Moon base cross-moon-night multi-energy supply system based on carbon-hydrogen-oxygen element circulation

Abstract

The invention provides a moon base cross-moon-night multi-energy supply system based on carbon, hydrogen and oxygen element circulation, and belongs to the field of lunar base cold, heat and electric energy guarantee systems. The problem that the task requirement of an existing lunar base for an energy system, except for electric energy, cannot be met by cold energy and heat energy is solved. The system comprises a chemical heat storage subsystem, a gas turbine subsystem and an adsorption type refrigeration cycle subsystem, the chemical heat storage subsystem absorbs solar energy in the moon day, converts heat energy into chemical energy and stores the chemical energy, the gas turbine subsystem outputs electric energy through a turbine, and the adsorption type refrigeration cycle subsystem outputs cold energy through waste heat of the gas turbine subsystem. Cross-moon-night supply of cold and hot electric energy of the lunar base is achieved, meanwhile, the grade of energy is improved through the chemical heat storage technology, and the output capacity of power generation equipment is enhanced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of cold, heat and electric energy guarantee systems for lunar bases, and in particular relates to a multi-energy supply system for lunar bases across lunar nights based on carbon, hydrogen and oxygen element cycles. Background Art

[0002] Extraterrestrial space bases with the lunar base as the core will become the focus of future manned space activities and are an inevitable trend for China's space industry and deep space exploration. At present, countries around the world have formulated multiple lunar landing plans. The Artemis plan announced by the United States in 2019 stated that it would send astronauts to the moon and return safely before 2024, and establish a normalized residence mechanism at the same time. Institutions such as the European Space Agency, the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, and the Canadian National Space Agency participated. At present, the Orion spacecraft has completed the lunar flight mission. Russia announced its lunar landing plan in 2018, and it is expected to achieve its first lunar landing after 2030 and stay for 14 days. As early as 2004, my country announced the "Chang'e Project", which is divided into three stages: "unmanned lunar exploration", "manned lunar landing" and "establishing a lunar base". In 2020, Chang'e 5 will realize the collection of lunar samples, which will significantly improve my country's understanding of the lunar environment and in-situ resources, and further improve the reliability of future manned lunar landings. On this basis, it is planned to achieve manned lunar landing and establish an unmanned lunar research station in 2030, and also to establish a long-term manned lunar base in 2045.

[0003] At present, the primary problem is how astronauts can achieve a long stay at the lunar base. The energy system is crucial in the construction of a long-term manned lunar base. Compared with the power generation system of traditional spacecraft, the uniqueness of the moon includes: 1) The solar radiation is complex. Due to the low solar altitude angle (-1.5° to +1.5°) and the solar azimuth angle changes 360° in one earth month, the power supply mode of photovoltaic arrays is greatly affected by the lighting conditions, which becomes an obstacle to the application of photovoltaic cells on the moon; 2) The geographical conditions are complex. If the site is selected near the South Pole of the Moon, the existence of craters will cause the lunar surface to be uneven, making it difficult to construct lunar base buildings. At the same time, photovoltaic panels are easily blocked by the edge of the mountain, and the power generation capacity is weakened; 3) In order to realize the long lunar night operation of the lunar base in 14 Earth days, considering the constraints of transmission volume and weight between the Earth and the Moon, the traditional combination of solar cells and batteries can no longer meet the needs.

[0004] Therefore, it is urgent to start from the mission requirements of the lunar base for the energy system, adapt to local conditions, combine the existing mature energy systems on the ground, innovate the system architecture, and carry out necessary theoretical analysis. In addition to electrical energy, the demand for cold and heat energy cannot be met, and there is too little research on the combined supply of cold, heat and electricity for the lunar base. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of this, in order to solve the technical problems mentioned in the above background technology, the present invention proposes a multi-energy supply system for a lunar base across the moon night based on the carbon, hydrogen and oxygen element cycle. The present invention has two characteristics. First, it realizes the supply of cold, hot and electric energy for the lunar base across the moon night. Second, it uses chemical heat storage technology to improve the energy level and enhance the output capacity of power generation equipment.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: a multi-energy supply system for a lunar base across the lunar night based on the cycle of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen elements, comprising a chemical heat storage subsystem, a gas turbine subsystem and an adsorption refrigeration cycle subsystem, wherein the chemical heat storage subsystem absorbs solar energy during the lunar day, converts heat energy into chemical energy and stores it, the gas turbine subsystem outputs electrical energy through a turbine, and the adsorption refrigeration subsystem outputs cold energy using waste heat from the gas turbine subsystem;

[0007] The chemical heat storage subsystem includes a dish-type heat collector and a reduction reaction chamber. The dish-type heat collector supplies heat from the solar heat source to the reduction reaction chamber. The methane and water vapor produced by fermentation in the lunar base life support cabin are transported to the reduction reaction chamber. Under the action of the solar heat source, a methane reforming reaction and a hydrogen reduction reaction of the oxygen carrier occur, and the heat is stored in the reduction reaction chamber.

[0008] The gas turbine subsystem includes a gas reaction chamber, a turbine, a regenerator and a compressor. The circulating working medium is air. The air generated in the life support cabin of the lunar base is pressurized by the compressor and enters the gas reaction chamber for oxidation reaction. The gas reaction chamber is then connected to the turbine and the regenerator in sequence. The solid product oxygen carrier after the reaction is sent back to the reduction reaction chamber to absorb heat again.

[0009] The adsorption refrigeration cycle subsystem includes an absorber, a generator, an evaporator and a radiator. The absorber, generator, radiator and evaporator are connected end to end, and the generator is connected to the heat exchanger and the life support cabin of the lunar base in sequence.

[0010] Furthermore, the dish-type collector is a solar energy reflection structure, including an arc structure and a base, and the arc structure is installed on the base to reflect sunlight.

[0011] Furthermore, a plurality of oxygen carriers are arranged in the reduction reaction chamber, and the reaction temperature is 450°C.

[0012] Furthermore, a plurality of reduced oxygen carriers are arranged in the gas reaction chamber, and the reduced oxygen carriers undergo a highly exothermic oxidation reaction at a reaction temperature of 900°C.

[0013] Furthermore, the adsorbent is located in the absorber and the generator, and the refrigerant flows in the entire adsorption refrigeration cycle subsystem.

[0014] Furthermore, in the absorber, the adsorbent adsorbs the refrigerant; when the system needs to start the refrigeration cycle, the generator is heated, the adsorbent temperature rises, causing the adsorption equilibrium to be broken, and the adsorbent begins to desorb the refrigerant; when the refrigerant vapor enters the radiator, through radiation heat dissipation to deep space, the refrigerant vapor releases heat, the temperature drops, and after reaching a saturated state, it begins to condense into liquid; the evaporator is where the refrigeration system generates cold energy, and the liquid refrigerant absorbs heat and vaporizes in the evaporator, thereby achieving a refrigeration effect.

[0015] Furthermore, after the adsorption refrigeration cycle subsystem absorbs heat, the heat energy is output through the heat exchanger, and the final exhaust gas is input into the life support module of the lunar base.

[0016] Furthermore, the adsorption refrigeration subsystem uses a porous medium formed by sintered lunar soil as an adsorbent and water as a refrigerant.

[0017] Furthermore, the radiator is a heat pipe type radiator, which uses the heat pipe to achieve rapid transfer of heat from the high-temperature fluid to the radiation surface.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the multi-energy supply system for lunar bases across the moonlight night based on carbon, hydrogen and oxygen element cycles described in the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0019] (1) The present invention adopts chemical heat storage technology, which effectively solves the problem of no light on moonlit nights and fluctuating heat sources during the moon's day.

[0020] (2) The chemical reaction in the reaction chamber of the present invention effectively increases the gas temperature and enhances the working capacity of the gas turbine.

[0021] (3) The present invention uses chemical heat storage technology, gas turbine power generation technology and adsorption refrigeration technology to realize the supply of cold, hot and electric energy for the lunar base. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] The accompanying drawings constituting a part of the present invention are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings:

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the multi-energy supply system for the lunar base across the lunar night based on the carbon, hydrogen and oxygen element cycle of the present invention;

[0024] In the figure: dish collector 1, reduction reaction chamber 2, gas reaction chamber 3, regenerator 4, turbine 5, compressor 6, motor 7, absorber 8, generator 9, radiator 10, evaporator 11, heat exchanger 12, lunar base life support module 13, oxygen carrier 14, reduced oxygen carrier 15. Specific implementation methods

[0026] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely explain the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that the embodiments of the present invention and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict, and the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments.

[0027] For the lunar base, the energy supply system is undoubtedly the top priority, and the production of any material is closely linked to electricity. Megawatt-level energy needs need to be met with the help of thermal power generation systems. In addition, adsorption refrigeration technology can quickly transfer heat from the cabin of the lunar base. With these two systems, the cooling, heating and electricity needs of the lunar base can be met. Moreover, in view of the lack of light on the moonlit night and the fluctuating characteristics of solar energy, the use of chemical heat storage technology can effectively solve this problem. In the future construction of the lunar base energy system, by improving energy utilization efficiency and security capabilities, solid support will be provided for human activities on the moon.

[0028] Combine the following Figure 1 This patent is further explained with specific examples:

[0029] A multi-energy supply system for a lunar base across the lunar night based on the cycle of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen elements, including a chemical heat storage subsystem, a gas turbine subsystem and an adsorption refrigeration cycle subsystem. The chemical heat storage subsystem absorbs solar energy during the lunar day, converts thermal energy into chemical energy and stores it. The gas turbine subsystem outputs electrical energy through a turbine. The adsorption refrigeration subsystem outputs cold energy using the waste heat of the gas turbine subsystem. The present invention can effectively realize the supply of cold energy, heat energy and electric energy on the moon through the organic combination of the three subsystems, mainly solving the energy supply difficulties caused by the heat source in the lunar temperature change zone and the lack of light on the moon night.

[0030] The chemical heat storage subsystem consists of a dish-type heat collector 1 and a reduction reaction chamber 2. The dish-type heat collector 1 is a solar energy reflective structure. The chemical heat storage subsystem uses the methane and water vapor produced by the fermentation of the lunar base life support module 13 to undergo a methane reforming reaction and a hydrogen reduction reaction of the oxygen carrier under the action of the solar heat source, and stores the heat into the oxygen carrier 14 in the reduction reaction chamber 2. The reaction temperature is about 450°C, thereby achieving the effect of chemical heat storage.

[0031] The chemical heat storage subsystem is a system that converts thermal energy into chemical energy storage, which solves the problem of fluctuations in solar energy and insufficient energy. In addition, the 450°C solar heat source is upgraded to a 900°C chemical energy heat source, which greatly improves the energy level and significantly enhances the work capacity of power generation equipment, solving the high-power energy demand of the lunar base.

[0032] In order to cope with the problem of long periods of no light on moonlit nights, part of the solid fuel produced by the reduction reaction chamber 2 is used for energy supply during the moonlit day, and the other part is stored to meet the energy supply needs on moonlit nights.

[0033] The gas turbine subsystem consists of a gas reaction chamber 3, a turbine 5, a regenerator 4 and a compressor 6, and the circulating working medium is air. First, a large amount of air is generated in the lunar base life support cabin 13. After being pressurized by the compressor 6, it enters the gas reaction chamber 3 and undergoes a highly exothermic oxidation reaction with the reduced oxygen carrier 15 inside. The reaction temperature is 900°C, and the air temperature is greatly increased to become a high-temperature and high-pressure gas. Under the action of the turbine 5, it expands and works to output electrical energy, and the regenerator 4 is used to increase the compressor outlet temperature and increase energy utilization. The solid product oxygen carrier after the reaction is mechanically pushed back to the reduction reaction chamber 2 to absorb heat again.

[0034] The compressor 6, turbine 5 and motor 7 of the gas turbine subsystem are coaxially designed, that is, a three-in-one design concept is adopted to reduce the space volume.

[0035] The adsorption refrigeration cycle subsystem is composed of an absorber 8, a generator 9, a radiator 10 and an evaporator 11. The adsorbent is located in the absorber 8 and the generator 9, and the refrigerant flows in the entire refrigeration cycle.

[0036] In the absorber 8, the adsorbent absorbs the refrigerant; when the system needs to start the refrigeration cycle, the generator 9 is heated, the adsorbent temperature rises, causing the adsorption equilibrium to be broken, and the adsorbent begins to desorb the refrigerant; when the refrigerant vapor enters the radiator 10, the refrigerant vapor releases heat through radiation heat dissipation in deep space, the temperature drops, and it begins to condense into liquid after reaching a saturated state; the evaporator 11 is where the refrigeration system generates cold energy, and the liquid refrigerant absorbs heat and vaporizes in the evaporator 11, thereby achieving a refrigeration effect. After absorbing heat in the adsorption refrigeration cycle subsystem, heat energy is output under the action of the heat exchanger 12, and the final exhaust gas is input into the lunar base life support cabin 13, and the internal plants are used to realize the circulation of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen elements.

[0037] The adsorption refrigeration subsystem uses a porous medium formed by sintering lunar soil as an adsorbent and water as a refrigerant. The sintering process can change the physical structure of the lunar soil, forming a rich pore structure with a large specific surface area and a suitable pore structure. These pores can provide attachment sites and transmission channels for adsorbed substances, increasing the adsorption capacity of the adsorbent for the target substance.

[0038] The radiator 10 in the adsorption refrigeration subsystem is a heat pipe type radiator, which uses the heat pipe to achieve rapid heat transfer from the high-temperature fluid to the radiation surface.

[0039] The methane in the life support module 13 of the lunar base is formed by the conversion of organic matter by microorganisms, and belongs to the in-situ resource of the lunar base, while realizing the recycling of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen elements.

[0040] The embodiments of the present invention disclosed above are only used to help illustrate the present invention. The embodiments do not describe all the details in detail, nor do they limit the invention to the specific implementation methods described. According to the content of this specification, many modifications and changes can be made. This specification selects and specifically describes these embodiments in order to better explain the principles and practical applications of the present invention, so that those skilled in the art can understand and use the present invention well.

Claims

1. A multi-energy supply system for lunar bases across lunar nights based on carbon, hydrogen and oxygen element cycles, characterized by: It comprises a chemical heat storage subsystem, a gas turbine subsystem and an adsorption refrigeration cycle subsystem, wherein the chemical heat storage subsystem absorbs solar energy during the lunar day, converts the heat energy into chemical energy and stores it, the gas turbine subsystem outputs electrical energy through a turbine (5), and the adsorption refrigeration subsystem outputs cold energy using the waste heat of the gas turbine subsystem; The chemical heat storage subsystem comprises a dish-type heat collector (1) and a reduction reaction chamber (2); the dish-type heat collector (1) supplies heat from a solar heat source to the reduction reaction chamber (2); methane and water vapor produced by fermentation in a lunar base life support module (13) are transported to the reduction reaction chamber (2); under the action of the solar heat source, a methane reforming reaction and a hydrogen reduction reaction of an oxygen carrier occur, and heat is stored in the reduction reaction chamber (2); The gas turbine subsystem comprises a gas reaction chamber (3), a turbine (5), a regenerator (4) and a compressor (6); the circulating working medium is air; the air generated in the lunar base life support cabin (13) is pressurized by the compressor (6) and then enters the gas reaction chamber (3) to undergo an oxidation reaction; then the gas reaction chamber (3) is sequentially connected to the turbine (5) and the regenerator (4); the solid product oxygen carrier after the reaction is sent back to the reduction reaction chamber (2) to absorb heat again; The adsorption refrigeration cycle subsystem comprises an absorber (8), a generator (9), an evaporator (11) and a radiator (10); the absorber (8), the generator (9), the radiator (10) and the evaporator (11) are connected end to end; and the generator (9) is connected in sequence to a heat exchanger (12) and a lunar base life support cabin (13).

2. The multi-energy supply system for lunar bases across the moonlight night based on carbon, hydrogen and oxygen element cycles according to claim 1 is characterized by: The dish-type heat collector (1) is a solar energy reflection structure, comprising an arc-shaped structure and a base, wherein the arc-shaped structure is installed on the base to reflect sunlight.

3. The multi-energy supply system for lunar bases across the moonlight night based on carbon, hydrogen and oxygen element cycles according to claim 1 is characterized by: A plurality of oxygen carriers (14) are arranged in the reduction reaction chamber (2), and the reaction temperature is 450°C.

4. The multi-energy supply system for lunar bases across lunar nights based on carbon, hydrogen and oxygen element cycles according to claim 1 is characterized by: A plurality of reduced oxygen carriers (15) are arranged in the gas reaction chamber (3), and the reduced oxygen carriers (15) undergo a highly exothermic oxidation reaction at a reaction temperature of 900°C.

5. The multi-energy supply system for lunar bases across lunar nights based on carbon, hydrogen and oxygen element cycles according to claim 1 is characterized by: The adsorbent is located in the absorber (8) and the generator (9), and the refrigerant flows in the entire adsorption refrigeration cycle subsystem.

6. The multi-energy supply system for lunar bases across the moonlight night based on carbon, hydrogen and oxygen element cycles according to claim 5 is characterized by: In the absorber (8), the adsorbent adsorbs the refrigerant; When the system needs to start the refrigeration cycle, the generator (9) is heated, the adsorbent temperature rises, causing the adsorption equilibrium to be broken, and the adsorbent begins to desorb the refrigerant; when the refrigerant vapor enters the radiator (10), it releases heat through radiation heat dissipation to deep space, the refrigerant vapor decreases in temperature, and begins to condense into liquid after reaching a saturated state; the evaporator (11) is where the refrigeration system generates cold energy, and the liquid refrigerant absorbs heat in the evaporator and vaporizes, thereby achieving a refrigeration effect.

7. The multi-energy supply system for lunar bases across the moonlight night based on carbon, hydrogen and oxygen element cycles according to claim 6 is characterized by: After being absorbed by the adsorption refrigeration cycle subsystem, the heat energy is outputted under the action of the heat exchanger (12), and the final exhaust gas is input into the lunar base life support cabin (13).

8. The multi-energy supply system for lunar bases across the moonlight night based on carbon, hydrogen and oxygen element cycles according to claim 1, 6 or 7, characterized in that: The adsorption refrigeration subsystem uses a porous medium formed by sintered lunar soil as an adsorbent and water as a refrigerant.

9. The multi-energy supply system for lunar bases across the moon night based on carbon, hydrogen and oxygen element cycles according to claim 1, 6 or 7, characterized in that: The radiator (10) is a heat pipe type radiator, which uses the heat pipe to achieve rapid transfer of heat from the high-temperature fluid to the radiation surface.

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