Forging and pressing device and method for AT steel rail heel end

Abstract

The invention discloses a forging and pressing device and method for an AT steel rail heel end, and belongs to the technical field of turnouts. The method comprises the steps that a heated heel end is placed on a workbench, a pre-forging die moves to a machining station, a small rail bottom plate and a large rail bottom plate move to the front and the rear of the machining station respectively, a forging press works, and a V-shaped extrusion cavity extrudes a rail waist movable die; the rail web loose piece die moves backwards, and the finish forging die moves to a machining position; the small rail bottom plate is forged and pressed from back to front; after forging and pressing are completed, the small rail bottom plate returns to the initial position, the large rail bottom plate moves to the machining position, and forging and pressing forming are conducted; the heel end heated again is placed on a workbench, a small rail bottom plate and a large rail bottom plate are located in front of and behind a machining station, a forging press works, and a V-shaped extrusion cavity extrudes a rail web movable die; the small rail bottom plate is forged and pressed from back to front; and after forging is completed, the small rail bottom plate returns to the initial position, the large rail bottom plate moves to the machining position, and forging forming is conducted. The large rail bottom plate and the small rail bottom plate can be automatically and manually controlled.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of turnouts, and in particular relates to a forging device and a forging method for an AT rail heel end. Background Art

[0002] The existing heel-end pressing die adopts the two-station compound extrusion die form which has been maturely used in China for many years, and it is mainly divided into the pre-forging station and the final forging station.

[0003] For example, the patent with application number CN202220769577.9 discloses a special-shaped rail forging rail waist movable block die, including a pre-forging station and a final forging station matched at the front and rear ends of the die changing frame; the pre-forging station and the final forging station are each composed of at least one pair of rail waist forging units that are longitudinally parallel and symmetrically arranged, and each of the rail waist forging units includes a rail waist movable die, a front adjusting rod, a rear adjusting rod, a front die handle and a rear die handle; one end of the front adjusting rod is matched and installed on the front end of the rail waist movable die, and the other end is matched and installed with an adjustment screw; one end of the rear adjusting rod is matched and installed on the rear end of the rail waist movable die, and the other end is also matched and installed with an adjustment screw; the front adjusting rod and the rear adjusting rod are both hexagonal screw structures made of hot-rolled hexagonal steel; the adjustment screw is made of With hexagon head screw; the rail waist forging unit also includes a three-phase pin; the three-phase pin includes a front three-phase pin and a rear three-phase pin; one end of the front three-phase pin is matched and connected with one end of the front die handle, and the other end of the front three-phase pin is matched and inserted with the adjustment screw installed at the other end of the front adjustment rod; one end of the rear three-phase pin is matched and connected with one end of the rear die handle, and the other end of the rear three-phase pin is matched and inserted with the adjustment screw at the other end of the rear adjustment rod; the other ends of the front die handle and the rear die handle are matched and fixed on the die changing frame; a first die adjustment ring is matched and sleeved on the screw rod of the adjustment screw located between the rear adjustment rod and the rear three-phase pin; another first die adjustment ring is matched and sleeved on the screw rod of the adjustment screw located between the front adjustment rod and the front three-phase pin; a second die adjustment ring is matched and nested at the connection between one end of the front adjustment rod and the front end of the rail waist movable die; another second die adjustment ring is matched and nested at the connection between one end of the rear adjustment rod and the rear end of the rail waist movable die.

[0004] For example, the patent with application number CN202121516704.6 discloses a mold cleaning device for optimizing the AT rail heel end pressing process, including a carrying platform, a pressing process equipment is movably installed on the top of the carrying platform, a telescopic groove is opened on the top of the carrying platform, a telescopic air pipe is inserted into the top of the carrying platform, and limiting sliding rods are fixedly installed on the left and right sides of the inner wall of the telescopic groove, and a baffle is slidably connected to the surface of the limiting sliding rod, and the inner wall of the baffle is movably connected to the limiting sliding rod through a spring, and the front and rear sides of the inner wall of the carrying platform are fixedly connected by two slide rails, and a sliding air pipe is slidably connected to the surface of the two slide rails, and the top of the sliding air pipe extends to the interior of the telescopic air pipe and is connected to the telescopic air pipe. The inner wall of the contraction air pipe is slidably connected, and two rotating shafts and a transmission B are movably installed on the top of the inner wall of the sliding air pipe. A cleaning roller and a transmission wheel A are sleeved on the surface of the rotating shaft. The transmission wheel B is connected to the two transmission wheels A through a transmission belt. A wind wheel is fixedly installed on the bottom of the transmission wheel B. A pushing concave block is fixedly installed on the rear surface of the telescopic air pipe. An air blowing pump is fixedly installed on the bottom of the inner wall of the bearing platform. The output end of the air blowing pump is fixedly connected with a connecting air pipe A and a connecting air pipe B. The other end of the connecting air pipe B is movably connected to the front surface of the telescopic air pipe, and the other end of the connecting air pipe A is fixedly connected to the bottom of the sliding air pipe.

[0005] The existing forging device for the heel end of AT rails includes a forging machine, a workbench directly below the forging machine, a rail waist block die on the workbench, and a forging die on the pressure head of the forging machine, etc. The rail waist block die includes a final forging die and a pre-forging die arranged side by side in front and back, and the forging die includes a V-shaped extrusion cavity matched with the rail waist block die and a small rail bottom plate and a large rail bottom plate at the top of the V-shaped extrusion cavity. The large rail bottom plate and the small rail bottom plate are arranged at intervals in front and back and can move forward and backward. In the prior art, two operators are usually required to pull the large rail bottom plate and the small rail bottom plate by a pull rod, which is not only time-consuming and labor-intensive, but also has high requirements for operators. Summary of the invention

[0006] The embodiment of the present invention provides a forging device and forging method for the heel end of an AT rail, which can automatically or manually operate the small rail bottom plate and the large rail bottom plate. When it is automatic, it saves time and labor and has high precision. The technical solution is as follows: On the one hand, an embodiment of the present invention provides a forging device for the heel end of an AT rail, the device comprising a forging machine, a workbench directly below the forging machine, a rail waist movable block die 1 on the workbench, and a forging die 2 on the pressure head of the forging machine, wherein the rail waist movable block die 1 comprises a final forging die 11 and a pre-forging die 12 arranged side by side in front and back, and the forging die 2 comprises a V-shaped extrusion cavity 21 matched with the rail waist movable block die 1 and a small rail bottom plate 22 and a large rail bottom plate 23 at the top of the V-shaped extrusion cavity 21, wherein the large rail bottom plate 23 and the small rail bottom plate 22 are arranged at intervals in front and back and can both move forward and backward. The front side of the forging press is provided with a front driving structure for driving the large rail bottom plate 23 to move forward and backward, and the left or right side of the forging press is provided with a rear driving structure for driving the small rail bottom plate 22 to move forward and backward; the front driving structure includes a detachable manual pull rod 3, a front rack driving mechanism 4 and a lifting mechanism 5, and the lifting mechanism 5 is arranged on the front side of the pressure head and can move vertically; the front rack driving mechanism 4 is arranged on the lifting mechanism 5, which is arranged in the front and rear direction, and is located directly in front of the large rail bottom plate 23, and the first rack 44 thereon can move forward and backward; the first rack 44 The rear end of the detachable manual pull rod 3 is detachably connected to the front pull rod 26 on the front side of the large rail bottom plate 23 through a hinge 9; when the front rack drive mechanism 4 is abnormal or needs manual control, the first rack 44 is disconnected from the front pull rod 26 and moves upward to the top of the large rail bottom plate 23, and the rear end of the detachable manual pull rod 3 is connected to the front pull rod 26, and the detachable manual pull rod 3 is pulled to make the large rail bottom plate 23 move forward and backward; the rear drive structure includes a fixed manual pull rod 6, a connecting mechanism 7 and a rear rack drive mechanism 8; the fixed manual pull rod 6 is arranged in the front and rear direction, and it is located at the forging die 2 The left or right side of the forging machine is a U-shaped structure, in which the inner longitudinal rod is floatingly connected to the rear end of the rear pull rod 27 on the rear side of the small rail bottom plate 22, and the outer longitudinal rod is slidably arranged on the pressure head and extends forward to the front of the forging machine; the rear rack drive mechanism 8 is arranged along the front-to-back direction, and is located on the outside of the fixed manual pull rod 6, and the rear end of the second rack 81 thereon is detachably connected to the outer longitudinal rod through the connecting mechanism 7; when the rear rack drive mechanism 8 is abnormal or requires manual control, the second rack 81 is disconnected from the outer longitudinal rod, and the front end of the outer longitudinal rod is pulled to allow the small rail bottom plate 22 to move forward and backward.

[0007] Among them, the rail waist movable block mold 1 in the embodiment of the present invention includes a slide 13, two oil cylinders on the left and right sides of the slide 13 and driven synchronously, and a final forging die 11 and a pre-forging die 12 on the slide 13 and arranged side by side front and back, the oil cylinder is arranged in the front-to-back direction and its extension and contraction can allow the final forging die 11 and the pre-forging die 12 to be located directly below the forging die 2 respectively, the final forging die 11 and the pre-forging die 12 both include two rail waist movable dies arranged opposite to each other on the left and right sides, and the two rail waist movable dies are respectively located on the left and right sides of the AT rail; the rail waist movable die is arranged in the front-to-back direction, and a die handle is provided between its front and rear ends and the corresponding sides of the slide 13, and its outer side is an inclined surface matching the V-shaped extrusion cavity 21; a slide rail for sliding the rail waist movable die is provided on the workbench and located on the lower side of the rail waist movable die, and the front and rear ends of the slide rail extend forward and backward respectively relative to the workbench.

[0008] Preferably, the top of the V-shaped extrusion cavity 21 in the embodiment of the present invention is provided with a T-shaped slide groove 24 which is open downward along the front-to-back direction, and the tops of the large rail bottom plate 23 and the small rail bottom plate 22 are both T-shaped structures that cooperate with the T-shaped slide groove 24 and are slidably arranged in the T-shaped slide groove 24; the front and rear ends of the T-shaped slide groove 24 extend forwardly relative to the V-shaped extrusion cavity 21 to form a front extension part and extend backwardly to form a rear extension part, respectively, the front extension part can accommodate the large rail bottom plate 23, and the rear extension part can accommodate the small rail bottom plate 22; the top of the T-shaped slide groove 24 and located at the first rack 44 A receiving groove 25 capable of accommodating the first rack 44 is provided directly above the ; the receiving groove 25 is arranged in the front-to-back direction; when the first rack 44 is separated from the front pull rod 26, the front rack driving mechanism 4 moves upward to the top of the detachable manual pull rod 3, and the first rack 44 is located in the receiving groove 25; when the small rail bottom plate 22 is not working, the small rail bottom plate 22 is located in the rear extension part; when the large rail bottom plate 23 is not working, the large rail bottom plate 23 is located in the front extension part; when the small rail bottom plate 22 is working, the small rail bottom plate 22 moves forward from back to front 3-5 times.

[0009] Among them, the front end of the front pull rod 26 and the rear end of the detachable manual pull rod 3 in the embodiment of the present invention are both provided with mutually matching latch rings, and the latch rings are arranged in the left and right directions; the first rack 44 is higher than the front pull rod 26 and its rear end is hinged with a hinge 9; the hinge 9 is arranged obliquely downward from front to back, and its front end is hinged to the rear end of the first rack 44 through a left and right rotating shaft, and its rear end cooperates with the latch ring; when the detachable manual pull rod 3 is connected to the front pull rod 26, the two latch rings are hinged by a latch; when the first rack 44 is connected to the front pull rod 26, the rear end of the hinge 9 and the latch ring on the front pull rod 26 are hinged by a latch.

[0010] Among them, the fixed manual pull rod 6 in the embodiment of the present invention includes an inner longitudinal rod, an outer longitudinal rod and a transverse rod, the inner longitudinal rod and the outer longitudinal rod are both arranged in the front-to-back direction, and the transverse rod is arranged between the rear ends of the inner longitudinal rod and the outer longitudinal rod; the rear end of the rear pull rod 27 is coaxially provided with a floating cavity; the inner longitudinal rod is located directly behind the small rail bottom plate 22, and a floating rod is coaxially provided at its front end; a floating hole is coaxially provided at the rear end of the floating cavity, and a floating head is coaxially provided at the front end of the floating rod, the floating head is located in the floating cavity and can float in the floating cavity, the floating rod passes through the floating hole and there is a gap between it and the floating hole; the outer longitudinal rod is located above and outside the inner longitudinal rod, and it is slidably arranged in a sliding sleeve on the left or right side of the V-shaped extrusion cavity 21, and a push handle is provided at its front end, which is arranged side by side with the second rack 81; the sliding sleeve is arranged in the front-to-back direction.

[0011] Among them, the connecting mechanism 7 in the embodiment of the present invention includes an inner connecting block at the rear end of the outer longitudinal rod and an outer connecting block at the rear end of the second rack 81; the outer connecting block is arranged close to the outer side of the inner connecting block and can slide forward and backward relative to the inner connecting block, and the outer side of the outer connecting block is provided with locking bolts in the left and right directions to fix the outer connecting block and the inner connecting block together; when the locking bolts are removed, the second rack 81 is disconnected from the outer longitudinal rod.

[0012] The lifting mechanism 5 in the embodiment of the present invention includes a bracket on the front side of the pressure head, a fixed plate arranged vertically at the front end of the bracket, a vertical slide rail arranged vertically at the front side of the fixed plate, and a handwheel lifting assembly arranged vertically; the front rack drive mechanism 4 includes a first rack 44 arranged along the front and rear directions, a belt 45 arranged vertically, a lifting plate 41 arranged vertically, a servo motor 42 at the upper front part of the lifting plate 41, a gear rack 43 arranged along the front and rear directions at the lower part of the lifting plate 41, a gear 46 at the bottom of the gear rack 43, a lower pulley 47 at the front end of the bottom of the gear rack 43, at least two upper pulleys 48 on the gear rack 43 and located on the upper side of the first rack 44, a transverse slide rail on the gear rack 43 and located directly in front of the belt 45, a slide seat slidably arranged on the transverse slide rail, a tensioning wheel 49 at the rear end of the slide seat, and a cylinder on the gear rack 43 for driving the slide seat to slide forward and backward; the lifting plate 41 is slidably arranged on the vertical slide rail and a handwheel lifting device is provided between it and the fixed plate. Components; the first rack 44 passes through the gear frame 43, and its lower side is meshed with the gear 46, and its upper and lower sides are respectively slidably connected with the upper pulley 48 and the lower pulley 47; the tensioning wheel 49, the upper pulley 48 and the lower pulley 47 are all arranged in the left and right directions, one upper pulley 48 is located directly above the gear 46, and the other upper pulley 48 is located at the upper and rear of the gear 46; the servo motor 42 is connected to the gear 46 through the belt 45, and the transverse slide rail is arranged in the front and rear directions, the tensioning wheel 49 is pressed against the front side of the belt 45 and can be driven by the cylinder to move forward to leave the belt 45.

[0013] Furthermore, a pulley and an encoder are coaxially provided at both ends of the rotating shaft of the gear 46 in the embodiment of the present invention, and the pulley is transmission-connected to the lower end of the belt 45; a stroke sensor is provided on the cylinder, and a photoelectric sensor for detecting the front end position of the first rack 44 is provided at the front end of the gear frame 43; the encoder, stroke sensor and photoelectric sensor are all electrically connected to the control module.

[0014] On the other hand, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a forging method for an AT rail heel end, the method comprising: S1 Fire: Place the heated heel end on the workbench, the pre-forging die 12 moves to the processing position, the small rail bottom plate 22 and the large rail bottom plate 23 move to the front and rear of the processing position respectively, the forging press works, the V-shaped extrusion cavity 21 squeezes the rail waist movable die on the corresponding side, and the rail bottom grows 35-38cm due to the extrusion; the rail waist movable block die 1 moves backward, and the final forging die 11 moves to the processing position; the small rail bottom plate 22 is forged from back to front at multiple first predetermined forging stations; after the forging is completed, the small rail bottom plate 22 returns to the initial position, and the large rail bottom plate 23 moves to the processing position for forging.

[0015] S2 second fire: place the heel end after reheating on the workbench, the final forging die 11 is located at the processing position, the small rail bottom plate 22 and the large rail bottom plate 23 are located in front of and behind the processing position, the forging machine works, the V-shaped extrusion cavity 21 squeezes the rail waist movable die on the corresponding side, and the rail bottom grows 4-7cm higher again due to the extrusion; the small rail bottom plate 22 is forged from back to front at multiple second predetermined forging stations; after the forging is completed, the small rail bottom plate 22 returns to the initial position, and the large rail bottom plate 23 moves to the processing position for forging.

[0016] When driving the large rail base plate 23, if the front rack drive mechanism 4 is normal or does not require manual control, the rear end of the first rack 44 of the front rack drive mechanism 4 is connected to the front pull rod 26; if the front rack drive mechanism 4 is abnormal or requires manual control, the first rack 44 is disconnected from the front pull rod 26 and moves to the top of the large rail base plate 23, and the rear end of the detachable manual pull rod 3 is connected to the front pull rod 26, and the large rail base plate 23 is pulled manually.

[0017] When driving the small rail base plate 22, if the rear rack drive mechanism 8 is normal or does not require manual control, the connecting mechanism 7 fixedly connects the fixed manual pull rod 6 and the second rack 81 of the rear rack drive mechanism 8; if the rear rack drive mechanism 8 is abnormal or requires manual control, the connecting mechanism 7 disconnects the fixed manual pull rod 6 from the second rack 81, and manually pulls the small rail base plate 22.

[0018] Among them, in step S1, the heel end is heated to 1030-1070°C; in step S2, the heel end is heated to 1045-1080°C; the length of the small rail bottom plate 22 is 180-200mm, the first predetermined forging station and the second predetermined forging station are the same and the number is four, and the distance between two adjacent predetermined forging stations is 200-250mm.

[0019] The technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) The small rail base plate and the large rail base plate can be operated automatically or manually (the manual mode is retained to prevent the automatic mode from being temporarily used in an emergency failure situation). When automatic, it saves time and effort and has high precision (directly saves one labor, and ensures the uniformity of the rolling dimensions of all products in each batch, not relying solely on manual experience).

[0020] (2) According to the operation frequency and difficulty of the small rail base plate and the large rail base plate, the detachable manual pull rod can be detached for use, and the fixed manual pull rod is fixed and needs to be used frequently.

[0021] (3) It is easy to switch between automatic control and manual control.

[0022] (4) The forging effect is good, the forging success rate is 100%, the machining allowance after forging is less than 10mm, the heel end is full and the transition is smooth.

[0023] (5) It is flexible to use and can be switched flexibly according to actual conditions. The number and position of forging of the small rail bottom plate can be flexibly adjusted. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the combination of the V-shaped extrusion cavity and the rail waist movable block die; Figure 2 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the forging device for the heel end of an AT rail in an embodiment of the present invention during pre-forging in one fire; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure when the large rail bottom plate is forged; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure during manual operation; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure when the small rail bottom plate is forged; Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the front rack drive mechanism; Figure 7 It is a structural diagram of the combination of a T-shaped slide and a large rail bottom plate.

[0025] In the figure: 1 rail waist movable block die, 2 forging die, 3 detachable manual pull rod, 4 front rack drive mechanism, 5 lifting mechanism, 6 fixed manual pull rod, 7 connecting mechanism, 8 rear rack drive mechanism, 9 hinged part; 11 final forging die, 12 pre-forging die, 13 slide; 21 V-shaped extrusion cavity, 22 small rail bottom plate, 23 large rail bottom plate, 24 T-shaped slide groove, 25 containing groove, 26 front pull rod, 27 rear pull rod; 41 lifting plate, 42 servo motor, 43 gear rack, 44 first rack, 45 belt, 46 gear, 47 lower pulley, 48 upper pulley, 49 tensioning wheel; 81 Second rack. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0027] Example 1 See also Figure 1-7 Embodiment 1 provides a forging device for the heel end of an AT rail, which includes a forging machine, a workbench directly below the forging machine, a rail waist movable block die 1 on the workbench, and a forging die 2 on the pressure head of the forging machine. Among them, the rail waist movable block die 1 includes a slide 13, two oil cylinders on the left and right sides of the slide 13 and driven synchronously, and a final forging die 11 and a pre-forging die 12 arranged side by side on the slide 13, etc., and its structure can refer to the description of application number CN202220769577.9. The forging die 2 includes a V-shaped extrusion cavity 21 that cooperates with the rail waist movable block die 1 and a small rail bottom plate 22 and a large rail bottom plate 23 at the top of the V-shaped extrusion cavity 21; the V-shaped extrusion cavity 21 is arranged in the front-to-back direction, and its inner top is horizontal and it is open downward. The small rail bottom plate 22 and the large rail bottom plate 23 are both arranged in the front-to-back direction, and they are arranged at intervals from front to back, and they can both move in the front-to-back direction. The large rail bottom plate 23 matches the shape of the rail bottom of the AT rail heel end, and a ramp boss is provided at the lower rear end. The small rail bottom plate 22 is a rectangular block.

[0028] Among them, the front side of the forging press is provided with a front driving structure for driving the large rail bottom plate 23 to move forward and backward, and the left or right side of the forging press is provided with a rear driving structure for driving the small rail bottom plate 22 to move forward and backward. The large rail bottom plate 23 and the small rail bottom plate 22 can be controlled automatically or manually, with automatic control being preferred, and manual control is performed only when the corresponding structure is abnormal or power outage or manual control is required.

[0029] The front driving structure includes a detachable manual pull rod 3, a front rack drive mechanism 4 and a lifting mechanism 5, etc. The lifting mechanism 5 is arranged on the front side of the pressure head and can move vertically. The front rack drive mechanism 4 is arranged on the lifting mechanism 5, which is arranged in the front-to-back direction and is located directly in front of the large rail bottom plate 23. The first rack 44 thereon can move forward and backward. The rear end of the first rack 44 is detachably connected to the front pull rod 26 on the front side of the large rail bottom plate 23 through a hinge 9 (for easy disassembly and easy driving of the front rack drive mechanism 4 (it can also be driven with a slight error)). When the front rack drive mechanism 4 is abnormal or needs manual control, the first rack 44 is disconnected from the front pull rod 26 and moves upward to the top of the large rail bottom plate 23, and the rear end of the detachable manual pull rod 3 is connected to the front pull rod 26. Pulling the detachable manual pull rod 3 allows the large rail bottom plate 23 to move forward and backward.

[0030] Among them, the rear drive structure includes a fixed manual pull rod 6, a connecting mechanism 7 and a rear rack drive mechanism 8. The fixed manual pull rod 6 is arranged in the front-to-back direction and is located on the left or right side of the forging die 2. It is a U-shaped structure, which includes an inner longitudinal rod, an outer longitudinal rod and a transverse rod. The inner longitudinal rod is floatingly connected to the rear end of the rear pull rod 27 on the rear side of the small rail bottom plate 22 (to facilitate the drive of the rear rack drive mechanism 8 (it can also be driven even with a slight error)), and the outer longitudinal rod is slidably arranged on the pressure head and extends forward to the front of the forging press. The rear rack drive mechanism 8 is arranged in the front-to-back direction and is located on the outer side of the fixed manual pull rod 6. The rear end of the second rack 81 thereon is detachably connected to the outer longitudinal rod through the connecting mechanism 7. When the rear rack drive mechanism 8 is abnormal or needs manual control, the second rack 81 is disconnected from the outer longitudinal rod, and the front end of the outer longitudinal rod is pulled to allow the small rail bottom plate 22 to move forward and backward.

[0031] Among them, the slide 13 in the embodiment of the present invention is a rectangular frame arranged along the front-to-back direction, which is slidably arranged on the workbench. The oil cylinder is arranged along the front-to-back direction, and its extension and contraction can allow the final forging die 11 and the pre-forging die 12 to be located directly below the forging die 2, respectively. The final forging die 11 and the pre-forging die 12 both include two rail waist movable dies arranged opposite to each other on the left and right sides, and the two rail waist movable dies are respectively located on the left and right sides of the AT rail. The rail waist movable die is arranged along the front-to-back direction, and a die handle (arranged along the left and right direction) is provided between its front and rear ends and the corresponding sides of the slide 13, and its outer side is an inclined surface that cooperates with the V-shaped extrusion cavity 21. A slide rail for the rail waist movable die to slide is provided on the workbench and located at the lower side of the rail waist movable die, and the front and rear ends of the slide rail extend forward and backward respectively relative to the workbench.

[0032] Preferably, the top of the V-shaped extrusion cavity 21 in the embodiment of the present invention is provided with a T-shaped chute 24 (with a limit structure at both the front and rear ends) which is open downwards along the front-back direction, and the tops of the large rail bottom plate 23 and the small rail bottom plate 22 are both T-shaped structures that cooperate with the T-shaped chute 24 and are both slidably arranged in the T-shaped chute 24. The front and rear ends of the T-shaped chute 24 extend forward to form a front extension portion and extend backward to form a rear extension portion relative to the V-shaped extrusion cavity 21, and a diagonal brace is provided between the upper sides of the front extension portion and the rear extension portion and the corresponding side of the pressure head. The front extension portion can accommodate the large rail bottom plate 23, and the rear extension portion can accommodate the small rail bottom plate 22. A receiving groove 25 that can accommodate the first rack 44 is provided at the top of the T-shaped chute 24 and directly above the first rack 44. The receiving groove 25 is arranged along the front-back direction, and is located at the middle position of the top of the T-shaped chute 24, and is specifically a rectangular groove, and is located at the front of the T-shaped chute 24. When the first rack 44 is separated from the front pull rod 26, the front rack driving mechanism 4 moves upward to the top of the detachable manual pull rod 3, and the first rack 44 is located in the accommodating groove 25. When the small rail bottom plate 22 is not working, the small rail bottom plate 22 is located at the rear extension. When the large rail bottom plate 23 is not working, the large rail bottom plate 23 is located at the front extension. When the small rail bottom plate 22 is working, the small rail bottom plate 22 moves forward from back to front 3-5 times.

[0033] Among them, the front end of the front pull rod 26 and the rear end of the detachable manual pull rod 3 in the embodiment of the present invention are both provided with mutually matching latch rings, and the latch rings are arranged in the left-right direction. The first rack 44 is higher than the front pull rod 26 and its rear end is hinged with a hinge 9. The hinge 9 is arranged obliquely downward from front to back, and its front end is hinged to the rear end of the first rack 44 through a left-right rotating shaft, and its rear end cooperates with the latch ring. When the detachable manual pull rod 3 is connected to the front pull rod 26, the two latch rings are hinged by a latch (arranged in the left-right direction). When the first rack 44 is connected to the front pull rod 26, the rear end of the hinge 9 and the latch ring on the front pull rod 26 are hinged by a latch.

[0034] Among them, the inner longitudinal rod and the outer longitudinal rod in the embodiment of the present invention are both arranged in the front-to-back direction, and the transverse rod is arranged between the rear end of the inner longitudinal rod and the rear end of the outer longitudinal rod and is arranged obliquely upward from the inside to the outside. The rear end of the rear pull rod 27 is coaxially provided with a floating cavity (specifically a circular cavity). The inner longitudinal rod is located directly behind the small rail bottom plate 22, and its front end is coaxially provided with a floating rod. The rear end of the floating cavity is coaxially provided with a floating hole, and the front end of the floating rod is coaxially provided with a floating head (specifically a cylindrical structure slightly smaller than the floating cavity). The floating head is located in the floating cavity and can float in the floating cavity. The floating rod passes through the floating hole and there is a gap between it and the floating hole. The outer longitudinal rod is located above the outer side of the inner longitudinal rod, and it is slidably arranged in a sliding sleeve (specifically a round tube) on the left or right side of the V-shaped extrusion cavity 21. A push handle is provided at its front end, and it is arranged side by side with the second rack 81. The sliding sleeve is arranged in the front-to-back direction.

[0035] The connection mechanism 7 in the embodiment of the present invention includes an inner connection block at the rear end of the outer longitudinal rod and an outer connection block at the rear end of the second rack 81. The outer connection block is arranged close to the outer side of the inner connection block and can slide forward and backward relative to the inner connection block. The outer side of the outer connection block is provided with a locking bolt in the left and right direction to fix the outer connection block and the inner connection block together. When the locking bolt is removed, the second rack 81 is disconnected from the outer longitudinal rod.

[0036] The lifting mechanism 5 in the embodiment of the present invention includes a bracket at the front side of the pressure head, a fixed plate arranged vertically at the front end of the bracket, a vertical slide rail arranged vertically at the front side of the fixed plate, and a handwheel lifting assembly arranged vertically. The front rack drive mechanism 4 includes a first rack 44 arranged in the front-back direction, a belt 45 arranged vertically, a lifting plate 41 arranged vertically, a servo motor 42 at the upper front part of the lifting plate 41, a gear rack 43 arranged in the front-back direction at the lower part of the lifting plate 41, a gear 46 at the bottom of the gear rack 43, a lower pulley 47 at the front end of the bottom of the gear rack 43, at least two upper pulleys 48 on the gear rack 43 and located on the upper side of the first rack 44, a transverse slide rail on the gear rack 43 and located directly in front of the belt 45, a slide seat slidably arranged on the transverse slide rail, a tensioning wheel 49 at the rear end of the slide seat, and a cylinder on the gear rack 43 for driving the slide seat to slide forward and backward. The lifting plate 41 is slidably arranged on the vertical slide rail, which is located directly in front of the lower part of the fixed plate, and a handwheel lifting assembly is arranged between the lifting plate 41 and the fixed plate. The first rack 44 passes through the gear frame 43, and its lower side is meshed with the gear 46, and its upper and lower sides are respectively slidably connected with the upper pulley 48 and the lower pulley 47. The tensioning wheel 49, the upper pulley 48 and the lower pulley 47 are all arranged in the left-right direction, one upper pulley 48 is located directly above the gear 46, the other upper pulley 48 is located at the rear and upper part of the gear 46, and the lower pulley 47 is located directly in front of the gear 46 and is located at the lower side of the first rack 44. The servo motor 42 is connected to the gear 46 through the belt 45, and the transverse slide rail and the cylinder are arranged in the front-back direction. The tensioning wheel 49 presses on the front side of the belt 45 and can be driven by the cylinder to move forward to leave the belt 45. Further, the two ends of the rotating shaft of the gear 46 are coaxially provided with a pulley and an encoder, and the pulley is connected to the lower end of the belt 45; the cylinder is provided with a stroke sensor, and the front end of the gear frame 43 is provided with a photoelectric sensor for detecting the position of the front end of the first rack 44, and the encoder, the stroke sensor and the photoelectric sensor are all electrically connected to the control module.

[0037] The structure of the rear rack drive mechanism 8 is similar to that of the front rack drive mechanism 4, and a detailed description is omitted in this embodiment. In the rear rack drive mechanism 8, the upper end of the lifting plate 41 is fixed on the pressure head.

[0038] Example 2 Embodiment 2 provides a forging device for the heel end of an AT rail, and its structure is basically the same as that of Embodiment 1, except that: the thrust of the rear rack drive mechanism 8 in the embodiment of the present invention is not less than 10kg, the displacement accuracy is 1mm, the maximum speed is 500mm / s, and the stroke is 950mm. The thrust of the front rack drive mechanism 4 is not less than 40kg, the displacement accuracy is 1mm, the maximum speed is 800mm / s, and the stroke is 950mm. The first position of the small rail bottom plate 22 has a stroke of 250mm, and the small rail bottom plate 22 is forged four times, and each subsequent position (forging position) is separated by 235mm.

[0039] Example 3 Embodiment 3 provides a method for forging an AT rail heel end, using the AT rail heel end forging device disclosed in Embodiment 1 or 2, the method comprising: S1 Fire: Place the heel end heated to 1030-1070℃ on the workbench, move the pre-forging die 12 to the processing position (located directly below the forging die 2), the small rail bottom plate 22 and the large rail bottom plate 23 move to the front (specifically the front extension) and rear (specifically the rear extension) of the processing position respectively, the forging press works, the V-shaped extrusion cavity 21 squeezes the rail waist movable die on the corresponding side, and the rail bottom grows 35-38cm due to extrusion. The rail waist movable block die 1 moves backward (pneumatic cylinder), and the final forging die 11 moves to the processing position. The small rail bottom plate 22 is forged from back to front at multiple first predetermined forging stations (fixed position or set according to actual needs) (forging is carried out in cooperation with the forging press) to drive the rail bottom from back to front. After the forging is completed, the small rail bottom plate 22 returns to the initial position, and the large rail bottom plate 23 moves to the processing position for forging.

[0040] S2 Second Fire: The heel end after being heated to 1045-1080℃ is placed on the workbench, the final forging die 11 is located at the processing position, the small rail bottom plate 22 and the large rail bottom plate 23 are located in front and behind the processing position, the forging press works, the V-shaped extrusion cavity 21 squeezes the rail waist movable die on the corresponding side, and the rail bottom grows 4-7cm again due to the extrusion. The small rail bottom plate 22 is forged from back to front at multiple second predetermined forging stations (fixed position or set according to actual needs) (forging is carried out with the forging press) to drive the rail bottom from back to front. After the forging is completed, the small rail bottom plate 22 returns to the initial position, and the large rail bottom plate 23 moves to the processing position for forging.

[0041] When driving the large rail base plate 23, if the front rack drive mechanism 4 is normal or does not require manual control, the rear end of the first rack 44 of the front rack drive mechanism 4 is connected to the front pull rod 26. If the front rack drive mechanism 4 is abnormal or requires manual control, the first rack 44 is disconnected from the front pull rod 26 and moves to the top of the large rail base plate 23, and the rear end of the detachable manual pull rod 3 is connected to the front pull rod 26, and the large rail base plate 23 is pulled manually.

[0042] When driving the small rail base plate 22, if the rear rack drive mechanism 8 is normal or does not need manual control, the connecting mechanism 7 fixedly connects the fixed manual pull rod 6 and the second rack 81 of the rear rack drive mechanism 8. If the rear rack drive mechanism 8 is abnormal or needs manual control, the connecting mechanism 7 disconnects the fixed manual pull rod 6 from the second rack 81, and manually pulls the small rail base plate 22.

[0043] The length of the small rail bottom plate 22 is 180-200 mm, the first predetermined forging station and the second predetermined forging station are the same and the number is four, and the distance between two adjacent predetermined forging stations is 200-250 mm.

[0044] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A forging device for the heel end of an AT rail, comprising a forging machine, a workbench directly below the forging machine, a rail waist movable block die (1) on the workbench, and a forging die (2) on a pressure head of the forging machine, wherein the rail waist movable block die (1) comprises a final forging die (11) and a pre-forging die (12) arranged side by side in front and back, and the forging die (2) comprises a V-shaped extrusion cavity (21) matched with the rail waist movable block die (1) and a small rail bottom plate (22) and a large rail bottom plate (23) at the top of the V-shaped extrusion cavity (21), wherein the large rail bottom plate (23) and the small rail bottom plate (22) are arranged at intervals in front and back and can both move forward and backward; characterized in that: The front side of the forging machine is provided with a front driving structure for driving the large rail bottom plate (23) to move forward and backward, and the left side or right side of the forging machine is provided with a rear driving structure for driving the small rail bottom plate (22) to move forward and backward; The front drive structure comprises a detachable manual pull rod (3), a front rack drive mechanism (4) and a lifting mechanism (5), wherein the lifting mechanism (5) is arranged at the front side of the pressure head and can move vertically; the front rack drive mechanism (4) is arranged on the lifting mechanism (5), which is arranged in the front-to-back direction and is located directly in front of the large rail bottom plate (23), and the first rack (44) thereon can move forward and backward; the rear end of the first rack (44) is detachably connected to the front pull rod (26) on the front side of the large rail bottom plate (23) through a hinge (9); when the front rack drive mechanism (4) is abnormal or needs manual control, the first rack (44) is disconnected from the front pull rod (26) and moves upward to the top of the large rail bottom plate (23), and the rear end of the detachable manual pull rod (3) is connected to the front pull rod (26), and the detachable manual pull rod (3) is pulled to make the large rail bottom plate (23) move forward and backward; The rear drive structure comprises a fixed manual pull rod (6), a connecting mechanism (7) and a rear rack drive mechanism (8); the fixed manual pull rod (6) is arranged in the front-to-back direction and is located on the left or right side of the forging die (2); it is a U-shaped structure, its inner longitudinal rod is floatingly connected to the rear end of the rear pull rod (27) on the rear side of the small rail bottom plate (22), and its outer longitudinal rod is slidably arranged on the pressure head and extends forward to the front of the forging machine; the rear rack drive mechanism (8) is arranged in the front-to-back direction and is located on the outer side of the fixed manual pull rod (6); the rear end of the second rack (81) thereon is detachably connected to the outer longitudinal rod through the connecting mechanism (7); when the rear rack drive mechanism (8) is abnormal or needs manual control, the second rack (81) is disconnected from the outer longitudinal rod, and the front end of the outer longitudinal rod is pulled to allow the small rail bottom plate (22) to move forward and backward.

2. The AT rail heel forging device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rail waist movable block die (1) comprises a slide (13), two oil cylinders on the left and right sides of the slide (13) and driven synchronously, and a final forging die (11) and a pre-forging die (12) arranged side by side on the slide (13). The oil cylinders are arranged in the front-to-back direction and can be extended and retracted to allow the final forging die (11) and the pre-forging die (12) to be located directly below the forging die (2). The final forging die (11) and the pre-forging die (12) each comprise two rail waist movable dies arranged opposite to each other on the left and right sides, and the two rail waist movable dies are located on the left and right sides of the AT rail respectively. The rail waist movable die is arranged in the front-to-back direction, and a die handle is arranged between the front and rear ends of the die and the corresponding sides of the slide (13), and the outer side of the die is an inclined surface matched with the V-shaped extrusion cavity (21). A slide rail for sliding the rail waist movable die is arranged on the workbench and located below the rail waist movable die, and the front and rear ends of the slide rail extend forward and backward respectively relative to the workbench.

3. The AT rail heel end forging device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A T-shaped slide groove (24) opening downward is provided at the top of the V-shaped extrusion cavity (21) along the front-back direction; the tops of the large rail bottom plate (23) and the small rail bottom plate (22) are both T-shaped structures cooperating with the T-shaped slide groove (24) and are both slidably arranged in the T-shaped slide groove (24); the front and rear ends of the T-shaped slide groove (24) extend forwardly relative to the V-shaped extrusion cavity (21) to form a front extension part and extend backwardly to form a rear extension part, respectively; the front extension part can accommodate the large rail bottom plate (23), and the rear extension part can accommodate the small rail bottom plate (22); the top of the T-shaped slide groove (24) and located directly above the first rack (44) is provided with a The first rack (44) is disposed in a receiving groove (25); the receiving groove (25) is arranged in the front-to-back direction; when the first rack (44) is separated from the front pull rod (26), the front rack driving mechanism (4) moves upward to the top of the detachable manual pull rod (3), and the first rack (44) is located in the receiving groove (25); when the small rail bottom plate (22) is not working, the small rail bottom plate (22) is located in the rear extension part; when the large rail bottom plate (23) is not working, the large rail bottom plate (23) is located in the front extension part; when the small rail bottom plate (22) is working, the small rail bottom plate (22) moves forward from back to front 3-5 times.

4. The AT rail heel forging device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The front end of the front pull rod (26) and the rear end of the detachable manual pull rod (3) are both provided with latch rings that cooperate with each other, and the latch rings are arranged in the left and right directions; the first rack (44) is higher than the front pull rod (26) and its rear end is hinged with a hinge (9); the hinge (9) is arranged obliquely downward from front to back, and its front end is hinged to the rear end of the first rack (44) through a left and right rotating shaft, and its rear end cooperates with the latch ring; when the detachable manual pull rod (3) is connected to the front pull rod (26), the two latch rings are hinged by a latch; when the first rack (44) is connected to the front pull rod (26), the rear end of the hinge (9) and the latch ring on the front pull rod (26) are hinged by a latch.

5. The AT rail heel end forging device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fixed manual pull rod (6) includes an inner longitudinal rod, an outer longitudinal rod and a transverse rod, the inner longitudinal rod and the outer longitudinal rod are both arranged in the front-to-back direction, and the transverse rod is arranged between the rear ends of the inner longitudinal rod and the outer longitudinal rod; the rear end of the rear pull rod (27) is coaxially provided with a floating cavity; the inner longitudinal rod is located directly behind the small rail bottom plate (22), and its front end is coaxially provided with a floating rod; the rear end of the floating cavity is coaxially provided with a floating hole, and the front end of the floating rod is coaxially provided with a floating head, the floating head is located in the floating cavity and can float in the floating cavity, the floating rod passes through the floating hole and there is a gap between it and the floating hole; the outer longitudinal rod is located above the outer side of the inner longitudinal rod, and is slidably arranged in a sliding sleeve on the left or right side of the V-shaped extrusion cavity (21), and a push handle is arranged at the front end, which is arranged side by side with the second rack (81); the sliding sleeve is arranged in the front-to-back direction.

6. The AT rail heel forging device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connection mechanism (7) comprises an inner connection block at the rear end of the outer longitudinal rod and an outer connection block at the rear end of the second rack (81); the outer connection block is arranged close to the outer side of the inner connection block and can slide forward and backward relative to the inner connection block, and locking bolts are arranged on the outer side of the outer connection block in the left and right directions to fix the outer connection block and the inner connection block together; when the locking bolts are removed, the second rack (81) is disconnected from the outer longitudinal rod.

7. The AT rail heel forging device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lifting mechanism (5) comprises a bracket at the front side of the pressure head, a fixing plate arranged vertically at the front end of the bracket, a vertical slide rail arranged vertically at the front side of the fixing plate, and a hand wheel lifting assembly arranged vertically; The front rack drive mechanism (4) comprises a first rack (44) arranged in the front-back direction, a belt (45) arranged vertically, a lifting plate (41) arranged vertically, a servo motor (42) at the upper front part of the lifting plate (41), a gear rack (43) arranged in the front-back direction at the lower part of the lifting plate (41), a gear (46) at the bottom of the gear rack (43), a lower pulley (47) at the front end of the bottom of the gear rack (43), at least two upper pulleys (48) on the gear rack (43) and located on the upper side of the first rack (44), a transverse slide rail on the gear rack (43) and located directly in front of the belt (45), a slide seat slidably arranged on the transverse slide rail, a tensioning wheel (49) at the rear end of the slide seat, and a cylinder on the gear rack (43) for driving the slide seat to slide forward and backward; the lifting plate (41) is slidably arranged on the vertical slide rail and a hand wheel lifting assembly is provided between the lifting plate (41) and the fixed plate ; The first rack (44) passes through the gear rack (43), and its lower side is meshed with the gear (46), and its upper and lower sides are respectively slidably connected with the upper pulley (48) and the lower pulley (47); the tensioning wheel (49), the upper pulley (48) and the lower pulley (47) are all arranged in the left and right directions, one upper pulley (48) is located directly above the gear (46), and the other upper pulley (48) is located at the upper rear of the gear (46); the servo motor (42) is connected to the gear (46) through a belt (45), and the transverse slide rail is arranged in the front and rear directions. The tensioning wheel (49) presses against the front side of the belt (45) and can be driven by a cylinder to move forward to leave the belt (45).

8. The AT rail heel end forging device according to claim 7, characterized in that: A pulley and an encoder are coaxially disposed at both ends of the rotating shaft of the gear (46), and the pulley is transmission-connected to the lower end of the belt (45); a stroke sensor is disposed on the cylinder, and a photoelectric sensor for detecting the front end position of the first rack (44) is disposed at the front end of the gear frame (43); the encoder, the stroke sensor and the photoelectric sensor are all electrically connected to the control module.

9. A method for forging an AT rail using the AT rail heel forging device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The method comprises: S1-fire: placing the heated heel end on a workbench, the pre-forging die (12) moves to the processing position, the small rail bottom plate (22) and the large rail bottom plate (23) move to the front and rear of the processing position respectively, the forging press works, the V-shaped extrusion cavity (21) extrudes the rail waist movable die on the corresponding side, and the rail bottom is lengthened by 35-38 cm due to the extrusion; the rail waist movable block die (1) moves backward, and the final forging die (11) moves to the processing position; the small rail bottom plate (22) is forged from back to front at a plurality of first predetermined forging stations; after the forging is completed, the small rail bottom plate (22) returns to the initial position, and the large rail bottom plate (23) moves to the processing position for forging and forming; S2 second fire: the heel end after reheating is placed on the workbench, the final forging die (11) is located at the processing position, the small rail bottom plate (22) and the large rail bottom plate (23) are located in front of and behind the processing position, the forging press is working, the V-shaped extrusion cavity (21) squeezes the rail waist movable die on the corresponding side, and the rail bottom grows 4-7 cm higher again due to the extrusion; the small rail bottom plate (22) is forged from back to front at multiple second predetermined forging stations; after the forging is completed, the small rail bottom plate (22) returns to the initial position, and the large rail bottom plate (23) moves to the processing position for forging and forming; When driving the large rail bottom plate (23), if the front rack drive mechanism (4) is normal or does not require manual control, the rear end of the first rack (44) of the front rack drive mechanism (4) is connected to the front pull rod (26); if the front rack drive mechanism (4) is abnormal or requires manual control, the first rack (44) is disconnected from the front pull rod (26) and moves to the top of the large rail bottom plate (23), and the rear end of the detachable manual pull rod (3) is connected to the front pull rod (26), and the large rail bottom plate (23) is pulled manually; When driving the small rail base plate (22), if the rear rack drive mechanism (8) is normal or does not require manual control, the connecting mechanism (7) fixedly connects the fixed manual pull rod (6) and the second rack (81) of the rear rack drive mechanism (8); if the rear rack drive mechanism (8) is abnormal or requires manual control, the connecting mechanism (7) disconnects the fixed manual pull rod (6) from the second rack (81) and manually pulls the small rail base plate (22).

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that In step S1, the heel end is heated to 1030-1070°C; in step S2, the heel end is heated to 1045-1080°C; the length of the small rail bottom plate (22) is 180-200mm, the first predetermined forging station and the second predetermined forging station are the same and the number is four, and the distance between two adjacent predetermined forging stations is 200-250mm.

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