Welding method of box beam, bogie frame and railway vehicle

Abstract

The invention provides a welding method of a box beam, a bogie frame and a railway vehicle. The welding method comprises the steps that the groove angle, the truncated edge length and the gap of a to-be-welded position are determined, and the dry extension length of a welding wire is determined; the angle of the groove is not higher than 45 degrees; sequentially forming a backing welding layer and a cosmetic welding layer at an outer side welding seam between the vertical plate and the lower cover plate through a deep penetration welding process; a cosmetic welding layer is formed at the inner side welding seam between the vertical plate and the lower cover plate through a deep penetration welding process, and a backing welding layer and a cosmetic welding layer are sequentially formed at the outer side welding seam; forming a backing weld layer and a cosmetic weld layer at the butt weld between the two vertical plates through a deep penetration welding process; the bogie frame is machined through the welding method, and the railway vehicle comprises the bogie frame. According to the welding method of the box beam, the bogie frame and the railway vehicle, the machining time can be saved, the assembling difficulty is reduced, raw material waste is avoided, and the welding efficiency and the welding seam quality are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of bogies, and more specifically, relates to a box beam welding method, a bogie frame and a rail vehicle. Background Art

[0002] The bogie is an important load-bearing component of rail transit vehicles and plays an important role in supporting the vehicle body; the frame is a key component of the bogie, which is formed by welding steel plates of a certain thickness into a box beam, and then the box beam is fixed to form the main body of the frame. The setting of the weld structure and the welding method during the welding process directly affect the welding quality and work efficiency.

[0003] In the prior art, butt welds are often welded on both sides with large grooves. A deeper groove is processed at the T-joint between the steel plate and the steel pipe, and the groove angle is between 50-60°. In this method, when processing the large groove in the early stage, there are problems such as long processing time, great assembly difficulty, and waste of raw materials. In the later stage, multi-layer and multi-pass welding is often used for welding at the groove, which has low welding efficiency and poor weld quality. Summary of the invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a box beam welding method, a bogie frame and a rail vehicle, aiming to solve the technical problems of long groove processing time, great assembly difficulty and waste of raw materials in frame welding, as well as the technical problems of low welding efficiency and poor weld quality.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0006] In a first aspect, a box beam welding method is provided, wherein the box beam comprises an upper cover plate and a lower cover plate which are arranged opposite to each other, and a plurality of vertical plates which are arranged between the upper cover plate and the lower cover plate, wherein the plurality of vertical plates are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the box beam;

[0007] The welding method of the box beam comprises the following steps:

[0008] S1. Determine the groove angle, blunt edge length and gap of the weld to be welded, and determine the wire extension length; the groove angle is not higher than 45°;

[0009] S2. Welding is performed at the outer weld between the vertical plate and the lower cover plate by the deep penetration welding process, and a base welding layer and a cover welding layer are sequentially formed; welding is performed at the inner weld between the vertical plate and the lower cover plate by the deep penetration welding process, and a cover welding layer is formed;

[0010] S3. Welding is performed at the outer weld between the vertical plate and the upper cover plate by a deep penetration welding process, and sequentially forming a base welding layer and a cover welding layer;

[0011] S4. Welding is performed at the butt weld between the two vertical plates through the deep penetration welding process to form a base welding layer and a cover welding layer.

[0012] In combination with the first aspect, in a possible implementation method, in step S4, if there is no gap in the groove at the butt weld, the base weld layer covers the blunt edge of the groove to form a gapless groove; if the butt joint of the butt weld is misaligned, the base weld layer covers the misaligned gap of the groove.

[0013] In some embodiments, a single-side weld is used when welding the butt weld.

[0014] Exemplarily, the groove angle is 30°-45°, the blunt edge length is 1mm-5mm, and the gap is 0-2mm; the welding wire dry extension length is 15mm-30mm, and the extended end of the welding wire points to the root of the groove.

[0015] Exemplarily, the welding current of the base weld layer is set to 310A-350A, the arc voltage is set to 30V-32V, and the welding speed is 6mm / s-8mm / s; the welding current of the cover weld layer is set to 310A-350A, the arc voltage is set to 32V-34V, and the welding speed is 5mm / s-7mm / s.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the solution shown in the embodiment of the present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0017] 1) By limiting the groove angle to less than 45°, a small groove structure is formed at the welding site, which saves groove processing time, improves welding efficiency, reduces assembly difficulty, and reduces the amount of welding wire used, achieving energy-saving effects; and reduces the filling amount at the groove, avoiding the problem of excessive welding heat input, and improving welding quality;

[0018] 2) Through targeted analysis of the groove structure, the corresponding weld form is determined, and two weld layers are used instead of traditional multi-layer and multi-pass welding, which reduces the cleaning and inspection procedures between multiple welds and improves welding efficiency.

[0019] In the second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a bogie frame, comprising two side beams and a cross beam, wherein the two ends of the cross beam are respectively connected to the middle parts of the two side beams, and a group of end beams are arranged at both ends of each side beam; the two side beams, the cross beam and the end beams are all the box beams described above.

[0020] In some embodiments, the groove angle of the welding point between the vertical plate and the upper cover plate is 40°-45°, and the blunt edge of the groove is 2 mm.

[0021] In some embodiments, the groove angle of the welded portion between the vertical plate and the lower cover plate is 40°-45°, and the blunt edge of the groove is 5 mm.

[0022] In some embodiments, the groove angle of the welded portion between the two vertical plates is 40°-45°, and the blunt edge of the groove is 2mm-5mm.

[0023] The bogie frame provided in the present application has all the beneficial effects brought by the above-mentioned welding method due to the use of the above-mentioned welding method during processing, which can reduce processing time, reduce assembly difficulty, avoid waste of raw materials, and effectively improve welding efficiency and weld quality.

[0024] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a rail vehicle, comprising the bogie frame.

[0025] The rail vehicle provided in the present application has all the beneficial effects of the above-mentioned bogie frame due to its presence, can save processing time, reduce assembly difficulty, avoid waste of raw materials, and can effectively improve welding efficiency and weld quality. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0027] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a bogie frame provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of the weld connecting the vertical plate and the upper cover plate provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of the weld connecting the vertical plate and the lower cover plate provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of a butt weld between vertical plates provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a welding structure with groove misalignment in butt weld assembly provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of a welding structure of a groove gap in a butt weld assembly provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of a welding structure with uneven edges in a butt weld assembly provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] In the figure: 1. Side beam; 2. Cross beam; 3. End beam; 4. Upper cover plate; 5. Lower cover plate; 6. Vertical plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and beneficial effects to be solved by the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0036] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "disposed on" another element, it may be directly on the other element or indirectly on the other element. It should be understood that the terms "length", "width", "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside" and the like indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0037] The terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "several" is two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0038] It should be noted that, in order to facilitate the description of the welding structure in this application, the attached Figure 2-6 The figure a on the left side of the figure is a multi-layer multi-pass welding structure in the prior art, and the figure b on the right side is an embodiment used in this application; Figure 7 Figure c on the left side of the figure shows a structure in which the edges of two butted vertical plates are uneven, and figure d on the right side shows a structure formed by welding using the welding method of the present application.

[0039] Please also read Figures 1 to 7 Now, the box beam welding method, bogie frame and rail vehicle provided by the present invention are described.

[0040] The box beam includes an upper cover plate 4 and a lower cover plate 5 which are arranged opposite to each other, and a plurality of vertical plates 6 which are arranged between the upper cover plate 4 and the lower cover plate 5, and the plurality of vertical plates 6 are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the box beam. The welding method of the box beam includes the following steps: first, determining the groove angle, blunt edge length and gap of the welded part, and determining the dry extension length of the welding wire; the groove angle is not higher than 45°; second, welding is performed at the outer weld between the vertical plate 6 and the lower cover plate 5 by deep fusion welding process, and a base welding layer and a cover welding layer are formed in sequence; welding is performed at the inner weld between the vertical plate 6 and the lower cover plate 5 by deep fusion welding process, and a cover welding layer is formed; third, welding is performed at the outer weld between the vertical plate 6 and the upper cover plate 4 by deep fusion welding process, and a base welding layer and a cover welding layer are formed in sequence; fourth, welding is performed at the butt weld between the two vertical plates 6 by deep fusion welding process, and a base welding layer and a cover welding layer are formed.

[0041] It should be understood that there are many ways to connect the components to be welded, and this application uses common T-joints and butt joints as specific implementation methods for explanation.

[0042] It should be noted that when welding the assembly to be welded, it is necessary to first process the groove and then form a weld layer at the groove; for the T-joint formed between the upper cover plate 4, the lower cover plate 5 and the vertical plate 6, the groove facing side is the outer side and corresponds to the outer weld, and the other side of the groove is the inner side and corresponds to the inner weld. For details, please refer to the attached document of this application. Figure 3 .

[0043] For the connection structure of the T-joint formed by the components to be welded, the present application designs a welding structure with a small groove, and forms a "1+1" two-layer weld structure at the outer weld; in some embodiments, in order to further improve the welding strength, a cover weld layer is added at the inner weld.

[0044] Furthermore, on the basis of the small groove structure, the deep penetration welding process method is matched at the same time to realize the improvement from "1+N" multi-pass welding to "1+1" two-pass welding, reducing the grinding and cleaning of the weld, reducing the welding area, and thus overcoming the problems of large welding deformation, low welding efficiency and high manufacturing cost.

[0045] Compared with the prior art, the solution shown in the embodiment of the present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0046] 1) By limiting the groove angle to less than 45°, a small groove structure is formed at the welding site, which saves groove processing time, improves welding efficiency, reduces assembly difficulty, and reduces the amount of welding wire used, achieving energy-saving effects; and reduces the filling amount at the groove, avoiding the problem of excessive welding heat input, and improving welding quality;

[0047] 2) Through targeted analysis of the groove structure, the corresponding weld form is determined, and two weld layers are used instead of traditional multi-layer and multi-pass welding, which reduces the cleaning and inspection procedures between multiple welds and improves welding efficiency.

[0048] See also Figure 5 and Figure 6 In a possible implementation, in the above step S4, if there is no gap in the groove of the butt weld, the base weld layer covers the blunt edge of the groove to form a groove without a gap; if the butt joint of the butt weld is misaligned, the base weld layer covers the misaligned gap of the groove.

[0049] By making the base weld layer cover the gap at the blunt edge of the groove and the dislocation, the groove can be free of dislocation and gap, thereby enhancing the connection strength of the welding area and improving the welding quality.

[0050] See also Figure 4 In some embodiments, a single-sided weld is used when welding at the butt weld.

[0051] In the conventional butt joint process, some vertical plates 6 are welded by single-side multi-pass welds or double-side multi-pass welds, as shown in the attached figure. Figure 4 The structure of Figure a on the left side is similar to that of Figure 1, but in this application, the groove structure at the joint is designed to be a small groove structure, and the double-sided weld is replaced by a single-sided weld, which can reduce the flipping during the welding process and improve the welding efficiency while ensuring the welding quality.

[0052] Exemplarily, the groove angle is 30°-45°, the blunt edge length is 1mm-5mm, the gap is 0-2mm; the wire extension length is 15mm-30mm, and the extended end of the wire points to the root of the groove.

[0053] By rationally planning the groove angle to 30°-45° of the small groove, and adjusting the blunt edge length and the wire extension length, it is convenient to implement the deep penetration welding "1+1" two-pass welding in this application, ensure the connection strength, and improve the welding process speed.

[0054] Exemplarily, the welding current of the base weld layer is set to 310A-350A, the arc voltage is set to 30V-32V, and the welding speed is 6mm / s-8mm / s; the welding current of the cover weld layer is set to 310A-350A, the arc voltage is set to 32V-34V, and the welding speed is 5mm / s-7mm / s.

[0055] By designing the current, voltage and welding speed of the base welding layer and the cover welding layer, the strength of the formed base welding layer and the cover welding layer is guaranteed, thereby ensuring the connection strength at the weld and improving the welding quality.

[0056] In addition, when performing the welding process, it is preferably performed in a flat welding or boat welding position.

[0057] See also Figure 1 An embodiment of the present invention further provides a bogie frame, which includes two side beams 1 and a cross beam 2, wherein the two ends of the cross beam 2 are respectively connected to the middle parts of the two side beams 1, and a group of end beams 3 are arranged at both ends of each side beam 1; the two side beams 1, the cross beam 2 and the end beams 3 are all the above-mentioned box beams, which are made by the above-mentioned welding method.

[0058] The bogie frame provided in the present application has all the beneficial effects brought by the above-mentioned welding method due to the use of the above-mentioned welding method during processing, which can reduce processing time, reduce assembly difficulty, avoid waste of raw materials, and effectively improve welding efficiency and weld quality.

[0059] See also Figure 2 In some embodiments, the groove angle of the welded portion between the vertical plate 6 and the upper cover plate 4 is 40°-45°, and the blunt edge of the groove is 2 mm.

[0060] Specifically, when welding between the opposing plate 6 and the upper cover plate 4, welding is performed in the flat welding or boat-shaped welding position, the dry extension length of the welding wire is adjusted to 25-30 mm, and the welding wire is adjusted so that the extended end of the welding wire points directly to the root of the groove so that the welding arc extends into the root of the groove; preferably, the welding current of the base welding layer is set to 310A-350A, the arc voltage is set to 30V-32V, and the welding speed is 5mm / s-8mm / s.

[0061] See also Figure 3 In some embodiments, in some embodiments, the groove angle of the welded portion between the vertical plate 6 and the lower cover plate 5 is 40°-45°, and the blunt edge of the groove is 5 mm.

[0062] The bottom support position is between the vertical plate 6 and the lower cover plate 5, and a high support strength must be ensured; therefore, in the present application, a 45° bevel angle is formed at the welding point between the vertical plate 6 and the lower cover plate 5, and a base weld layer and a cover weld layer are formed on the bevel-facing side, and a cover weld layer is formed on the other side of the bevel to ensure welding strength and improve welding quality.

[0063] Optionally, when welding is performed between the opposing plate 6 and the lower cover plate 5 , the welding task at the outer weld is completed first, and then the welding task at the inner weld is performed.

[0064] See also Figure 4 In some embodiments, the groove angle of the welded portion between the two vertical plates 6 is 40°-45°, and the blunt edge of the groove is 2mm-5mm.

[0065] By setting the groove angle and the length of the blunt edge of the groove in a targeted and reasonable manner, the welding strength of each welded joint can be guaranteed, thereby improving the welding quality, while saving the processing time at the groove and reducing resource waste.

[0066] See also Figure 5 In the embodiment of the welding structure with misaligned butt welding and low-precision assembly, the frame groove angle can be designed to be 30°-45°, the blunt edge can be designed to be 1mm-2mm, the flat welding position can be selected for welding, and the wire dry extension length can be adjusted to 20mm-30mm, so that the extended end of the welding wire is obliquely pointed to the groove root of the butt joint plate near the lower side plate, so that the welding arc can melt the side groove root. Optionally, the welding current of the base welding layer is set to 310A-330A, the arc voltage is set to 30V-32V, and the welding speed is 6mm / s-8mm / s.

[0067] See also Figure 6 In the embodiment of the welding structure of the welded groove without gap assembly, the welding is performed in the flat welding or boat welding position. During welding, a backing plate is assembled on the back of the groove. The dry extension length of the welding wire is adjusted to 15mm-20mm, so that the welding wire is pointed directly at the root of the groove so that the welding arc melts the root of the side groove; the welding current of the base welding layer is set to 310A-350A, the arc voltage is set to 30V-32V, and the welding speed is 6mm / s-8mm / s.

[0068] See also Figure 7 In the embodiment of the welding structure facing the jagged plate edge with uneven cutting edges or poor processing surface, the flat welding position is selected for welding, the dry extension of the welding wire is adjusted to 15-20mm, the welding wire is pointing directly to the grooves on both sides during welding, the lateral swing gap is 5mm-10mm, the welding current is set to 310A-350A, the arc voltage is set to 32V-34V, and the welding speed is 5mm / s-6mm / s to achieve lower speed welding. Through the deep melting effect of the welding arc, the rough groove is completely melted and well fused with the welding wire, thereby ensuring the welding quality of the rough groove surface and the serrated plate edge.

[0069] An embodiment of the present invention further provides a rail vehicle, comprising a bogie frame.

[0070] The rail vehicle provided in the present application has all the beneficial effects of the above-mentioned bogie frame due to its presence, can save processing time, reduce assembly difficulty, avoid waste of raw materials, and can effectively improve welding efficiency and weld quality.

[0071] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for welding a box beam, wherein the box beam comprises an upper cover plate (4) and a lower cover plate (5) arranged opposite to each other, and a plurality of vertical plates (6) arranged between the upper cover plate (4) and the lower cover plate (5), wherein the plurality of vertical plates (6) are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the box beam; characterized in that: The welding method of the box beam comprises the following steps: S1. Determine the groove angle, blunt edge length and gap of the weld to be welded, and determine the wire extension length; the groove angle is not higher than 45°; S2. Welding is performed at the outer weld between the vertical plate (6) and the lower cover plate (5) by the deep penetration welding process, and a base welding layer and a cover welding layer are formed in sequence; welding is performed at the inner weld between the vertical plate (6) and the lower cover plate (5) by the deep penetration welding process, and a cover welding layer is formed; S3. Welding is performed at the outer weld between the vertical plate (6) and the upper cover plate (4) by a deep penetration welding process, and sequentially forming a base welding layer and a cover welding layer; S4. Welding is performed at the butt weld between the two vertical plates (6) by the deep penetration welding process, and a base welding layer and a cover welding layer are formed.

2. The box beam welding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, if there is no gap in the groove of the butt weld, the base weld layer covers the blunt edge of the groove to form a groove without a gap; if the butt joint of the butt weld is misaligned, the base weld layer covers the misaligned gap of the groove.

3. The box beam welding method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: When welding the butt weld, a single-side weld is used.

4. The box beam welding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The groove angle is 30°-45°, the blunt edge length is 1mm-5mm, and the gap is 0-2mm; the welding wire dry extension length is 15mm-30mm, and the extended end of the welding wire points to the root of the groove.

5. The box beam welding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The welding current of the base welding layer is set to 310A-350A, the arc voltage is set to 30V-32V, and the welding speed is 6mm / s-8mm / s; the welding current of the cover welding layer is set to 310A-350A, the arc voltage is set to 32V-34V, and the welding speed is 5mm / s-7mm / s.

6. A bogie frame, comprising two side beams (1) and a cross beam (2), wherein the two ends of the cross beam (2) are respectively connected to the middle parts of the two side beams (1), and a group of end beams (3) are arranged at both ends of each side beam (1); characterized in that: The two side beams (1), the cross beam (2) and the end beam (3) are all box beams as described in any one of claims 1 to 5.

7. The bogie frame according to claim 6, characterized in that: The groove angle at the welded portion between the vertical plate (6) and the upper cover plate (4) is 40°-45°, and the blunt edge of the groove is 2 mm.

8. The bogie frame according to claim 6, characterized in that: The groove angle of the welded portion between the vertical plate (6) and the lower cover plate (5) is 40°-45°, and the blunt edge of the groove is 5 mm.

9. The bogie frame according to claim 6, characterized in that: The groove angle of the welded portion between the two vertical plates (6) is 40°-45°, and the blunt edge of the groove is 2mm-5mm.

10. A rail vehicle, characterized in that: Comprising a bogie frame as described in any one of claims 6-9.

Images