Drilling and blasting excavation method and system for water tunnel

Abstract

The invention discloses a water tunnel drilling and blasting excavation method and system, and relates to the technical field of tunnel engineering.The method comprises the drilling step, the blasting step and the slag removal step, and the slag removal step comprises the steps that S31, the distance between the section of a tunnel and a preset slag discharging area outside the tunnel is measured, and the distance value d1 is obtained; s32, according to the distance value d1, selecting track modules which are matched in number and are prefabricated; pulling a prefabricated steel cable along the transfer track; s33, a hoisting mechanism is installed in the muck discharging area, and a lifting mechanism is installed in front of the section of the tunnel; s34, adaptive moving flatcars are placed on the transfer rails and the steel cables correspondingly; s35, the other moving flatcar on the steel cable is lowered to the position, close to the section of the tunnel, of the transfer rail through the lifting mechanism; after the muck unloading area is emptied, the movable flatcar located on the transfer rail is hoisted to the steel cable through the hoisting mechanism. The method has the effect of reducing potential safety hazards in the drilling and blasting construction process of the water tunnel.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of tunnel engineering, and in particular to a method and system for drilling and blasting excavation of a water conveyance tunnel. Background Art

[0002] Due to many reasons such as cost and tunnel size, the excavation of water supply tunnels is currently not done using shield machines. Instead, the drilling and blasting method is used: after precise measurement and guidance, workers drill holes within the cross-sectional contour of the tunnel, load explosives into the holes, and after detonation, clean up the gravel and residue to achieve tunnel excavation.

[0003] From the above content, it can be seen that a large amount of debris that needs to be transported will be generated during the excavation of the water conveyance tunnel. Currently, workers often use tricycles, small trucks, etc. to transport the debris. However, due to the relatively small height and width of the water conveyance tunnel, it is inconvenient for vehicles to turn around in the tunnel, and they need to use reverse to leave the tunnel, which is not in line with people's normal driving habits and poses a safety hazard. Therefore, this application proposes a new technical solution. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to reduce potential safety hazards during the drilling and blasting construction of a water conveyance tunnel, the present application provides a water conveyance tunnel drilling and blasting excavation method and system thereof.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present application provides a method for drilling and blasting excavation of a water conveyance tunnel, which adopts the following technical solution: A method for drilling and blasting a water conveyance tunnel comprises a drilling step, a blasting step and a slag cleaning step, wherein the slag cleaning step comprises: S31, measuring the distance from the tunnel section to the preset slag unloading area outside the tunnel to obtain a distance value d1; S32, selecting a prefabricated track module of suitable quantity according to the distance value d1; wherein a plurality of the track modules are spliced ​​together to form a transfer track; Pulling a prefabricated steel cable along the transfer track; wherein the steel cable is located above the transfer track and is erected by providing a bracket; S33. Install a hoisting mechanism in the muck unloading area and a lifting mechanism in front of the tunnel section, and the lifting height of the lifting mechanism and the hoisting mechanism is greater than the distance between the steel cable and the transfer track; S34, placing suitable mobile flat cars on the transfer track and the steel cable respectively; S35, the mobile flat car moves along the transfer track from the slag unloading area to a position close to the slag in front of the tunnel section, and returns to the slag unloading area after loading the slag; After the moving flat car on the transfer track leaves the position close to the tunnel section, another moving flat car on the steel cable is lowered to the position close to the tunnel section on the transfer track through the lifting mechanism; After the mobile flat car located on the transfer track is emptied in the slag unloading area, the mobile flat car is lifted onto the steel cable by the lifting mechanism.

[0006] Optionally, the slag cleaning step further comprises: An electromagnetic towing mechanism is installed under the steel cable; After the hoisting mechanism lifts the mobile flat car onto the steel cable and places it above the electromagnetic towing mechanism, the electromagnetic towing mechanism drives the mobile flat car to move along the steel cable from the slag unloading area to the front of the tunnel section.

[0007] In a second aspect, the present application provides a water conveyance tunnel drilling and blasting system, which adopts the following technical solution: A water conveyance tunnel drilling and blasting excavation system, comprising: The transfer track includes a plurality of track modules connected to each other and is laid according to a distance value d1; wherein the distance value d1 is the distance from the tunnel section to the slag unloading area outside the tunnel; At least two steel cables are installed above the transfer track and extend along the transfer track; Mobile flat cars, at least one of which is placed on the steel cables and at least one of which is placed on the transfer track; A hoisting mechanism, which is installed in a preset slag unloading area and is used to hoist the mobile flat car on the transfer track onto the steel cable; An electromagnetic towing mechanism, which is arranged below the steel cable and is used to move the moving flat car on the steel cable along the steel cable to the front of the tunnel section; A lifting mechanism installed in front of the tunnel section and used to lower the moving flat car on the wire ropes onto the transfer track; and, The project host is installed at the project site and is data-connected to one or more of the mobile flat car, electromagnetic towing mechanism, hoisting mechanism, and lifting mechanism; The project host is configured to obtain a distance value d1 and calculate the number of track modules according to the distance value d1.

[0008] Optionally, any one of the steel cables is matched with at least two brackets and one winch, one of the brackets is close to the tunnel section, and the other bracket is located in the slag unloading area and the winch is arranged on the side, the top of the bracket is detachably connected to a guide, a ring structure is formed at one end of the steel cable close to the tunnel section and the ring structure is mounted on the guide, the steel cable is overlapped on the guide and the end away from the ring structure is wound around the winch.

[0009] Optionally, a guide groove is provided at the bottom of the movable flat cart, and the guide groove extends along the length of the movable flat cart and has an end-view outline that is a spliced ​​structure of a trapezoid and a notched circle, the notched circle is above the trapezoid and the notch is opposite to the upper bottom of the trapezoid, the steel cable is inserted into the notched circle, and the guide includes a supporting column, a platform and a bottom plate, the supporting column is located above the bottom plate and has a length less than the opening width of the guide groove, the upper end of the platform is fixed to the lower part of the supporting column, the lower end of the platform is fixed to the bottom plate, the bottom plate is detachably connected to the bracket, and the steel cable is overlapped on the supporting column.

[0010] Optionally, the electromagnetic towing mechanism includes a slider, an electromagnet and a traction assembly, wherein the traction assembly is disposed under the steel cable and is used to tow the slider to move along the extension direction of the steel cable, the electromagnet is embedded in the slider, the electromagnet is used to be close to the bottom of the mobile flat car located above, and the electromagnet data is connected to the project host.

[0011] Optionally, the traction assembly includes a guide plate, a motor, a rope drum and a towing rope, the guide plate is arranged under the steel cable, the guide plate is not magnetizable and has a middle groove along the length direction, the slider is slidably connected to the middle groove and the upper part extends out of the middle groove and is embedded with a fixed electromagnet, the rope drum is located at the end of the middle groove and is rotatably connected to the end of the guide plate, one end of the towing rope is fixed to the rope drum, and the other end is fixed to the side of the slider facing the tunnel section; the motor is installed on the guide plate and is used to drive the rope drum to rotate, and the motor is data connected to the project host.

[0012] Optionally, multiple electromagnetic towing mechanisms are installed below the steel cable; wherein the multiple electromagnetic towing mechanisms are arranged at intervals along the extension direction of the steel cable, and the first electromagnetic towing mechanism is located in the slag unloading area; the main machine configuration of the project is: Calculate the number of deployed electromagnetic dragging mechanisms according to the distance value d1, and calculate the movement amount of a single electromagnetic dragging mechanism; Search the database according to the movement amount to obtain the matching initial velocity of the moving flat car; wherein the database pre-records the data relationship between the movement amount and the initial velocity of the moving flat car; Define the initial speed of the moving flat car as the moving speed of the slider when the electromagnet is turned off; Determine the speed of the motor in the stable stage after starting according to the moving speed of the slider, and control the motor according to the speed; The dragging time is calculated according to the moving speed of the slider and the length of the preset dragging path of the electromagnetic dragging mechanism, and the electromagnet is controlled to be shut down according to the dragging time.

[0013] Optionally, the traction assembly includes two winches, a guide rope, two motors and two towing ropes. The two winches are arranged on the side of the bracket located in the slag unloading area, one end of the guide rope is fixedly connected to the side of the bracket located in front of the tunnel section, and the other end is fixedly connected to the two winches. The slider is slidably sleeved on the guide rope, and the bracket located in front of the tunnel section and the top center of the bracket located in the slag unloading area are rotatably connected to guide wheels. One of the two motors is installed on the bracket located in front of the tunnel section, and the other of the two motors is installed on the bracket located in the slag unloading area. A rope drum two is coaxially fixed to the output shaft of the two motors, one end of the two towing ropes two are respectively fixedly connected to the side walls of the slider, and the end of the two towing ropes two facing away from the slider is fixedly connected to the rope drum two.

[0014] Optionally, the front and rear ends of the mobile flat car are respectively equipped with distance measuring units facing outward and tilted downward, and the distance measuring unit signals are connected to the project host, and the project host is configured as follows: If the signal fed back by the distance measuring unit indicates that an obstacle has occurred, the second motor is controlled to stop moving and a preset alarm prompt is output.

[0015] To summarize, the present application includes the following beneficial technical effects: after drilling and detonation, an appropriate number of track modules are spliced ​​and arranged according to the distance from the tunnel section to the preset slag unloading area outside the tunnel. Then, the staff can use tools such as shovels to shovel the slag accumulated in front of the tunnel section onto a mobile flat car, and then move the mobile flat car to the transfer track. Then, the mobile flat car is moved along the transfer track to the slag unloading area for unloading. Then, the lifting mechanism lifts the mobile flat car onto the steel cable. At the same time, the mobile flat car on the steel cable is lowered to the position of the transfer track close to the tunnel section through the lifting mechanism, and the staff continues to transfer the slag. The slag is transported by setting up tracks, thereby reducing safety hazards during construction. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of Example 1 of the present application.

[0017] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the control structure of Example 1 of the present application.

[0018] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 A partial enlarged schematic diagram of part A.

[0019] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the electromagnetic dragging mechanism of Example 1 of the present application.

[0020] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the pulling component structure of the second embodiment of the present application.

[0021] Explanation of the reference numerals: 1. transfer track; 2. steel cable; 3. mobile flat car; 4. hoisting mechanism; 5. electromagnetic towing mechanism; 6. lifting mechanism; 7. project host; 8. bracket; 81. winch one; 82. winch two; 9. guide; 31. guide groove; 91. supporting column; 92. platform; 93. bottom plate; 41. gantry crane; 51. slider; 52. electromagnet; 53. pulling assembly; 531. guide plate; 532. motor one; 533. rope drum one; 534. towing rope one; 535. blocking block; 61. vertical frame; 62. linear motor; 63. lifting plate; 542. guide rope; 543. motor two; 544. towing rope two; 545. guide wheel; 546. rope drum two; 547. distance measuring unit. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The following is combined with Figure 1-5 This application is described in further detail.

[0023] The embodiment of the present application discloses a method for drilling and blasting excavation of a water conveyance tunnel.

[0024] Reference Figure 1 The drilling and blasting excavation method for a water conveyance tunnel includes a drilling step, a detonation step, and a slag removal step; wherein the drilling step includes: using a rock drill to drill blast holes in a tunnel section (tunnel excavation face), and the number, depth, and spacing of the blast holes are designed according to the actual site conditions and existing construction experience; the detonation step includes: selecting a suitable type of explosive and explosive charge according to the wave impedance of the tunnel rock and in combination with construction experience, and then loading the explosive into the blast hole for blasting; thus, a large amount of slag that needs to be transported will be generated through the above steps, and the slag needs to be transported outside the tunnel, so the area outside the tunnel is set as a slag unloading area, and thus the slag removal step includes: S31, measuring the distance from the tunnel section to the preset slag unloading area outside the tunnel to obtain a distance value d1; S32, selecting a prefabricated track module of suitable quantity according to the distance value d1; wherein a plurality of track modules are spliced ​​together to form a transfer track 1; A prefabricated steel cable 2 is pulled along the transfer track 1; wherein the steel cable 2 is located above the transfer track 1 and is erected by providing a bracket 8; S33, installing a hoisting mechanism 4 in the slag unloading area, installing a lifting mechanism 6 in front of the tunnel section, and the lifting height of the lifting mechanism 6 and the hoisting mechanism 4 is greater than the distance between the steel cable 2 and the transfer track 1; S34, placing a suitable mobile flat car 3 on the transfer track 1 and the steel cable 2 respectively, and installing an electromagnetic towing mechanism 5 under the steel cable 2; After the hoisting mechanism 4 lifts the mobile flat car 3 onto the steel cable 2 and places it above the electromagnetic towing mechanism 5, the electromagnetic towing mechanism 5 drives the mobile flat car 3 to move along the steel cable 2 from the slag unloading area to the front of the tunnel section; S35, the mobile flat car 3 moves along the transfer track 1 from the slag unloading area to a position close to the slag in front of the tunnel section, and returns to the slag unloading area after loading the slag; After the mobile flat car 3 on the transfer track 1 leaves the position close to the tunnel section, another mobile flat car 3 on the steel cable 2 is lowered to the position of the transfer track 1 close to the tunnel section by the lifting mechanism 6; After the mobile flat car 3 located on the transfer track 1 is emptied in the slag unloading area, the mobile platform is lifted onto the steel cable 2 by the lifting mechanism 4.

[0025] Through the above arrangement, after drilling and detonation, an appropriate number of track modules are spliced ​​and arranged according to the distance from the tunnel section to the preset slag unloading area outside the tunnel. Then, the staff can shovel the slag accumulated in front of the tunnel section onto the mobile flat car 3 by using tools such as shovels, and then move the mobile flat car 3 to the transfer track 1. Then, the mobile flat car 3 is moved along the transfer track 1 to the slag unloading area for unloading. Then, the hoisting mechanism 4 lifts the mobile flat car 3 onto the steel cable 2. At the same time, the mobile flat car 3 located on the steel cable 2 is lowered to the position of the transfer track 1 close to the tunnel section through the lifting mechanism 6, and the staff continues to transfer the slag. The slag is transported by setting up tracks, thereby reducing safety hazards during construction.

[0026] The embodiment of the present application also discloses a water conveyance tunnel drilling and blasting system. Embodiment 1

[0027] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 The water conveyance tunnel drilling and blasting excavation system includes a transfer track 1, a steel cable 2, a mobile flat car 3, a hoisting mechanism 4, an electromagnetic towing mechanism 5, a lifting mechanism 6 and a project host 7.

[0028] Among them, the project host 7 includes a PLC control cabinet and is installed at the engineering project site, and the data is connected to the mobile flat car 3, the electromagnetic towing mechanism 5, the hoisting mechanism 4 and the lifting mechanism 6.

[0029] The transfer track 1 includes a plurality of track modules spliced ​​together. The track modules are composed of two parallel and aligned rectangular long track structures. The length of the rectangular long track structure extends along the direction of the tunnel opening. The rectangular long track structure has wheel grooves along the length direction. Adjacent track modules are spliced ​​together and fixed by screws to form the transfer track 1.

[0030] Among them, regarding the number of track modules, the project host 7 can be configured to: obtain the distance value d1, and calculate the number of track modules according to the distance value d1; it can be understood that d1 is the distance from the tunnel section to the slag unloading area outside the tunnel. Specifically, the distance value d1 can be obtained by installing a distance meter in the slag unloading area outside the tunnel, and measuring the distance data from the slag unloading area outside the tunnel to the tunnel section through the distance meter, thereby obtaining d1, and at the same time, according to the length of the track module used, the number of track modules to be used is calculated. It should be noted that since the tunnel needs to continue to advance forward during the construction process, it is necessary to continuously update the distance data fed back by the distance meter to add track modules and extend the transfer track 1. In other embodiments, the distance value d1 can also be obtained by automatically accumulating the distance value d1 according to the number of detonations and the distances advanced by each detonation.

[0031] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 3 , multiple brackets 8 are set up above the transfer track 1. The brackets 8 are gantry frames. Multiple brackets 8 are arranged at intervals along the extension direction of the transfer track 1. Among them, one bracket 8 is set close to the tunnel section, and one bracket 8 is located in the slag unloading area and a winch 81 is arranged on the side. There are at least two steel cables 2. Any steel cable 2 matches at least two brackets 8 and one winch 81. In this embodiment, two steel cables 2 are set, and the steel cables 2 are located above the brackets 8 and extend along the transfer track 1. The top of the bracket 8 is detachably connected to a guide 9. The end of the steel cable 2 close to the tunnel section is formed with a ring structure and the ring structure is sleeved on the guide 9. A section of the steel cable 2 away from the ring structure is overlapped with each guide 9 and the end away from the ring structure is wound on the winch 81, so that the steel cable 2 is straightened and overlapped on the guide 9 through the winch 81.

[0032] The mobile flat car 3 includes a car body and a power source for driving the car body to move. It can be understood that the power source should at least include four wheels rotatably connected to the car body, a power motor for driving the corresponding shaft of the wheel to rotate, a motor controller, and a data transmission module that allows the motor controller to be remotely controlled. The data transmission module can use a 5G communication module and a WiFi module. The wheels on both sides of the car body are respectively located in the wheel grooves of the two rectangular long track structures in the track module, so that the mobile flat car 3 can move along the transfer track 1.

[0033] Reference Figure 3In order to enable the movable flat car 3 to move smoothly along the steel cable 2, guide grooves 31 are respectively provided at the bottom of the movable flat car 3 corresponding to the positions of the two steel cables 2. The guide grooves 31 extend along the length of the movable flat car 3 and have an end-view outline that is a splicing structure of a trapezoid and a notched circle. The notched circle is above the trapezoid and the notch is opposite to the upper bottom of the trapezoid, so that the steel cable 2 is stuck in the notched circle. Among them, the guide 9 includes a supporting column 91, a platform 92 and a base plate 93. The base plate 93 is detachably connected to the upper surface of the bracket 8 by screws. The cross-section of the platform 92 is an isosceles trapezoid and its bottom is welded to the upper surface of the base plate 93. The lower part of the supporting column 91 is welded to the upper end of the platform 92 and its length is less than the opening width of the guide groove 31. The supporting column 91 is cylindrical and its axial direction is perpendicular to the extension direction of the steel cable 2, so that the ring structure of the steel cable 2 can be mounted on the supporting column 91, and the part of the steel cable 2 that is away from the ring structure can be overlapped on the supporting column 91. Since the winch 81 straightens the steel cable 2, the steel cable 2 can be stably overlapped on the supporting column 91.

[0034] Reference Figure 1 The hoisting mechanism 4 is installed in the preset slag unloading area. The hoisting mechanism 4 includes a gantry crane 41 (gantry crane). The gantry crane 41 includes a gate-shaped frame, a crane mechanism and a lifting hook arranged on the crane mechanism. The crane mechanism can slide along the crossbeam of the gate-shaped frame, and the crane mechanism can drive the lifting hook to rise and fall. Since the gantry crane 41 adopts the existing technology, the specific structural composition is not described here. By setting up the gate-shaped frame at one end of the transfer track 1 close to the slag unloading area, and the crane mechanism is located above the bracket 8 of the slag unloading area, when the mobile flat car 3 is emptied in the slag unloading area, the mobile flat car 3 is lifted from the transfer track 1 to the steel cable 2 by the cooperation of the lifting hook and the crane mechanism, and the lifting and transfer of the mobile flat car 3 is completed.

[0035] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 4 The electromagnetic towing mechanism 5 is arranged below the steel cable 2 and is used to move the mobile flat car 3 on the steel cable 2 along the steel cable 2 from the slag unloading area to the front of the tunnel section. The electromagnetic towing mechanism 5 includes a slider 51, an electromagnet 52 and a pulling assembly 53. The pulling assembly 53 includes a guide plate 531, a motor 532, a rope drum 533, and a towing rope 534. The guide plate 531 is supported and fixed by setting a bracket 8 and is located below the steel cable 2. The length direction of the guide plate 531 is set along the extension direction of the steel cable 2. The guide plate 531 is not magnetizable and has a middle groove along its length direction. The slider 51 is slidably connected to the middle groove and the upper part extends out of the middle groove and is embedded with a fixed electromagnet 52. The electromagnet 52 is used to be close to the bottom of the mobile flat car 3 located above. The electromagnet 52 is data connected to the project host 7.

[0036] Reference Figure 4The rope drum 533 is located at the end of the middle slot and is rotatably connected to the end of the guide plate 531 facing the tunnel section through a bearing. One end of the towing rope 534 is fixed to the rope drum 533, and the other end is fixed to the side of the slider 51 facing the tunnel section. The guide plate 531 is located on both sides of the middle slot and is welded with a blocking block 535 near the rope drum 533. The blocking block 535 is bonded with a rubber pad on the side facing the slider 51 to prevent the slider 51 from sliding out of the middle slot. The motor 532 is fixed to the guide plate 531 by bolts and is used to drive the rope drum 533 to rotate. The motor 532 is connected to the project host 7 through the inverter data.

[0037] When the mobile cart 3 is lifted onto the steel cable 2, the bottom of the mobile cart 3 is made of metal, the control electromagnet 52 sucks the bottom of the mobile cart 3, the control motor 532 moves according to the preset parameters, the drag rope 534 drives the slider 51 to drive the mobile cart 3 to move, and the control electromagnet 52 releases the mobile cart 3, thereby moving the mobile cart 3 toward the tunnel section.

[0038] Considering that the distance value d1 will gradually increase with the continuous excavation of the tunnel, it is necessary to add multiple electromagnetic towing mechanisms 5, which are arranged at intervals along the extension direction of the steel cable 2, and the first electromagnetic towing mechanism 5 is located in the slag unloading area. The project host 7 is configured as follows: Calculate the number of deployed electromagnetic dragging mechanisms 5 according to the distance value d1, and calculate the movement amount of a single electromagnetic dragging mechanism 5; Search the database according to the movement amount to obtain the matching initial velocity of the mobile flat car 3; wherein the database pre-records the data relationship between the movement amount and the initial velocity of the mobile flat car 3; The initial velocity of the mobile flat car 3 is defined as the moving velocity of the slider 51 when the electromagnet 52 is turned off; Determine the speed of the motor 1 532 in the stable stage after starting according to the moving speed of the slider 51, and control the motor 1 532 according to the speed; The dragging duration is calculated according to the moving speed of the slider 51 and the length of the preset dragging path of the electromagnetic dragging mechanism 5 , and the electromagnet 52 is controlled to be turned off according to the dragging duration.

[0039] It can be understood that according to the distance value d1 and the length of the guide plate 531, a suitable number of electromagnetic towing mechanisms 5 are arranged. Because the mobile flat car 3 is driven by the first electromagnetic towing mechanism 5, the mobile flat car 3 will move to the next electromagnetic towing mechanism 5, and then be driven forward by the current electromagnetic towing mechanism 5, and so on, so as to find out the initial velocity of the mobile flat car 3 corresponding to the movement amount achieved by the mobile flat car 3 under the drive of each electromagnetic towing mechanism 5 in the database, and determine the speed of the motor 532 in the stable stage after starting, as well as the attraction time of the electromagnet 52, so that the mobile flat car 3 can be given a boost in turn to move toward the direction of the tunnel section.

[0040] Reference Figure 1 The lifting mechanism 6 is installed in front of the tunnel section and is used to lower the mobile flat car 3 on the steel cable 2 onto the transfer track 1. The lifting mechanism 6 includes a vertical frame 61, a linear motor 62 installed on the vertical frame 61, and a lifting plate 63 fixed on the slide of the linear motor 62. The vertical frame 61 is arranged in front of the tunnel section and faces the transfer track 1. The linear motor 62 is vertically arranged so that the slide of the linear motor 62 moves up and down in the longitudinal direction. The lifting plate 63 faces the steel cable 2 and first moves the lifting plate 63 to be flush with the height of the steel cable 2. When the mobile flat car 3 on the steel cable 2 moves to the front of the tunnel section, the mobile flat car 3 moves onto the lifting plate 63 under the action of inertia, and then the linear motor 62 drives the lifting plate 63 to descend. At the same time, the wide band of the lifting plate 63 is less than the distance between the two transfer modules, and the lifting plate 63 can be lowered to the transfer track 1. It should be noted that since there will be workers in front of the tunnel section who need to shovel the debris onto the mobile flat car 3, even if the mobile flat car 3 does not move to the lifting plate 63 by itself, the workers can assist the mobile flat car 3 to move the mobile flat car 3 to the lifting plate 63. Embodiment 2

[0041] Reference Figure 5The difference between this embodiment and the first embodiment is that the pulling assembly 53 includes a second winch 82, a guide rope 542, two second motors 543 and two second towing ropes 544. The second winch 82 is arranged on the side of the bracket 8 located in the slag unloading area. The guide rope 542 is arranged along the extension direction of the steel cable 2. One end of the guide rope 542 forms a hook. A hook ring for matching the hook is installed on the side of the bracket 8 located in front of the tunnel section, and the other end of the guide rope 542 is fixedly connected to the second winch 82. The guide rope 542 is arranged between the two steel cables 2. The slider 51 is slidably sleeved on the guide rope 542. The bracket 8 located in front of the tunnel section and the top center of the bracket 8 located in the slag unloading area are both rotatably connected to the guide wheel 545 through the support. One motor 2 543 is installed on the bracket 8 located in front of the tunnel section, and the other motor 2 543 is installed on the bracket 8 located in the slag unloading area. The output shaft of the motor 2 543 is coaxially fixed with a rope drum 2 546. One end of the two towing ropes 2 544 is respectively fixedly connected to the side walls of the slider 51, and the end of the towing rope 2 544 away from the slider 51 is fixedly connected to the rope drum 2 546. Both the motor 1 532 and the motor 2 543 are servo motors and are respectively data-connected to the project host 7.

[0042] When the mobile flat car 3 is lifted onto the steel cable 2, the bottom of the mobile flat car 3 is made of metal, the electromagnet 52 attracts the bottom of the mobile flat car 3, and the two motors 543 cooperate with each other to pull the slider 51 along the guide rope 542 toward the direction close to the tunnel section, thereby driving the mobile flat car 3 to move. At the same time, after the mobile flat car 3 is lowered to the transfer track 1 through the lifting mechanism 6, the two motors 543 cooperate with each other to drive the slider 51 to return to the slag unloading area.

[0043] Reference Figure 2 and Figure 5 In order to prevent obstacles from appearing in the middle of the bracket 8 during the movement of the mobile flat car 3, which may cause the mobile flat car 3 to collide, the front and rear ends of the mobile flat car 3 are respectively installed with distance measuring units 547 facing outward and tilted downward. The distance measuring unit 547 is a distance measuring sensor, and the signal of the distance measuring unit 547 is connected to the project host 7. The project host 7 is configured as follows: If the signal fed back by the distance measuring unit 547 indicates that an obstacle has occurred, the second motor 543 is controlled to stop moving and a preset alarm prompt is output.

[0044] Through the above settings, when the mobile flat car 3 encounters an obstacle during movement, the distance data detected by the ranging sensor changes, and the control motor 2 543 stops moving, so that the mobile flat car 3 stops and an alarm prompt is output, thereby preventing the mobile flat car 3 from colliding.

[0045] The above are all preferred embodiments of the present application, and the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Therefore, any equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape, and principle of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for drilling and blasting a water conveyance tunnel, comprising a drilling step, a detonation step and a slag removal step, characterized in that: The slag cleaning step comprises: S31, measuring the distance from the tunnel section to the preset slag unloading area outside the tunnel to obtain a distance value d1; S32, selecting a suitable number of prefabricated track modules according to the distance value d1; wherein a plurality of the track modules are spliced ​​together to form a transfer track (1); Pulling a prefabricated steel cable (2) along the transfer track (1); wherein the steel cable (2) is located above the transfer track (1) and is installed by providing a bracket (8); S33, installing a hoisting mechanism (4) in the slag unloading area, and installing a lifting mechanism (6) in front of the tunnel section, and the lifting height of the lifting mechanism (6) and the hoisting mechanism (4) is greater than the distance between the steel cable (2) and the transfer track (1); S34, placing suitable mobile flat cars (3) on the transfer track (1) and the steel cable (2) respectively; S35, the mobile flat car (3) moves along the transfer track (1) from the slag unloading area to a position close to the slag in front of the tunnel section, and returns to the slag unloading area after loading the slag; After the moving flat car (3) on the transfer track (1) leaves the position close to the tunnel section, another moving flat car (3) on the steel cable (2) is lowered to the position close to the tunnel section on the transfer track (1) by the lifting mechanism (6); After the mobile flat car (3) located on the transfer track (1) is emptied in the slag unloading area, the mobile flat car (3) is lifted onto the steel cable (2) by the lifting mechanism (4).

2. The method for drilling and blasting excavation of a water conveyance tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The slag cleaning step further comprises: An electromagnetic towing mechanism (5) is installed below the steel cable (2); After the hoisting mechanism (4) lifts the mobile flat car (3) onto the steel cable (2) and places it above the electromagnetic towing mechanism (5), the electromagnetic towing mechanism (5) drives the mobile flat car (3) to move along the steel cable (2) from the slag unloading area to the front of the tunnel section.

3. A water conveyance tunnel drilling and blasting system, characterized in that: include: A transfer track (1), comprising a plurality of track modules connected to each other and laid according to a distance value d1; wherein the distance value d1 is the distance from a tunnel section to a slag unloading area outside the tunnel; At least two steel cables (2) are installed above the transfer track (1) and extend along the transfer track (1); A mobile flat car (3), at least one of which is placed on the steel cable (2) and at least one of which is placed on the transfer track (1); A hoisting mechanism (4), which is installed in a preset slag unloading area and is used to hoist the mobile flat car (3) on the transfer track (1) onto the steel cable (2); An electromagnetic towing mechanism (5) is arranged below the steel cable (2) and is used to move the moving flat car (3) on the steel cable (2) along the steel cable (2) to the front of the tunnel section; a lifting mechanism (6) installed in front of the tunnel section and used to lower the moving flat car (3) on the steel cable (2) onto the transfer track (1); and, A project host (7), which is installed at the project site and data-connected to one or more of the mobile flat car (3), the electromagnetic towing mechanism (5), the hoisting mechanism (4), and the lifting mechanism (6); The project host (7) is configured to obtain a distance value d1 and calculate the number of track modules according to the distance value d1.

4. The water conveyance tunnel drilling and blasting excavation system according to claim 3, characterized in that: Any one of the steel cables (2) is matched with at least two brackets (8) and a winch (81), one of the brackets (8) being close to the tunnel section, and the other of the brackets (8) being located in the slag unloading area and having a winch (81) arranged on the side, the top of the bracket (8) being detachably connected to a guide (9), the end of the steel cable (2) close to the tunnel section forming a ring structure and the ring structure being sleeved on the guide (9), the steel cable (2) being overlapped on the guide (9) and the end away from the ring structure being wound on the winch (81).

5. The water conveyance tunnel drilling and blasting excavation system according to claim 4, characterized in that: A guide groove (31) is provided at the bottom of the movable flat car (3). The guide groove (31) extends along the length of the movable flat car (3) and has a spliced ​​structure of a trapezoid and a notched circle in an end view. The notched circle is above the trapezoid and the notch is directly opposite to the upper bottom of the trapezoid. The steel cable (2) is inserted into the notched circle. The guide (9) comprises a supporting column (91), a platform (92) and a bottom plate (93). The supporting column (91) is located above the bottom plate (93) and has a length less than the opening width of the guide groove (31). The upper end of the platform (92) is fixed to the lower part of the supporting column (91), and the lower end of the platform (92) is fixed to the bottom plate (93). The bottom plate (93) is detachably connected to the bracket (8), and the steel cable (2) is overlapped on the supporting column (91).

6. The water conveyance tunnel drilling and blasting excavation system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The electromagnetic towing mechanism (5) comprises a slider (51), an electromagnet (52) and a towing assembly. The towing assembly is arranged below the steel cable (2) and is used to tow the slider (51) to move along the extension direction of the steel cable (2). The electromagnet (52) is embedded in the slider (51). The electromagnet (52) is used to be close to the bottom of the mobile flat car (3) located above. The electromagnet (52) is data-connected to the project host (7).

7. The water conveyance tunnel drilling and blasting excavation system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The traction assembly comprises a guide plate (531), a motor (532), a rope drum (533) and a towing rope (534). The guide plate (531) is arranged below the steel cable (2). The guide plate (531) is non-magnetizable and has a middle groove along the length direction. The slider (51) is slidably connected to the middle groove and the upper part extends out of the middle groove and is embedded with a fixed electromagnet (52). The rope drum (533) is located at the end of the middle groove and is rotatably connected to the end of the guide plate (531). One end of the towing rope (534) is fixed to the rope drum (533) and the other end is fixed to a side of the slider (51) facing the tunnel section. The motor (532) is installed on the guide plate (531) and is used to drive the rope drum (533) to rotate. The motor (532) is data-connected to the project host (7).

8. The water conveyance tunnel drilling and blasting excavation system according to claim 7, characterized in that: A plurality of electromagnetic towing mechanisms (5) are installed below the steel cable (2); wherein the plurality of electromagnetic towing mechanisms (5) are arranged in an interval along the extension direction of the steel cable (2), and the first electromagnetic towing mechanism (5) is located in the slag unloading area; the main machine (7) of the project is configured as follows: Calculating the number of deployed electromagnetic towing mechanisms (5) according to the distance value d1, and calculating the movement amount of a single electromagnetic towing mechanism (5); Searching a database according to the movement amount to obtain a matching initial velocity of the moving flat car (3); wherein the database pre-records the data relationship between the movement amount and the initial velocity of the moving flat car (3); The initial speed of the moving carriage (3) is defined as the moving speed of the slider (51) when the electromagnet (52) is turned off; Determine the rotation speed of the motor 1 (532) in the stable stage after starting according to the movement speed of the slider (51), and control the motor 1 (532) according to the rotation speed; The dragging duration is calculated according to the moving speed of the slider (51) and the length of a preset dragging path of the electromagnetic dragging mechanism (5), and the electromagnet (52) is controlled to be turned off according to the dragging duration.

9. The water conveyance tunnel drilling and blasting excavation system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The traction assembly comprises a second hoist (82), a guide rope (542), two second motors (543) and two second towing ropes (544); the second hoist (82) is arranged on the side of a bracket (8) located in the slag unloading area; one end of the guide rope (542) is fixedly connected to the side of the bracket (8) located in front of the tunnel section, and the other end is fixedly connected to the second hoist (82); the slider (51) is slidably sleeved on the guide rope (542); the bracket (8) located in front of the tunnel section and the bracket (8) located in the slag unloading area are 8) The top center is rotatably connected to a guide wheel (545), one of the motors (543) is installed on a bracket (8) located in front of the tunnel section, and the other motor (543) is installed on a bracket (8) located in the slag unloading area, and a rope drum (546) is coaxially fixed to the output shaft of the motor (543), one end of the two towing ropes (544) are respectively fixedly connected to the side walls of the slider (51), and the end of the towing rope (544) away from the slider (51) is fixedly connected to the rope drum (546).

10. The water conveyance tunnel drilling and blasting system according to claim 9, characterized in that: The front and rear ends of the mobile flat car (3) are respectively equipped with distance measuring units (547) facing outward and tilted downward, and the distance measuring units (547) are connected to the project host (7) by signal. The project host (7) is configured as follows: If the signal fed back by the distance measuring unit (547) indicates that an obstacle has occurred, the second motor (543) is controlled to stop moving and a preset alarm prompt is output.

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