising the following steps:

[0077] (1) mixing the Chinese herbal medicine mixture, onion extract, enzymatic pomace, binder and deionized water at 48° C. for 13 minutes to obtain a soft material;

[0078] (2) The soft material is extruded through a sieve with a pore size of 2 mm to form granules, and then dried at 40° C. for 35 minutes. The preparation is completed.

[0079] Comparative Example 1

[0080] On the basis of Example 3, the Magnolia officinalis was replaced by an equal weight of Eucommia ulmoides, and the rest remained unchanged.

[0081] Comparative Example 2

[0082] On the basis of Example 3, the Eucommia ulmoides was replaced with an equal weight of Astragalus membranaceus, and the rest remained unchanged.

[0083] Comparative Example 3

[0084] On the basis of Example 3, astragalus was replaced with an equal weight of gynostemma pentaphyllum, and the rest remained unchanged.

[0085] Comparative Example 4

[0086] On the basis of Example 3, the weight of Gynostemma pentaphyllum was changed to Magnolia officinalis, and the rest remained unchanged.

[0087] Comparative Example 5

[0088] On the basis of Example 3, the olive pomace was replaced with citrus pomace of equal weight, and the rest remained unchanged.

[0089] Comparative Example 6

[0090] On the basis of Example 3, the citrus residue was replaced with apple residue of equal weight, and the rest remained unchanged.

[0091] Comparative Example 7

[0092] On the basis of Example 3, the apple pomace was replaced with an equal weight of olive pomace, and the rest remained unchanged.

[0093] Comparative Example 8

[0094] On the basis of Example 3, the Chinese herbal medicine mixture was replaced with an equal weight of enzymatically hydrolyzed fruit residue, and the rest remained unchanged.

[0095] Comparative Example 9

[0096] On the basis of Example 3, the enzymatically hydrolyzed pomace was replaced with an equal weight of the Chinese herbal medicine mixture, and the rest remained unchanged.

[0097] Comparative Example 10

[0098] On the basis of Example 3, the onion extract was replaced by an equal weight of a Chinese herbal medicine mixture, and the rest remained unchanged.

[0099] Comparative Example 11

[0100] On the basis of Example 3, the onion extract was replaced by an equal weight of enzymatically hydrolyzed pomace, and the rest remained unchanged.

[0101] Comparative Example 12

[0102] On the basis of Example 3, cellulase was replaced by an equal weight of papain, and the rest remained unchanged.

[0103] Comparative Example 13

[0104] On the basis of Example 3, papain was replaced with cellulase of equal weight, and the rest remained unchanged.

[0105] Comparative Example 14

[0106] On the basis of Example 3, step Z is changed to adding 7.5 parts by weight of pomace, 0.4 parts by weight of cellulase and 0.25 parts by weight of papain to 100 parts by weight of disodium hydrogen phosphate-citric acid buffer with a pH of 5, followed by enzymolysis at 45°C for 38 minutes, and finally inactivating the enzyme at 93°C for 10 minutes, freeze-drying at -13°C in a vacuum until constant weight, crushing and sieving, and the preparation is completed; the rest remains unchanged.

[0107] Comparative Example 15

[0108] On the basis of Example 3, step Y is changed to crush 10 parts by weight of onions into particles with a diameter of 0.5 mm, and the preparation is completed; the rest remain unchanged.

[0109] Test Example 1

[0110] Feeding effect test:

[0111] 5100 raw fish, weighing between 150-200g, were randomly divided into 17 groups, 300 in each group, and then fed with raw fish feed added with the raw fish feed additives prepared in Example 3 and Comparative Examples 1-15 under the same breeding conditions (the mass ratio of the raw fish feed additive to the raw fish feed was 3:98, the raw fish feed was purchased from Wudi Xingchang Aquatic Technology Co., Ltd., with a protein content of 45%, model No. 3, one of which was a blank group, directly fed with raw fish feed), and the number of sick raw fish after 90 days of breeding was counted (hemorrhagic disease, white skin disease and ascites disease were used as statistical indicators of the disease, if the same raw fish had multiple diseases at the same time, it was still recorded as 1).

[0112] Table 1. Feeding effect test results

[0113]

[0114]

[0115] From the comparison between Test Example 1, Example 3, Comparative Examples 1-15 and the blank group, it can be seen that the raw fish feed additive prepared by the present invention can effectively enhance the immunity of raw fish and reduce the morbidity of raw fish.

[0116] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the present invention in any form. Although the present invention has been disclosed as a preferred embodiment as above, it is not used to limit the present invention. Any technical personnel in this field can make some changes or modify the technical contents disclosed above into equivalent embodiments without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present invention. However, any brief modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the content of the technical solution of the present invention are still within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A raw fish feed additive that replaces antibiotics, characterized in that: The raw fish feed additive is prepared from 80 parts by weight of a Chinese herbal medicine mixture, 8-10 parts by weight of an onion extract, 15-20 parts by weight of enzymatically hydrolyzed pomace, 8-10 parts by weight of a binder and 20 parts by weight of deionized water.

2. The fish feed additive for replacing antibiotics according to claim 1, characterized in that: The Chinese herbal medicine mixture is prepared by the following steps: Step X: Mix Magnolia officinalis, Eucommia ulmoides, Astragalus membranaceus and Gynostemma pentaphyllum in a mass ratio of 1:0.5-1:2:0.8-1.5, crush and sieve, and the preparation is completed.

3. The fish feed additive for replacing antibiotics according to claim 2, characterized in that: The sieving in step X refers to sieving through a 20-40 mesh sieve.

4. The fish feed additive for replacing antibiotics according to claim 1, characterized in that: The onion extract is prepared by the following steps: Step Y: Crush 10 parts by weight of onion, then add 30-40 parts by weight of deionized water, then stir and extract at 90-95° C. for 20-40 minutes, filter, remove the filter residue, and finally freeze-dry at -10-15° C. in vacuum until constant weight, and crush to complete the preparation.

5. The fish feed additive for replacing antibiotics according to claim 4, characterized in that: The crushing in step Y refers to crushing to a particle size of 1-2 mm.

6. The fish feed additive for replacing antibiotics according to claim 4, characterized in that: The crushing in step Y refers to crushing to a particle size of 0.5 mm.

7. The fish feed additive for replacing antibiotics according to claim 1, characterized in that: The enzymatically hydrolyzed pomace is prepared by the following steps: Step Z: adding 7-8 parts by weight of pomace and 0.3-0.5 parts by weight of cellulase to 100 parts by weight of disodium hydrogen phosphate-citric acid buffer with a pH of 4.5-6, and then performing enzymolysis at 40-50° C. for 10-15 minutes, then adding 0.2-0.3 parts by weight of papain, and continuing enzymolysis for 20-30 minutes, and finally inactivating the enzyme at 90-95° C. for 10 minutes, and vacuum freeze-drying at minus 10-15° C. to constant weight, crushing, and sieving to complete the preparation.

8. The fish feed additive for replacing antibiotics according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step Z, the pomace includes olive pomace, citrus pomace and apple pomace; the mass ratio of the olive pomace, the citrus pomace and the apple pomace is 1:1-2:0.5-1.

9. The fish feed additive for replacing antibiotics according to claim 1, characterized in that: The binder is gelatin.

10. A method for preparing a raw fish feed additive that replaces antibiotics as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) mixing the Chinese herbal medicine mixture, onion extract, enzymatic pomace, binder and deionized water at 45-50° C. for 10-15 minutes to obtain a soft material; (2) The soft material is extruded through a sieve with a pore size of 2 mm to form granules, and then dried at 40° C. for 30-40 minutes. The preparation is completed.

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