Self-powered rail transit facility monitoring device and system

Abstract

The invention provides a self-powered rail transit facility monitoring device and system.The device comprises a rail vibration energy capturing device, an energy storage circuit, a vibration awakening circuit and a data acquisition and transmission controller, the device can collect and store energy generated by rail vibration, and when the energy reaches a specified level, the vibration awakening circuit awakens the vibration awakening circuit; and the vibration wake-up circuit activates the dormant data acquisition and transmission controller so as to monitor the rail transit facilities and send the monitoring data to a remote data center. Self power supply of the wireless sensor network can be realized by utilizing a vibration energy capture technology, and ultra-low power consumption rail transit infrastructure measurement is realized by optimizing the power consumption of the sensor node, so that the energy captured by vibration can meet the requirement of long-term work of the sensor node, and the problem of power supply of a ground sensor is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of rail monitoring technology, and in particular to a self-powered rail transit facility monitoring device and system. Background Art

[0002] The service status of rail transit infrastructure is crucial to train safety. At present, track monitoring vehicles, comprehensive inspection trains, etc. are the main means to evaluate key parameters such as track geometry, track irregularity and rail profile. These inspection methods can fully reflect the service status of infrastructure. However, these inspection methods also have obvious problems. First of all, the inspection vehicle needs to operate during the maintenance window period, which directly leads to the extension of the inspection cycle and the reduction of operating efficiency, and also increases the inspection cost. In addition, for some hidden defects, such as loose fasteners, track plate separation, arching, and CA mortar degassing, traditional on-board detection methods are often difficult to capture effectively, which to a certain extent limits the accuracy and comprehensiveness of the inspection.

[0003] In order to overcome the shortcomings of existing inspection methods, the use of wireless sensor networks to monitor the service performance of rail transit infrastructure in real time has become a new solution. Wireless sensor networks have significant advantages such as low cost and high detection accuracy. They can directly detect infrastructure parameters without occupying maintenance windows, thereby improving detection efficiency and flexibility. However, the large-scale application of wireless sensor networks in rail transit monitoring is still constrained by power supply problems. Due to the large number of sensor nodes, existing wireless sensor networks need to replace batteries regularly, which not only has a large workload and low safety, but may also affect the normal operation of vehicles. Therefore, the power supply problem has become a key bottleneck restricting the further development of wireless sensor networks in rail transit monitoring. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of this, the embodiments of the present application provide a self-powered rail transit facility monitoring device and system, which can utilize vibration energy capture technology to achieve self-powering of the wireless sensor network, and achieve ultra-low power consumption rail transit infrastructure measurement by optimizing the power consumption of sensor nodes, so that the energy captured by vibration can meet the long-term operation of sensor nodes, thereby solving the power supply problem of ground sensors.

[0005] The technical solution of the embodiment of the present application is implemented as follows:

[0006] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a self-powered rail transit facility monitoring device and system, the device comprising: a rail vibration energy capture device, an energy storage circuit, a vibration wake-up circuit, and a data acquisition and transmission controller;

[0007] The rail vibration energy capture device is used to collect energy generated by rail vibration, the energy storage circuit is used to store the power captured by the rail vibration energy capture device, the vibration awakening circuit is used to wake up the data acquisition and transmission controller in a dormant state after the rail vibration energy capture device collects a specified amount of power, and the data acquisition and transmission controller is used to monitor rail transit facilities and send the monitoring data to a remote data center;

[0008] The power output end of the track vibration energy capture device is connected to the power input end of the energy storage circuit, the energy storage circuit supplies power to the data acquisition and transmission controller, and the signal output end of the track vibration energy capture device is connected to the signal input end of the vibration wake-up circuit.

[0009] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application further provides a self-powered rail transit facility monitoring system, the system comprising at least one self-powered rail transit facility monitoring device as described in the first aspect, at least one self-powered rail transit facility monitoring device being respectively arranged at different positions on the track.

[0010] The embodiment of the present application integrates track vibration energy capture, efficient energy storage, intelligent vibration wake-up, and data acquisition and transmission functions, realizing all-weather, self-sufficient monitoring of rail transit facilities. The device can efficiently collect the energy generated by track vibration through the track vibration energy capture device and convert it into electrical energy, thereby avoiding dependence on traditional power supplies and reducing operation and maintenance costs. At the same time, the energy storage circuit built into the device can stably store the captured electricity to ensure that when the track vibration energy is insufficient, it can still provide continuous power support for the data acquisition and transmission controller. The embodiment of the present application adopts an intelligent vibration wake-up mechanism. When the track vibration energy capture device collects the specified amount of electricity, the vibration wake-up circuit will automatically wake up the data acquisition and transmission controller in a dormant state and start working. This design not only further reduces power consumption, but also improves the response speed and flexibility of the monitoring system. In terms of data acquisition and transmission, the data acquisition and transmission controller of the embodiment of the present application can accurately monitor the status of rail transit facilities and send the monitoring data to a remote data center in real time, providing strong technical support for the safe operation and efficient management of rail transit.

[0011] In summary, the self-powered rail transit facility monitoring device provided in the embodiment of the present application not only realizes efficient and self-sufficient monitoring of rail transit facilities, but also reduces operation and maintenance costs and improves the reliability and flexibility of the monitoring system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0012] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show certain embodiments of the present application and therefore should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For ordinary technicians in this field, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0013] Figure 1 It is a principle block diagram of a self-powered rail transit facility monitoring device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0014] Figure 2 It is a software control flow chart provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0015] To make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical scheme in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. It should be understood that the drawings in the present application only serve the purpose of explanation and description and are not used to limit the scope of protection of the present application. In addition, it should be understood that the schematic drawings are not drawn in real proportion. The flowchart used in this application shows the operations implemented according to some embodiments of the present application. It should be understood that the operations of the flowchart can be implemented out of order, and the steps without logical context can be reversed in order or implemented simultaneously. In addition, those skilled in the art can add one or more other operations to the flowchart under the guidance of the content of the present application, or remove one or more operations from the flowchart.

[0016] In the following description, reference is made to “some embodiments”, which describe a subset of all possible embodiments, but it will be understood that “some embodiments” may be the same subset or different subsets of all possible embodiments and may be combined with each other without conflict.

[0017] In addition, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present application described and shown in the drawings here can be arranged and designed in various configurations. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present application provided in the drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the application claimed for protection, but merely represents the selected embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments of the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without making creative work belong to the scope of protection of the present application.

[0018] In the following description, the terms "first\second\third" involved are merely used to distinguish similar objects and do not represent a specific ordering of the objects. It can be understood that "first\second\third" can be interchanged with a specific order or sequence where permitted, so that the embodiments of the present application described herein can be implemented in an order other than that illustrated or described herein.

[0019] It should be noted that the term "comprising" will be used in the embodiments of the present application to indicate the existence of the features declared thereafter, but does not exclude the addition of other features.

[0020] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this application belongs. The terms used herein are for the purpose of describing the embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit this application.

[0021] Before implementing the embodiments of the present application, the applicant discovered that the prior art had the following problems:

[0022] The service status of rail transit infrastructure directly affects train safety. The main monitoring method at present is to use track monitoring vehicles, comprehensive inspection trains, etc. to inspect important parameters such as track geometry, track unevenness, and rail profile, so as to reflect the service status of infrastructure. There are two main problems with the current inspection method: First, the inspection vehicle needs to occupy the maintenance skylight, the inspection cycle is long, which affects the operation efficiency and the cost is high. Secondly, some hidden defects such as loose fasteners, track plate separation, arching, CA mortar degassing, etc. are difficult to achieve on-board detection. Using wireless sensor networks to monitor the service performance of infrastructure does not require occupying the maintenance skylight, and directly detects infrastructure parameters, which has the advantages of low cost and high detection accuracy. However, it is currently restricted by power supply problems and is difficult to apply on a large scale. It can only be used as a supplement to on-board inspection. Existing wireless sensor networks need to replace batteries regularly, and for a large number of sensor nodes, the workload is large, the safety is low, and the impact on vehicle operation is restricted. Its further development.

[0023] In view of this, the embodiment of the present application provides a self-powered rail transit facility monitoring device, which uses vibration energy capture technology to realize self-powering of wireless sensor networks, and optimizes the power consumption of sensor nodes to achieve ultra-low power rail transit infrastructure measurement, so that the energy captured by vibration can meet the long-term operation of sensor nodes, thereby solving the power supply problem of ground sensors. The device includes: a rail vibration energy capture device, an energy storage circuit, a vibration wake-up circuit and a data acquisition and transmission controller;

[0024] The rail vibration energy capture device is used to collect energy generated by rail vibration, the energy storage circuit is used to store the power captured by the rail vibration energy capture device, the vibration awakening circuit is used to wake up the data acquisition and transmission controller in a dormant state after the rail vibration energy capture device collects a specified amount of power, and the data acquisition and transmission controller is used to monitor rail transit facilities and send the monitoring data to a remote data center;

[0025] The power output end of the track vibration energy capture device is connected to the power input end of the energy storage circuit, the energy storage circuit supplies power to the data acquisition and transmission controller, and the signal output end of the track vibration energy capture device is connected to the signal input end of the vibration wake-up circuit.

[0026] like Figure 1 As shown, the self-powered rail transit facility monitoring device provided in the embodiment of the present application includes a rail vibration energy capture device, a data acquisition and transmission controller, an energy storage circuit, and a vibration wake-up circuit. The rail vibration energy capture device can collect the energy generated by the rail vibration caused by the passage of a train or other factors to power the sensor node. The energy storage circuit uses a supercapacitor to store the electricity captured by the rail vibration energy capture device. The vibration wake-up circuit is used to generate a wake-up signal to wake up the controller in a dormant state after the rail vibration energy capture device collects enough electricity. The data acquisition and transmission controller includes sensors such as acceleration sensors, temperature sensors, strain gauges, etc., which can collect key parameters such as temperature, strain, acceleration, displacement, etc. of the rail transit infrastructure. The data acquisition and transmission controller collects the data of the rail transit infrastructure parameter monitoring sensor and sends it to the remote data center via wireless transmission. The data acquisition and transmission controller has low power and can work for a long time using only the energy collected by the rail vibration energy capture device without the need for additional power supply.

[0027] In some embodiments, the rail vibration energy capture device is a rack and pinion type rail vibration energy capturer, which converts the vertical vibration of the rail into rotational motion through a rack and pinion structure. The rotational motion drives the generator to rotate, thereby converting the vibration energy into electrical energy, and the obtained electrical energy is stored through the energy storage circuit; the rail vibration energy capture device is installed between the sleepers under the track, and the rack is fixed to the rail through a rail mounting clamp, and the rack clamp and the rail move vertically with the same amplitude and frequency.

[0028] In an embodiment of the present application, the rail vibration energy capture device is a set of rack and pinion rail vibration energy capturers, which convert the vertical vibration of the rail into rotational motion through the rack and pinion structure. The rotational motion drives the generator to rotate, thereby converting the vibration energy into electrical energy, and the obtained electrical energy is stored by a supercapacitor. The rail vibration energy capture device can be installed between two sleepers under the rail, and the rack is fixed to the rail by a rail mounting fixture. The rack fixture and the rail move vertically with the same amplitude and frequency. Small modulus gears are used to improve the meshing accuracy to avoid the problem of large gear tooth gap in the structure. The output performance of the energy capture device is improved by adjusting the overall transmission ratio of the structure and adding a vertical displacement amplification mechanism, and a stronger load-bearing TFS type one-way bearing is used to replace the traditional one-way bearing.

[0029] In some embodiments, the acquisition and transmission controller includes a three-axis MEMS acceleration sensor, a temperature sensor, a strain sensor, a digital-to-analog converter, a controller, and a signal transmission module;

[0030] The three-axis MEMS acceleration sensor is used to detect transient vibration signals and / or convert the transformation of the static gravity field into a change in inclination angle, the temperature sensor is used to detect the temperature of the rail transit facility, and the strain sensor is used to detect the strain of the rail transit facility;

[0031] The signal output end of the three-axis MEMS acceleration sensor and the signal output end of the temperature sensor are respectively connected to the input end of the controller, the signal output end of the strain sensor is connected to the input end of the controller through the digital-to-analog conversion module, the signal output end of the controller is connected to the input end of the signal transmission module, and the signal transmission module performs data transmission with the remote data center.

[0032] Here, the data acquisition and transmission controller integrates high-precision MEMS capacitive three-axis acceleration sensor, temperature sensor, and strain sensor. The built-in automatic compensation and filtering algorithm of the MEMS capacitive three-axis acceleration sensor can minimize the errors caused by environmental changes. It can be used to detect transient vibration signals and convert changes in static gravity fields into changes in inclination, thereby reducing system power consumption. The data acquisition and transmission controller uses a high-resolution differential digital-to-analog converter to convert the signal of the external strain gauge sensor into a digital signal for signal processing by the microprocessor. In order to achieve low-power sensor signal transmission, the whole machine adopts Zigbee communication mode, which effectively reduces power consumption while ensuring data reliability.

[0033] In some embodiments, in order to optimize the sensor power consumption to the maximum extent while ensuring the measurement accuracy, the controller software uses a lightweight RT-Thread real-time operating system. The system adopts a microkernel architecture, the minimum kernel is only 2KB in size, and the thread switching time is very short, which can reach the microsecond level, which has great advantages in optimizing the sensor power consumption. The software uses the RT-Thread real-time operating system to perform task separation and switching, with the aim of minimizing the data collection time and data reporting time. The initialization and operation of each module are carried out in their own tasks. For tasks that require a longer delay time, the power consumption optimization task will suspend them to reduce unnecessary task scheduling. When the delay timer ends, the task will be resumed.

[0034] In some embodiments, the data acquisition and transmission controller is controlled by data acquisition and transmission control software, and the data acquisition and transmission control software adopts a multi-task processing strategy, including acquisition tasks, power monitoring tasks, power consumption optimization tasks and data transmission tasks;

[0035] The acquisition tasks include a three-axis MEMS acceleration sensor acquisition task, a temperature acquisition task, a displacement acquisition task, and a strain acquisition task; wherein the displacement acquisition task is used to detect the displacement of the vibration process, and the displacement acquisition task is calculated based on the acquisition result of the three-axis MEMS acceleration sensor acquisition task;

[0036] The power monitoring task is used to monitor the output power of the track vibration energy capture device and the power consumption and operating time of the controller;

[0037] The power consumption optimization task is used to estimate the stored power in the energy storage circuit based on the monitoring result of the power monitoring task, perform power limitation and schedule other tasks based on the stored power, and determine to automatically enter a sleep state when data collection and transmission are not required;

[0038] The data transmission task is used to realize the remote transmission of monitoring data.

[0039] Here, the data acquisition and transmission controller data acquisition and transmission control software adopts a multi-task processing mode, including 1 power monitoring task and several sensor data acquisition tasks, 1 data transmission task and 1 power consumption optimization task. The sensor data acquisition task realizes the acquisition of various sensor data, including at least strain acquisition task, three-axis MEMS acceleration sensor task, temperature acquisition task and displacement acquisition task. The data transmission task realizes the remote transmission of monitoring data. The power monitoring task runs through the entire acquisition and reporting data interval. The purpose is to monitor the voltage and current of the input power supply in the non-sleep state to avoid the power consumption exceeding the design target. It is mainly implemented by the controller and analog-to-digital conversion module. The power consumption monitoring task collects the output voltage and current of the track vibration energy capture device, as well as the power supply voltage and current of the data acquisition and transmission controller itself, so as to monitor the output power of the vibration energy capture device and the power consumption of the controller. The power consumption monitoring task estimates the storage power in the supercapacitor according to the output power of the capture device, the power consumption of the controller and the running time, which is an important reference for power consumption optimization. The power consumption optimization task adopts a task scheduling strategy based on power limit to schedule each acquisition and transmission task. Based on the node power limit and the current working status, the data acquisition task or data transmission task is automatically suspended and started. It will automatically enter a dormant state when it determines that data collection and transmission are not needed.

[0040] See also Figure 2 , the specific process of software control is as follows Figure 2 As shown, when the system is started for the first time, initialization operations such as hardware initialization, parameter configuration, and real-time operating system initialization are first performed. Then, multiple tasks such as power monitoring, data acquisition, data transmission, and power consumption optimization are created. Each task completes data acquisition and reporting respectively. When data acquisition and reporting are completed, the control processor enters a dormant state to reduce power consumption. After dormancy, the processor waits for a specific wake-up event to occur, then starts again, and schedules one or more acquisition tasks and / or data transmission tasks for data acquisition and / or data transmission according to working conditions.

[0041] In some embodiments, the vibration wake-up circuit wakes up the data acquisition and transmission controller through a wake-up event; the wake-up event includes timed wake-up and vibration wake-up; the timed wake-up includes automatic wake-up when the next wake-up time condition set before sleep is met; the vibration wake-up includes wake-up when the track vibrates and meets specific vibration conditions.

[0042] Here, the wake-up events include timed wake-up and vibration wake-up. Timed wake-up is when the next wake-up time condition set before sleep is met, and the processor automatically wakes up. Vibration wake-up is when the track vibrates significantly and the vibration energy capture device obtains more energy, and the processor is woken up through an external circuit. Specifically, vibration wake-up is when the track vibrates significantly and the vibration energy capture device obtains more energy. When a train passes, the track will vibrate significantly. At this time, the vibration energy capture device outputs a large voltage to power the vibration wake-up circuit. After the vibration wake-up circuit is started, it outputs a wake-up signal and connects to the external wake-up port of the controller. The controller exits the sleep state after receiving the wake-up trigger signal.

[0043] In some embodiments, the time interval of the scheduled wake-up is determined based on the estimated value of the stored power and the collection cycle of the data collection and transmission controller; when the stored power meets the first state, more data is provided for data analysis by shortening the collection cycle; when the stored power meets the second state, the wake-up time is set with the longest collection cycle; wherein the power in the first state is greater than the power in the second state.

[0044] Here, the interval of the scheduled wake-up is set according to the stored power estimate and the longest acquisition cycle of slow variables such as temperature, displacement, and strain. The specific acquisition cycle is related to the location of the sensor node and the purpose of monitoring. The longest acquisition cycle of each parameter is stored in the processor ROM and read during the parameter configuration phase of the first startup. During operation, the controller will record the most recent acquisition time and upload time of each parameter, and update the information after each acquisition and upload. Before the processor enters the sleep state, it will automatically calculate the next wake-up time and set it according to the power situation recorded by the power consumption monitoring module, the longest acquisition cycle of each parameter, and the most recent acquisition time and upload time of each parameter. When the stored power is sufficient, the acquisition cycle of each parameter will be shortened to provide more data for data analysis. When the stored power is less, the wake-up time will be set to meet the requirement of the longest acquisition interval.

[0045] In some embodiments, after being awakened, the data acquisition and transmission controller updates the estimated value of the stored power based on the sleep duration and sleep power consumption, and determines the type of the awakening event;

[0046] If the wake-up event is a timed wake-up, the number of parameters to be collected this time is determined according to the estimated value of the stored power and the most recent collection time, and whether to perform data transmission is determined; if the power consumed by the data transmission is greater than the set value, the collected data is accumulated and transmitted when a specific amount of accumulated data and the stored power meet specific conditions;

[0047] If the wake-up event is vibration wake-up, the acceleration collection will start immediately and end after it is determined that the vibration has stopped. After the collection is completed, data will be transmitted and the captured energy during the vibration will be calculated. After completing all data collection and data transmission tasks, the estimated value of the stored power will be updated. After calculating the next scheduled wake-up time, the system will enter the sleep state.

[0048] Here, after the controller is awakened, it first uses the sleep duration and sleep power consumption to update the estimated value of the stored power, and then determines which type of event wakes it up. If it is a scheduled wakeup, the parameters for this collection are determined based on the current estimated value of the stored power and the most recent acquisition time of each parameter. One or more parameters can be collected, or no collection is required. And decide whether to perform data transmission. Since data transmission consumes a lot of power, the collected data can be stored in the memory first, and then transmitted uniformly when a certain amount of data is accumulated and the storage power is sufficient. If it is a vibration wakeup, the acceleration parameter collection starts immediately, and the collection ends after it is determined that the vibration has stopped, and the data is transmitted after the collection is completed. At the same time, the power consumption monitoring task monitors the output voltage and current of the vibration energy capture device and calculates the captured energy during the vibration. After completing all the acquisition and transmission tasks, the power consumption monitoring task updates the estimated value of the stored power. Calculate the next scheduled wakeup time, and then enter the sleep state again.

[0049] In some embodiments, the remote data center is used to analyze the monitoring data and evaluate the line health status;

[0050] The remote data center is also used to analyze the vibration patterns of the rail transit infrastructure at the installation location of the self-powered rail transit facility monitoring device according to the patterns of data sent by the self-powered rail transit facility monitoring device, and predict the amount of electricity that can be collected by the rail vibration energy collection device of the installation node within a specific period and the time period during which the amount of electrical energy can be collected within the specific period; the prediction information is returned to the self-powered rail transit facility monitoring device during the data transmission process; the self-powered rail transit facility monitoring device assists in setting the collection period of various parameters based on the prediction information.

[0051] Here, the remote data center collects data sent by ultra-low power self-powered wireless sensor nodes, and can analyze each monitoring data to evaluate the health status of the line. At the same time, the data center can analyze the vibration law of the rail transit infrastructure where the wireless sensor node is installed based on the law of data sent by the wireless sensor node, and predict the amount of electricity that can be collected by the track vibration energy collection device within a fixed period (for example, 1 day), as well as the time period during which electrical energy can be collected. The prediction information can be returned to the wireless sensor node during the data transmission process. The wireless sensor node can use the prediction information to assist in setting the collection period of each parameter.

[0052] In some embodiments, the timed wake-up provided by the embodiments of the present application can be calculated in the following way:

[0053] Assume that each monitoring parameter is represented by 1, ..., N, and the power consumption required for collecting each parameter separately is expressed as E1, ..., E N , the longest collection interval allowed for each parameter is set to T′1,…,T′ N , the sleep power consumption is P S , the power consumption of data transmission is E T .

[0054] Step 1: Determine the parameter k that needs to be collected recently. Assume that the time interval between the current time and the last time each parameter was collected is t′1,…,t′ N , it can be determined by the following formula:

[0055]

[0056] Step 2: Determine the next collection time. First, set the next collection time to:

[0057] T A =T k -t′ k

[0058] The power consumption to complete all data collection and transmission is:

[0059]

[0060] Assume that the current stored power is E C , then the number of times the current power can be completely collected and transmitted is:

[0061]

[0062] When the predicted next vibration power generation time is T P ,

[0063] If: T A >2T P / N, then set T A =2T P / N, otherwise remain unchanged.

[0064] Step 3: Determine the parameters for the next collection. First, use the following formula to determine the initial collection parameter set:

[0065] S N ={i|(T i -t′ i )-T A <T s}

[0066] Among them, T s is a threshold time interval.

[0067] Verify that the acquisition parameters meet the power consumption requirements:

[0068]

[0069] If the requirements are met, S N Remain unchanged, otherwise press (T i -t′ i ) Reduce one parameter in order from large to small until the above conditions are met.

[0070] An embodiment of the present application also provides a self-powered rail transit facility monitoring system, which includes at least one self-powered rail transit facility monitoring device provided by the above-mentioned embodiment of the present application, and at least one self-powered rail transit facility monitoring device is respectively arranged at different positions of the track. The installation position can be flexibly adjusted according to actual application requirements to achieve overall monitoring of the track.

[0071] In summary, the embodiments of the present application have the following beneficial effects:

[0072] (1) Self-powered and long-term operation: The embodiments of the present application provide continuous energy supply for sensor nodes by collecting vibration energy from rail transit infrastructure without relying on external power supplies, thereby ensuring that sensor nodes can collect and transmit data stably for a long time without external power supply. This feature greatly reduces operation and maintenance costs and improves the reliability and sustainability of the system.

[0073] (2) Ultra-low power consumption design: The embodiment of the present application adopts a task scheduling strategy based on power limitation to achieve ultra-low power consumption during sensor data collection and transmission. Through real-time monitoring of the energy collection power of the track vibration energy collection device and the power consumption of the sensor node itself, the system can intelligently adjust the working state to ensure that while meeting the monitoring requirements, the power consumption is minimized and the service life of the node is extended.

[0074] (3) Adaptive adjustment and intelligent monitoring: The embodiments of the present application can automatically control the collection of various parameters through accurate perception of the rail vibration state, and adaptively adjust the collection frequency and data transmission strategy according to the actual situation. This intelligent monitoring mechanism not only improves the accuracy and timeliness of monitoring data, but also further optimizes power consumption management and achieves an automatic balance between monitoring and power consumption.

[0075] (4) Improve the efficiency and safety of rail transit monitoring: Thanks to its self-powered, ultra-low power consumption and adaptive adjustment characteristics, the embodiments of the present application can achieve continuous and accurate monitoring of the rail transit status, timely discover and warn of potential safety hazards, and provide a strong technical guarantee for the safe operation of rail transit. At the same time, the efficient monitoring efficiency also promotes the optimized management of the rail transit system and improves the overall operational efficiency.

[0076] In summary, the embodiments of the present application have significant technical advantages and application prospects in the field of rail transit monitoring. They not only reduce operation and maintenance costs, improve the reliability and sustainability of the system, but also provide strong technical support for the safe operation and efficient management of rail transit.

[0077] Those skilled in the art can clearly understand that, for the convenience and simplicity of description, the specific working process of the system and device described above can refer to the corresponding process in the method embodiment, and will not be repeated in this application. In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed system, device and method can be implemented in other ways. The device embodiments described above are merely schematic. For example, the division of the modules is only a logical function division. There may be other division methods in actual implementation. For example, multiple modules or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. Another point is that the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed can be through some communication interfaces, indirect coupling or communication connection of devices or modules, which can be electrical, mechanical or other forms.

[0078] The modules described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components shown as modules may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place or distributed on multiple network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.

[0079] In addition, each functional unit in each embodiment of the present application may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist physically separately, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.

[0080] The above are only specific implementations of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present application, which should be included in the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A self-powered rail transit facility monitoring device, characterized in that: The device comprises: a track vibration energy capture device, an energy storage circuit, a vibration awakening circuit and a data acquisition and transmission controller; The rail vibration energy capture device is used to collect energy generated by rail vibration, the energy storage circuit is used to store the power captured by the rail vibration energy capture device, the vibration awakening circuit is used to wake up the data acquisition and transmission controller in a dormant state after the rail vibration energy capture device collects a specified amount of power, and the data acquisition and transmission controller is used to monitor rail transit facilities and send the monitoring data to a remote data center; The power output end of the track vibration energy capture device is connected to the power input end of the energy storage circuit, the energy storage circuit supplies power to the data acquisition and transmission controller, and the signal output end of the track vibration energy capture device is connected to the signal input end of the vibration wake-up circuit.

2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that The rail vibration energy capture device is a rack and pinion type rail vibration energy capturer, which converts the vertical vibration of the rail into rotational motion through a rack and pinion structure. The rotational motion drives the generator to rotate, thereby converting the vibration energy into electrical energy, and the obtained electrical energy is stored through the energy storage circuit; the rail vibration energy capture device is installed between the sleepers under the rail, and the rack is fixed to the rail by a rail mounting clamp, and the rack clamp and the rail move vertically with the same amplitude and frequency.

3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that The acquisition and transmission controller includes a three-axis MEMS acceleration sensor, a temperature sensor, a strain sensor, a digital-to-analog converter, a controller and a signal transmission module; The three-axis MEMS acceleration sensor is used to detect transient vibration signals and / or convert the transformation of the static gravity field into a change in inclination angle, the temperature sensor is used to detect the temperature of the rail transit facility, and the strain sensor is used to detect the strain of the rail transit facility; The signal output end of the three-axis MEMS acceleration sensor and the signal output end of the temperature sensor are respectively connected to the input end of the controller, the signal output end of the strain sensor is connected to the input end of the controller through the digital-to-analog conversion module, the signal output end of the controller is connected to the input end of the signal transmission module, and the signal transmission module performs data transmission with the remote data center.

4. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that The data acquisition and transmission controller is controlled by data acquisition and transmission control software, and the data acquisition and transmission control software adopts a multi-task processing strategy, including acquisition tasks, power monitoring tasks, power consumption optimization tasks and data transmission tasks; The acquisition tasks include a three-axis MEMS acceleration sensor acquisition task, a temperature acquisition task, a displacement acquisition task, and a strain acquisition task; wherein the displacement acquisition task is used to detect the displacement of the vibration process, and the displacement acquisition task is calculated based on the acquisition result of the three-axis MEMS acceleration sensor acquisition task; The power monitoring task is used to monitor the output power of the track vibration energy capture device and the power consumption and operating time of the controller; The power consumption optimization task is used to estimate the stored power in the energy storage circuit based on the monitoring result of the power monitoring task, perform power limitation and schedule other tasks based on the stored power, and determine to automatically enter a sleep state when data collection and transmission are not required; The data transmission task is used to realize the remote transmission of monitoring data.

5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that The vibration wake-up circuit wakes up the data acquisition and transmission controller through a wake-up event; the wake-up event includes timed wake-up and vibration wake-up; the timed wake-up includes automatic wake-up when the next wake-up time condition set before sleep is met; the vibration wake-up includes wake-up when the track vibrates and meets specific vibration conditions.

6. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that The time interval of the scheduled wake-up is determined based on the estimated value of the stored power and the collection cycle of the data collection and transmission controller; when the stored power meets the first state, more data is provided for data analysis by shortening the collection cycle; when the stored power meets the second state, the wake-up time is set with the longest collection cycle; wherein the power in the first state is greater than the power in the second state.

7. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that After being awakened, the data acquisition and transmission controller updates the estimated value of the stored power based on the sleep duration and sleep power consumption, and determines the type of the awakening event; If the wake-up event is a timed wake-up, the number of parameters to be collected this time is determined according to the estimated value of the stored power and the most recent collection time, and whether to perform data transmission is determined; if the power consumed by the data transmission is greater than the set value, the collected data is accumulated and transmitted when a specific amount of accumulated data and the stored power meet specific conditions; If the wake-up event is vibration wake-up, the acceleration collection will start immediately and end after it is determined that the vibration has stopped. After the collection is completed, data will be transmitted and the captured energy during the vibration will be calculated. After completing all data collection and data transmission tasks, the estimated value of the stored power will be updated. After calculating the next scheduled wake-up time, the system will enter the sleep state.

8. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that The remote data center is used to analyze the monitoring data and evaluate the line health status; The remote data center is also used to analyze the vibration patterns of the rail transit infrastructure at the installation location of the self-powered rail transit facility monitoring device according to the patterns of data sent by the self-powered rail transit facility monitoring device, and predict the amount of electricity that can be collected by the rail vibration energy collection device of the installation node within a specific period and the time period during which the amount of electrical energy can be collected within the specific period; the prediction information is returned to the self-powered rail transit facility monitoring device during the data transmission process; the self-powered rail transit facility monitoring device assists in setting the collection period of various parameters based on the prediction information.

9. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that The timed wakeup is calculated in the following way: Assuming that each monitoring parameter is 1, ..., N, the power consumption required for each monitoring parameter to be collected separately is predicted to be E1, ..., E N , the longest collection interval allowed for each monitoring parameter is set to T1,…,T N , the sleep power consumption is P S , the power consumption of data transmission is E T ; Determine the parameter k that needs to be collected recently, assuming that the time interval between the current time recorded and the last time each monitoring parameter was collected is t′1,…,t′ N ,but Determine the next collection time, set the next collection time to: T A =T k -t′ k The power consumption to complete all data collection and transmission is: Assume that the current stored power is E C , then the number of times the current power can be completely collected and transmitted is: Assume that the next vibration power generation time predicted by the distance is T P , if T A >2T P / N, then set T A =2T P / N, otherwise remain unchanged; Determine the parameters for the next collection and the parameter set for the initial collection: S N ={i|(T i -t′ i )-T A <T s } Among them, T′ s is a threshold time interval; Verify that the acquisition parameters meet the power consumption requirements: If the requirements are met, S N Keep unchanged, otherwise press (T i -t′ i ) Reduce one parameter in order from large to small until the requirement is met.

10. A self-powered rail transit facility monitoring system, characterized in that: The system comprises at least one self-powered rail transit facility monitoring device as described in claims 1-9, and the at least one self-powered rail transit facility monitoring device is respectively arranged at different positions on the track.

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