Fire extinguishing system and method based on ship closed energy storage device

Abstract

The invention discloses a fire extinguishing system and method based on a ship closed energy storage device. The fire extinguishing system comprises a flue gas collection system, an ammonia decomposition fire extinguishing system, a seawater circulation fire extinguishing system, a fuel cell, an energy storage device and the like. The ammonia gas is decomposed by utilizing the temperature in the fire, and N2 in the decomposed gas is connected with a pressure gauge to provide injection pressure and raw materials for a fire extinguishing system; h2 in the decomposed gas is supplied with power through a fuel cell, and unconsumed power is stored in an energy storage device; cO in the flue gas enters a catalytic reactor, and the flue gas and CO2 in the catalytic reactor enter a fire extinguishing system to serve as raw materials to extinguish fire; the seawater enters a solid-liquid separation device to be separated, and separated sodium chloride serves as a raw material of the dry powder fire extinguisher; and the separated water is introduced into the heat-insulating cooling water curtain. According to the invention, effective fire extinguishing when a fire occurs can be ensured, zero carbon emission of fire pollutants is realized, nitrogen oxides generated by ammonia gas are efficiently utilized, and cyclic utilization of energy and sustainable development of resources are realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a fire extinguishing system and method based on a closed energy storage device of a ship, belonging to the technical field of fire extinguishing systems. Background Art

[0002] Ammonia, like LNG, is a liquefied gas fuel. It is a carbon-free molecule, so no carbon dioxide is emitted during combustion, and ammonia does not contain carbon and sulfur compounds, which prevents soot and SO x Ammonia is therefore proposed as a cleaner industrial fuel, including applications in power generation and shipping, provided that the emissions of nitrogen oxides (NO2) produced during the combustion process are removed. In addition, ammonia has many important applications. First, it is an important raw material for the production of fertilizers, as ammonia can react with carbon dioxide to produce nitrogen fertilizers such as urea. In addition, ammonia is widely used in freezing and refrigeration in industrial processes. Due to its good thermal conductivity and low-temperature evaporation properties, ammonia is used as a coolant and refrigerant. In addition to the above applications, ammonia is also used as an intermediate for the synthesis of certain chemical products, such as synthetic fibers and dyes. In addition, ammonia is used as a cleaning agent and deodorant, and is used in certain welding and metal surface treatment processes.

[0003] Fires not only cause economic losses to people, but also cause serious damage to the energy supply system. Fires can easily cause short circuits in power lines, burning of equipment, and other situations, leading to power supply interruptions. Once a fire occurs, it may damage transformers, transmission lines, and power generation equipment, causing large-scale power outages, and causing immeasurable economic losses to the power supply system and users. Fires can also damage water sources and water treatment equipment, leading to water supply interruptions. Firefighting activities at the fire scene require a large amount of water, which may lead to insufficient water supply in nearby areas. If the supply cannot be restored for a long time, it will cause serious problems in life and production. The high temperature, smoke, and water used in the fire extinguishing process can damage energy equipment. Power equipment, oil and gas pipelines, etc. may be burned, corroded, or even completely burned, causing the supply system to be unable to operate normally, which not only requires expensive repairs and replacements, but also causes the death of people trapped in the sea of ​​fire. Summary of the invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a fire extinguishing system and method based on a closed energy storage device of a ship.

[0005] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] A fire extinguishing system based on a closed energy storage device for ships, comprising:

[0007] A flue gas collection system, including a filter for separating flue gas, a catalytic reactor for collecting CO in the flue gas to react and generate N2 and CO2, and a fire extinguishing device for collecting CO2 in the flue gas and CO2 obtained by the reaction of the catalytic reactor and using it as a fire extinguishing material;

[0008] An ammonia decomposition fire extinguishing system, comprising a gas storage tank connected to ammonia, a gas decomposition furnace for decomposing the ammonia in the gas storage tank into H2, NO, and N2, a gas separator for separating the gas generated by the gas decomposition furnace, and a pressure device for collecting N2 obtained by the reaction of the catalytic reactor and N2 separated by the gas separator and using them as raw materials for the fire extinguishing device and providing pressure;

[0009] The seawater circulation fire extinguishing system includes a solid-liquid separation device for separating seawater into sodium chloride and water, a dry powder fire extinguisher for using sodium chloride as a fire extinguishing raw material, and a heat-insulating and cooling water curtain for using water for heat insulation and cooling;

[0010] A fuel cell for using the H2 separated by the gas separator for power supply;

[0011] An energy storage device used to store electricity not consumed by fuel cells and use it to supply electricity.

[0012] Preferably, the CO2 separated by the filter is connected to the fire extinguishing device through a mass flow meter; the outlet end of the catalytic reactor is also provided with a mass flow meter.

[0013] Preferably, the NO separated by the gas separator is connected to a catalytic reactor for reacting CO to generate N2 and CO2.

[0014] Preferably, the ammonia decomposition fire extinguishing system further comprises a nitrogen generator for purifying N2 obtained from the reaction in the catalytic reactor and N2 separated by the gas separator.

[0015] Preferably, the press is a positive displacement compressor, a reciprocating compressor or a centrifugal compressor.

[0016] Preferably, the seawater circulation fire extinguishing system further comprises a sodium chloride storage tank for storing sodium chloride, and the sodium chloride storage tank is connected to the dry powder fire extinguisher.

[0017] Preferably, the seawater circulation fire extinguishing system further comprises an energy storage water tank for storing water, and the energy storage water tank is connected to the heat-insulating and cooling water curtain.

[0018] Preferably, the power supply for the pressure vessel, the heat-insulating cooling water curtain, the dry powder fire extinguisher and the fire-extinguishing device is provided by an energy storage device.

[0019] Preferably, the fire extinguishing system is a total flooding fire extinguishing system or a local application fire extinguishing system.

[0020] The present invention also provides a fire extinguishing method based on a closed energy storage device of a ship. The fire extinguishing system based on a closed energy storage device of a ship is used. Ammonia is first stored in a gas storage tank, and the ammonia is decomposed by a gas decomposition furnace using the temperature in the fire. The decomposed gas is separated by a gas separator; N2 separated by the gas separator is connected to a pressure device to provide injection pressure and raw materials for a fire extinguishing device, which is used to extinguish the fire of the energy storage device in the closed space of the fire; H2 separated by the gas separator is powered by a fuel cell, and the unconsumed electricity is finally stored in the energy storage device;

[0021] The flue gas is filtered through a filter, and the CO obtained by filtration enters a catalytic reactor to generate N2 and CO2. The CO2 obtained by filtration and the CO2 generated by the catalytic reactor both enter a fire extinguishing device as raw materials for fire extinguishing;

[0022] The seawater enters the solid-liquid separation device for separation. The separated sodium chloride is used as the raw material of the dry powder fire extinguisher to extinguish conventional fires; the separated water is passed into the heat-insulating cooling water curtain.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0024] 1. The fire extinguishing system of the present invention includes two functions. On the one hand, it can fully utilize the effect of seawater to achieve conventional fire extinguishing; on the other hand, the inert gas fire extinguishing system can effectively extinguish the fire of the energy storage device in a confined space.

[0025] 2. The fire extinguishing system of the present invention converts unfavorable factors in a fire into favorable factors. For example, the high temperature generated by the fire helps to decompose ammonia, and N2 can be used as a fire extinguishing material. The pressure can also be increased to accelerate the injection of the fire extinguishing system. The greenhouse gas CO2 can be processed and used as a fire extinguishing material in the energy system. The combustible gas CO can be decomposed with ammonia to produce nitrogen oxides to produce CO2 and N2 for recycling.

[0026] 3. Seawater fire extinguishing technology, on the one hand, uses the water in the seawater as a heat-insulating and cooling water curtain, and on the other hand, the separated sodium chloride can be used as the raw material of the dry powder fire extinguisher.

[0027] 4. The ammonia decomposition fire extinguishing system, smoke collection system and seawater circulation fire extinguishing system are combined to achieve efficient fire extinguishing in confined spaces and full utilization of marine resources. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a fire extinguishing system based on a closed energy storage device for ships provided by the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] In order to make the present invention more clearly understood, preferred embodiments are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0030] Example

[0031] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a fire extinguishing system based on a closed energy storage device for ships, which includes an ammonia decomposition fire extinguishing system, a smoke collection system, a seawater circulation fire extinguishing system, a fuel cell 15, and an energy storage device 16 for storing the unconsumed electricity of the fuel cell 15 and using it for power supply.

[0032] The flue gas collection system includes a filter 1 for separating flue gas. The CO2 separated by the filter 1 is connected to a fire extinguishing device 13 through a mass flow meter 8. The CO separated by the filter 1 enters a catalytic reactor 9 to react to generate N2 and CO2. The catalytic reactor 9 reacts to obtain N2 and CO2. The outlet of the catalytic reactor 9 is connected to a mass flow meter 8. N2 is passed into a nitrogen generator 11 for purification. The fire extinguishing device 13 uses CO2 as a fire extinguishing raw material.

[0033] The ammonia decomposition fire extinguishing system comprises a gas storage tank 2 connected with ammonia, a gas decomposition furnace 5 for decomposing ammonia in the gas storage tank 2 into H2, NO, and N2, and a gas separator 10 for separating the gas generated by the gas decomposition furnace 5. The N2 separated by the gas separator 10 reacts with the N2 obtained by the catalytic reactor 9 and is purified by a nitrogen generator 11 and then passes through a mass flow meter 8 and then enters a pressure device 14. At the outlet of the pressure device 14, the pressure device 14 uses N2 as a raw material for the fire extinguishing device 13 and provides pressure for the fire extinguishing device 13; the NO separated by the gas separator 10 is connected with the catalytic reactor 9 to react with CO to generate N2 and CO2; the H2 separated by the gas separator 10 enters a fuel cell 15 to supply power to it. The press 14 is a positive displacement compressor, a reciprocating compressor, or a centrifugal compressor.

[0034] The seawater circulation fire extinguishing system includes a solid-liquid separation device 3 for separating seawater into sodium chloride and water. The separated sodium chloride enters the sodium chloride storage tank 6 for storage, and the separated water enters the energy storage water tank 4 for storage. The sodium chloride storage tank 6 is connected to the dry powder fire extinguisher 12, and the dry powder fire extinguisher 12 uses sodium chloride as a fire extinguishing raw material. The energy storage water tank 4 is connected to the heat insulation and cooling water curtain 7 for heat insulation and cooling.

[0035] The power supply of the pressure device 14, the heat-insulating cooling water curtain 7, the dry powder fire extinguisher 12, and the fire extinguishing device 13 is provided by the energy storage device 16. Preferably, the dry powder fire extinguisher 12 and the fire extinguishing system 13 can be arranged in the energy storage device 16, serving and relying on the energy storage device 16, and the energy storage device provides energy for the dry powder fire extinguisher 12 and the fire extinguishing system 13. At the same time, when a fire occurs in the energy storage device 16, the dry powder fire extinguisher 12 and the fire extinguishing system 13 can act on the energy storage device 16.

[0036] The above fire extinguishing system is a total flooding fire extinguishing system or a local application fire extinguishing system.

[0037] Fire extinguishing method based on closed energy storage system of ship: NH3 is first stored in gas storage tank 2, and NH3 is decomposed by gas decomposition furnace 5 using high temperature in fire to obtain H2, N2, NO and other gases, and several gases are separated by gas separator 10, N2 is purified by nitrogen generator 11, enters mass flow meter 8 to control gas flow rate, and then connected to pressure device 14 to provide injection pressure and raw materials for the pressure of fire extinguishing device 13, which is used to extinguish the fire of energy storage device in the closed space of fire. The power supply of pressure device 14 is provided by energy storage device 16. Smoke is filtered through filter 1 to obtain gases such as CO and CO2, CO enters catalytic reactor 9 to generate N2 and CO2, N2 enters nitrogen generator 11, and the CO2 obtained by filtration and the CO2 obtained by catalytic reaction both enter the fire extinguishing device 13 as raw materials for fire extinguishing. The H2 separated by the gas separator 10 is powered by fuel cell 15, and the unconsumed electricity is finally stored in energy storage device 16 for use by the whole ship. Seawater enters the solid-liquid separation device 3 to separate sodium chloride and water. Sodium chloride is used as the raw material of the dry powder fire extinguisher 12 to extinguish conventional fires. Water enters the energy storage water tank 4 and then passes into the thermal insulation and cooling water curtain 7. The power supply of the thermal insulation and cooling water curtain 7 is supplied by the energy storage device.

Claims

1. A fire extinguishing system based on a closed energy storage device for ships, characterized in that: include: A flue gas collection system, comprising a filter (1) for separating flue gas, a catalytic reactor (9) for collecting CO in the flue gas and reacting it to generate N2 and CO2, and a fire extinguishing device (13) for collecting CO2 in the flue gas and the CO2 obtained by the reaction of the catalytic reactor (9) and using it as a fire extinguishing material; An ammonia decomposition fire extinguishing system comprises a gas storage tank (2) connected to ammonia, a gas decomposition furnace (5) for decomposing the ammonia in the gas storage tank (2) into H2, NO, and N2, a gas separator (10) for separating the gas generated by the gas decomposition furnace (5), and a pressure device (14) for collecting N2 obtained by a reaction in a catalytic reactor (9) and N2 separated by the gas separator (10) and using them as raw materials for a fire extinguishing device (13) and providing a pressure relief device (14); A seawater circulation fire extinguishing system, comprising a solid-liquid separation device (3) for separating seawater into sodium chloride and water, a dry powder fire extinguisher (12) for using sodium chloride as a fire extinguishing raw material, and a heat-insulating and cooling water curtain (7) for using water for heat insulation and cooling; A fuel cell (15) for using the H2 separated by the gas separator (10) for power supply; An energy storage device (16) is used to store electricity not consumed by a fuel cell (15) and use it for power supply.

2. The fire extinguishing system based on the closed energy storage device of a ship according to claim 1, characterized in that: The CO2 separated by the filter (1) is connected to the fire extinguishing device (13) through a mass flow meter (8); the outlet end of the catalytic reactor (9) is also provided with a mass flow meter (8).

3. The fire extinguishing system based on the closed energy storage device of a ship according to claim 1, characterized in that: The NO separated by the gas separator (10) is connected to the catalytic reactor (9) to react with CO to generate N2 and CO2.

4. The fire extinguishing system based on the closed energy storage device of a ship according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ammonia decomposition fire extinguishing system also includes a nitrogen generator (11) for purifying N2 obtained by the reaction in the catalytic reactor (9) and N2 separated by the gas separator (10).

5. The fire extinguishing system based on the closed energy storage device for ships according to claim 1, characterized in that: The press (14) is a positive displacement compressor, a reciprocating compressor or a centrifugal compressor.

6. The fire extinguishing system based on the closed energy storage device of a ship according to claim 1, characterized in that: The seawater circulation fire extinguishing system further comprises a sodium chloride storage tank (6) for storing sodium chloride, and the sodium chloride storage tank (6) is connected to the dry powder fire extinguisher (12).

7. The fire extinguishing system based on the closed energy storage device for ships according to claim 1, characterized in that: The seawater circulation fire extinguishing system further comprises an energy storage water tank (4) for storing water, and the energy storage water tank (4) is connected to the heat insulation and cooling water curtain (7).

8. The fire extinguishing system based on the closed energy storage device for ships according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power supply of the pressure device (14), the heat-insulating cooling water curtain (7), the dry powder fire extinguisher (12), and the fire extinguishing device (13) is provided by the energy storage device (16).

9. The fire extinguishing system based on the closed energy storage device for ships according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The fire extinguishing system is a total flooding fire extinguishing system or a local application fire extinguishing system.

10. A fire extinguishing method based on a closed energy storage device for ships, characterized in that: A fire extinguishing system based on a closed energy storage device for ships as described in any one of claims 1 to 9 is adopted, wherein ammonia is first stored in a gas storage tank (2), and the ammonia is decomposed by a gas decomposition furnace (5) using the temperature in a fire, and the decomposed gas is separated by a gas separator (10); N2 separated by the gas separator (10) is connected to a pressure device (14) to provide injection pressure and raw materials for a fire extinguishing device (13) for extinguishing a fire in an energy storage device in a closed space of a fire; H2 separated by the gas separator (10) is powered by a fuel cell (15), and the unconsumed electricity is finally stored in an energy storage device (16); The flue gas is filtered through a filter (1), and the CO obtained by filtration enters a catalytic reactor (9) to generate N2 and CO2. The CO2 obtained by filtration and the CO2 generated by the catalytic reactor (9) both enter a fire extinguishing device (13) as raw materials for extinguishing fire; The seawater enters the solid-liquid separation device (3) for separation, and the separated sodium chloride is used as the raw material of the dry powder fire extinguisher (12) for extinguishing conventional fires; the separated water is passed into the heat-insulating cooling water curtain (7).

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